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Background: Earlier research on internet addiction (IA) in the adult population in India has concentrated on isolated prevalence surveys conducted nationwide. A systematic grasp of pooled prevalence necessitates a meta-level evaluation of all prior literature. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of IA and its correlates among adults in India. Methods: We searched EBSCOhost, PubMed, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, and ProQuest for the studies published from 1990 to 2022 and included studies using Young’s Internet Addiction Test criteria (age range 18–40 years). The authors obtained a total of 358 non-duplicate records after a thorough search, and they found 10 pertinent epidemiological studies involving 12,286 adults. Results: The pooled prevalence for mild, moderate, severe, and any level of IA was 36.33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.72%–42.13%), 18.04% (95% CI: 13.49%–23.08%), 0.88% (95% CI:0.50%–1.36%), and 58.34% (95% CI:49.34%–67.07%), respectively. The review of correlates suggested psychosocial factors like male gender, single-parent families, co-morbidities like depression, stress, anxiety, interpersonal issues, andmediating factors like loneliness. Conclusions: Based on the synthesis of findings, this review underlines the common factors of IA and emphasizes the significance of psycho-social factors in IA; thus, to promote healthy use of technology and to manage IA, a multi-modal psychotherapeutic intervention module for mental health practitioners needs to be developed in line with this review.

The removal of chrome waste (CW) has been identified as a significant environmental problem due to chromium's toxicity. This study tried to make a regenerated flexible sheet (RFS) with a leather alternative effect from chrome waste powder (CWP), cardboard waste fiber (CBWF), and protein binder (PB) fabricated by the hydraulic wet and hot press method. The prepared RFS was characterized by its High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical analysis, and biodegradation properties. The result showed the strong binding achieved with fiber/polymer membrane for RFS. In this regard, RFS with suitable mechanical properties such as tensile strength (37.54 ± 1.32 MPa), elongation at break (33.64 ± 0.52 %), flexibility (5.34 ± 0.67 %), water absorption (27.74 ± 1.56 %), and water desorption (27.46 ± 0.76 %) properties. RFS possessed the required mechanical properties for leather sheet production and it was also biodegradable. The study proves that these composites could be successfully used for the production of cost-effective leather goods and footwear production. Production of useful byproducts from waste is income generating and at the same time reduces environmental pollution and a feasible technology for waste recycling has been proved in this study.

The regional energy demand for Southern Africa has been predicted to increase by ten to fourteen times between the years 2010 and 2070. Thus, to address the proliferation of energy demand, South Africa’s integrated resource plan, which includes using renewable energy sources to increase the electricity supply and reduce the country’s carbon footprint, has been formulated. However, integrating renewable power into the power grid brings different dynamics for the system operators, as renewable power sources are variable and uncertain. Thus, accurate demand and generation forecasting become critical to the safe operation and ensuring continuity of supply, as consumers require. Due to the complexity of the earth’s atmosphere, weather forecasting uncertainty, and region-specific criteria, traditional forecasting models are limited. Thus, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and other artificial intelligence techniques are attractive possibilities for improving classical forecasting models. This study comprehensively reviewed relevant works on AI-based models for generation potential and load demand forecasting toward intelligent energy resource management and planning. The approach involved searching research databases and other sources for studies, reports, and publications on location-specific energy resource management using criteria such as demography, policy, and sociotechnical information. Consequently, the review study has highlighted how AI predictive analytics can enhance long-term energy resource potential and load forecasting toward improving electricity sector performance and promoting integrated energy system management implementation in South Africa.

ABSTRACT Gastric cancer (GC) prevalence is very high in the Asian population. Oncogenic viruses play a crucial role in the progression of different types of cancers. Through reanalysis of clinical RNA-seq data sets derived from Asian GC patients, this study identified the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in Asian GC tumors, next to the well-studied association of EBV. Clinical recruitment of the Indian GC cohort and screening for HCMV presence identified a 14.28% occurrence, similar to that observed in the bioinformatics analysis. A combinatorial approach of rank-based meta-analysis and ranking of groups based on an expectation-maximization algorithm identified that the upregulated LINC02864 and MAGEA10 correlated with poor survival of GC patients and downregulated tumor suppressor genes enriching for gastric acid secretion pathway to be associated with HCMV-positive GC patients, revealing the progressive role of HCMV infection in GC. Genes that discriminate between different stages of GC were identified through feature selection implemented in a machine-learning approach. LTF and KLK10 expressions were found to be specifically dysregulated by HCMV and can also indicate the GC stages. The results of this study will guide future studies to identify the functional role of these genes in the HCMV-associated GC.IMPORTANCENearly 75% of gastric cancer (GC) cases reported globally are from the Asian population. Most existing public databases, such as TCGA, comprise only a fractional portion of data derived from Asian ancestry. This study identified EBV and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)'s higher detection in GC patients. The presence and role of EBV associated with GC are well-known, and the observation of HCMV prompted us to validate the findings in a small cohort of 40 Indian GC patients. We observed a 14.28% occurrence of HCMV in the Indian cohort, similar to that observed from next-generation sequencing. A combinatorial approach of rank-based meta-analysis and ranking of groups based on an expectation-maximization algorithm identified that the upregulated LINC02864 and MAGEA10 correlated with poor survival of GC patients and downregulated tumor suppressor genes enriching for gastric acid secretion pathway to be associated with HCMV-positive GC patients, revealing the progressive role of HCMV infection in GC.

Introduction Ectopic pregnancy (EP) poses significant health risks, particularly in developing nations, necessitating improved diagnostic methods. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers for EP diagnosis.Methods A case–control study was conducted at the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It included 140 EP cases and 140 pregnant controls, aged 19–38 years, attending routine visits. Serum samples were analysed for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), progesterone, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) and eight microRNAs (miRs).Results Differential expression of biomarkers was observed in EP cases. Four miRs (hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-218, hsa-miR-519d and hsa-miR-873) were downregulated, and four miRs (hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-517a, hsa-miR-523 and hsa-miR-323-3p) were upregulated. Statistically significant expression fold changes were noted (p

Hazards generated during welding work are risky to human health. Knowledge of occupational health and safety (OHS) while working with different welding processes is essential. Through theoretical and empirical methods, the effects of welding hazards faced by welders in industries and the safety precautions for different welding processes are explained in this article. The welding goggle with filter shade number 10 is recommended for eye protection, particularly in industry settings for heavy-duty welding work. Most research has proven that welding hazards can lead to diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), cancer, auditory nerve failure, pulmonary oedema, lung damage, pulmonary disorders, dermatitis, renal dysfunction, and pneumoconiosis. Among the steps of the hazard control hierarchy, the “elimination” step offers an effective alternative to prevent major accidents. Controlling fumes is crucial and is discussed through ventilation and other fume extraction methods. Forced circulation ventilation (FCV) provides better performance in fume control than natural circulation ventilation (NCV) if the height from the welding room roof is less than 5 m. Air velocity should be maintained at or below 1 m/s. Adhering to international standards like OSHA, ISO, HSE Act, and ASME is beneficial to avoid or reduce hazards.

Cancer remains a multifactorial disease with an increased mortality rate around the world for the past several decades. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, lower survival rates, drug-associated side effects, and drug resistance create a need for novel anticancer agents. Ample evidence shows that imbalances in the gut microbiota are associated with the formation of cancer and its progression. Altering the gut microbiota via probiotics and their metabolites has gained attention among the research community as an alternative therapy to treat cancer. Probiotics exhibit health benefits as well as modulate the immunological and cellular responses in the host. Apart from probiotics, their secreted products like bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, peptidoglycan, and other metabolites are found to possess anticancer activity. The beneficiary role of these postbiotic compounds is widely studied for characterizing their mechanism and mode of action that reduces cancer growth. The present review mainly focuses on the postbiotic components that are employed against cancer with their reported mechanism of action. It also describes recent research works carried out so far with specific strain and anticancer activity of derived compounds both in vitro and in vivo, validating that the probiotic approach would pave an alternative way to reduce the burden of cancer.

In this research, a comparative analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) engine was conducted with two advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) techniques viz. Homogeneous charge with direct injection (HCDI) and reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI), utilizing alternative fuels diethyl ether (DEE) and ethanol. This was attempted to exhibit the promising potential of LTC based PHEV to achieve the highest efficiency and low emissions. The experimental results disclosed that DEE powered HCDI can achieve superior thermal efficiency with an impressive peak torque of 14 Nm. On the other hand, ethanol powered RCCI produced a peak torque of 17.5 Nm with remarkable emission reduction characteristics, especially CO2. It was vindicated that HCDI-PHEV outperformed the RCCI-PHEV in terms of fuel economy despite both HCDI and RCCI being lower than the conventional diesel PHEV. The NOx emissions from HCDI were almost negligible. About 20 % lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were recorded for RCCI respectively as compared to diesel (36 g/s). HCDI and RCCI showcased about 2 and 1.3 times higher soot emissions than diesel (7.12 g/s). Fuel economy was improved by 15 % and 43 % respectively under HCDI and RCCI modes over the conventional diesel mode of PHEV operation. When the PHEV was operated continuously for about 3.5 h, the battery's SOC dropped from 80 % to 45 % under diesel operation, whereas it only reached 50 % and 60 % under RCCI and HCDI mode operation. Low fuel consumption characteristics, acceptable torque production capabilities and ultralow NOx reduction potential established HCDI as the preferable choice for PHEV over RCCI.

In the present study, exosomes were successfully isolated from the conditioned medium of buffalo OECs cultured in vitro. Characterisation by nanoparticle analysis revealed that the size of the oviductal exosomes ranged between 40-150 nm. Imaging by Transmission electron microscopy showed that these exosomes exhibited circular/spherical morphology. The identity of isolated exosomes was further confirmed by analysing the expression of surface expressed tetraspannin markers (CD9, CD63, and CD81) by flow cytometry, and were found to be enriched with the tetraspannins analysed. As continuation of this work, further research to supplement the isolated oviductal exosomes to recreate the preimplantation physiological environment of the oviduct should be undertaken, thus improving in vitro culture conditions for buffalo embryos.

Summary: Background: It is unknown if early COVID-19 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy can reduce risk of Long COVID. The mAbs amubarvimab/romlusevimab were previously demonstrated to reduce risk of hospitalization/death by 79%. This study assessed the impact of amubarvimab/romlusevimab on late outcomes, including Long COVID. Methods: Non-hospitalized high-risk adults within 10 days of COVID-19 symptom onset enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial of amubarvimab/romlusevimab for COVID-19 treatment. Late symptoms, assessed using a participant-completed symptom diary, were a pre-specified exploratory endpoint. The primary outcome for this analysis was the composite of Long COVID by participant self-report (presence of COVID-19 symptoms as recorded in the diary at week 36) or hospitalization or death by week 36. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to address incomplete outcome ascertainment, giving weighted risk ratios (wRR) comparing amubarvimab/romlusevimab to placebo. Findings: Participants received amubarvimab/romlusevimab (n = 390) or placebo (n = 390) between January and July 2021. Median age was 49 years, 52% were female, 18% Black/African American, 49% Hispanic/Latino, and 9% COVID-19-vaccinated at entry. At week 36, 103 (13%) had incomplete outcome ascertainment, and 66 (17%) on amubarvimab/romlusevimab and 92 (24%) on placebo met the primary outcome (wRR = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.93). The difference was driven by fewer hospitalizations/deaths with amubarvimab/romlusevimab (4%) than placebo (13%). Among 652 participants with available diary responses, 53 (16%) on amubarvimab/romlusevimab and 44 (14%) on placebo reported presence of Long COVID. Interpretation: Amubarvimab/romlusevimab treatment, while highly effective in preventing hospitalizations/deaths, did not reduce risk of Long COVID. Additional interventions are needed to prevent Long COVID. Funding: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Amubarvimab and romlusevimab supplied by Brii Biosciences.

Due to their partial-rating power converters and dynamic performance, doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are commonly used in wind turbines (WT). However, grid-connected DFIGs are vulnerable to voltage dips, which can cause power quality concerns and possible turbine damage. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring technique for field-oriented control (FOC)-based DFIG with grid-side converter (GSC) control is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach uses real-time WT voltage and current data to dynamically alter the GSC control settings, allowing for steady operation and minimizing power quality problems during voltage dips. A 2 MW variable-speed pitch-controlled DFIG with a speed limit of 900–2000 rpm is used for performance investigation under voltage dips with crowbar protection. An IoT based monitoring system sends real-time information to a cloud server for additional analysis after detecting anomalies. The ThingSpeak cloud platform sends email notifications of defects, and an MIT App Inventor application is constructed for data visualization. The proposed strategy's effectiveness is confirmed through the simulation results.

Introduction: Swine exhibit cerebral cortex mitochondrial dysfunction and neuropathologic injury after hypoxic cardiac arrest treated with hemodynamic-directed CPR (HD-CPR) despite normal Cerebral Performance Category scores. We analyzed the temporal evolution of plasma protein biomarkers of brain injury and inflammatory cytokines, as well as cerebral cortical mitochondrial injury and neuropathology for five days following pediatric asphyxia-associated cardiac arrest treated with HD-CPR. Methods: One-month-old swine underwent asphyxia associated cardiac arrest, 10–20 min of HD-CPR (goal SBP 90 mmHg, coronary perfusion pressure 20 mmHg), and randomization to post-ROSC survival duration (24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h; n = 3 per group) with standardized post-resuscitation care. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cytokine levels were collected pre-injury and 1, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post-ROSC. Cerebral cortical tissue was assessed for: mitochondrial respirometry, mass, and dynamic proteins; oxidative injury; and neuropathology. Results: Relative to pre-arrest baseline (9.4 pg/ml [6.7–12.6]), plasma NfL was increased at all post-ROSC time points. Each sequential NfL measurement through 48 h was greater than the previous value {1 h (12.7 pg/ml [8.4–14.6], p = 0.01), 6 h (30.9 pg/ml [17.7–44.0], p = 0.0004), 24 h (59.4 pg/ml [50.8–96.1], p = 0.0003) and 48 h (85.7 pg/ml [61.9–118.7], p = 0.046)}. Plasma GFAP, inflammatory cytokines or cerebral cortical tissue measurements were not demonstrably different between time points. Conclusions: In a swine model of pediatric cardiac arrest, plasma NfL had an upward trajectory until 48 h post-ROSC after which it remained elevated through five days, suggesting it may be a sensitive marker of neurologic injury following pediatric cardiac arrest.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia syndrome (DBAS) is an inherited bone marrow failure disorder that typically presents in infancy as hypoplastic anemia and developmental abnormalities in approximately 50% of cases. DBAS is caused by haploinsufficiency in one of 24 ribosomal protein genes, with RPS19 mutations accounting for 25% of cases. We generated iPSC lines from two patients with different heterozygous RPS19 mutations (c.191T > C and c.184C > T) and isogenic lines in which the mutations were corrected by Cas9-mediated homology directed repair.

In recent years, attest to the growing prominence of sustainable buildings and the integration of advanced materials like nanomaterials in construction practices. Among these advancements, the strategic application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) alongside dispersion techniques such as surfactant agents, functionalization, and ultrasonication is pioneering. These techniques are instrumental in elevating the mechanical strength and durability of cement paste and mortar. The approach involves gradually introducing nanomaterials to create a cementitious composite, allowing for a systematic analysis of their effects on each type and determination of the optimal dosage. The influence of MWCNT with various dosage combination on rheological, mechanical and microstructural properties of ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) were investigated in this study. According to test results, the UHPC MWCNT 0.06 % mix can be considered as the best UHPC mix due to discussed specifications. The outcomes of the research demonstrate that the optimal dosage of MWCNT enhances various mechanical properties of UHPC significantly. At 28 days of curing, the addition of MWCNT resulted in improvements of 32.97 % in compressive strength, 49.72 % in split tensile strength, 40.41 % in flexural strength, and 9.09 % in dynamic modulus. The observed enhancements in mechanical properties can be attributed to the pore-filling, bridging, and densification effects of MWCNT within the calcium-silicate-hydrate structure of UHPC. Moreover, the incorporation of MWCNT facilitates the development of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly UHPC, thereby supporting sustainable construction practices.