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This paper suggests a method for measuring the degree of interference that takes place in the speech of bilingual subjects. The technique is adapted from previous studies on the reception of speech in noise and is used in the first instance to measure interference at the phonic level. Various types of interference are examined and measured in a pilot experiment.

(1971). Jamaican English—A Report of a Pilot Experiment in Remedial English Teaching through Role-Playing and Dialogues. Caribbean Quarterly: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 25-35.

A brief description is made of the title pilot experiment which was carried out in the Eastern Po Valley and evaluated using hourly values of daily visibility at some selected points in the area. Relatively small amounts of condensation nuclei dispersed both upwind from a fog-bound airport, or within its limits, were found to produce results encouraging a large scale experimentation.

In this pilot experiment some new tests for conservation of quantity were devised. The experimental group given these tests was able to make correct judgements, while a control group, matched for age and intelligence, failed to show conservation of quantity in the standard tests used by Piaget. The difference between the tests was analysed, and some factors emerged which, it is suggested, can serve to facilitate the child's performance.

Celastrus paniculata (c. multiflora and c. mutans) is a large climbing shrub found in the hilly districts of India, Burma and Ceylon. The seeds, leaves and an oil extracted by distillation are used in Ayurvedic medicine and are believed to increase intelligence. The Sanskrit name Jyotishmati or “light-bringer” is an allusion to this reputed property. Other members of the family Celastraceae, notably Gymnosporia deflexa Sprague and Catha edulis Forsk, are favoured by the natives of Africa as mental stimulants (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijck, 1932).

Research on the structure of molecules by X-ray diffraction analysis requires large single crystals. However, the dynamic behavior of proteins caused by their high molecular weight prevents the growth of large single crystals if this process is disturbed by thermal convection. For example, protein single crystals grown under terrestrial (1 g) conditions are limited to dimensions in the order of 0.1 mm, whereas the size of crystals, grown under (quasi) space conditions has been 5 times larger (pilot experiment CRYOSTAT, Spacelab). Under EURECA conditions (e.g. no microgravity disturbances), the result in regularity of crystal growth and size is expected to be much better. In this paper an overview is given of the protein crystallization facility which includes Experiment-, Service- and Secondary Cooling Module, and its interfaces to the EURECA Carrier. At the end, there will be presented a short mission profile concerning cooling-, power- and data exchange requirements.

This is a report of a pilot experiment, which took place at the AFGL site in Sudbury, MA. This experiment was concerned with the testing and operation of a 94 GHz radar to be used in a project devoted to the study of stratiform rain characteristics and evolution. Some of the data collected during the test are presented. The main experiment involving several radars operating at different wavelengths is scheduled to take place in November 1987 at the same site.

The present work sets out to demonstrate a method of evaluating a pilot study of nursing-team organization. The research, which was begun in March 1984, is being carried out in a 26-bed medical ward in a general hospital in Florence.

This paper describes research (which is in its early stages) to investigate the best way of designing an interactive problem-solving computer system for people who are not programmers. The research is empirical and involves subjects solving problems on a representative system. Features of interest (which will become experimental treatments) include the means of sign-on and sign-off, the means of communication with the non-programmer, the process of matching a user with the appropriate package, the execution of such packages, and enhancements to such packages. This paper concludes with a description of a pilot experiment using a prototype system in which subjects with written documentation and those with no documentation at all were more productive than subjects with online system documentation. No performance differences were found in the factors of information display and single vs. multiple response capabilities.

In the final stages of operating the Windscale Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (WAGR) a series of fuel element experiments were planned to simulate certain transient faults such as loss-of-flow of coolant, or reactivity insertion accidents. The associated peak clad temperature excursions were expected to be in the order of 1350°C, and above the values where adequately reliable readings would be obtainable from the type K(1) couples normally used in WAGR to measure fuel cladding temperatures. Nicrosil-nisil thermocouples were specified and used successfully in two fuel element transient experiments. A pilot experiment was also operated for a few months in the WAGR core to investigate any irradiation-induced drift of the couples. They were also checked against Pt/Pt-Rh in a furnace.

This document describes the scientific program and field plan for operation GUIDING LIGHT, the pilot field experiment for the NORDA project Chemical Dynamics in Ocean Frontal Areas. The study area for GUIDING LIGHT is the western North Atlantic Ocean off the eastern coast of the United States. The operation will be conducted from 18 April to 10 May 1985. The fronts to be examined during this pilot experiment are the Gulf Stream front and shelf-slope front off New England. GUIDING LIGHT will employ rapid sampling and analytical capabilities to measure chemical-biological-physical variations in surface waters at these frontal boundaries, Both shipboard and remotely sensed observations will be made. The field operation will be conducted from one ship (USNS BARTLETT), three aircraft, and the space shuttle (STS 51-B). Participates in GUIDING LIGHT include investigators from the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, University of California, Texas A & M University, Old Dominion University, Florida State University, University of Southern Mississippi, and the University of Texas.

A pilot study is described in which the exposed pulps of molar teeth of normal laboratory rats were capped with various metallic compounds in general medical usage. There appeared to be no relationship between the response obtained and the pH of the compounds studied. Aluminum powder, aluminum hydroxide, Aludrox, aluminum oxide, light magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and titanium dioxide gave poor results. Barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cupric oxide, ferric oxide, heavy magnesium oxide, and stannic oxide merited more detailed study.

A new detector for network control of road traffic was developed as a national project of MITI in Japan. This is an imaging detector for the on-line operation which provides area measurement of traffic. The main parts of the detector are composed of a lens system and pairs of photoelectric elements. The detector is designed to measure the spatial distribution of vehicle velocities in the detection area 3.1m x 300m. To test the equipment and to investigate possible advantages for traffic control, an installation was made on Route 15 in Tokyo. The pilot experiment was carried from March in 1978 to September in 1980. This paper describes the results of this experiment. Concluding remarks are as follows. (1) The detector has stably and correctly worked for 719 days under the maintenance-free condition. (2) The maximum error in measuring vehicle velocities is ±3 km/h and the relative error is less than +6 %. (3) As the new area detection capability, the detector is able to estimate the vehicle density in the detection area.

The Action Programmes on the Environment of the European Community include in their aims the harmonisation of measuring methods and instruments so as to render results of pollution measurements in the Community comparable. The European Commission has pursued this aim for NO X measurement by convening expert group meetings leading to a continuing programme of harmonisation experiments. A pilot experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of low concentration nitric oxide in nitrogen pressure cylinder pre-mixtures as a quick and relatively inexpensive method of estimating the range of measurement accuracy and precision between nine laboratories. Additionally, a mobile standards laboratory was successfully used to provide an inter-calibration of a smaller number of laboratories with high precision. The results indicated that between laboratories an accuracy range of ±10% could be achieved with an individual measurement precision of between ±5 and ±10 ppb. In preparation for a full Community experiment studies of primary standard management and measurement error assessment have been undertaken. In planning a full-scale Community harmonisation experiment the features of pressure cylinder samples and the mobile standard laboratory will be combined to give a measure of inter-laboratory performance within a practical time period and budget.

In the late spring and early summer of 1964 it became obvious that greater facility in the computing system was required if time-sharing techniques were to move from the state of an interesting pilot experiment into that of a useful prototype for remote access computer systems. Investigation proved computers that were immediately available could not be adapted readily to meet the difficult set of requirements time-sharing places on any machine. However, there was one system that appeared to be extendible into what was desired. This machine was the General Electric 635. The 635 is a single address stored program computer with a word length of 36 bits. It possessed many of the characteristics that were deemed necessary for the application of a computer to time-sharing. The three most important characteristics are:1. A clean and comprehensive order code,2. a multiprocessor capability, and3. nonsynchronous design.

The analysis of the results of the preliminary experimental program has been pursued with emphasis on the visible radiation from vacuum gaps. The results are consistent with both thermal and transition radiation phenomena. The 320 kv system has been assembled and the components necessary for the pilot experiment checked out, viz. the vacuum chamber, the bakeout system, the high voltage generator and control unit, the feedthrough bushing and the electrodes support and adjustment mechanism. Fabrication has been initiated on the other components such as the magnetic field coils, power supply for same and the energy storage system. Much useful information and technology was gained from the solving of the problems encountered. The design of the pilot two-level partial factorial experiment was slightly modified to lessen the confustion of bakeout with other interactions. As many as possible of the prebreakdown phenomena will be monitored continuously in order to describe completely the vacuum gap and the electrode surfaces during this experiment. (Author)

Among the interesting questions related to tongue-twisters is the question how fast syllables of different types can be repeated. A simple pilot experiment with strings of open syllables such as [tatata...], [stastasta...], [strastrastra ...] was carried out. Differences in the results are interpreted as being due to individual differences in motor skills and to differences in the phonetic material of the syllables. Two simple mathematical models are derived to predict the data. The last model predicts repetition rate from assumed inherent durational values of the consonants involved. A correction factor (K) is established to compensate for the difference between observed and predicted values. This factor seems to depend on difficulties in co-ordinating articulatory movements. Finally, some hypotheses and speculations concerning the connection between the results and the phonological structure of languages are advanced.

This article intends to present the first results of a long-term research project, which will result in developing a validated model of a pedestrian for the simulation of crash tests involving tram fronts and, where applicable, the fronts of other urban rail vehicles. The current phase of research includes results of the pilot experiment with a crash-test dummy, and these results supplement the results from simulations, thus demonstrating how important it is to pay special attention to the individual stages of a collision event and how important the localisation of and moulding by an individual tram's front panels are for the nature of the monitored stages. In the first stage, inertia of individual body segments plays a significant role, with the primary contact taking place between the tram's bumper and dummy's thigh. The dummy subsequently " takes the shape" of the tram's front with progressive bumps to shoulders and head following. At that moment, the tram brakes, and the dummy begins to disentangle from the front panel. The friction force between the dummy's soles and the surface of the rail track is very significant for the nature of this second stage of the collision event .The dummy then hits the ground. It is an accelerated fall, and under the given conditions, it is the stage that has the most devastating impact on the dummy. The simulation made shows the way to modify this dangerous stage to be less harmful to a pedestrian involved in a tram collision.

The linear plasma device PSI-2 serves as a pilot experiment for the development of components, operational regimes and control systems for the linear plasma device JULE-PSI, which will be located in the nuclear environment allowing studies of radioactive and toxic samples. PSI-2 is also used for fusion reactor relevant plasma-material interaction studies. This contribution describes the PSI-2 layout and parameters and summarizes the recent scientific and technical progress in the project, including the installation of a target station for the sample manipulation and analyses.

In Swedish forestry, reliable forest parameters are needed for both short and long term planning. The traditional methods used for acquiring forest data at reasonable accuracy are very expensive and labour intensive. Therefore, new cost-effective methods for data collection must be used to meet the requirements being imposed on timber supplies and environment conservation. Based on promising results obtained earlier in relating VHF SAR data to forest stand parameters a pilot project has been defined. The objective is to develop a fully integrated system for retrieval of forest parameters using VHF SAR images. A representative data set covering 625 km/sup 2/ of predominantly conifer-forested terrain was collected with the CARABAS-II sensor in November 2000 as an initial step.

A silicon sensor for the measurement of the flow velocity and thickness of a flouling biofilm was designed and fabricated. Using micro-machining in silicon, small and thermally-insulated sensor areas could be constructed. A physical model was worked out showing that with a double-chip method, both flow velocity and biofilm thickness can be measured. Experiments showed that this method gave a smaller accuracy in thickness measurements compared to a single-chip method at constant flow velocity. The accuracy in thickness measurement was ±0.5 for the single-chip method at ±3.5 μm for the double-chip method. The accuracy in flow velocity measurement decreased at increased film thickness, from about ±10% of the measured value at zero film thickness to about ±30% of the measured value at 20μm film thickness. A pilot experiment studying biofilm development in sea water over a period of 48 days is also presented.

Two field experiments to study atmospheric and land surface processes and their interactions are summarized. The Hydrologic-Atmospheric Pilot Experiment, which tested techniques for measuring evaporation, soil moisture storage, and runoff at scales of about 100 km, was conducted over a 100 X 100 km area in France from mid-1985 to early 1987. The first International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Program field experiment was conducted in 1987 to develop and use relationships between current satellite measurements and hydrologic, climatic, and biophysical variables at the earth's surface and to validate these relationships with ground truth. This experiment also validated surface parameterization methods for simulation models that describe surface processes from the scale of vegetation leaves up to scales appropriate to satellite remote sensing.