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This study aimed to verify health self-perception, its prevalence and associated factors in institutionalized elderly. A cross-sectional study is presented herein, conducted in 10 Long-Term care Institutions for the Elderly (LTIE) in the city of Natal (Northeast Brazil), between October and December 2013. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, along with institution-related and health state variables. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out (Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test or linear trend Chi-squared test), as well as multivariate analysis (logistic regression). The final sample consisted of 127 elderly. The prevalence of negative self-perceived health was 63.19% (CI 95%: 55.07-70.63), and was associated with weight loss (PR: 1.54; CI 95%: 1.19-1.99), rheumatic disease (PR: 1.46; CI 95%: 1.05-2.01) and not-for-profit LTIE (PR: 1.37; CI 95%: 1.03-1.83), adjusted by sex. More than half of the elderly reported negative self-perceived health, which was associated with weight loss, rheumatic disease and type of institution. Actions must be developed to promote better health conditions in LTIE, such as nutrition consulting and physical therapy, to improve quality of life.

Objective: to analyze cervical cancer mortality trends in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and its health micro-regions from 1996 to 2010, as well as to make projections for five-year periods from 2011 to 2030., Methods: this was an ecological time series study; negative binomial regression was used to analyze trends and projections., Results: rates above 5.0 deaths per 100,000 women were observed in all the micro-regions, with a stationary trend in the state as a whole and an upward trend in the micro-regions with the worst socioeconomic conditions; projections indicated reduction in mortality rates in the state, from 5.95/100,000 women (2006-2010) to 3.67 (2026-2030), although a 22% increase in the absolute number of deaths is expected., Conclusion: although a reduction in mortality rates is projected, they continue to be high, indicating the need for review and strengthening of the state's cervical cancer control program.

The scope of this article is to analyze the temporal trends of cervical cancer mortality in Brazil and calculate the projection of mortality through to the year 2030. Deaths that occurred within the 1996-2010 period were analyzed (Mortality Information System). Mortality trend analysis utilized the Joinpoint regression, while Nordpred was utilized for the calculation of projections. For Brazil, decreasing trends were identified (APC = 1.7% CI95%-2.2; -1.1 p < 0.05). The Midwest region presented a significant reduction trend (APC = -1.3% per year), along with the Southeast (APC = -3.3%) and South (APC = -3.9%) regions. The North and Northeast regions presented stable trends. The states of Acre (APC = -6.5%) and Rio Grande do Sul (APC = -4.1%) presented the most pronounced reduction trends. Analysis of the mortality projections revealed a reduction in mortality rates, starting from the first projected period, with a considerable reduction for the South region. Mortality rates through to the year 2030 are explained, principally, by reductions in the risk of the disease. Cervical cancer mortality presents reducing trends, however these are unequally distributed throughout the country, where the North and Northeast regions present the highest mortality rates.

Objective: Our aim was to study the trend between 2007 and 2013 in the incidence of larynx cancer in a health district of 300,000 inhabitants., Material and Method: With information from the hospital cancer registry for the reference health area, we calculated the incidence and subsequently performed a joinpoint regression using specific software., Results: We found a statistically-significant downward trend with an annual percentage change of -10.83 LC 95% (-16.85, -4.40) between 2007 and 2013., Conclusions: We found that the tendency of incidence in larynx cancer decreased, mainly in males, where the results were statistically significant. These results should encourage continuing prevention of smoking and alcohol consumption., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cérvico-Facial. All rights reserved.)

Background: In Latin America and the Caribbean, the epidemiological transition has been occurring in an unequal manner. Infectious-contagious diseases share space with the increase of chronic nontransmissible diseases, such as cancer, which already represents the second most common cause of death, after cardiovascular illnesses., Objectives: This study provides a global picture of the burden of cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the challenges faced when controlling this disease in these regions., Findings: Epidemiological information on cancer in Latin America originates mainly from mortality registries and from a limited number of population-based cancer registries. Estimates indicate increases of 72% in the incidence of cancer and 78% in the mortality of men between 2012 and 2030, and for women the rates are 62% and 74%, respectively. These increases in incidence rates, accompanied by disproportionally high mortality rates, when compared with other regions of the world, reveal the magnitude of the challenge of controlling cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean. Although neoplasms are among the main causes of death, the control strategies are faced with issues such as organization and development of the health system, and the public policy formulation mechanism., Conclusions: Establishing knowledge on the real impact of incidence, mortality, and survival in Latin America and the Caribbean is quite a challenge due to the lack of an updated and dynamic information system on mortality and incidence, although some improvement has been made in the information systems of some countries within the most recent decade. Other obstacles for cancer control are the uneven allocation of resources, lack of investments in equipment and infrastructure, and the concentration of health care professionals in large urban centers, which contribute to the reproduction of socioeconomic iniquities in the assistance of populations that suffer from cancer., (Copyright © 2014 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This cross-sectional study compared the effects of treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs on quality of life (QoL) and side effects in 218 patients with schizophrenia attending the ambulatory services of psychiatric in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Socio-economic variables were compared. The five-dimension EuroQoL (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate QoL, and side effects were assessed using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and the Simpson-Angus Scale. Data were analysed using the χ (2) test and Student's t test, with a significance level of 5 %. Average monthly household incomes in the medication groups were 1.1-2.1 minimum wages ($339-$678). UKU Scale scores showed significant differences in side effects, mainly, clozapine, quetiapine and ziprasidone (p < 0.05). EQ-5D scores showed that all drugs except olanzapine significantly impacted mobility (p < 0.05), and proportions of individuals reporting problems in other dimensions were high: 63.6 % of clozapine users reported mobility problems, 63.7 and 56.3 % of clozapine and ziprasidone users, respectively, had difficulties with usual activities, 68.8 and 54.5 % of ziprasidone and clozapine users, respectively, experienced pain and/or discomfort, and 72.8 % of clozapine users reported anxiety and/or depression. Psychiatric, neurological, and autonomous adverse effects, as well as other side effects, were prevalent in users of atypical antipsychotic drugs, especially clozapine and ziprasidone. Olanzapine had the least side effects. QoL was impacted by side effects and economic conditions in all groups. Thus, the effects of these antipsychotic agents appear to have been masked by aggravating social and economic situations.

Estimation of the size of a cancer group, either through number of cases or extrapolation of past observed trends, is indispensable to the planning of effective assistance measures. The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality trends of human papillomavirus-related cancers in Brazil by sex, in the period 1996-2010, and make predictions until the year 2025. All deaths registered as being a result of cervical cancer (ICD-10 code: C53), as well as those caused by vulvar and vaginal (C51 and C52), anal (C21), penile (C60), and oropharyngeal (C02, C09, C10) cancers, were registered. Adjusted rate calculations for each year were used to study the trends through the regression program 'Joinpoint'. Predictions were made using the Nordpred program, utilizing the age-period-cohort model. When analyzing separately by location, it was observed that penile and anal cancers in men presented an increasing trend for the entire period with a statistically significant annual percentage change of 4% for anal cancer and 1.4% for penile cancer. Predictions indicate a reduction in the risk of death due to oropharyngeal cancer in men and cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers in women. It was observed that the increase in the number of deaths occurs mainly because of population changes (size and age structure). In terms of risk, an increase is predicted for anal and penile cancers in men and consequently an increase in mortality rates is observed for these types of cancers, unlike what is expected for human papillomavirus-related cancers in women.

Background and Objective: The objective of the present paper is to study the incidence and survival of esophageal cancer from data of the Population-Based Cancer Registries of Zaragoza., Patients and Methods: Crude and adjusted incidence rates were calculated according to sex and the Joinpoint log-linear regression was utilized to calculate trends in adjusted incidence rates for the period 1978-2002. The observed survival was calculated by utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method. For relative survival, the automate calculation of the Oncology Institute of Catalonia was utilized., Results: Joinpoint analysis revealed stability in the incidence rates with Annual Percentage Change of 0.16 (CI 95%: -0.8; 1.1) for men and 0.04 for women (CI 95%: -2.8; 2.8). Observed survival in the period 1978-2002 was 33.2% in the first year and 15.3% in the last year. Relative 1-year survival for males and females was 36.3% (CI 95%: 32.7-40.4) and 23.8% (CI 95%: 20.0-28.4) after 5 years., Conclusions: Data suggest that there were no significant changes in the incidence rates of esophageal cancer in the province of Zaragoza and that survival was low., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is not well documented as it is rarely described according to the anatomic definition but usually grouped with oral cavity subsites. The aim of this study was to calculate oropharyngeal cancer incidence and compare it to oral cavity cancer incidence. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) of oropharyngeal cancer were calculated for the period between 1998 and 2002, based on data from Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents, Volume IX (CI5-IX). These ASRs were compared with previously published oral cavity cancer data. Among males, the highest ASRs were observed in France, Slovakia, Slovenia and Brazil. The highest oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancer rate ratio was observed in Pakistan, among males (6.2) and females (13.5). The results provide an overview of oropharyngeal cancer incidence and constitute a basis for the development of primary and secondary prevention, according to geographical variations and topography., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This article aims to study larynx cancer survival from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Zaragoza, Spain, for the period 1978-2002., Methods: The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The automated calculation of the Catalan Institute of Oncology was utilised to obtain the relative survival., Results: The observed survival rate was 84.6% in the first year and 60.9% in the fifth year. The one-year relative survival in both genders was 86.8% (CI 95%: 85.3-88.4) and 70.1% (CI 95%: 67.8-72.4) after five years. Glottic cancer presented a better survival rate than supraglottic and subglottic cancers, and a better survival rate was also observed in younger ages. There were no statistical differences when comparing survival rates by gender and between the periods 1978-1986, 1987-1994 and 1995-2002., Conclusions: The data suggest there were no significant changes in laryngeal cancer survival in the province of Zaragoza in the period 1978-2002 and that the tumours located in the glottis presented a better prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the trend in the incidence rates of major salivary gland cancer in population-based cancer registries in Spain., Methods: The following Spanish cancer registries with a minimum follow-up period of 10 years were selected: Albacete, Asturias, Granada, Murcia, Navarre, Tarragona and Zaragoza. Adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Joinpoint software was utilized to calculate change estimations in incidence rates for the period 1991-2001., Results: Joinpoint analysis revealed a statistically significant decreasing trend with an annual percent change of -5.3% (95% CI: -8.7 to -1.8)., Conclusion: The incidence of major salivary gland cancers in Spain was low and a decreasing trend was identified between 1991 and 2001., (Copyright © 2011 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Background: Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancers in men, accounting for approximately 6% of all incident cancers. The highest incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers were registered in Pakistan, India, France, Slovakia and Brazil. This paper presents predictions of incidence rates of the most common cancers in the head and neck in Spain., Objective: This paper presents predictions of incidence rates of the most common cancers in the head and neck regions for the period 2003-2017, grouped in periods of five years (2003-2007, 2008-2012, 2013-2017), based on incidence data from five Population-Based Cancer Registries in Spain., Methods: Cancer registries published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents vols. VII-IX with a minimum of 15 years of continuous data were selected. The selected topographies were: oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. Predictions were made using the Nordpred program, utilizing the age-period-cohort model., Results: For the period between 2013 and 2017, 4542 cases of head and neck cancers were predicted for men and 810 for women, with a proportion of 5.6 men to one woman. Cancers of the oral cavity, larynx and hypopharynx in men presented an increasing number of cases due to demographic changes, but the risk will be reduced by 2% for oral cavity cancer, 28% for laryngeal cancer, 3% for hypopharyngeal cancer and 4% for grouped locations. Oropharyngeal cancer in men has a predicted increase of 47% due to risk. Predictions for the female gender suggest an increment in all locations, with an increased risk of 24% for the oral cavity, 37% for the larynx, and 67% for grouped locations., Conclusion: Predictions show a reduction in gender difference in the incidence of head and neck cancers. There was a reduction in incidence rates for men and an increase for women, evidencing changes in exposure to tobacco and alcohol., (Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: The present ecological study analyzed gender differences in the incidences and trends of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers in Spain and compared these with smoking prevalence and alcohol consumption in the period., Methods: Data were evaluated from seven Spanish Population-Based Cancer Registries, selected with a minimum follow-up period of 10 years. Information on smoking prevalence and trends were collected from National Health Surveys; for alcohol consumption the Global Alcohol Database was utilized. Trends in the incidences of cancer, smoking and alcohol consumption were analyzed by log-linear joinpoint regression., Results: Analysis of the seven groups of registries revealed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of laryngeal cancer in men (APC=-4.2) over time and a non-significant increase in women (APC=0.6), with data on prevalence of smoking revealing similar trends. For hypopharyngeal cancer in men an initial increase of 10.6% per year was observed, followed by a reduction of -7.2%; however in women a constant increase of 2.8% per year was observed in the evaluated period., Conclusions: In recent years, the incidence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers have increased in Spanish women and decreased in Spanish men, narrowing the gap between genders for this neoplasm. The identified trends are probably related to the consumption of tobacco and alcohol; however other risk factors should also be addressed., (Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)