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Highlights: [•] PtSn catalysts supported on different supports are prepared. [•] Used support determines the porous character and the acidic properties of the catalyst. [•] Behaviors of metal dispersion and coking are obviously different on different supports. [•] Selected supports affect the reduction of tin species and the location of active sites effectively. [•] Mesoporous alumina supported catalyst exhibits the highest reaction stability and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Hollow structure TiO2/C spheres were prepared by a facile hard-templating method. [•] A surface-protected dissolution mechanism was proposed to account for the spontaneous of silica core. [•] The TiO2/C hollow spheres exhibited enhanced photocatalytic efficiency under visible light irradiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The effect of Na addition to PtSn/AlSBA-15 on the catalytic properties in propane dehydrogenation was studied. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, BET, HR-TEM, NH-TPD, TPO and TPR. Results showed that the presence of sodium could not only modify the acid function of the catalysts but also the structure of metallic phase, thus reduce the amount of coke deposition. Among the catalysts investigated, PtSnNa (1.0%)/AlSBA-15 had the best catalytic performance in terms of propane conversion and stability. The high catalytic performance may be owing to the strong interaction between metal and support. Graphical Abstract: The effect of different amount of sodium added on the acid sites on the surface of the catalyst, pore structure and catalytic performance for PtSn/AlSBA-15 catalyst was studied in the paper. After the addition of Na, the propane conversion increased obviously and the stability of catalysts also improved. The optimum amount of Na was 1.0%. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We encountered patients with a congenital cutaneous sinus tract in the sternoclavicular joint region, which we designate as "congenital sternoclavicular sinus (CSCS)." The aim of this investigation is to enhance recognition of this subtle yet noteworthy entity and develop standardized protocols for its management., Patients and Methods: Between 2013 and 2023, 172 patients, including 78 males and 94 females, were referred to our institution for the management of CSCS. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed., Results: The majority of patients (60.5%) were young children below 3 years of age, with only six adult patients and a median age of 27.5 months. The left side was implicated in 157 cases (91.3%). In 146 cases (84.9%), a faint skin streak was noted above the orifice. Yet, no pharyngeal sinus tracts were detected, either through barium swallow studies or direct laryngoscopy. All skin lesions featured a diminutive orifice near the sternoclavicular joint, with the tract extending deeply into the subcutaneous tissue and terminating blindly, short of entering the joint, after a distance of 10 mm (ranging from 5 to 21 mm). Histopathological analysis revealed that the epithelial lining predominantly consisted of stratified squamous epithelium (87.8%), with ciliated columnar epithelium accounting for the remaining 12.2%., Conclusions: CSCS, though infrequent, presents with distinctive pathological and clinical features. The condition predominantly affects the left sternoclavicular joint region, with the notable "skin streak sign" aiding in diagnosis. We considered CSCS as one disease entity of branchial arch anomalies. Complete surgical excision offers a definitive cure., Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:4402-4408, 2024., (© 2024 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.)

Recently, microwave absorption (MA) materials have attracted intensive research attention for their ability to counteract the effects of ever-growing electromagnetic pollution. However, conventional microwave absorbers suffer from complex fabrication processes, poor stability and different optimal thicknesses for minimum reflection loss (RL min ) and widest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). To address these issues, we have used electrospinning followed by high-temperature annealing in argon to develop a flexible microwave absorber with strong wideband absorption. The MA properties of the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can be tuned by adjusting annealing temperature, and are dependent on the composition and microstructure of the CNFs. The absorber membrane obtained at 800 °C consists of Fe 0.64 Ni 0.36 @graphite core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in CNFs, formed via a corrosion-like transformation from NiFe 2 O 4 to Fe 0.64 Ni 0.36 followed by surface graphitization. This nanostructure greatly enhances magnetic-dielectric synergistic loss to achieve superior MA properties, with an RL min of -57.7 dB and an EAB of 6.48 GHz (11.20-17.68 GHz) both acquired at a thickness of 2.1 mm. This work provides useful insights into structure-property relationship of the CNFs, sheds light on the formation mechanism of Fe 0.64 Ni 0.36 @graphite NPs, and offers a simple synthesis route to fabricate light-weight and flexible microwave absorbers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Carrier spatial separation efficiency and active electron density are the key factors affecting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Heterojunction catalysts with fast charge separation and directed electron transport systems were successfully prepared by a synergistic modification strategy of transition metal (Co) doping and crystal plane modulation. The optimized electronic structure and enhanced reaction kinetics enabled unidirectional electron transfer. Photocatalytic results show that CdS(002)/Co-C 3 N 4 exhibits remarkable hydrogen evolution activity (991.2 μmol h -1 g -1 ) in the absence of a co-catalyst, which is 37.0 and 3.4 times higher than that of C 3 N 4 (26.8 μmol h -1 g -1 ) and Co-C 3 N 4 (294.6 μmol h -1 g -1 ), respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the enhanced catalytic activity of CdS(002)/Co-C 3 N 4 is attributed to the reduced electron-hole recombination rate and the increased electron density at the active site. This work provides a new idea for the design of photocatalysts with directed charge transport channels from the perspective of re-optimizing heterojunctions.

Objective: To investigate the embryologic origin and diagnosis and management of cutaneous cartilage remains of gill origin in the neck. Methods: A total of 15 patients with cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants treated in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2005 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They had a common feature showing a tumor in the lower third of the front of sternocleidomastoid muscle. The tumor looked like accessory auricle, never appeared pain or other symptoms of infection, and had no skin orifice. All patients underwent ultrasound examination, which showed an anechoic area under subcutaneous tissue of the neck or face. MRI examination in 6 cases showed subcutaneous irregular nodules the location of the lesion. Surgical resection of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants was performed in all cases. Results: Postoperative pathological examination showed elastic cartilage. No complications were noticed. Recurrence was not observed in the cases by following-up of 8 months to 52 months（median: 41 months）. Conclusion: Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are relatively rare, which may originate from the second branchial arch and may be associated with other congenital malformations. The curative treatment is a complete excision preschool., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To discuss the clinical application and significance of the modified piriform fossa fistulectomy based on segmental anatomy of fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 84 patients with CPSF treated by modified pyriform sinus fistulectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The modified piriform fossa fistula resection adopts the fistula anterograde anatomy method to fine dissect the fistula. The operation procedure can be summarized into four parts: retrograde anatomy of recurrent laryngeal nerve, anatomy of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve, anterograde anatomy of fistula and partial thyroidectomy. Results: All 84 patients successfully completed the operation and discharged from the hospital. The operation time was（64.6±20.0） min, the intraoperative bleeding was（19.6±13.0） mL, and the average hospital stay was（6.8±1.1） d. Postoperative infection occurred in 1 case（1.19%）, temporary vocal cord paralysis in 1 case（1.19%）, no bleeding, pharyngeal fistula, dysphagia, permanent vocal cord paralysis and choking cough. The incidence of complications was 2.3%（2/84）. No complications such as permanent vocal cord paralysis and hypothyroidism occurred. Follow up for 57-106（Median 74） months showed no recurrence. Conclusion: A modified procedure based on segmental dissection of the fistula not only simplifies the traditional procedure, but also procedures the specific steps to provide a targeted and precise resection, which provides a proven surgical solution for complete eradication of the lesion and significantly reduces complications and recurrence., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

All-inorganic metal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their high application potentials in optoelectronics, photonics, and energy conversion. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) CsPbBr 3 nanosheets with a thickness of about 3 nm have been synthesized through a simple chemical process based on a hot-injection technique. The lateral dimension of CsPbBr 3 nanosheets ranges from 11 to 110 nm, which can be tuned by adjusting the ratio of short ligands (octanoic acid and octylamine) over long ligands (oleic acid and oleylamine). The nanosheets result from the self-assembly of CsPbBr 3 nanocubes with an edge length of about 3 nm, which possess the same crystal orientation. In addition, an amorphous region of about 1 nm in width is found between adjacent nanocubes. To investigate both the structure and the growth mechanism of these nanosheets, microstructural characterizations at the atomic scale are conducted, combined with X-ray diffraction analysis, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) measurement, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, aiming to determine the configuration of different ligands adsorbed onto CsPbBr 3 . Our results suggest that the adjacent nanocubes are mainly connected together by short ligands and inclined long ligands. On the basis of the DFT calculation results, a relationship is derived for the volume ratio of short ligands over long ligands and the lateral dimensions of CsPbBr 3 nanosheets. Moreover, a physicochemical mechanism is proposed to explain the 2D growth of CsPbBr 3 nanosheets. Such a finding provides new insights regarding the well-ordered self-arrangement of CsPbBr 3 nanomaterials, as well as new routes to synthesize 2D CsPbX 3 (X = Cl and I) nanosheets of suitable dimensions for specific and large-scale applications.

Background: Laryngeal cancer is a common malignancy of the head and neck, it's important to find novel targets for its therapy. The 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (HTR7) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family which are easily druggable in diseases; however, its role in laryngeal cancer remains unknown., Methods: Colony formation assay, Soft agar growth assay, BrdU incorporation assay and MTT assay were used to analyze the effect of HTR7 on laryngeal cancer cell proliferation. Xenograft tumors in nude mice was used to analyze the effect of HTR7 on laryngeal cancer growth. Luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the effect of HTR7 on phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway activity., Results: We found that HTR7 was significantly upregulated in laryngeal cancer tissues and cells, and patients with high HTR7 expression had shorter survival time than those with low HTR7 expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models showed that HTR7 was an independent predictive factor for the prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer. Cell proliferation assays and an animal model showed that HTR7 overexpression promoted laryngeal cancer proliferation and growth, while HTR7 knockdown inhibited laryngeal cancer proliferation and growth. Further analysis showed HTR7 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, characterized by increased phosphorylation of AKT, luciferase reporter activity of forkhead box O (FOXO) factors, and target expression. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in HTR7-overexpressing cells suppressed proliferation and growth, suggesting that HTR7 promotes laryngeal cancer proliferation and growth by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway., Conclusions: HTR7 is not only a target for laryngeal cancer therapy but also a prognostic factor for the prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-1069). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Background: Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among head and neck cancers. Accumulating studies have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in laryngeal cancer occurrence and progression, however, the functional roles and relative regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in laryngeal cancer progression remain unclear., Methods: The expression of lncRNA GAS5 in both laryngeal cancer tissues and cell lines was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The relationships between lncRNA GAS5 expression and clinical parameters were also analyzed. To determine the biological function of lncRNA GAS5, a lncRNA GAS5-specific plasmid was first transfected into laryngeal cancer cells using lentiviral technology. Cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were used to detect in vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis, cycle distribution, and metastasis abilities, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo cell growth experiments were also performed using nude mice. Additionally, western blotting was performed to identify the underlying regulatory mechanism., Results: In the current study, lncRNA GAS5 was downregulated in laryngeal cancer tissues and its low expression was closely associated with poor tumor differentiation, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall survival time. In addition, lncRNA GAS5 upregulation significantly inhibited laryngeal cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo . Moreover, in response to lncRNA GAS5 overexpression, more laryngeal cancer cells were arrested at the G2/M stage, accompanied by increased cell apoptosis rates and suppressed migration and invasion capacities. Mechanistically, our data showed that the overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 significantly regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway., Conclusion: LncRNA GAS5 might act as a suppressor gene during laryngeal cancer development, as it suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; thus, lncRNA GAS5 is a promising therapeutic biomarker for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prioritized the development of small-animal models for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We adapted a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 by serial passaging in the respiratory tract of aged BALB/c mice. The resulting mouse-adapted strain at passage 6 (called MASCp6) showed increased infectivity in mouse lung and led to interstitial pneumonia and inflammatory responses in both young and aged mice after intranasal inoculation. Deep sequencing revealed a panel of adaptive mutations potentially associated with the increased virulence. In particular, the N501Y mutation is located at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. The protective efficacy of a recombinant RBD vaccine candidate was validated by using this model. Thus, this mouse-adapted strain and associated challenge model should be of value in evaluating vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

A 6 year-old boy, who complained right neck abscesses and X-ray showed left pyriform fistula, was diagnosed as bilateral pyriform sinus fistulas. For bilateral pyriform sinus fistulas, endoscopic CO2laser cauterization should be the first treatment choice., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

A woman with coronavirus disease in her 35th week of pregnancy delivered an infant by cesarean section in a negative-pressure operating room. The infant was negative for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2. This case suggests that mother-to-child transmission is unlikely for this virus.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common head and neck cancer. Despite recently improved management of LSCC, chemotherapy resistance of patients remains a challenge. In this study, we identified that long noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 regulates LSCC therapeutic resistance by augmenting LSCC stemness. LSCC chemotherapy-resistant patients showed increased FOXD2-AS1 expression compared with that in chemotherapy-sensitive patients, which predicted poor prognosis. Gain- or loss-of-function experiments showed that upregulated FOXD2-AS1 maintained cancer stemness, reducing the response to chemotherapy, while FOXD2-AS1 downregulation had the opposite effects. FOXD2-AS1 acted as a scaffold for STAT3 and PRMT5, promoting STAT3 transcriptional activity, which is essential to maintain cancer stemness and promote chemotherapeutic resistance. Interfering with FOXD2-AS1 using short hairpin RNA rescued LSCC's chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Thus, FOXD2-AS1 promotes LSCC chemotherapeutic resistance and is an upstream activator of STAT3, making FOXD2-AS1 a potential therapeutic target to improve the chemotherapy effect in LSCC patients.

Background: The predictive value of tumor budding in several cancers is of the essence. The 5-year survival of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients is decreasing despite the improvement of therapy. In order to help improve the prognosis of LSCC patients, we aimed to investigate the value of tumor budding on the prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) by the pathological characteristics of the surgical cases., Methods: Archival clinical specimens of 51 patients diagnosed with LSCC were included in the research. On the basis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides, tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), tumor budding and nuclear features were assessed. Correlation between clinical data and histologic characteristics was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model, respectively., Results: Total tumor budding was independent prognostic parameter of 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in LSCC. The evaluation of tumor budding can be as a part of the routine histopathological report in LSCC., Conclusions: Tumor budding can be an independent factor of prognosis of LSCC patients and should be as a part of routine histopathologic report for LSCC cases., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2019.11.28). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

The halogen elements modification strategy of TiO 2 encounters a bottleneck in visible-light H 2 production. Herein, we have for the first time reported a hierarchical honeycomb Br-, N-codoped anatase TiO 2 catalyst (HM-Br,N/TiO 2 ) with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H 2 production. During the synthesizing process, large amounts of meso-macroporous channels and TiO 2 nanosheets were fabricated in massive TiO 2 automatically, constructing the hierarchical honeycomb structure with large specific surface area (464 m 2 g -1 ). cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and melamine played a key role in constructing the meso-macroporous channels. Additionally, HM-Br,N/TiO 2 showed a high visible-light H 2 production rate of 2247 μmol h -1 g -1 , which is far more higher than single Br- or N-doped TiO 2 (0 or 63 μmol h -1 g -1 , respectively), thereby demonstrating the excellent synergistic effects of Br and N elements in H 2 evolution. In HM-Br,N/TiO 2 catalytic system, the codoped Br-N atoms could reduce the band gap of TiO 2 to 2.88 eV and the holes on acceptor levels (N acceptor) can passivate the electrons on donor levels (Br donor), thereby preventing charge carriers recombination significantly. Furthermore, the proposed HM-Br,N/TiO 2 fabrication strategy had a wide range of choices for N source (e.g., melamine, urea, and dicyandiamide) and it can be applied to other TiO 2 materials (e.g., P25) as well, thereby implying its great potential application in visible-light H 2 production. Finally, on the basis of experimental results, a possible photocatalytic H 2 production mechanism for HM-Br,N/TiO 2 was proposed.

Objective: Hyperkalaemia is one of the most common reasons for patients requiring emergency treatment. This study is to investigate the risk factors of postoperative hyperkalemia in renal failure patients undergoing parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (PTXa)., Methods: One hundred and eight patients [ 54 men and 54 women; age, 45.1 ± 11.1 years (mean ± SD)] with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation were involved in this study. Laboratory chemistries (hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, serum calcium level, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone) were measured before surgery. Serum potassium level was obtained before surgery and at 0 h after surgery., Results: Serum potassium level increased in 108 patients after surgery (P < 0.05). Sixteen patients (14.8%) potassium levels rose more than 6.0 mmol/L after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation. Age and preoperative serum potassium level were significantly negative correlated with postoperative serum potassium level. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve method confirmed that use of the preoperative serum potassium level was the primary predictor of postoperative hyperkalemia. The cutoff point for preoperative serum potassium level was 4.40 mmol/L, according to the Youden index of the receiver operating characteristic curve., Conclusions: Preoperative serum potassium increased after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The preoperative serum potassium level could help the surgeon to predict postoperative hyperkalemia in case of emergency dialysis following surgery., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: To prevent hypocalcemia, this study examined the efficiency of a calcium supplement formula guided by predicted calcium requirement in patients with renal failure after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation., Methods: In the first phase, a protocol was followed whereby intravenous calcium gluconate was repeatedly titrated based on serum calcium levels in 22 patients with parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation. In the second phase, the first equation protocol was applied in 74 patients with parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation and revised., Results: There is a significant correlation between the postoperative amount of calcium requirement and preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase level (r = 0.442; P < .001) and parathyroid hormone level (PTH; r = 0.889; P < .001). For prediction of insufficient calcium supplement, the cutoff point of PTH and alkaline phosphatase level values were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and modified equations were developed by regression analysis., Conclusion: The preoperative PTH and alkaline phosphatase levels can predict postoperative calcium requirements, such that equations of calcium supplement allow the management of hypocalcemia efficiently in patients on dialysis after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

High-quality double-shelled TiO 2 hollow spheres (DHS-Ti) assembled with TiO 2 nanosheets have been synthesized for the first time through a simple hydrothermal treatment of sSiO 2 @TiO 2 (TiO 2 -coated solid SiO 2 spheres). The double-shelled structure shows a high BET surface area up to 417.6 m 2  g -1 . Anatase DHS-Ti of high crystallinity can be obtained without structural collapse by calcination treatment. The effects of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration, pH, and hydrothermal reaction temperature have also been investigated with a series of contrast experiments. A formation mechanism involving the in situ growth of amorphous TiO 2 nanosheets followed by the redeposition of dissolved silica species is proposed. Lastly, the DHS-Ti forming strategy can be extended as a general strategy to fabricate various morphological hollow nanostructures and double-shelled Pt nanocatalysts by rationally selecting functional sSiO 2 nanoparticles as core materials. This work could open up a new strategy for controllable synthesis of complex hollow structures and other functional materials., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of adductor spasmodic dysphonia phonatory break in mandarin Chinese and select the stimuli phrases., Method: Thirty-eight patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia were involved in this study. Standard phrase " fù mŭ xīn" and a speech corpus in mandarin Chinese with 229 syllables covering all vowel and constant of mandarin Chinese were selected. Every patient read the phrases above twice in normal speed and comfortable voice. Two auditory perpetual speech pathologists marked phonatory break syllables respectively. The frequency of phonatory break syllables and their located phrases were calculated, rated and described. The phrases including the most phonatory break syllables were selected as stimuli phrases, the phonatory break frequency of which was also higher than that of standard phrase "fù mŭ xīn"., Result: Phonatory break happened in the reading of all patients. The average number of phonatory break syllables was 14 (3-33). Phonatroy break occurred when saying 177 (77.3%) syllables in the speech corpus. The syllables "guŏ, rén, zāng, diàn, chē, gè, guăn, a, bā, ne, de" broke in 23.1%-41.0% patients. These syllables belonged to the phrases "pĭng guŏ, huŏ chē, shì de, nĭ shì gè hăo rén, wŏ mén shì yŏu zŏng shì bă qĭn shì nong dé hĕn zāng, wŏ mén nà biān yŏu wăng qiú yùn dong chăng, cān gŭan, jiŭ bā hé yī gè miàn bāo dìan, tā shì duō me kāng kăi a,wŏ yīng gāi zài xìn lĭ xiĕ yī xiē shén mē ne?". Thirty-seven patients (97.3%) had phonatory break in above mentioned words. Ratios of these words phonatory break also were more than "fù mŭ xīn"., Conclusion: Adductor spasmodic dysphonic patients exhibited different degrees of phonatory break in mandarine Chinese. The phrases" shì de, pĭng guŏ, huŏ chē, nĭ shì gè hăo rén, wŏ mén nà biān yŏu wăng qiú yùn dong chăng, cān gŭan, jiŭ bā hé yī gè miàn bāo dìan, tā shì duō me kāng kăi a" were recommended as stimuli phrases for adductor spasmodic dysphonia evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of stomal recurrence in patients after total laryngectomy., Method: A thorough literature search was performed among Wanfang database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database of VIP and pubmed database. Meta analysis was performed on a total of 2725 patients in 2 Chinese papers and 6 English papers which met the inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed by RevMan 5.0 software., Result: Subglottic and transglottic location (tumor location), the extent of the tumor of the primary site (T4), preoperative tracheotomy were important risk factors of recurrence after total laryngectomy., Conclusion: Subglottic and transglottic location (tumor location), the extent of the tumor of the primary site (T4), preoperative tracheotomy were related to stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy.

Objective: To investigate the clinical treatment effect of refractory hypertension accompanied with OSAHS by surgery on upper airway., Method: Thirty-two patients were enrolled in our research. PSG and blood pressure were examined on preoperation and 6th month, 1 year, 2 year of postoperation., Result: The AHI and the time of SaO2 < 90% were lower significantly, and LSaO2 was improved (P < 0.01). The blood pressures of 32 patients were decreased., Conclusion: The operation on upper airway could improve the hypertension of patient with OSAHS effectively.

Objective: To study the mRNA expression of muscle phenotype and collagen of soft palate and pathology in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)., Method: We used the Real-time PCR to test the mRNA expression of soft palate muscle myosin heavy chain (MyHC) phenotype and collagen in 12 OSAHS patients and 8 control patients. We also distinguished the muscle isoforms I , II with ATPase staining, then counted the numbers of isoforms muscle fiber., Result: The mRNA expression of OSAHS group was more than control group in II A MyHC phenotype (P<0.01). The number of OSAHS group muscle fibre I isoform was less than control group with pH4. 3 ATPase staining (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Compare to control group, the enhancement happened in the mRNA expression of II A MyHC phenotype which can increase the velocity and power but de crease the enduring quality of muscle in OSAHS, and the reduce be in the I MyHC isoform of muscle fiber that can cause muscle velocity become slower and persistency become longer in OSAHS patients.

Objective: To explore the effect of the pillar implant system in the management of snoring and OSAHS patients., Method: All patients are divided into three groups by PSG: mild to moderate OSAHS, severe OSAHS and snoring. PSG and snoring visual analogue scale (VAS) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively, and the postoperative PSG was performed after 6 months., Result: The values of VAS in all of the patients were reduced. AHI was reduced from 17.03 +/- 10.63 preoperatively to 11.17 +/- 9.52 postoperatively in 28 patients with mild to moderate OSAHS and the total effective ratio was 67.9%. AHI was reduced from 62.93 +/- 9.21 preoperatively to 55.42 +/- 13.77 postoperatively in 6 patients with severe OSAHS and the effective ratio was 16.7%., Conclusion: The pillar implant system had a significant effect on mild to moderate OSAHS patients.