Search

The environment determines the way in which people interpret social life. In fact, depending on the context, multiple potential attitudes can be evoked by an attitude object. The purpose of this research is to test whether the perception of uncivil behavior and its perpetrators is affected by the physical environment in which this behavior is framed. Specifically, we explore the role of two environmental dimensions – naturalness and openness – in the way we evaluate behaviors that transgress social norms and their agents. In a pilot study, participants (N = 124) considered counter-normative behaviors to be more uncivil and their perpetrators to be less human in natural contexts. In the main study, participants (N = 199) evaluated the naturalness and openness dimensions separately and it was found that naturalness is the one that most influences the negative perception of uncivil behavior and the only one that has an effect on the dehumanization process. The results of this research support the idea that the physical environment plays an important role in the perception of uncivil behavior and the dehumanized view of its agent. The importance of the results within the fields of deviant behavior, social psychology, and environmental psychology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its foundation in 2010, the annual philosophy thematic edition of this journal has been a forum for authors from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds, enabling contributors to raise questions of an urgent and fundamental nature regarding the most pressing problems facing the delivery and organization of healthcare. Authors have successfully exposed and challenged underlying assumptions that framed professional and policy discourse in diverse areas, generating productive and insightful dialogue regarding the relationship between evidence, value, clinical research and practice. These lively debates continue in this thematic edition, which includes a special section on stigma, shame and respect in healthcare. Authors address the problems with identifying and overcoming stigma in the clinic, interactional, structural and phenomenological accounts of stigma and the 'stigma‐shame nexus'. Papers examine the lived experience of discreditation, discrimination and degradation in a range of contexts, from the labour room to mental healthcare and the treatment of 'deviancy' and 'looked‐after children'. Authors raise challenging questions about the development of our uses of language in the context of care, and the relationship between stigma, disrespect and important analyses of power asymmetry and epistemic injustice. The relationship between respect, autonomy and personhood is explored with reference to contributions from an important conference series, which includes analyses of shame in the context of medically unexplained illness, humour, humiliation and obstetric violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant proportion of somatic symptoms remain, at present, medically unexplained. These symptoms are common, can affect any part of the body, and can result in a wide range of outcomes—from a minor, transient inconvenience to severe, chronic disability—but medical testing reveals no observable pathology. This paper explores two first‐person accounts of so‐called 'medically unexplained' illness: one that is published in a memoir, and the other produced during a semi‐structured interview. Both texts are revelatory for their expression of shame in the context of encountering disrespect from healthcare professionals. The first section of my paper, clinical encounters, explores disrespect which, I argue, takes three interconnecting forms in these texts: disrespect for pain when it is seen as 'medically unexplained', disrespect for the patient's account of her own pain, and disrespect for the patient herself. The second section elucidates the shame that occurs as an affective and embodied consequence of encountering such disrespect. I claim that patients living with so‐called 'medically unexplained' illnesses suffer a double burden. They endure both somatic and social suffering—not only their symptoms, but also disrespectful, traumatic and shame‐inducing experiences of healthcare systems. I conclude with a reflection on the urgent need for changes in clinical training that could improve the quality of life for these patients, even in the absence of an explanation, treatment or cure for their symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, there has been an increased academic interest revolving around the beneficial or pernicious effects of ideological extremity and (uncivil) political discussion over democracy. For instance, citizens' ideological predispositions and higher levels of political discussion have been linked with a more active and vibrant political life. In fact, ideological extremity and uncivil discussion foster institutionalized political engagement. However, less explored in the literature remains whether such polarization and uncivil discussions may be related to unlawful political behavior such as illegal protest. This study contends that one of the main drivers of illegal protest behavior lies in online uncivil political discussion, specifically through the normalization and activation of further incivility. We tested this through a two-wave panel data drawn from a diverse US sample and cross-sectional, lagged, and autoregressive regression models. Mediation analysis was also conducted to test whether uncivil online discussion mediated the relationship between frequency of online political discussion and illegal protest engagement. Overall, we found that illegal protest was particularly associated with online uncivil discussion, while ideological extremity and other forms of online and offline discussions seemed to have no effect on unlawful protest over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing from transactional stress and conservation of resource theories, this study untangles the relationship between power outage, patient incivility, job stress and proactive service performance. Further, this study also explores the mediating role of patient incivility and job stress. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire-based survey was used, and data were collected from 275 healthcare professionals working in various public hospitals in Pakistan through convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) via Smart PLS was used for data analysis. Findings: Results revealed that power outage has significant positive impact on patient incivility and patient incivility has significant direct effect on job stress. Job stress has significant negative relationship with proactive service performance. Findings also confirmed that patient incivility mediates the relationship between power outage and job stress, and job stress mediates the relationship between patient incivility and proactive service performance. Practical implications: This study helps the health administrators to think about the service standards of the public hospitals. Implications of this study are not limited to health sector. This study is useful for other service sectors where performance of employee affected by power outage. In addition to this, the current research helps to conduct research in other developing and underdeveloped countries which also face the problem of power outage. Originality/value: This study marks the first step toward establishing power outage as an organizational behavior construct by demonstrating that power outage impacts significantly on proactive service performance. This study also explored the relationship between job stress and proactive service performance which was also not explored before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Group decision-making can be placed on a continuum of group dynamics, between Groupthink and Polythink. Objective: To present a new assessment tool for the characterization of medical teams' decision-making group dynamics, and test it to study the effects of exposure to rudeness on various types of group dynamics. Methods: Three judges who watched videotapes of critical care simulations evaluated 24 neonatal intensive care unit teams' decision-making processes. Teams were rated using the new assessment tool, especially designed for this quantitative study, based on items adapted from symptoms of Polythink and Groupthink. Results: Measures of reliability, inter-rater agreement and internal consistency, were reasonably good. Confirmatory factor analysis refined the tool and verified that the symptoms in each category (Polythink or Groupthink) of the refined 14 items' assessment tool were indeed measures of the construct. The average General Score was in the range of the balanced dynamic on the continuum, and without tendency towards one of the extremities (Groupthink or Polythink). No significant effect of exposure to rudeness on group dynamics was found. Conclusions: This is a first attempt at using quantitative methods to evaluate decision-making group dynamics in medicine, by adapting symptoms of Groupthink and Polythink as items in a structured assessment tool. It suggests a new approach to understanding decision-making processes of medical teams. The assessment tool seems to be a promising, feasible and reasonably reliable research tool to be further studied in medicine and other disciplines engaged in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between workplace incivility and psychological distress among nurses has been well-documented in the nursing literature. Management practices to reduce the negative impact are less clear. This study aimed to examine perceived servant leadership as a moderator between workplace incivility and psychological distress among nurses in Chinese hospitals. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted between September and October 2020. We recruited 1,604 nurses from 13 Chinese hospitals across different regions in China ranging from 18 to 55 years in age (M = 28.48 years, SD = 6.53 years). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that workplace incivility (β = 0.40, p <.001) and perceived servant leadership (β = −0.13, p <.001), as well as their interaction (β = −0.11, p =.002), predicted nurses' psychological distress. Perceived servant leadership moderates the relationship between workplace incivility and psychological distress. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Servant leaders can create an ethical work climate, display empathy and compassion, and facilitate resilience. Our findings can assist hospital management with support from occupational health providers to recruit, train, and assess nursing supervisors. Also, occupational health providers in collaboration with nursing administration can monitor incivility, psychological distress, servant leadership levels, and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has indicated that academic entitlement can serve as a barrier between students and the benefits of a university education. As entitled students function as consumers and externalize responsibility for their learning outcomes, they risk lower grades and anti-intellectualism attitudes. This study explored how academic entitlement can be damaging to the student via engagement and social interaction deficits, as well as to faculty and the university at large through a lack of civility and appropriate classroom behaviors. One hundred ninety-seven undergraduate students completed scales on academic entitlement, student and schoolwork engagement, social adjustment to college, emotion regulation, plagiarism attitudes, classroom citizenship, and classroom incivility behaviors. Increased academic entitlement was associated with decreased engagement in and out of the classroom; poor social adjustment to university; poor academic emotion regulation strategies; a lack of appropriate classroom behaviors; and a greater acceptance of plagiarism, academic dishonesty, and incivility. Future research exploring how academic entitlement decreases university affiliation, commitment, and retention is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human needs consist of five levels, which are: physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. All these needs lead to human behavior. If the environment of a person is positive, healthy behavior is developed. However, if the environment of the person is not healthy, it can be reflected in his/her behavior. Machines are intelligent enough to mimic human intelligence by using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. In the modern era, people tend to post their everyday life events on social media in the form of comments, pictures, videos, etc. Therefore, social media is a significant way of knowing certain behaviors of people such as abusive, aggressive, frustrated and offensive behaviors. Behavior detection by crawling the social media profile of a person is a crucial and important idea. The challenge of behavior detection can be sorted out by applying social media forensics on social media profiles, which involves NLP and deep learning techniques. This paper is based on the study of state of the art work on behavior detection, and based on the research, a model is proposed for behavior detection. The proposed model outperformed with an F1 score of 87% in the unigram + bigram class, and in the bigram + trigram class, it gave an F1 score of 88% when compared with models applied on state of the art work. This study is a great benefit to cybercrime and cyber-security agencies in shortlisting the profiles containing certain behaviors to prevent crimes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on work incivility has been abundant while that on family incivility is still in infancy stage. The current research attempts to bridge this gap. Using Ten Brummelhuis and Bakker's (2012) Work-Home Resources model (W-HR model), this study tested the role of active coping and self-efficacy in moderating the impact of family incivility on work engagement mediated through family-work enrichment. Data from 478 university faculty in different educational institutions across India tend to suggest that active coping and self-efficacy assist this sample in negating the negative impact of family incivility on work engagement through family-work enrichment. The mediated relationship between family incivility, family-work enrichment and work engagement was found to be stronger for those respondents with the dual resources of active coping and self - efficacy. The study found significant support for core propositions of the W-HR model and puts forward both theoretical and several practical implications. Future directions are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civility is formed by social norms that guide our behavior and allow us to interact appropriately with others. These norms affect everyone and are learned through the socialization process. However, in the same process, people also learn gender norms that dictate how men and women should behave, leading to gender stereotypes and differentiated behavioral characteristics. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between gender and civility, and how we react to those who behave uncivilly given their gender. The results of Study 1 (N = 153) showed that even in a fictional and gender-neutral society, uncivil behaviors were associated with stereotypically masculine characteristics, and those who behaved uncivilly were dehumanized. In Study 2 (N = 144), gender differences were observed in incivility. Women were harsher when facing uncivil transgressors than men, especially if the transgressor was another woman. Our findings support the notion that gender norms are applied to civility, leading those supposedly equal social norms to unequal perceptions and evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The South African public antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme is considered one of the largest and most successful ART programmes worldwide. Hence, a study exploring the patients' experiences of the public antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in the second decade of the programme is relevant as no study has been published on patients' experiences at these sites. Objectives: To explore patients' experiences of care in the public ART programme at four ARV clinics within the eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal. Method: A mixed-methods study design with 12 in-depth patient interviews, non-participatory observation, and a stratified random sample of 400 patients completed questionnaires. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. Quantitative data were analysed using a SPSS 24 package to determine frequencies and differences in patients' responses (p < 0.05). The socio-ecological model framed the study. Results: All 412 patients reported valuing the provision of free ARVs. Patients' positive experiences included: routine blood results mostly being available, most staff greeted patients, there were sufficient nurses, patients were satisfied with the time that they spent with doctors, clean clinics, and private and safe counselling areas. The negative experiences included: poor relationships with nurses, negative staff attitudes, disrespectful staff, information was lacking, inadequate counselling at times, varying and inflexible appointments, challenges with data capture and registration systems; varying ARV collection frequencies, routine health tests and processes per site, and the absence of patient committees and representatives. Conclusion: The results reflected positive and negative experiences which varied between the facilities, as processes and systems differed at each site. Innovative patient-centred processes and programmes could be implemented to ensure patients have mostly positive experiences. As part of continuous improvement, patients' experiences should be regularly explored to ensure that the ART programme meets their needs and expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative campaigning is a central concept in political communication research. However, most conceptualizations of the term are rather broad, summarizing all kinds of negativity such as substantial criticism and offensive behaviors. In this paper, we distinguish negative, dirty, and positive campaigning. While negative campaigning refers to critical, civil, and non-disrespectful arguments, dirty campaigning, by contrast, is defined as "below-the-belt" attacks including incivility and unfair campaign methods. In a two-wave Austrian national election panel study, we tested the reciprocal effects of perceived negative, dirty, and positive campaigning on distrust in politicians. Using auto-regressive models, we found that perceived dirty campaigning positively predicted distrust in politicians over time. Furthermore, distrust in politicians led to increased perceptions of dirty campaigning over time, suggesting a reciprocal relationship. However, perceived negative and positive campaigning were unrelated to distrust in politicians. Theoretical and methodological implications of distinguishing negative, dirty, and positive campaigning are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse effects of events experienced by nursing students as harmful during nursing school have included moral distress, prolonged grief reactions, secondary traumatic stress, and anxiety and depression during nursing school. Nursing student perceptions of potential sources of trauma exposure also known as potentially traumatic events (PTEs) during nursing school are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to describe nursing students' perceptions of potential sources of trauma exposure during nursing school at one private school of nursing. Four online, synchronous focus groups with undergraduate nursing students were conducted in April 2020. Four themes emerged from analysis of focus group transcripts related to potential sources of trauma exposure: Individual‐oriented interpersonal sources, nursing student‐oriented interpersonal sources, nursing student‐oriented institutional and organizational sources, and individual‐oriented community sources. Participants focused on nursing student‐oriented, interpersonal, and institutional and organizational potential sources of trauma exposure, while minimizing individual‐oriented, community, and macro‐level potential sources of student trauma exposure during nursing school. Findings advance discussions of organizational, systems, and community PTEs in nursing education. Trauma‐informed educational and healthcare systems that promote the academic and career success of nursing students should be considered in PTE prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some patients experience negative interactions with health care providers, such as when they perceive that their concerns are ignored by providers. The present study, guided by patient-centered communication, examined health care provider communication behaviors that resulted in patients feeling dismissed, and whether there were differences in providers who dismissed being perceived as (dis)similar to the patients in gender, race/ethnicity, or age. U.S. adults claiming they felt dismissed by a provider were asked to recall demographic information they perceived about the provider and what the provider said that was dismissive. Responses were coded for emergent themes. Results revealed that younger, female, and non-White participants most frequently reported being dismissed by a dissimilar provider. Patients felt dismissed when they perceived that providers were rude or did not take action, provided poor information, did not believe patients, rushed the visit, or were uninformed. Providers may want to avoid these behaviors and could consider obtaining training in supportive communication behaviors such as providing validation to patients and listening to patients in order to enhance patient satisfaction. Patients can also receive communication training to take a more active role in their medical encounters by learning to effectively ask questions, express preferences, and speak up for themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital information settings may not only offer an opportunity structure for democratic deliberation, but also facilitate the occurrence of negative phenomena – such as incivility, hate speech and false information. Even though extant literature has provided theoretical arguments for a discursive affinity between false or deceptive information and uncivil speech, we lack empirical evidence on whether and how false information and incivility converge. Against this backdrop, we rely on an extensive content analysis of fact-checked statements in the US (N = 894) to assess to what extent and how different forms of incivility are present in different degrees of false information. Our main findings illustrate that partisan attacks, negativity, and hate speech are most likely to occur in false information that deviates furthest from reality. These findings help us to dissect different degrees of untruthfulness based on their content features: Disinformation (goal-directed deception) may be distinguished from misinformation (unintentionally misleading content) based on the centrality of hostility, partisan attacks, and hate speech in the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: For many, the sole source for news content is social media, where passionate opinions are posted at an alarming speed. These opinions can cross the line from differing opinions shared in a public forum onto uncivil dialogue and even hate speech. Such online discourse threatens democratic values and creates a hostile environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine such incivility using the case of four congresswomen known as "The Squad". Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a content analysis examining 20,563 replies to tweets sent by the four congresswomen. The social media data analysis and library, Brandwatch, was used to aggregate tweets posted by the four representatives, as well as all the replies posted to these tweets. The replies were coded to understand the types of incivility against each of the four congresswomen, whether the topics of a tweet can predict the types of incivility received in response, and the impact of Trump's tweet against the congresswomen. Findings: The study findings show that the majority of replies contained uncivil language. The most common types of incivility are related to name-calling, stereotypes, threats to individual rights and vulgarity. Tweets about immigration and the Muslim ban, as well as tweets with negative tones received more replies. Following Donald Trump's Twitter attack on the representatives, replies to the congresswomen's tweets almost doubled. Mainly two types of incivility were observed to have increased significantly – the use of stereotypes and threats to individual rights. Originality/value: The study examines incivility on Twitter against four black, indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) congresswomen as an exploratory case to observe and understand the growing phenomenon of uncivil language which feeds a polarized society and threatens democratic values. "The Squad" is more than an isosteric case study. It captures key changes in American politics. In the context of democratic discourse, the attack by the former president on these congresswomen and the response on social media address key issues of gender, religion and race in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversation argument theory is used to analyze seven online discussions of colorism, a form of skin tone prejudice. Discussants' comments (N = 587) expressed ad hominem acts (17%), reasoning activities (59%) and delimitors (e.g., addressed objections, 37%). Unlike general forums confrontation-initiated forums had more ad hominem acts. Posts with compared to posts without ad hominem acts had fewer reasoning activities and delimitors. General colorism forums were the most civil and developed, findings that have implications for designing online forums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to investigate the experiences and insights of nurse educators in order to acquire a better understanding of the nature and various factors associated with workplace violence, which could lead to the establishment of future actions and recommendations to eliminate or reduce aggression, abuse, incivility and any other forms of violence in the health sector. Background: Workplace violence is one of the social phenomena that have not been fully explored in various settings such as educational institutions and health care facilities. A worker who has experienced violence could provide valuable insights that could help to better understand and sustainably protect an individual, a group or an organization from workplace violence and its unfavourable consequences. Methods: Qualitative description is used in this phenomenological study. A total of 18 nurse educators who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled as the study participants in a government university located in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling method was used in the recruitment. In addition, a semi‐structured interview guide was employed to explore the participants' experiences and insights from February to June 2021. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's methods, and a consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist was utilized to report the study's results. Results: The participants' narratives generated three major themes, namely, the 'Triple‐A': (1) 'acquaint', (2) 'analyse' and (3) 'act', to better understand workplace violence themes. Conclusion: The 'Triple‐A: Acquaint, analyse, and act' workplace violence themes can serve as a simple guide to better understand the nature and different factors associated with workplace violence: 'acquaint' illustrates self‐awareness; 'analyse' pertains to the recognition to possible indications and signals; and 'act' depicts an individual's proactiveness and responsiveness to workplace violence and conceivably catalyses the decrease of this social hazard's prevalence. Implication for Nursing Management: Leaders and managers in the nursing field should prioritize their participation in developing creative strategies and their implementation of policies to manage and mitigate violence in the workplace, such as initiating ongoing education (acquaint), creating robust procedures for reporting and referral (analyse), establishing support networks, listening to victims' experiences and promoting respect to individual differences (act). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To identify the associations of workplace incivility, engagement and fatigue among Chinese female nurses, and further explore whether engagement can play a mediating role. Background: Nurses are at a high risk of fatigue. However, no research has been done to examine the associations among nurses' workplace incivility, engagement and fatigue. Methods: The cross‐sectional study was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. Self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to 1200 female nurses, including The Fatigue Scale, Workplace Incivility Scale, Gallup Workplace Questionnaire and demographic variables. Valid responses were obtained from 1035 (86.3%) of participants. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the associations among workplace incivility, engagement and fatigue. Results: The mean fatigue score was 6.54 ± 3.07. Workplace incivility and engagement were related to fatigue (P <.01). Engagement partly mediated the association between workplace incivility and fatigue (a*b = 0.086, bias‐corrected 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.059, 0.116; P <.01), and the proportion of the mediating effect accounted for by engagement was 33.0%. Conclusion: Chinese female nurses suffered from high level of fatigue. The improvement of female nurses' engagement may be helpful to alleviate the impact of workplace incivility on fatigue. Implications for Nursing Management: Managers should reduce workplace incivility of female nurses by promoting engagement to reduce fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study investigated the adverse effects of daily experienced incivility and the positive role of daily social support during the workday in predicting daily emotional exhaustion after work and vitality and positive affect at bedtime. Background: Despite the broad knowledge of the impact of experienced incivility in different occupations, little is known about day‐to‐day nurse incivility, much less in the hospital context. Method: After completing a general questionnaire, hospital nurses (n = 96) completed a diary questionnaire twice a day for five consecutive workdays (n = 480 diary observations). The diary design had two levels: 5‐day repeated measures (Level 1, day level) nested in persons (Level 2, person level) using an experience‐sampling methodology. Results: Multilevel hierarchical analyses showed that incivility during the workday increased emotional exhaustion after work (t = 3.00, p = <0.05) and reduced vitality (t = −2.48, p = 0.05) and positive affect (t = −2.23, p = 0.05) at bedtime. However, daily social support during the workday was a crucial job resource that directly benefited hospital nurses' daily wellbeing (t = 5.19, p = 0.01 vitality; t = 4.89, p = 0.01 positive affect) and buffered the adverse effects of daily workplace incivility (t = −2.33, p = 0.05). Conclusion: The within‐person approach of our findings suggests that supportive practices can reduce day‐to‐day incivility spirals. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers can promote a civility culture within their units using in service training programmes at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between turnover intention and related constructs in an abusive supervision climate. Background: An abusive supervision climate is a work environment that is affected by the negative attitudes of an abusive supervisor. Method: The constructs are chosen in light of upper echelons theory and social learning theory. The snowball sampling method is used to reach the participants, and 230 nurses working in Turkish hospitals participated in this survey that measured abusive supervision, workplace incivility and ostracism. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple and hierarchical linear regression analyses are carried out. Results: The results suggested that abusive supervision, workplace incivility and workplace bullying have a positive effect on turnover intention as hypothesized. Abusive supervision has a significant and positive effect on workplace incivility and workplace bullying. The partial mediating effects of workplace bullying, workplace incivility and workplace ostracism on the relationship between abusive supervision and turnover intention are also confirmed. Conclusion: The significant relationships and the nonsignificant relationship provided evidence for an abusive supervision climate. Implications for Nursing Management: Top managers of the health care facilities should attempt to determine the abusive supervisors to manage the work environment and turnover intention of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to explore faculty‐to‐faculty incivility in university nursing programmes and to identify the perceptions of faculty regarding the reasons and solutions for incivility. Background: Incivility is a fundamental problem in nursing educational settings. Methods: This cross‐sectional and analytic study comprised 330 faculty members from different schools of nursing in Turkey. A personal information form and the 12‐item Incivility Scale were used to collect data. The data were analysed by using descriptive analysis, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests, Spearman's correlation test, linear regression tests and thematic analysis. Results: Faculty and research assistants who were single and holding master's degrees perceived high incivility (p <.05). There was also a significant, mildly negative relationship between age and incivility scores (r = −0.236). A strict hierarchical structure was revealed to also be a reason for incivility (p <.05). Conclusion: Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of the solutions for faculty‐to‐faculty incivility. Implications for Nursing Management: This study can guide administrators regarding the causes and solutions of incivility within academic environments. By implementing strategies to increase awareness, administrators can become positive role models for faculty, providing a respectful and fair work environment to prevent incivility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the detrimental effects of incivility in the workplace, relatively little research examines peer-level incivility in social work education. Incivility literature from multiple countries has established that within the academy, individuals' bad behaviors coupled with nonexistent, weak, and inconsistent institutional policies as causes of the problem. This study analyzes qualitative data (n = 164) drawn from a larger survey (n = 243) collected from faculty members in social work education programs in the United States. The study explores personal experiences with incivility among social work faculty. In addition to the professional and personal impact of workplace incivility, three other themes emerge from these data: a discussion on how incivility occurs, the causes of incivility, and the role power and hierarchies have in supporting environments where these behaviors thrive. This study finds that incivility within social work education has negative long-term outcomes with implications for future job prospects, hiring decisions, and tenure and promotion. These data also confirm that consequences of microaggressions in the workplace are as harmful as overt acts of incivility. The study concludes with opportunities for leaders in social work education to identify and address individual behaviors while also assessing and addressing institutional oversight and response systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the impact of outsider incivility on customer-contact employees' well-being has been welldocumented, victim incivility toward emergency workers is still understudied. This is partly due to the lack of context-specific incivility instruments. Thus, this study aimed to provide a preliminary Italian version of the Victim Incivility Scale (Sliter & Boyd, 2015). To this end, the factor structure of the Italian scale was checked through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses involving 304 firefighters and emergency health workers. The EFA revealed a single-factor structure, which was confirmed by the CFA. Partial scalar invariance between occupations was found. Victim incivility was positively associated with burnout and psycho-physical malaise and negatively related to job satisfaction. Women and less experienced workers reported greater victim incivility. The Italian version of the Victim Incivility Scale is a context-specific reliable instrument to evaluate emergency workers' perceptions of victim incivility readily usable by both researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main task of mental health care services is to provide good quality of care. Despite this, users are sometimes treated badly by staff. The purpose of this study was to investigate violations and infringements towards users in mental health care services, from the perspectives of both staff and users. Data were gathered through an anonymous online questionnaire sent to staff and users in Norway. Staff were recruited in collaboration with professional organisations and users in collaboration with user-organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a healthcare setting, a multitude of ethical and moral challenges are often present when patients and families direct uncivil behavior toward clinicians and staff. These negative interactions may elicit strong social and emotional reactions among staff, other patients, and visitors; and they may impede the normal functioning of an institution. Ethics Committees and Clinical Ethics Consultation Services (CECSs) can meaningfully contribute to organizational efforts to effectively manage incivility through two distinct, yet inter-related channels. First, given their responsibility to promote a humane, respectful, and professional climate, many CECSs and Ethics Committees may assist institutional leadership in evaluating and monitoring incivility policies and procedures. Second, when confronted with individual incidents of patient/family incivility, Ethics Consultants can and often do work with all stakeholders to address and mitigate potentially deleterious impacts. This manuscript presents an overview of the multifaceted ethical implications of incivility in the healthcare environment, discusses the inherent qualifications of Ethics Consultants for assisting in the management of incivility, and proposes specific mitigating actions within the purview of CECSs and Ethics Committees. We also invite healthcare organizations to harness the skills and reputation of their CECSs and Ethics Committees in confronting incivility through comprehensive policies, procedures, and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Because of the nature of their work, frontline service employees are highly exposed to customer incivility (CI) and are required to perform surface acting (SA) in such circumstances. Both CI and SA have detrimental impact to a sustainable workforce. This study aims to investigate the psychological effects of CI and SA on emotional exhaustion (EE), organizational commitment (OC) and work–family conflict (WFC). Design/methodology/approach: Data from 203 respondents who successfully completed the questionnaire is used for the analysis. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping were performed to investigate the relationship among variables. Findings: The study found that both CI and SA are positively related to EE. EE is negatively related to OC and positively related to WFC. EE was engaged as a mediator between CI and OC, and between CI and WFC. EE also served as a mediator between SA and OC, and between SA and WFC. Originality/value: The findings advanced our knowledge of the impact of CI and SA on EE, OC and WFC. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model based on the Incivility Spiral model for identifying the factors of workplace incivility of nurses and determining if incivility evolve to bullying. Methods: The data were collected from nurses working at 9 hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Changwon, and Busan province from July 1 to August 15, 2019, using structured questionnaires. Finally, the data from 274 nurses were analyzed. Results: The goodness-of-fit of the hypothetical model was at a good level and 10 out of 13 hypotheses were supported. The workplace incivility was both directly and indirectly affected by anger tendency, leadership of head nurses, and communication competence and directly affected by civility culture. Each of the variables affecting workplace incivility was also found to be a significant factor indirectly affecting workplace bullying and workplace incivility was a factor directly affected on workplace bullying. The variables in this study accounted for 57% of workplace incivility and 65% of workplace bullying. Conclusion: In order to prevent workplace bullying, it is important to initially manage workplace incivility, and for this, clear standards and policies for workplace incivility should be prepared and utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was designed to construct and test a structural equation model of nurses' experience of workplace incivility based on the model of the Affective Events Theory. Methods: A total of 299 nurses from five general hospitals responded to structured questionnaires measuring personality traits (emotionality and agreeableness), structural empowerment, workplace incivility experience, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Results: The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the data: χ²/df=1.88, GFI=.93, CFI=.95, NFI=.91, TLI=.94, SRMR=.03, RMSEA=.05. Structural empowerment had an effect on the experience of workplace incivility among nurses, but the influence of personality was not significant. Workplace incivility had significant direct effects on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. The experience of workplace incivility mediates the impact of structural empowerment on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Conclusion: Structural empowerment in nursing unit can reduce nurses' experience of workplace incivility and emotional exhaustion and increase their job satisfaction. At the same time, nurses' experience of workplace incivility can increase their emotional exhaustion and decrease job satisfaction. This suggests that nurse managers should consider enhancing structural empowerment and develop programs or activities to improve it and manage workplace inciviltiy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of English as a Lingua Franca is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Al-Aalami is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports that Paul Claudel can be judged severely from this letter. Topics include examines he well recognizes the sorrow caused; but, according to common maxims, it would no doubt have been better simply to ask forgiveness for his rudeness, rather than burdening it with a routine, superficial Claudel a dreadful Claudel in whom he would refuse to recognize himself, by a process which would not be exempt from cowardice.

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem, yet residents undergo little formal training and assessment in obesity-related care. Given the recent growth of telehealth, physicians must further learn to apply these skills using a virtual platform. Therefore, we aimed to develop an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with reliable checklists to assess resident ability to take a patient-centered obesity-focused history that was feasible over telehealth based on published obesity competencies for medical education. Methods: We developed a 15-minute telehealth OSCE to simulate an obesity-related encounter for residents modified from a script used to assess medical student obesity competencies. We designed three checklists to assess resident skills in history taking, communication and professionalism during the obesity-related encounter. Resident performance was assessed as the percentage of obesity-related history taking questions asked during the encounter and as the mean communication and professionalism scores on a scale of 1 through 5 with 1 representing unacceptable/offensive behavior and 5 representing excellent skills. Encounters and assessments were completed by two commissioned actors (standardized patients) and 26 internal medicine residents over a secure online platform. We assessed the reliability of each checklist by calculating the percent agreement between standardized patients and the kappa (κ) statistic on each checklist overall and by each checklist item. Results: Overall agreement between standardized patients on the history taking, communication and professionalism checklists were 83.2% (κ = 0.63), 99.5% (κ = 0.72) and 97.8% (κ =0.44), respectively. On average, residents asked 64.8% of questions on the history taking checklist and scored 3.8 and 3.9 out of 5 on the communication and professionalism checklists, respectively. Conclusions: Results from this pilot study suggest that our telehealth obesity OSCE and checklists are moderately reliable for assessing key obesity competencies among residents on a virtual platform. Integrating obesity OSCEs and other educational interventions into residency curricula are needed to improve resident ability to take an obesity-focused history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on impoliteness is witnessing an increasing interest in recipients' understanding of impoliteness, shifting from the speaker 'causing offence' to the listener 'taking offence'. Although taking offence can be productively theorised as a pragmatic act which is invariably situated with respect to particular activity types, relatively few studies have explored the role of third parties in framing the taking of offence in conflict mediation contexts. Based on data from Chinese mediation between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law, this study addresses this gap by exploring how offence can be taken and rationalized on behalf of others through third-party mediation in the Chinese family context. Examination of mediation discourse indicates that mediators often deploy 'vicarious accounts' in their remedial work through which they exercise agency in holding the mothers-in-law less accountable for their offensive acts. Mediators' rationalisation of mother-in-law's offensive behavior is shown to be motivated by two Chinese culture-specific moral codes—filial piety (xiao 孝) and 'harmony is paramount' (he wei gui 和为贵). These findings have important implications for understanding the interrelationship between impoliteness and taking offence, mediation and morality. • Mother-in-law/daughter-in-law conflict mediation is examined. • Offence can be taken and rationalized on behalf of others through mediator's vicarious accounts. • Mediators exercise agency in holding the mothers-in-law less accountable for their offensive acts. • Rationalization of impoliteness is underpinned by Chinese culture-specific moral codes.. • The study contributes to our understanding of the interconnection between impoliteness, mediation and morality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the views and experiences of nurse academics about their professional work life. Design: A qualitative exploratory interview study. Methods: Data were collected during 2018/2019 using a semi‐structured interview method with 19 experienced academic nurses from a range of academic levels in Australia. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using a narrative approach. Ethics approval was granted by the relevant University Human Research Ethics Committee. Results: Participants provided detailed insights into the type of daily job stressors they faced. They shared narratives about their personal job experiences and how, at times, they chose to remain silent to maintain a cordial working relationship with some of their senior colleagues and leaders. The main themes were identified included a lack of work–life balance, incivility towards staff, increasing workloads and inequitable distribution, lack of recognition, negative workplace culture, lack of awareness of the importance of political astuteness and lack of leadership skills. Conclusion: To ensure a sustainable academic nursing workforce and provide a clearer understanding of job stress and what contributes to faculty decision to leave, areas of priority and strategies that needed attention were identified. These included effective mentoring of less‐experienced staff and leadership styles that promote greater inclusiveness, being heard, valued and recognized, improved work–life balance and the need to have a sense of belonging. Impact The study explored the job experiences of nurse academics and identified occupational stressors that directly influenced their daily work life. The findings have global implications for the recruitment and sustainability of nurse academics. This also impacts on their professional and work–life balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on user comments has found that incivility in online discussions affect readers' attitudes, feelings, and their willingness to participate in discussions. Yet the extent to which users encounter these comments in their daily routine is largely unknown. On social network sites, the number of interactions with comments, particularly the Likes and replies they receive, determines their visibility and, therefore, their potential impact on users. The study argues that the presence of rationality, personal incivility, and anti-democratic incivility in comments is related to the number of interactions that comments receive. The results of a content analysis of 2,241 comments below 499 news posts on Facebook largely support this assumption, revealing a positive association between comment rationality and the number of interactions, but also between personal incivility and interactions. Anti-democratic incivility is positively associated only with the number of replies to a comment but not with the number of Likes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on incivility in political communication usually defines uncivil communication as a violation of established norms. Few studies, however, have specified these norms and corroborated them using relevant theoretical concepts. This article aims at strengthening the foundations of incivility research by analytically reconstructing the potential normative expectations of communication participants toward the behavior of others in offline and online political communication. We propose that these expectations can be considered as communication norms, which enable cooperative communication in political debates and conflicts. We use action theory, evolutionary anthropology, and linguistics to propose a norm concept that differentiates five communication norms: an information norm, a modality norm, a process norm, a relation norm, and a context norm. Drawing on these norms, we propose new definitions of incivility and civility. We also provide a comprehensive typology of norm violations that can be used as a heuristic for empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)