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We present a method to estimate and quantify geometric parameters of a buried object in near-field microwave images. These parameters are shape, location, size, and orientation. Unlike the parameter estimation based on a conventional ground-penetrating radar image, a 3-D well-focused coherent image is generated. Instead of choosing a z-slice of the 3-D image, both 2-D projection and shadow projection images are used to perform the parameter estimation. The shape of the buried object is determined based on both x- and y-polarized images. Other geometric parameters, such as location, size, and orientation, are estimated by the method of spatial moments. Both numerical and experimental data of an object buried in a dielectric slab are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed geometric parameter estimation algorithm.

Automated shadow detection is an important research problem in the field of remote sensing image processing. The shadow regions seriously affect the interpretation of the remote sensing images. However, the existing methods have poor detection effect for small shadow regions, and the ability to distinguish between weakly illuminated regions and shadow regions is insufficient. For this reason, we propose a shadow detection network based on multiscale spatial attention mechanism for aerial remote sensing images, called MSASDNet. First, the backbone based on residual block is employed to extract the preliminary features of the input image. Then, we design a multiscale feature extraction module based on the spatial attention mechanism to extract multiscale features with spatial attention information, which can suppress the influence of complex nonshadow regions on the detection and improve the detection ability of small shadow regions. Finally, the decoder structure based on deconvolution is used to predict the shadow mask from the combined feature. Experiments performed on the Aerial Imagery dataset for Shadow Detection (AISD) dataset demonstrate the superiority of MSASDNet in terms of quantitative and qualitative comparison with several state-of-the-art methods. The code will release soon in https://github.com/HITLDY/MSASDNet.

The aim of this study is to scrutinize the individuation process of Murakami Haruki’s protagonist, who feels a stark sense of loss and lack, in the novel Dance Dance Dance. The paper also focuses on “the other side” and death motifs that frequently emerge as the story goes. Sheep Man, Kiki and Gotanda represent the shadow of the protagonist. While Gotanda and Kiki have passed away to the world of the dead, the protagonist is able to reconnect with Sheep Man, by entering his room, which symbolizes the other side created by the protagonist's unconsciousness.However, he prefers to be with Yumiyoshi in the real-world, instead of reuniting with his shadow and Kiki, his Lacanian desire object, belonging to his unconscious world. This study not only examines the protagonist’s search of “objet petit a” with Lacanian pscychoanalysis but also his strugle with his shadow during his individuation process with Jung’s shadow archetype as well as the persona archetype that emerge in the novel. This study contributes to Murakami Haruki studies to comprehend the inner self of the narrator, who experiences fragmentation utilizing both Lacanian psychoanalytic theory and Jungian psychoanalysis which provides a much more elaborate discussion on the unconscious functioning of the protagonist., Bu çalışmanın amacı Murakami Haruki’nin Dans Dans Dans romanında eksiklik ve yitirme duyguları hisseden başkişinin geçtiği bireyselleşme sürecini irdelemektir. Makalede ayrıca romanda sıklıkla yinelenen öteki taraf ve ölüm motiflerine odaklanılmaktadır. Koyun Adam, Kiki ve Gotanda başkişinin gölgesini temsil ederler. Gotanda ve Kiki ölülerin dünyasına göç ederken başkişi bilinçdışı dünyasına ait olan ve öteki tarafı sembolize eden Koyun Adamın odasına girerek Koyun Adam ile tekrar bağ kurmayı başarır. Ancak öteki dünyadaki gölgesi ve bilinçdışı dünyasına ait Lacancı psikanalizde küçük arzu nesnesi halini alan Kiki ile bütünleşmek yerine, gerçek dünyayada Yumiyoshi ile birlikte olmayı tercih eder. Bu çalışmada, başkişinin “objet petit a” arayışının Lacancı psikanaliz ile tartışılmasının yanı sıra başkişinin bireyselleşme sürecinde gölgesiyle mücadelesi de romanda ortaya çıkan Jung’un gölge arketipi ve persona arketipleriyle birlikte incelenecektir. Başkişinin bilinçdışı işleyişleri hakkında çok daha ayrıntılı bir tartışma olanağı sunan hem Lacancı psikanalitik kuram hem de Jungçu psikanalizden yararlanan bu çalışma, parçalanma yaşayan anlatıcının iç benliğini irdelemede Murakami Haruki çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Shadow detection is an important branch of computer vision. Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods for shadow detection have achieved better performance than methods based on manually designed features. However, CNNs are extremely hungry for data and the training of CNN-based shadow detector requires time-consuming and expensive pixel-level annotations. To alleviate this problem in shadow detection, a method of data augmentation based on generative adversarial network (GAN), named ShadowGAN, has been proposed. Given a shadow mask and a shadow-free image, our ShadowGAN can generate shadow images with labels. To guide the training of ShadowGAN and get more realistic shadow images, (Formula presented.) loss is further implemented to impose a restriction between real shadow images and generated shadow images. The effectiveness of ShadowGAN is demonstrated by training existing shadow detectors on enlarged dataset. In addition, to better make use of shadow-free images in shadow detection, shadow image classification task is added for the shadow detectors. Experiments show that this task can guide the feature extraction network to learn more robust shadow features. At last, these two methods are combined and a better performance of shadow detection is achieved. National Key Research and Development Program of China. Grant Number: 2019YFC1511300; National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 61971079; Basic Research and Frontier Exploration Project of Chongqing. Grant Number: cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0666; Innovative Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing. Grant Number: cstc2020jcyj-cxttX0002; Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province. Grant Number: 2020YFQ0025.

Real-time rendering of pixel-accurate hard shadows in 3D scenes is still a challenging problem for shadow generation techniques. In this paper, we present the concept of non-overlapping geometric shadow map (NOGSM), which enables the construction of high-quality hard shadows from static lights for any point in the scene. The NOGSM is created in a preprocessing phase, in which the scene’s geometry is looked at from the light’s point of view. All hidden surfaces are removed through total elimination of hidden polygons plus clipping of the partially hidden polygons. The resulting list of non-overlapping projected polygons is then stored in a multi-grid data structure. Our solution generates shadows with far better quality than standard shadow mapping techniques, while maintaining real time performance, and using a smaller memory footprint than compression techniques.

In any work of art, from literary to visual, theatrical and cinematographic, the presence of shadow, most of times associated with the presence of light, emerges as a particularly motivated sign. The very act of placing a shadow in a specific context makes the shadow subject to the same area of interpretation as the rest of the artwork. Within each artistic field, there are lots of meanings associated to shadow: from philosophical, theological and psychological to symbolic and metaphorical. According to the artistic medium it belongs to, the metaphor of shadow is usually engaged in creating and modifying the atmosphere, in visualising images, in diminishing or increasing the dramatic intensity and mainly in accumulating meaning. The present study intends to explore the transposition of the metaphor of shadow from its allegorical roots, as in Plato’s allegory of the cave, into new artistic environments such as literary and cinematographic. Be it employed in the service of an idea, as in Shakespeare’s Hamlet or used for creating a visual and cinematic effect as in Zeffirelli’s homonymous film, the metaphor of shadow adapted its means of expression in order to extend the area of significances.

Incidental findings on chest X-ray of oncological patients need further evaluation in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). We report two cases of abnormal shadows, detected on radiograph, in patients with breast cancer: the first one projected under the left hemidiaphragm and the second one obscuring the right hemidiaphragm. Both patients were asymptomatic, subjected to a surgery and to a CT. The first scan revealed a 15 mm diameter nodule in left lung with smooth margins and central calcifications. Whereas, the second exam showed a subcapsular, ring, calcified lesion in the liver. In both cases, CT was essential for staging and therapeutic choice.

Safety is a necessity in any case, as is driving. Many motorists today ignore safety in driving. Based on this innovation is needed in driving safety, automatic steering cars can be one of the driving safety solutions. This is because the automatic steering car uses a technological approach from various aspects ranging from deep learning, computer vision, sensor fusion, localization, control, unit path planning. In this discussion, the implementation of the line detection algorithm uses the hough transform and power steering methods. The results of the application of this method require a method to recognize the road markings with other things that are symmetrical in shape like a line, can be a shadow of a pole, a road divider, and so forth. Because the parameters of this method can only be used in ideal conditions. The overall application of this method successfully detects road markings with an accuracy of 75%

In this paper, a mathematical model of a communication channel with an unmanned aerial vehicle and taking into account the specifics of the locations of a ground communication point when determining the effects of refraction, diffraction and interference of electromagnetic waves is proposed. A meaningful statement of the problem based on the mathematical relationship between the energy parameters of the first transmission equation and the quality indicators (BER) of the second transmission equation has been formed. The main features of calculating the parameters of the first equation are to determine the rules for calculating the level of attenuation due to the influence of the earths surface. The calculation of attenuations for cases of removal of an unmanned aerial vehicle from a ground communication point within the areas of line of sight, partial shade and shadow has been clarified. The second transmission equation is based on the mathematical model of the Rice communication channel. With respect to the energy parameters and the selected communication quality indicator for the formed mathematical model, examples of graphical dependencies are given in the study of typical computational problems. With respect to the energy parameters and the selected communication quality indicator for the formed mathematical model, examples of graphical dependencies in the study of typical computational problems are given.

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo es construir un indicador que mide el sentimiento sobre la coyuntura economica que se desprende del texto de los ejemplares del Boletin Economico publicados por el Banco de Espana. Este indicador de sentimiento evoluciona de manera muy parecida a la primera estimacion del PIB y a las previsiones realizadas por el Banco de Espana. Esto implica que la narrativa cualitativa de los informes contiene informacion parecida a la de las proyecciones cuantitativas. Ademas, la narrativa complementa las previsiones cuantitativas, porque incorpora tambien informacion adicional, que no se utiliza en si para estimar las previsiones EnglishThe aim of this paper is to construct a text-based indicator that refl ects the sentiment of the Banco de Espana economic outlook reports. Our sentiment indicator mimics very closely the fi rst release of the GDP growth rate, which is published after the publication of the reports, and the Banco de Espana quarterly forecasts of the GDP growth rate. This means that the qualitative narrative contained in the reports contains similar information to the one conveyed by the quantitative forecasts. In addition, the narrative complements the quantitative projections by discussing information which is not directly refl ected in the point forecasts

The phenomenon that frequency decreases and amplitude increases near the bottom of a gas layer on a seismic profile is called a low-frequency shadow, but this phenomenon may not occur in all gas reservoirs. When the tight gas reservoir is thick enough, spectral decomposition data after Fourier transformation will indicate characteristics similar to those of low-frequency shadows, which we call generalized low-frequency shadows. Compared to the dominant frequency of the nongas-bearing zone spectral, the dominant frequency of a gas zone moves toward the low end of the frequency range and the low-frequency amplitude increases accordingly. By analyzing known gas reservoirs such as the Sulige and Yanchang tight sandstones in the Ordos Basin and tight carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin, we can see that, with the visual dominant seismic frequency close to 30 Hz, the peak frequency of the gas-bearing tight sandstones and tight dolomite reservoirs will move from approximately 30 to 10–15 Hz. There is a certain correlation among the drop of the dominant frequency of a tight gas reservoir, the attenuation energy difference, and the thickness and productivity of the gas layer. Several cases indicate that nearly all tight gas layers thicker than 15 m exhibit attenuation characteristics of generalized low-frequency shadows.

Shadow-bands are a low cost alternative when a precision solar tracker is not available. Adequate precision may be achieved if the measured diffuse irradiance is corrected to account for the sky portion blocked by the shadow-band. The isotropic sky assumption leads to a systematic under estimation of diffuse irradiance. Several correction methods have been proposed to take into account the anisotropic effects. However, their performance at a given site depends on the dominant local climate. In this work, it is shown that the local adaptation of shadow band correction methods results in a significant improvement in the diffuse irradiance measurement's accuracy. Nine well-known correction methods are implemented and tested (both in their original and locally adapted versions) for the Pampa Humeda region of southeastern South America. In absence of local adaptation, only one of the pre-existing methods improves the simple isotropic model. All locally adapted versions perform similarly well and outperform significantly the original methods. A new model based on the parametrization of Battle's model is proposed. It provides the best performance compared to all locally adapted pre-existing models, under all-sky and discriminated sky conditions.

Coverage in mobile communications systems requires an acceptable link gain over a maximum service area, with areas of low link gain being problematic. A standard approach to maximize link gain is to deploy multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antennas that adapt to the changing multipath. There is also recent interest in using active surfaces for adaptive reflections within the multipath environments, and this calls for new ideas at the system and component levels. A critical mechanism in urban propagation is corner diffraction, which illuminates shadow areas but with low link gain. We present a simple add-on system for corners, comprising a simple scattering dipole or scattering array, which can significantly improve link gain in the shadow region over a wide bandwidth. The concept is demonstrated through analysis, simulation, and physical measurement. Only shadowed areas are boosted, and the line-of-sight coverage is not significantly affected. Our demonstration is for a passive, fixed configuration, which is suitable for retrofitting to existing systems.

Vehicle segmentation, traffic density estimation and vehicle tracking are some of the important functionalities in smart traffic management. Segmentation of vehicles from traffic surveillance videos can help to realize many applications like speed monitoring, traffic estimation etc. Vehicle segmentation from surveillance videos becomes very challenging due to presence of occlusions, cluttered backgrounds and traffic density variations. In this work, we propose a deep learning adapted active net segmentation model for vehicle segmentation. The proposed solution involves three stages: adaptive background model based subtraction, active net sub netting with CNN, refined from CNN results with ETAN optimization. Adaptive background modeling is based on an adaptive gain function which is constructed from the pixels of the frames in the video. The gain function is able to compensate for the shadow and illumination problems affecting the vehicle segmentation. Deep learning assisted topological active net deformable model is able to provide higher segmentation accuracy in presence of occlusions, cluttered backgrounds and traffic density variations.

The operation of photovoltaic (PV) array under shade faces great challenges due to the power loss that reduces the extracted power. Reconfiguration process is one of the most promising solutions to reduce the effect of shadow on the array. However, the physical array relocation methods like total cross-tied (TCT) and Su Do Ku have some limitations due to their complicated arrangements. Therefore, this paper presents a recent metaheuristic approach of coyote optimization algorithm (COA) to solve the reconfiguration process of the partially shaded PV array. The main target is maximizing the global maximum power (GMP) extracted from the array. The proposed COA is applied on 9 × 9 PV array operated under four standard shadow patterns which are short wide (SW), long wide (LW), short narrow (SN), and long narrow (LN). The obtained configurations via the proposed COA method are compared to TCT, Su Do Ku, flower pollination algorithm (FPA), marine predators algorithm (MPA), and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) based arrangements. The best enhancement of GMP obtained via the proposed COA with respect to TCT configuration occurs in SW shadow pattern of 26.58% while the least on is 7.68% placed in SN pattern. The obtained results confirmed the competence and superiority of the proposed COA in reconfiguring the shaded array optimally.

An inertial shadow Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm for finding zeros of the sum of monotone operators is proposed in Hilbert spaces. Moreover, a three-operator splitting algorithm for solving ...

The article studies the potential of introducing systems of the situational center in order to build a system providing safe life in the real range of time and effective management of production and organization processes within the frames of the concept of shifting to industry 4.0. On the basis of research findings today's enterprises and organizations should form strategy of their development with due regard to the necessity to digitalize the man. The key goals of this process are monitoring of employees' vital functions, extrapolation and modeling of substandard situations and visualization of generalized information in a suitable format in the range of real time. By analyzing the condition and problems of enterprise digitalization the authors systematized key factors, which should be taken into account for building the advanced system of providing labour safety in the range of real time, proposed the automated management system of providing labour safety based on the system of the situational center and the procedure of developing strategy of enterprise digitalization with regard to HR digitalization, which includes introduction of the system of situational center. By using situational center the modulus for modeling and visualization of ‘digital shadow' was worked out to monitor vital functions of enterprise employees.

Two-dimensional 1 arrays of bi-component structures made of cobalt and permalloy elliptical dots with thickness of 25 nm, length 1 mm and width of 225 nm, have been prepared by a self-aligned shadow deposition technique. Brillouin light scattering has been exploited to study the frequency dependence of thermally excited magnetic eigenmodes on the intensity of the external magnetic field, applied along the easy axis of the elements. Scientific information technology has been developed rapidly. Here, the purposes are to make people's lives more convenient and ensure information management and classification. The machine learning algorithm is improved to obtain the optimized Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm. Then, an Android-based intelligent support information management system is designed based on LightGBM for the big data analysis and classification management of information in the intelligent support information management system. The system is designed with modules of employee registration and login, company announcement notice, attendance and attendance management, self-service, and daily tools with the company as the subject. Furthermore, the performance of the constructed information management system is analyzed through simulations. Results demonstrate that the training time of the optimized LightGBM algorithm can stabilize at about 100s, and the test time can stabilize at 0.68s. Besides, its accuracy rate can reach 89.24%, which is at least 3.6% higher than other machine learning algorithms. Moreover, the acceleration efficiency analysis of each algorithm suggests that the optimized LightGBM algorithm is suitable for processing large amounts of data; its acceleration effect is more apparent, and its acceleration ratio is higher than other algorithms. Hence, the constructed intelligent support information management system can reach a high accuracy while ensuring the error, with apparent acceleration effect. Therefore, this model can provide an experimental reference for information classification and management in various fields.

Light is a limiting resource for crops within integrated land use systems especially those including woody perennials. The amount of available light at ground level can be modified by artificially pruning the overstory. Aiming to increase the understanding of light management strategies, we simulated the pruning of wild cherry trees and compared the shading effects of the resulting tree structures over a complete growing season, with fine spatiotemporal resolution. Original 3D-tree structures were retrieved employing terrestrial laser scanning and quantitative structure models, and subjected to two pruning treatments at low and high intensities. By using the ‘shadow model’, the analogous tree structures created diverse shaded scenarios varying in size and intensity of insolation reduction. Conventional pruning treatments reduced the crown structure to the uppermost portion of the tree bole, reducing the shading effects, and thus, shrinking the shaded area on the ground by up to 38%, together with the shading intensity. As an alternative, the selective removal of branches reduced the shading effects, while keeping a more similar spatial distribution compared to the unpruned tree. Hence, the virtual pruning of tree structures can support designing and selecting adequate tending operations for the management of light distribution in agroforestry systems. The evidence assembled in this study is highly relevant for agroecosystems and can be strategically used for maintaining, planning and designing integrated tree-crop agricultural systems.

This paper proposes a controller for stable grasping of unknown-shaped objects by two robotic fingers with tactile fingertips. The grasp is stabilised by rolling the fingertips on the contact surface and applying a desired grasping force to reach an equilibrium state. The validation is both in simulation and on a fully-actuated robot hand (the Shadow Modular Grasper) fitted with custom-built optical tactile sensors (based on the BRL TacTip). The controller requires the orientations of the contact surfaces, which are estimated by regressing a deep convolutional neural network over the tactile images. Overall, the grasp system is demonstrated to achieve stable equilibrium poses on various objects ranging in shape and softness, with the system being robust to perturbations and measurement errors. This approach also has promise to extend beyond grasping to stable in-hand object manipulation with multiple fingers., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters and in IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2021). Supplemental video: https://youtu.be/rfQesw3FDA4

Inspiré par le spectre d’Hamlet, Voltaire veut lui aussi créer une pièce où apparaîtrait une figure surnaturelle : c’est ainsi qu’il écrit Ériphyle, tragédie dans laquelle le personnage éponyme est une reine qui a précipité́ la mort de son mari et qui se voit pressée d’épouser Hermogide, l’assassin de feu son époux. La pièce, qui est un succès en société, réussit pourtant « passablement » sur la scène de la Comédie-Française. Plus tard, Voltaire écrit Sémiramis, qui est d’abord un semi-échec sur la scène officielle avant de devenir plus tard une pièce à succès. La question des spectres dans le théâtre voltairien se place donc au croisement de différents enjeux : dramatiques (quelle fonction le spectre a-t-il au sein de l’action ?), symboliques (que représentent ces apparitions ?) et esthétiques (pourquoi ces scènes de fantômes ne réussissent-elles pas à la Comédie-Française ?). Inspired by the ghost of Hamlet, Voltaire also wanted to create a play in which a supernatural figure would appear: so he wrote Ériphyle, a tragedy in which the eponymous character is a queen who has hastened the death of her husband and is pressured to marry Hermogides, the murderer of her late husband. The play, which was a success in society, was nevertheless ‘fairly successful’ on the stage of the Comédie-Française. Later, Voltaire wrote Sémiramis, which was initially a semi-failure on the official stage before later becoming a successful play. The question of spectres in Voltaire's theatre is thus at the crossroads of different issues: dramatic (what function does the spectre have within the action?), symbolic (what do these apparitions represent?) and aesthetic (why do these ghost scenes not succeed at the Comédie-Française?).

ilustraciones, fotografías principalmente a blanco y negr,o planods La presente investigación aborda el problema del papel de la sombra en la definición de los límites de la forma arquitectónica mediante el tratamiento de la superficie y el espacio. El estudio está centrado en la descomposición de las fachadas del Conjunto Giraldo (Edificio Elvira Ogliastri, Giraldo y Blanca Ponce de León) de Fernando Martínez, quien aborda la sombra, a partir de la variación consciente y modulada de la profundidad de las fachadas. El análisis adopta dos formas paralelas de mirar el proyecto, una de la superficie exterior y otra de los espacios umbrales intermedios; que corresponden a la categorización de sombra proyectada y sombra habitada respectivamente. Como resultado de este estudio, se revelan patrones y gradaciones de sombra generados por la variación consciente de la profundidad y la disposición de umbrales; que definen la forma y evidencian la modulación de la sombra como agente estructurante de la fachada. (Texto tomado de la fuente) This research addresses the problem of the role of shadow in the definition of the limits of architectural form through the treatment of surface and space. The study is focused on the decomposition of the facades of the Conjunto Giraldo (Elvira Ogliastri, Giraldo and Blanca Ponce de León Building) by Fernando Martinez, who approaches the shadow through the conscious and modulated variation of the depth of the facades. The analysis adopts two parallel ways of looking at the project, one from the exterior surface and the other from the intermediate threshold spaces; which correspond to the categorization of projected shadow and inhabited shadow respectively. As a result of this study, patterns and gradations of shadow generated by the conscious variation of depth and the arrangement of thresholds are revealed, defining the form and evidencing the modulation of shadow as a structuring agent of the façade. Maestría Magíster en Arquitectura La metodología de investigación que guía esta tesis sigue un proceso inductivo, que parte de un interés por el tema de la sombra y la observación de la obra de Fernando Martínez, identificando la presencia de sombra en las fachadas de sus proyectos. Con base en esta impresión, se desarrolla una categorización y un análisis sistemático de la presencia de sombra en una muestra que permite enfocar progresivamente la mirada en los proyectos relevantes para la investigación de la totalidad de la obra de Fernando Martínez. Con lo anterior, la presencia de sombra en las fachadas, se estudia a partir de la aplicación de operaciones y la introducción de elementos arquitectónicos; que alteran el relieve de la superficie de la fachada y producen sombra. La sombra en la arquitectura

In remote sensing (RS), shadows play an important role, commonly affecting the quality of data recorded by remote sensors. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to detect and model the shadow effect in RS data as well as the information that is obtained from them, particularly when the data are to be used in further environmental studies. Shadows can generally be categorized into four types based on their sources: cloud shadows, topographic shadows, urban shadows, and a combination of these. The main objective of this study was to review the recent literature on the shadow effect in remote sensing. A systematic literature review was employed to evaluate studies published since 1975. Various studies demonstrated that shadows influence significantly the estimation of various properties by remote sensing. These properties include vegetation, impervious surfaces, water, snow, albedo, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and land surface temperature. It should be noted that shadows also affect the outputs of remote sensing processes such as spectral indices, urban heat islands, and land use/cover maps. The effect of shadows on the extracted information is a function of the sensor–target–solar geometry, overpass time, and the spatial resolution of the satellite sensor imagery. Meanwhile, modeling the effect of shadow and applying appropriate strategies to reduce its impacts on various environmental and surface biophysical variables is associated with many challenges. However, some studies have made use of shadows and extracted valuable information from them. An overview of the proposed methods for identifying and removing the shadow effect is presented.

Klasik edebiyat metinlerini anlama noktasında gerçekleştirilen şerh, tahlil ve sözlük çalışmalarının yanı sıra bazı kelime, deyim ve tabirlerin anlamına yönelik makale ve bildiri düzeyinde hazırlanan çalışmalar, klasik şiirin mana alanına yönelik önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Klasik şiir metinlerini çözümleme esnasında başvurulan bu kaynaklar, sözlüklerde manası verilmeyen ve çok fazla bir metin tanığına sahip olmayan kelime ve kelime gruplarının anlaşılmasında yetersiz kalabilmektedir. “Sâye sultânı” da bu çerçevede değerlendirilebilecek bir tabirdir. Zira tabirin Osmanlıca, Farsça ve Arapça muhtelif sözlüklerde karşılığının bulunmadığı, çok az bir metin tanığına sahip olduğu ve 16. yüzyıldan sonra ise kullanımdan düştüğü tespit edilmektedir. “Sâye sultânının” geçtiği beyitlerde bağlamdan hareketle yapılacak mana belirlemeleri ile hem manası bilinmeyen bir tabirin ortaya çıkarılması hem de bu alanda hazırlanan çalışmalara katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak bine yakın dîvân ve şiir mecmuası taranmış ve “sâye sultânı” tabirinin tanıkları derlenmiştir. Devamında “sâye” kelimesinin sözlük manaları ile bazı araştırmacıların, tabirin anlamına yönelik değerlendirme ve çıkarımları tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak bağlamdan hareketle “sâye sultânı” tabirine dair bazı anlam tekliflerinde bulunulmuştur., In addition to commentary, analysis and dictionary researchs carried out for the purpose of understanding classical literary texts, studies prepared as an article and a paper about the meaning of some words and phrases provide important data on the meaning of classical poetry. These sources, which are referenced during the analysis of classical poetry, may insufficient to understand expressions that do not have meaning in dictionaries and do not have many text witnesses. “Sâye Sultânı” is also that kind of term. It is determined that the term does not have an equivalent in various dictionaries in Ottoman, Persian and Arabic, it has very few text witnesses, and it fell out of use after the 16th century. It is aimed to both reveal an unknown meaning and contribute to the past studies with the meaning determinations to be made based on the context in the couplets in which the "Sâye Sultânı" is mentioned.In this study, nearly a thousand dîvân and poetry journals were scanned and the witnesses of the phrase were compiled. Afterwards, the dictionary meanings of the word “sâye” and the evaluations of some researchers regarding the term were determined. Finally, some meaning suggestions have been made.

Nonlinear electrodynamics is known as the generalizations of Maxwell electrodynamics at strong fields and presents interesting features such as curing the classical divergences present in the linear theory when coupled to general relativity. In this paper, we consider the asymptotically flat Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole solution with higher-order magnetic correction in Einstein-nonlinear-Maxwell fields. We study the effect of the magnetic charge parameters on the black hole, viz. weak deflection angle of photons and massive particles using Gauss-bonnet theorem. Moreover, we apply the Keeton-Petters formalism to confirm our results of the weak deflection angle. Apart from vacuum, their influence in the presence of different media such as plasma and dark matter are probed as well. Finally, we examine the black hole shadow cast using the null-geodesics method and investigate its spherically in-falling thin accretion disk. Our inferences show how the magnetic charge parameter $p$ affects the other physical quantities; so, we impose some constraints on this parameter using the observations from the Event Horizon Telescope., Comment: Accepted for publication in Symmetry "Special Issue: Numerical Relativity and Gravitational Wave" (https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2054)

We introduce shadow structures for singular knot theory. Precisely, we define \emph{two} invariants of singular knots and links. First, we introduce a notion of action of a singquandle on a set to define a shadow counting invariant of singular links which generalize the classical shadow colorings of knots by quandles. We then define a shadow polynomial invariant for shadow structures. Lastly, we enhance the shadow counting invariant by combining both the shadow counting invariant and the shadow polynomial invariant. Explicit examples of computations are given., 17 pages, 11 figures. Comments are welcome

The debut novel Shadow and Bone by Leigh Bardugo promises the magical journey through the world of fictional country Ravka, which was inspired by the Russian Empire of the 1800s. In this article, I discuss three negative spaces outlined by Bardugo‟s text. These are negative spaces of Russian culture, politics and dynamics revealed by the long absence of Russian translation of the novel. Having this possible interpretation in mind, I cannot speculate that Bardugo deliberately chose to let the body of her work outline and shape the negative spaces discussed in this article. The reception potential of her work is wider and more diverse than the author intended. She tries to prune it back to the shape of her original intentions, interfering with the process of the reader‟s meaning-making. Thus, in a certain way, she pushes back against the concept of the “death of the author”. With this dichotomic process, I suggest stepping away from the author‟s intentions and tracing the subtle trends of the market, that contributed to Bardugo‟s popularity. The discussion I want to open is not whether Bardugo intended to create a book that exploits Russian culture without doing justice to it, hinting towards a New Cold War, and separating the world to the familiar poles of the West and East.