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Background. Today, when most processes and phenomena have a periodic structure that is not always homogeneous and depends on a number of irregular events, the classical spectral analysis based on the Fourier transform does not always allow an objective and reliable investigation. A promising alternative to the classical spectral analysis can be a wavelet transform, based on a well-localized function in both time and frequency domains, which allows us to analyze irregular processes. The purpose of the research was to analyze the potentials of the wavelet transform for the analysis of the spectral characteristics of cardiological time series with some heterogeneity; to develop a software application that allows performing wavelet analysis of data and building wavelet spectra, which are illustrative and easy in interpreting the obtained results. Material and methods. 37 cardiological time series were studied. We developed an application for the application package Mathematika 5.0 that allows building and analyzing the wavelet spectra of the studied data. Results. An alternative method for analyzing the spectral characteristics of the studied cardiological time series has been developed and clearly demonstrated. It allows observing the dynamics of the change in periods over the entire observation interval without performing the interval splitting, as would be required by the classical Fourier analysis. Conclusion. For the studied groups of patients the identified periods, found with the help of the wavelet transform have been presented. The advantages of using wavelets over the classical spectral analysis, which in cases of unstable time series does not allow tracking the dynamics of the changing in the data spectrum, have been demonstrated.

There are 3-10 % cases of chronic osteomyelitis among abscessed surgical disorders. Osteomyelitis develops in 3-25 % of cases after open bone fractures and in 1-8 % of cases after closed fracture surgical treatment, along with this chronic osteomyelitis relapses happen in 20-35 % of cases, which, in turn, needs definitive treatment to the extent of abscission. Staphylococcus aureus dominates in cases of chronic osteitis. The role of proteuses, enterococcuses, bacteroids, peptococcuses and other microorganisms grows. Osteomyelitis is a type of purulent surgical infection in which a macroorganism interacts with a pathogenic microflora. The osteomyelitis clinic differs from the phase, form and pathogenetic process. There are primary and secondary (osteomyelitis, acute and chronic phase, toxic, septicopyemic and local forms. The methods of treatment of osteomyelitis are conservative and surgical, and also their combination.

Bryansk forestry is located in the north-east of the Bryansk region, in the territories of the Bryansk and Karachev administrative districts, with a total area of 62,339 hectares, including 59,219 hectares of forest, and 16593 ha of forest cultures. Forests of the forest range are classified as protective, they are used in recreational, water-protective, environmental-forming purposes, grow on sands, moraines, sandy loam, loam. Forest management in the Bryansk forestry is aimed at rational forest management and management, enhancement of the forest resource potential, protection and protection of forests, expansion and rational use of forests through the systematic implementation of a set of forest management measures, growing forests to meet the needs of the Bryansk region in wood. The climatic conditions in the area of Bryansk forestry are mainly favorable for forest-forming coniferous and deciduous species. However, in recent years, dry periods of different duration and intensity have regularly occurred, which create conditions for the occurrence of fires. Research indicators that for the period from 2003 to 2015 in the territory of the forestry there were 2039 fires, a total area of 4,499.9 hectares. Only in 2014, the damage from forest fires amounted to 17434.2 thousand rubles, while directly to extinguish fires spent 1,434.2 thousand rubles. In 2015, the main causes of fires are: the human factor - 66 fires; grass fires - 27 fires; through the fault of the railway -10; other reasons - 3 fires and others. Elimination of forest fires in the forestry is carried out by land means, while the artificial and natural fire barriers created in advance, in particular, created with the help of a tractor, aggregated by the device for laying and reconstructing mineralized strips, and fire-fighting mineralized strips, are of great help in eliminating fires. In order to improve the microclimate in the tractor cab, the authors propose to use a control pedal with a hermetic terminal. Timely detection of fire and liquidation of a fire, reduces economic, natural, technological and social damage

The effect of culture conditions on the bacterial cellulose (BC) yield synthesized by symbiotic culture Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 grown in synthetic nutrient medium was studied for the first time. The conditions providing the maximum yield of bacterial cellulose were evaluated: the initial glucose concentration in the culture medium was 20–25 g/L, the temperature was 24–27°C, the ratio of the nutrient medium to the air volume was 1: 10, and the content of the black tea extracts comprised 1.6–4.8 g/L. A sample of chemically pure BC with the following characteristics was obtained under the selected culture conditions: moisture— 99.0%, degree of polymerization—4800, average width of microfibrillar ribbons—30.6 nm, degree of crystallinity— 86%, and the content of triclinic modification Iα—98%.

Improving the efficiency of communication systems in the modern conditions of their development is one of the most urgent scientific and practical problems. Particular attention is paid to the problem of quantifying the effectiveness of the functioning of these systems, and not on individual indicators, but in a complex way, taking into account the influence of all indicators of quality on the result of the system's intended use. The purpose of the publication is to formalize the process of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the communication system and to demonstrate, by way of example, the observance of the requirements for reliability and readiness, the opportunity to streamline its evaluation activities with the calculation of probabilistic quality indicators.Evaluation of the efficiency of the communication system is a multi-criteria problem of determining the real state of various components of the quality of its functioning. The formalization of the complex estimation of efficiency is proposed, taking into account the influence on its value of separate quality indicators. Scientific novelty of the work consists in quantitative estimation of the value of the probabilistic indices of individual components and a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the functioning of the communication system in general. The results obtained should be used both in assessing the effectiveness of existing and well-founded choices for the development of promising communication systems., Повышение эфективности функционирования систем связи в современых условиях их розвитие есть одной из актуальных научно-практических проблем. Особое внимание в решении этой проблемы уделяется вопросу количественной оценки эфективности функционирования определённых систем, причём не по отдельными показателям, а комплексно с учётом влияния всех показателей качества на результат применения системы по назначению. Публикация имеет цель формализации процесса комплексной оценки ефективности системи связи и показать на примере соблюдение требований по надёжности и готовности возможности упорядочить действия по её оценке с расчётом вероятностных показателей качества.Оценка эфективности системы связи – многокритериальная задача опредиления реального состояния различных составляющих качества её функционирования. Предложеная формализация комплексной оценки ефективности с учётом влияния на её значения отдельных показателей качества. Научная новизна роботы состоит в количественной оценке значения вероятностных показателей отдельных состовляющих и комплексной оценки качества функционирования системы связи в целом. Полученые результати целесообразно использовать как во время оценки ефективности существующих, так и при обоснованому вибору варианта розвития перспективных систем связи., Підвищення ефективності функціонування систем зв’язку в сучасних умовах їх розвитку є однією з актуальних науково-практичних проблем. Особлива увага у вирішенні цієї проблеми приділяється питанням кількісного оцінювання ефективності функціонування зазначених систем, причому не за окремими показниками, а комплексно з врахуванням впливу всіх показників якості на результат використання системи за призначенням. Публікація має за мету формалізацію процесу комплексної оцінки ефективності системи зв’язку та показати на прикладі дотримання вимог до надійності та готовності можливість упорядкування дій щодо її оцінки з розрахунком імовірнісних показників якості.Оцінка ефективності системи зв’язку – багатокритеріальна задача визначення реального стану різноманітних складових якості її функціонування. Запропоновано формалізацію комплексної оцінки ефективності з урахуванням впливу на її значення окремих показників якості. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у кількісній оцінці значення імовірнісних показників окремих складових і комплексного оцінювання якості функціонування системи зв’язку в цілому. Отримані результати доцільно використовувати як під час оцінки ефективності існуючих, так і при обґрунтованому виборі варіанту розвитку перспективних систем зв’язку.

The article discusses the issues of environmental safety of the Bryansk region, pays attention to the position of the Bryansk region in the Central Federal District, the state of the industrial complex of the region, investigates the sources and pollutants of atmospheric air, water resources, considers the problem of solid waste and the impact of transport in the region on the environment, draws conclusions about the state of the environment in the region, measures to improve the ecology are recommended.

One of the ways to enhance the yield of bacterial cellulose (BC) is by using dynamic aeration and different-type bioreactors because the microbial producers are strict aerobes. But in this case, the BC quality tends to worsen. Here we have combined static culture with aeration in the biosynthesis of BC by symbiotic Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 for the first time. A new aeration method by feeding the air onto the growth medium surface is proposed herein. The culture was performed in a Binder-400 climate chamber. The study found that the air feed at a rate of 6.3 L/min allows a 25% increase in the BC yield. Moreover, this aeration mode resulted in BC samples of stable quality. The thermogravimetric and X-ray structural characteristics were retained: the crystallinity index in reflection and transmission geometries were 89% and 92%, respectively, and the allomorph Iα content was 94%. Slight decreases in the degree of polymerization (by 12.0% compared to the control―no aeration) and elastic modulus (by 12.6%) are not critical. Thus, the simple aeration by feeding the air onto the culture medium surface has turned out to be an excellent alternative to dynamic aeration. Usually, when the cultivation conditions, including the aeration ones, are changed, characteristics of the resultant BC are altered either, due to the sensitivity of individual microbial strains. In our case, the stable parameters of BC samples under variable aeration conditions are explained by the concomitant factors: the new efficient aeration method and the highly adaptive microbial producer―symbiotic Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12.

FOXN1 is the master regulatory gene of thymic epithelium development. FOXN1 deficiency leads to thymic aplasia, alopecia, and nail dystrophy, accounting for the nude/severe combined immunodeficiency (nu/SCID) phenotype in humans and mice. We identified several newborns with low levels of Tcell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and Tcell lymphopenia at birth, who carried heterozygous loss-of-function FOXN1 variants. Longitudinal analysis showed persistent Tcell lymphopenia during infancy, often associated with nail dystrophy. Adult individuals with heterozygous FOXN1 variants had in most cases normal CD4+ but lower than normal CD8+ cellcounts. We hypothesized a FOXN1 gene dosage effect on the function of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and thymopoiesis and postulated that these effects would be more prominent early in life. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed TEC subset frequency and phenotype, early thymic progenitor (ETP) cell count, and expression of FOXN1 target genes (Ccl25, Cxcl12, Dll4, Scf, Psmb11, Prss16, and Cd83) in Foxn1nu/+ (nu/+) mice and age-matched wild-type (+/+) littermate controls. Both the frequency and the absolute count of ETP were significantly reduced in nu/+ mice up to 3weeks of age. Analysis of the TEC compartment showed reduced expression of FOXN1 target genes and delayed maturation of the medullary TEC compartment in nu/+ mice. These observations establish a FOXN1 gene dosage effect on thymic function and identify FOXN1 haploinsufficiency as an important genetic determinant of Tcell lymphopenia at birth.