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The article offers information on the article "Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10," by O. Kaplan and colleagues which was retracted from the journal due to data misappropriations and ethical misconduct of one of its authors.

The commercially available and bench‐stable Co(acac)2 ligated with bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (dpephos) was employed for selective room temperature hydroboration of nitro compounds with HBPin (TOF up to 4615 h−1), tolerating halide, hydroxy, amino, ether, ester, lactone, amide and heteroaromatic functionalities. These reactions offered a direct access to a variety of N‐borylamines RN(H)BPin, which were in situ treated with aldehydes and carboxylic acids to produce a series of aldimines and secondary carboxamides without the need for dehydrating and/or coupling reagents. Combination of these transformations in a sequential one‐pot manner allowed for direct and selective synthesis of aldimines and secondary carboxamides from readily available and inexpensive nitro compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current methods of detecting I IDH1 i mutational status rely primarily on immunohistochemistry or droplet digital PCR which is specific to the detection of the I IDH1 R132H i mutation. Recently, Orr et al. reviewed LFS-associated brain tumours describing adults at risk of developing diffuse astrocytomas harbouring I IDH1 R132C i mutation [[6]]. Our findings using genome wide DNA methylation profiling indicate that pediatric IDH gliomas do not differ epigenetically from classical adult onset IDH related gliomas, where the natural history would suggest eventual malignant progression. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Objective: We aimed to assess the association of oral health (OH), dental care (DC) and mouthwash with upper-aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk, and to examine the extent that enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol modify the effect of mouthwash. Materials and methods: The study included 1963 patients with incident cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx or esophagus and 1993 controls. Subjects were interviewed about their oral health and dental care behaviors (which were converted to scores of OH and DC respectively), as well as smoking, alcohol drinking, diet, occupations, medical conditions and socio-economic status. Blood samples were taken for genetic analyses. Mouthwash use was analyzed in relation to the presence of polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing genes known to be associated with UADT. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95%-confidence intervals [CI] were estimated with multiple logistic regression models adjusting for multiple confounders. Results: Fully adjusted ORs of low versus high scores of DC and OH were 2.36[CI=1.51–3.67] and 2.22[CI=1.45–3.41], respectively, for all UADT sites combined. The OR for frequent use of mouthwash use (3 or more times/day) was 3.23[CI=1.68–6.19]. The OR for the rare variant ADH7 (coding for fast ethanol metabolism) was lower in mouthwash-users (OR=0.53[CI=0.35–0.81]) as compared to never-users (OR=0.97[CI=0.73–1.29]) indicating effect modification (p heterogeneity =0.065) while no relevant differences were observed between users and non-users for the variant alleles of ADH1B, ADH1C or ALDH2. Conclusions: Poor OH and DC seem to be independent risk factors for UADT because corresponding risk estimates remain substantially elevated after detailed adjustment for multiple confounders. Whether mouthwash use may entail some risk through the alcohol content in most formulations on the market remains to be fully clarified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The study aimed to investigate the role of medical history (skin warts, Candida albicans, herpetic lesions, heartburn, regurgitation) and medication use (for heartburn; for regurgitation; aspirin) in the aetiology of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer.Methods: A multicentre (10 European countries) case–control study [Alcohol-Related CAncers and GEnetic susceptibility (ARCAGE) project].Results: There were 1779 cases of UADT cancer and 1993 controls. History of warts or C. albicans infection was associated with a reduced risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.94 and OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60–0.89, respectively] but there was no association with herpetic lesions, heartburn, regurgitation or medication for related symptoms. Regurgitation was associated with an increased risk for cancer of the oesophagus (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.98–2.21). Regular aspirin use was not associated with risk of UADT cancer overall but was associated with a reduced risk for cancer of oesophagus (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28–0.96), hypopharynx (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–1.02) and larynx (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–1.01).Conclusions: A history of some infections appears to be a marker for decreased risk of UADT cancer. The role of medical history and medication use varied by UADT subsites with aspirin use associated with a decreased risk of oesophageal cancer and suggestive of a decreased risk of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Summary: Tobacco and alcohol are major risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer and significant variation is observed in UADT cancer rates across Europe. We have estimated the proportion of UADT cancer burden explained by tobacco and alcohol and how this varies with the incidence rates across Europe, cancer sub-site, gender and age. This should help estimate the minimum residual burden of other risk factors to UADT cancer, including human papillomavirus. We analysed 1981 UADT cancer cases and 1993 controls from the ARCAGE multicentre study. We estimated the population attributable risk (PAR) of tobacco alone, alcohol alone and their joint effect. Tobacco and alcohol together explained 73% of UADT cancer burden of which nearly 29% was explained by smoking alone, less than 1% due to alcohol on its own and 44% by the joint effect of tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco and alcohol together explained a larger proportion of hypopharyngeal/laryngeal cancer (PAR=85%) than oropharyngeal (PAR=74%), esophageal (PAR=67%) and oral cancer (PAR=61%). Tobacco and alcohol together explain only about half of the total UADT cancer burden among women. Geographically, tobacco and alcohol explained a larger proportion of UADT cancer in central (PAR=84%) than southern (PAR=72%) and western Europe (PAR=67%). While the majority of the UADT cancers in Europe are due to tobacco or the joint effect of tobacco and alcohol, our results support a significant role for other risk factors in particular, for oral and oropharyngeal cancers and also for UADT cancers in southern and western Europe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A series of Mn(I), Fe(II), and Co(II) complexes with PN H ligands bearing secondary amine functionality were prepared and tested in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitriles using ammonia borane as a hydrogen source. Among all tested complexes, a tetracoordinate Fe(II) bromide, (PN H )FeBr 2 , proved the most effective, representing a rare example of a highly active iron-based catalytic system for transfer hydrogenation reactions beyond carbonyl compounds and the first example of the iron catalyst for the transfer hydrogenation of nitriles to the corresponding primary amines. Mechanistic studies point out a metal-ligand cooperative mechanism enabled by the secondary amine moiety of the PN H ligand.

Hydroboration of isocyanates with HBPin was demonstrated using both catalytic and catalyst-free approaches. In arene solvents, the reactions employed the commercially available and bench-stable Co(acac) 2 /dpephos (dpephos = bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether) pre-catalyst and proved chemodivergent, showing the formation of either formamides or N -methylamines, depending on the concentration of HBPin and the reaction conditions used. Catalytic monohydroboration of isocyanates to formamides was found to be highly chemoselective, tolerating alkenes, alkynes, aryl halides, esters, carboxamides, nitriles, nitroarenes and heteroaromatic functionalities. The catalyst-free hydroboration reactions have been demonstrated in neat HBPin. Whereas monohydroboration proved less selective compared with Co(acac) 2 /dpephos-catalyzed transformations, selective deoxygenative hydroboration of isocyanates to N -methylamines was observed under catalyst-free conditions.

The commercially available and bench-stable Co(acac) 2 /dpephos system is employed as a precatalyst for selective and efficient room temperature hydroboration of organic nitriles with HBPin to produce a series of N,N-diborylamines [RN(BPin) 2 ], which react in situ with aldehydes to give aldimines. Formation of aldimines from N,N-diborylamines does not require a dehydrating agent, is applicable to a wide range of N,N-diborylamine and aldehyde substrates and is highly chemoselective, being unaffected by various common functional groups, such as alkenes, alkynes, secondary amines, ketones, esters, amides, carboxylic acids, pyridines, nitriles, and nitro compounds. The overall transformation represents a synthetically valuable approach to aldimines from nitriles and can be performed in a sequential one-pot manner, tolerating ester, lactone, carboxamide and unactivated alkene functionalities., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal urologic cancer. Only two common susceptibility loci for RCC have been confirmed to date. To identify additional RCC common susceptibility loci, we conducted an independent genome-wide association study (GWAS). We analyzed 533 191 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with RCC in 894 cases and 1516 controls of European descent recruited from MD Anderson Cancer Center in the primary scan, and validated the top 500 SNPs in silico in 3772 cases and 8505 controls of European descent involved in the only published GWAS of RCC. We identified two common variants in linkage disequilibrium, rs718314 and rs1049380 (r(2) = 0.64, D ' = 0.84), in the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2 (ITPR2) gene on 12p11.23 as novel susceptibility loci for RCC (P = 8.89 × 10(-10) and P = 6.07 × 10(-9), respectively, in meta-analysis) with an allelic odds ratio of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.26] for rs718314 and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12-1.25) for rs1049380. It has been recently identified that rs718314 in ITPR2 is associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic locus associated with both cancer risk and WHR., (© The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.)