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Prior DNA methylation (DNA-m) analyses have identified cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, which show either a significant change or consistency during lifetime. However, the proportion of CpGs that are neither significantly different nor consistent over time (indifferent CpGs) is unknown. We investigated the methylation dynamics, both longitudinal changes and consistency, in women from preadolescence to late pregnancy using DNA-m of peripheral blood cells. Consistency of cell type-adjusted DNA-m between paired individuals was assessed by regressing CpGs of subsequent age on the prior, stability by intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.5), and changes by linear mixed models. In the first 2 transitions (10-18 years and 18 years to early pregnancy), 19.5% and 20.9% CpGs were consistent, but only 0.35% in the third transition (from early to late pregnancy). Significant changes in methylation were found in 0.7%, 5.6%, and 0% CpGs, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses of genes with significant changes in DNA-m in early pregnancy (5.6%) showed that the maternal DNA-m seems to reflect signaling pathways between the uterus and the trophoblast. The transition from early to late pregnancy showed low consistency/stability and no changes, suggesting the presence of a large proportion of indifferent CpGs in late pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chelated trace mineral mix was supplemented (Complemin MF Dry) alongwith concentrate feed of 250 g daily fed to fifty cows with prolonged anoestrus, infertility and low milk yield etc for 90 days. The incidence of anestrous and repeat breeding in cows decreased. The SGPT, SGOT and ALP in all the animals were within normal range with increased blood serum calcium and phosphorus concentration. The dietary supplementation of trace mineralsreduces the reproductive problems in dairy cattle under field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundModern environmental health research extensively focuses on outdoor air pollutants and their effects on public health. However, research on monitoring and enhancing individual indoor air quality is lacking. The field of exposomics encompasses the totality of human environmental exposures and its effects on health. A subset of this exposome deals with atmospheric exposure, termed the “atmosome.” The atmosome plays a pivotal role in health and has significant effects on DNA, metabolism, skin integrity, and lung health. ObjectiveThe aim of this work is to develop a low-cost, comprehensive measurement system for collecting and analyzing atmosomic factors. The research explores the significance of the atmosome in personalized and preventive care for public health. MethodsAn internet of things microcontroller-based system is introduced and demonstrated. The system collects real-time indoor air quality data and posts it to the cloud for immediate access. ResultsThe experimental results yield air quality measurements with an accuracy of 90% when compared with precalibrated commercial devices and demonstrate a direct correlation between lifestyle and air quality. ConclusionsQuantifying the individual atmosome is a monumental step in advancing personalized health, medical research, and epidemiological research. The 2 main goals in this work are to present the atmosome as a measurable concept and to demonstrate how to implement it using low-cost electronics. By enabling atmosome measurements at a communal scale, this work also opens up potential new directions for public health research. Researchers will now have the data to model the impact of indoor air pollutants on the health of individuals, communities, and specific demographics, leading to novel approaches for predicting and preventing diseases.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of different levels of Nanoselenium (nano-Se) on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of one hundred twenty day old straight run Nandanam broilers were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with each treatmentbeing applied to 3 replicates of 10 chicks. The 4 treatments consisted of 100% inorganic Se, as control, Nano Se at the dose rate of 75%, 50% and 25% of inorganic Se. The result demonstrated that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05)in performance due to supplementation of nano- Se at different inclusion levels when compared to inorganic Se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hereditary Breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) pertain to higher mortality and need an early diagnosis. • The whole-exome sequencing (WES), is the powerful techniques of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) delineated gene variants associated with the HBOC in the west Indian population. • The WES examination provided novel and prevalent variants in the population which could be further studied. Breast and ovarian cancers are the most common cancer types in females worldwide and in India. Patients with these cancers require an early diagnosis which is essential for better prognosis, treatment and improved patient survival. Recently, the utilization of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based screening has accelerated molecular diagnosis of various cancers. In the present study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 30 patients who had a first or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer and are tested negative for BRCA1/2 or other high and moderate-risk genes reported for HBOC. WES data from patients were analyzed and variants were called using bcftools. Functional annotation of variants and variant prioritization was performed by Exomiser. The clinical significance of variants was determined as per ACMG classification using Varsome tool. The functional analysis of genes was determined by STRING analysis and disease association was determined by open target tool. We found novel variants and gene candidates having significant association with HBOC conditions. The genes identified by exomiser (phenotype score > 0.75) are associated with various biological processes such as DNA integrity maintenance, transcription regulation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Our findings provide novel and prevalent gene variants associated with the HBOC condition in the West Indian population which could be further studied for early diagnosis and better prognosis of HBOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: There has been remarkable progress in the treatment of HIV throughout sub-Saharan Africa, but there are few data on the prevalence and overlap of other significant causes of disease in HIV endemic populations. Our aim was to identify the prevalence and overlap of infectious and non-communicable diseases in such a population in rural South Africa. Methods: We did a cross-sectional study of eligible adolescents and adults from the Africa Health Research Institute demographic surveillance area in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The participants, who were 15 years or older, were invited to participate at a mobile health camp. Medical history for HIV, tuberculosis, hypertension, and diabetes was established through a questionnaire. Blood pressure measurements, chest x-rays, and tests of blood and sputum were taken to estimate the population prevalence and geospatial distribution of HIV, active and lifetime tuberculosis, elevated blood glucose, elevated blood pressure, and combinations of these. Findings: 17 118 adolescents and adults were recruited from May 25, 2018, to Nov 28, 2019, and assessed. Overall, 52·1% (95% CI 51·3–52·9) had at least one active disease. 34·2% (33·5–34·9) had HIV, 1·4% (1·2–1·6) had active tuberculosis, 21·8% (21·2–22·4) had lifetime tuberculosis, 8·5% (8·1–8·9) had elevated blood glucose, and 23·0% (22·4–23·6) had elevated blood pressure. Appropriate treatment and optimal disease control was highest for HIV (78·1%), and lower for elevated blood pressure (42·5%), active tuberculosis (29·6%), and elevated blood glucose (7·1%). Disease prevalence differed notably by sex, across age groups, and geospatially: men had a higher prevalence of active and lifetime tuberculosis, whereas women had a substantially high prevalence of HIV at 30–49 years and an increasing prevalence of multiple and poorly controlled non-communicable diseases when older than 50 years. Interpretation: We found a convergence of infectious and non-communicable disease epidemics in a rural South African population, with HIV well treated relative to all other diseases, but tuberculosis, elevated blood glucose, and elevated blood pressure poorly diagnosed and treated. A public health response that expands the successes of the HIV testing and treatment programme to provide multidisease care targeted to specific populations is required to optimise health in such settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Funding: Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the South African Department of Science and Innovation, South African Medical Research Council, and South African Population Research Infrastructure Network. Translation: For the isiZulu translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.