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Infectious mononucleosis is associated with suppression of lymphocyte apoptosis and accumulation of cells with chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood. The type and severity of these aberrations do not depend on the etiological variant of infection and patient age. At the same time in 3-6-year-old children with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus we observed activation of DNA repair system in lymphoid cells.

The mixture of the sexual steroids: estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was injected to the female rats at prepuberty. This hormonal combination has been established to accelerate the different stages of the female rats' puberty--the vaginal opening and first ovulation. The puberty was accompanied with an increase in the estrogen level in the blood and a reduce of the relation between testosterone and E2. The stimulating effect of the hormonal combination on the ovarian folliculogenesis was observed and post-ovulatory corpus luteum were found in the experimental rats. We suggest that DHT blocked overripening the ovarian follicles at estrogenizating, and E2 reduces the negative effect of DHT on the hypophysis. The steroid combination (E2 + DHT) is effective for stimulating female puberty.

The female rats at a prepubertal period were introduced to the restored 5 alpha-androgens, namely: 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) or 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol) in the dose of 5 mg/100 g. Both DHT and 3 alpha-diol have been determined to induce the vaginal opening as the initial stage of puberty. Stimulation of the puberty in those rats was followed with an activation of both endocrine and generative functions of the ovaries. DHT inhibited the gonadotrophic activity of the hypophysis that delayed the ovulation as the final stage of puberty. The DHT metabolite 3 alpha-diol hastened the first ovulation, while 3 beta-diol did not influence the pace of the puberty. The stimulating effect of DHT at the initial stage of the pubescence in the female rats has been suggested to be due to its conversion into 3 alpha-diol which is likely to be one of the key factors in the pubescence control in rats.

Antiviral and interferon inducing activity of the amixine and its some derivatives, as well as their influence on the proteolytic enzymes activity, monooxygenase activity of the microsomal fraction, level of the lipids peroxidation were studied. Lack of correlation between antiviral and interferon inducing activity in the investigated series of compounds was found. Vice versa, the good correlation between interferon inducing activity and the elastase-like activities inhibition ability of the compounds was observed. It allows to state the assumption, that only one ability of compounds to induce of an interferon doesn't suffice for obtaining of high titres of interferon, and while their rather high antiproteolitic activity is necessary. It's shown, that except for one compound the influence of amixine and its derivatives on the red-ox enzymes activity well correlates with their ability to the interferon-inducing. All presented above allows to attribute amixine and its derivatives to polymodal antiviral agents.

We performed chromosomal analysis and micronucleus test of peripheral blood lymphocytes during infectious mononucleosis. The content of lymphocytes with structural chromosome aberrations and micronuclei increased in patients with pronounced clinical and hematological signs of infectious mononucleosis (acute stage). There were cells with changed number of chromosomes. These cytogenetic abnormalities persisted both during convalescence and in the delayed period after recovery.

In experiment on rats injected with aromatase inhibitor or with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) it has been revealed that increase of androgens level in blood stimulates ovarial folliculogenesis on its early stages. DHT as compared with testosterone accelerates small follicles growth more effectively. Androgens, particularly DHT (7 mkg/100 g), suppress preovarial follicules maturing and turn them into atretic ones. Suppressing of ovarial functional activity delays or blockages the first ovulation during rats puberty.

Nine bis-acridine derivatives have been synthesized in search of structures with antiviral properties. Synthesis of target compounds was provided by a standard peptide-like coupling procedure using aliphatic diamines and protected amino acids following protective group removing and acridinylation by means of 9-methoxyacridine. Two out of nine compounds tested demonstrate high protective activity of Vero cells against HSV infection. Antiviral activity was observed only for compounds containing a pentamethylene fragment as a linker. The alanyl-containing derivative was less active than those containing valyl- and phenylalanyl. Most of synthesized compounds were less toxic than N,N'-bis-(acridinyl) hexamethylenediamine.

In the female rats it has been estimated the initial (vaginal opening) and final (the establishment of the positive feedback and ovulation) stages of the sexual maturation are in most cases separated by time and regulated by different testosterone metabolites. The considerable decrease of testosterone and its biotransformation to 5 alpha-reduced androgens are necessary for induction of initial puberty stage. Duration between the beginning and the ending of the pubertogenesis depends on the way of the testosterone metabolism. The transformation of testosterone to 5 alpha-reduced androgen stimulates the vaginal opening, but enlarges the time of the first ovulation. The activation of testosterone aromatization promotes to the shortening of the time interval or even the temporal coincidence of the initial and final puberty stages.

Various correlations of testosterone metabolites during puberty were modulated in female rats. It has been fixed that estrogenes stimulate female pubescence only under conditions of non-aromatized androgenes availability in organism. Role of estrogenes in first-stage puberty (vagina opening) consists in activation of fermentative (5a-reductive) system which realises testosterone biotransformation into 5 alpha-reduced androgenes. Being dependent on the dose estrogenes shorten the period between initial and final (establishing positive feed-back way in ovaries-hypophysis system) puberty stages, hasten the first ovulation.

The effect of vegetable (peach kernel) oil on the somatic development and puberty of female rats was studied. The oil was injected (0.2 ml) once intramuscularly into the prepuberty (aged 35 days) or (at the age of 31-35 days) five times. The oil inhibited dose-dependently the somatic development of the rats before puberty. It inhibited the ovarian endocrine function, significantly delayed the initial (opening of the vagina) and terminal (ovulation) stages of puberty or suppressed it completely (in 30% of cases).

25 cases of advanced stomach carcinoma were studied immunomorphologically with the use of the antibodies panel to the carcinoembryonic antigen and meconian antigen B1, collagen types IV, I and III, laminin, Ki-67, P-105, factor VIII. Secretory and proliferative activity of tumor cells was shown unrelated to histological structure and degree of tumor differentiation. The more was proliferative activity the weaker was the secretory function. Formation of the basal membrane (BM), the degree of collagen formation and angiogenesis in the tubular adenocarcinoma did not depend on the differentiation level and the degree of tumor cells secretory activity. On the contrary, carcinoid component was characterized by pronounced angiogenesis and tendency to correlation between the degree of differentiation and the degree of BM formation. Stomach carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors whose various morphological features may have an independent prognostic value.

Mammary carcinoma (MC) of various histological structure are studied immunomorphologically. Positive reaction with proliferative cells nuclear antigen (PCNA) oncoprotein cerbB-2, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), trophoblastic beta 1 globulin (TBG) and tissue protein ferritin (Fe) was observed in one third, and with cyprein in half of MC cases. Clear-cut dependence of immunomorphological parameters upon histologic structure and degree of malignancy was not established. An increase of PCNA content with the tumor size increase was observed. There is a tendency to more frequent observation of CEA, Fe, TBG in the presence of the lymph nodes metastases. Most unfavourable for the prognosis are combinations of positive reactions of CEA with TBG, CEA with OCNA, CEA with cerbB-2 as well as PCNA, cerbB-2, CEA.

In Wistar rats after swimming for 3 h, the glycogen level remained low in the liver during a period of 7 h. When sucrose was administered immediately after exercise, the liver glycogen content increased rapidly. From the 3rd to the 5th postexercise hour a secondary reduction was observed in hepatic glycogen. Sucrose administration inhibited the reduction of the blood glucose concentration which increased during exercise. However, 7 h after exercise, a slight hypoglycemia occurred in sucrose-treated rats. Administration of sucrose as a bolus immediately after exercise does not ensure a complete refilling of the hepatic glycogen store.

Experiments on Wistar rats were designed to study the effect of exercise on urea production in the liver of intact and adrenalectomized rats. The urea production rate was assessed by the 14C-urea content in liver tissue after administration of NaH14CO3. In intact rats swimming caused increases in 14C-urea content in the liver compared to the resting concentrations in intact control rats: by 45% after 30 min of swimming carrying an additional load of 10% body mass by, 35% after 3 h of swimming without an additional load and by 103% after 10 h of swimming. Concentrations of urea in liver and blood were elevated simultaneously. The specific activity of 14C-urea did not change significantly as a result of the exercise performed. In adrenalectomized rats the basal rate of urea production was reduced by an insignificant amount, but swimming for 3 h resulted in a decrease in liver 14C-urea (by 24%). The results confirmed the exercise-induced increase in urea production and indicated as essential role for adrenal hormones in this response.

In order to evaluate the participation of glucocorticoids in the control of glycogen metabolism during exercise, experiments were performed on male adrenalectomized and normal rats. In adrenalectomized rats swimming for 4 hours induced less pronounced increases in lactate concentrations in skeletal muscles than in normal rats (in FG fibers up to 10.7 +/- 1.0 vs 14.8 +/- 1.2 and in SO fibers up to 9.1 +/- 0.7 vs 12.5 +/- 0.7 mg x g-1 wet tissue). The glycogen drop in liver and oxidative muscles was also less pronounced (in liver by 14% vs 52%, in SO fibers by 33% vs 54% in normal rats). Swimming until exhaustion led to an extremely low glucose level in blood (1.89 +/- 0.12 mMol x L-1) in adrenalectomized rats. When they were treated with dexamethasone, the swimming duration was longer (12 +/- 1 hours vs 9 +/- 0.8 hours in saline treated), blood glucose level at exhaustion was higher (3.07 +/- 0.23 mMol x L-1) and the drop of hepatic and muscle glycogen was more pronounced. In normal rats hepatic glycogen content dropped by 68% after swimming for 4 hours. After swimming for 8 or 12 hours further decreases in hepatic glycogen content were insignificant. High levels of corticosterone in blood was found after swimming for 4 and 8 hours. After swimming for 16 hours corticosterone concentration was below normal and a new drop in liver glycogen (until a level constituting only 11% initial) was recorded. The results support the suggestion that glucocorticoids, regulate hepatic glycogen and peripheral glucose utilization during exercise, and also participate in the control of glycogenolysis in muscles.

The influence of a single dose of different plant oils on the rat estrous cycle and fertility was studied. The ovary function activity was ascertained to be inhibited by soybean, peachy or buckthorn oil injection which resulted in the prolongation of the estrous cycle and its phase destruction. The administration of oil provoked temporal fecundation retain (corn, soybean, sunflower-seed or peachy oils) and decreased the number of pregnant animals (peachy, olive or sunflower-seed oils). The number of the ovary corpus luteum, placentas and living fetus in the uterus were declined, and embryonic death was increased in females after peachy, corn, sunflower-seed, soybean, castor or buckthorn oil feeding. It is concluded that vegetable oils depress ovarian folliculogenesis and have not only anti-implantative, but abortive effects to a greater or lesser extent.

To evaluate glucocorticoid participation in the control of alanine metabolism during exercise, experiments were performed on adrenalectomized and normal male rats. The adrenal insufficiency prevented the rises induced by 3 h of swimming in alanine levels of blood plasma, red portion of quadriceps, and liver. In normal rats, the rise in alanine content by 65% in blood, 50% in fast-twitch oxidative fibers, and 93% in liver was associated with increased activity of alanine aminotransferase in fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibers (by 23%). In adrenalectomized rats, enzyme activity during exercise did not change in muscles and decreased in hepatic tissue (by 25%). The dependence of exercise-induced changes in alanine aminotransferase activity on glucocorticoids was confirmed by an increased enzyme activity (by 53%) in exercised adrenalectomized rats treated with 125 micrograms corticosterone. In normal rats, training prevented both the rise of blood corticosterone and the activation of hepatic alanine aminotransferase during exercise. The results support the view that the stimulation of the glucose-alanine cycle by glucocorticoids promotes alanine supply and utilization in liver during exercise. In adrenalectomized rats, hepatic arginase activity was decreased during exercise and no elevation of urea levels was found in blood, liver, or skeletal muscles. Consequently, the use of products of the deamination of alanine (and other amino acids) for urea formation also depends on glucocorticoids.

Morphology of the neuroendocrine stomach tumours, including carcinoid tumours (CT) and so-called carcinoids of complex structure is studied (189 tumours of patients operated in the Institute), 164 tumours are studied using routine histological methods including Grimelius methods. Immunophenotyping with the use of antibodies to VIII type keratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, meconial intestinal antigen B1MA, Factor VIII, IV-type collagen and laminin were performed in 25 cases. Neuroendocrine carcinomas represented a group of 86 tumours (45.5%), 28 (14.4%) of them were carcinoid tumours and 58 (30.7%)--complex carcinoids. Among CT, moderately differentiated tumours predominated (18), 4 tumours were poorly differentiated and there was a combination of structures in 6 tumours. The conclusion is made that neuroendocrine stomach carcinomas are epithelial tumours with a complex functional differentiation manifesting in different types of secretion: neuroendocrine and non-endocrine characteristic of stomach epithelium.

Reflexo-ovulating rabbits appeared to have oestrous and ovarian 11-12-day cycles. The condition of external sexual organs revealed the hormonal status and ovarian folliculogenesis, being an adequate index of the cycle stage. No release of preovulatory gonadotropin or spontaneous ovulation occurred in natural oestrus due, probably, to inadequate production of the pituitary gonadotropins and to low progesterone level in the blood during oestrus.

The morbidity was studied of 3000 preschool children born and inhabiting the territory of six Rovno Province districts belonging to the "Western trail" of the Chernobyl accident. It was found that the children born in 1986-1987 showed a 1.5-3 times increase of the morbidity as compared with the pre-accident period.

Morphological assessment of two samples of monoclonal antibodies (mcAB) to gamma-unit of neurospecific human enolase (NSE) is performed. It is established that mcABs interact in the tissue sections with neurons of the brain and spinal cord, gangliocytes of the central and peripheral nervous system this proving their specificity. 56 cases of lung carcinoma are studied using these mcABs; endocrine carcinoma was found in 11 cases, nonendocrine--in 45 cases. Neuroendocrine differentiation is revealed in 8 of 45 cases of non-small cell carcinoma; in all observations of small cell carcinoma NSE was found.

Twenty-one of the forty-two patients with osteomyelitis developing after a combined maxillofacial and craniocerebral injury were administered thymogen, an immunocorrective drug, as a component of combined therapy; immunologic indications for the prescription of such an agent were present in all these patients. Depressed T-cellular immunity was the principal disorder of the immunologic reactivity of this patient population; they also developed elevated counts of NK cells and increased interleukin synthesis by the macrophages, this reflecting a high activity of inflammation. Thymogen therapy was conducive to normalization of the immunologic and nonspecific reactivity and enhanced the treatment efficacy on the whole.

Using the preparation method, roentgenoangiography by means of contrast lead mass and polychromic injection of the coronary vessels, vascularization of the interventricular septum (IVS) and the septal papillary muscles (SPM) has been studied on 49 preparations of human hearts (age 19-89) The data are presented on distribution pattern of the IVS and SPM of the coronary arteries branches at various types of the cardiac blood supply. Angioarchitectonics of the IVS is described along its whole length. Topographic peculiarities of the SPM blood supply on dependence of their position on the IVS are noted.

Forty-three patients with traumatic osteomyelitis developing after combined maxillofacial and craniocerebral injuries and thirty normal subjects were examined. Immunologic findings permit distinguishing two groups of patients: those with marked disorders of the T cellular immunity (reduced T helper and Tx counts, interleukin-2 synthesis, and Tx/T suppressor coefficient) and without such shifts. The therapy of patients without manifest immunity shifts was generally effective whereas in those with marked immunity disorders the therapy efficacy was inadequate and the immunity disorders persisted.

Altogether 225 patients with transitory derangements of cerebral circulation (TDCC) underwent clinico-laboratory examinations. Arterial hypertension and cerebral atherosclerosis turned out to be among most frequently occurring factors of TDCC. The provoking factors included psychoemotional stress and drops of barometric pressure. The course and outcome of TDCC were greatly affected by an increase in blood concentration of catecholamines and thyroid hormones. The high concentration of triiodothyronine in the blood contributed to the development of cerebral stroke.

The article provides research data on the age-related peculiarities of morbidity and reviews issues pertaining to the quality of medical services for the older age groups of workers including the rational use of drug therapy. Specified are the requirements of this particular age group in special medical care. A major aspect in the improvement of health care for workers beyond forty lies in substantial geriatric training of shop physicians.

Modifying effects of widely used immunomodulator tylorone on lipid peroxidation and the state of antioxidant system were studied under conditions of normal state as well as in subacute poisoning with carbon monooxide. Multiple effects of tylorone on these reactions were found in various tissues. The drug increased content of reduced glutathione in liver tissue, while amount of the substance was decreased in kidney and heart muscle. Content of diene conjugates and of SH-groups in blood, content of ascorbate in adrenal glands and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver tissue were found to decrease. After administration of tylorone alterations of the most patterns studied under hypoxic conditions were similar to those of normal state. At the same time, the oppositely directed alterations were detected in content of reduced glutathione in heart muscle and in activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver tissue under conditions of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Electron microscopic examinations of pleomorphic adenoma tissue showed epithelial and myoepithelial cell elements to take part in morphogenesis of both epithelial and "mesenchymal" zones. The epithelial component of pleomorphic adenoma is represented by cells showing signs of structural-functional differentiation of the squamous epithelium,, epithelium of terminal secretory parts of the salivary gland, and myoepithelial cells. The "mesenchymal" component is also represented by myoepithelial and epithelial cells. Differences in the structure of the epithelial and "mesenchymal" components are due to the pattern of arrangement and the functional status of the cells rather than to the set of the cell forms. A slow growth of the tumor and the marked functional activity of myoepithelial cells result in the accumulation of the substance of basal membranes released into the intercellular space, separation of the cells and degenerative changes in them. The results of ultrastructural examinations confirm the theory of the epithelial genesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. In this connection it sould be acknowledged that the term "mixed tumor" does not relate the essence of this neoplasia because the point at issue is a tumor of epithelial nature, whereas the term "pleomorphic adenoma" recommended by the WHO is more acceptable and emphasized the epithelial origin and heterogeneity of the cell composition and structures of the tumor.

Ewing's tumor is a rare malignant neoplasm of the bone the histogenesis of which still remains obscure. The present study was aimed at the electron microscopic determination of the structural characteristics of the neoplasm' cell elements. Tumor tissue from 4 patients operated on elements. Tumor tissue from 4 patients operated on at the Cancer Research Centre of the USSR AMS was examined. The methodical approach was modified in this study: with due account to the zonal distribution of organelles in tumor cells of the bone, 100 preparations from one block were examined in the electron microscope. The tumor cell elements were shown to be predominantly forms of low differentiation. Detailed examinations revealed signs of structural-functional differentiation of the cells mostly indicative of the angiogenic nature of Ewing's tumor.

The functional state of the thyroid gland was studied in 160 patients with different forms of disturbed cerebral circulation. The observations included studies of the iodine content and its fractions in the blood serum and a scanning of the thyroid gland. The author established the significance of thyroid gland dysfunction in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disease and cerebro-vascular insufficiency. In patients with hypertensive crises these studies detected the existence of a hyperthyroid syndrome. It was also found that in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency accompanied by thyroid gland dysfunctions the clinical picture becomes more aggravated.

Ten desmoids are examined electron-microscopically and by the fluorescent antibody method. The cells with the ultrastructural signs of myofibroblasts are found in tumours. Immunomorphologically these cells were found to contain cytoplasmic myosin occurring in the cells of both muscular and non-muscular origin. The structural myosin of smooth muscle cells was not detected in these elements. The above cells are considered to be the modification of fibroblasts which have no relation to the smooth muscle cells. Non-homogeneity of myofibroblast population is noted.

The immune system state was studied before and after administration of tilorone (an immunologic adjuvant) to guinea pigs with synestrol-induced glandular hyperplasia of endometrium. The total amount of T- and B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes with receptors to the Fc-fragment of IgM and IgG, the content of immune complexes were determined. Immune and nonimmune adherence of neutrophils was investigated as well. It was established that the total amount of T-lymphocytes decreased and the quantity of T-lymphocytes and immune complexes increased with the development of glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium. The tilorone administration normalized the structure of endometrium and T-lymphocyte immune controlling system.

The distribution of keratins 8 and 17 and of vimentin in 28 normal human mammary tissue samples, 16 benign tumors, 26 fibrocytic diseases and 52 malignant breast tumors have been studied using monoclonal antibodies HI, E3 and NT30, respectively. Three cell populations in normal mammary epithelium have been identified: luminal epithelium containing keratin 8, myoepithelium of the lobular structures positive for vimentin, and myoepithelium of extralobular ducts positive for keratin 17. In different kinds of benign tumor and dysplastic proliferation a mosaic of cells with all normal phenotypes has been observed. The majority of cells co-expressed keratins 8 and 17 or vimentin. In the overwhelming majority of carcinomas, cells did not contain myoepithelial markers (keratin 17 and vimentin) but expressed only keratin 8 specific to normal luminal epithelium.

In groups of male Wistar rats, blood level, urinary excretion of urea, and renal urea clearance were determined in resting conditions or during 48-60 h after swimming for 30 min with an additional load of 10% of body weight as well as after swimming for 3 or 10 h without additional load. Both types of swimming exercise caused a significant increase in the blood level, urinary excretion, and renal clearance of urea. After 10-h swimming, the increase of renal urea clearance was observed only from the second period (0-12 h) of urine collection. In this type of exercise, an elevation of blood level of corticosterone was obtained after 6-h restitution. The increased urinary excretion and renal urea clearance persisted for a longer time than was necessary for the normalization of the blood level. A significant rise in blood urea level and a drop in renal urea clearance occurred after adrenalectomy. In adrenalectomized rats, increased urea excretion and renal clearance were observed 12-24 h after 3-h swimming, but the level of renal clearance obtained in sedentary normal rats was not achieved. The blood level of urea did not increase. This suggested that the glucocorticoids play a role both in urea formation during exercise and in its elevated renal clearance after exercise.

The authors review the results of a comparative study of 25 mammary carcinomas, examined by the immunohistochemical method (IHM) with the use of ER-D5 monoclonal antibodies (Amersham) and by the cytosol receptor protein binding of a labeled ligand followed by the unbound hormone adsorption on dexteran-coated coal (DCM). Pap test with the above antibodies has been employed in immunohistochemical studies. The IHM has been highly specific. The results coincided in 21 of the 25 cases (83.3%). The reaction has been heterogenous in the same tumor. Quantitative values obtained by the two methods coincided in many cases. The IHM may have a wide practical application, provided the reagents are available, for it does not require sophisticated equipment and is simple to perform.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against two basement membrane glycoproteins, laminin and entactin. The specificity of the antibodies and the absence of cross-reactivity were established by radio-immunoprecipitation of mouse ascites teratocarcinoma cell lysates. This teratocarcinoma, TB24, formed large embryoid bodies filled with extracellular matrix. The major component of the matrix was laminin. Abundant entactin, substantial amounts of fibronectin and rather little collagen type IV were also found in the matrix by biochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. TB24 teratocarcinoma appears to be a good model to test anti-basement membrane antibodies and to isolate certain extracellular matrix components in preparative quantities.

Proliferating epithelial structures were studied immunomorphologically in 16 cases of fibrocystic disease and benign tumours. Monoclonal antibodies were used to prekeratin (PK) C12, normally specific for the lining epithelium, to prekeratin (PK) E3 and to the protein of intermediate filaments in mesenchymal cells--vimentin, normally specific for myoepithelium. The immunofluorescent analysis of the most common proliferating structures has shown that there are elements with a variable combination of PK C12, PK E3 and vimentin among the proliferating cells. While there are cells similar to normal lining epithelium (PK C12) or myoepithelium (PK E3) and/or vimentin), many cells have no analogues either among normal cells, or among cells from ductal, lobular and tubular tumour forms. Since in the most common forms of breast cancer only cells containing PK C12 were found, the immunofluorescent study with the application of monoclonal antibodies to PK C12, PK E3 and vimentin can be recommended in difficult and dubious cases for the recognition of carcinogenic or dysplastic nature of morphologically similar proliferating structures.

Complex morphological examination of 11 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is performed. This tumour has sufficiently characteristic clinical and morphological features distinguishing it from a usual chondrosarcoma. Clinically, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is characterised by a shorter anamnesis of the disease, a rapid course and shorter life-span. It occurs more frequently during the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. Histologically, apart from the structures characteristic of typical chondrosarcoma, poorly differentiated areas resembling hemangiopericytoma occur and sometimes predominate. Electron microscopic examination of the differentiated parts of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma revealed the presence of cells with chondroid direction of the structurally-functional differentiation while in the areas with pericytal structures there were found structurally and functionally undifferentiated cells.

Indirect Coons method and electron microscopy were used to study in detail 5 observations of spindle-cell sarcomas of the soft tissues histologically diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. Positive immunofluorescence with an antiserum to myosin of human smooth muscles was observed in 2 cases and confirmed by electron microscopic examinations. Two neoplasms whose cells contained no myosin were verified electron microscopically as tumors of a non-myogenic nature. The validity of the immunomorphological and electron microscopical result depends of the kind of surgical intervention. Positive results of immunofluorescence tests verify the histological diagnosis of the tumor, negative results indicate a non-myogenic nature of the neoplasm.

In persons of mature, elderly and old age vascularization of the papillary muscles and tendinous chordae in the right and left cardiac ventricles has been studied depending on peculiarities of their structure and sources of their blood supply using injection, macro-microscopical, roentgenoangiographic methods, and silver nitrate impregnation. Certain data concerning the distribution zones in the papillary muscles of the coronary artery branches at various types of the cardiac blood supply are presented. Angioarchitectonics of the papillary muscles are described along their whole extention--in the basal area, in the middle part and at the apex. Architectonic peculiarities of the blood vessels in the muscular-tendinous part of the papillary muscles and in some tendinous chordae are described.

The study was concerned with the analysis of peculiarities of pathomorphism development in osteogenic sarcoma under different therapeutic modalities. Material was obtained from 229 cases of tumor treated within 1955-1981. Electron microscopic examination of tumor was performed in 20 patients who had had no preoperative treatment and in 3 patients who had received adriamycin intraarterially and distant 60Co teletherapy (total focal dose 36 Gy) prior to surgery. Chondroid zones revealed posttreatment changes similar to spontaneous ones. Degenerative changes displayed by cells of osteo- and fibroplastic zones differed from spontaneous ones. They manifested themselves in the development of "posttreatment forms" with signs of lipophanerosis and hyperpermeability of nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes resulting in cell edema. Rupture of membrane pointed to an irreversible character of cell damage.

The authors analyze 3 cases of Merkel-cell carcinoma, examined by light and electron microscopy with the use of the immunomorphologic method. The diagnosis of this type of carcinoma is based largely on microscopic examination of the tumor. The principal morphologic sign is the presence of relatively monomorphous cells characterized by a definite growth pattern; trabeculae, strands, separated by connective tissue laminae. Electron microscopy ranks second in informative value; it detects the endocrine granules, provided the number of the examined samples is sufficient. Immunomorphologic detection of cytokeratins confirms only the epithelial nature of the tumor.

It is established that tilorone-hydrochloride, the antiviral agent, stimulating the interferon synthesis in the organism of animals under experiment inhibits monooxygenase reactions in the albino rat hepatocytes being administered in combination with phenobarbital and 20-methylcholanthrene. The tilorone effect on the N- and O-demethylase activity of the liver microsomes in vitro was studied. It is established that the rate of dimethylaniline N-demethylation and anisole O-demethylation in this case lowers considerably, the character of the kinetic curves being unchanged.

In 50 cardiac preparations of persons of various age (children, teenagers, adolescents, persons of mature and elderly age) distribution of various branches of the tendinous chordae (basic, marginal, commissural, rough zone) and level of their fixation to the ventricular surface of the right and left cusps of the atrioventricular valves have been studied. The tendinous chordae in direction from the apex of the papillary muscles towards the cusps of the atrioventricular valves are divided into the branches of the 2d--9th orders. Total quantity increase of the tendinous chordae is noted in the mature age, especially those of the 1st order in the left ventricle, and their decrease in the elderly age with an increase of the chordae of the 4th, 5th and 6th orders. Single chordae of the 8th and 9th orders can be found in elderly persons. Certain age specificities are revealed in fixation of various tendinous chordae to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves; they are surely connected with functional peculiarities of their different zones, that ensure air-tightness of the atrioventricular openings. There are quantitative differences of the tendinous chordae, fixed to certain cusps of the left (anterior) and right (anterior, posterior) atrioventricular valves; this is evidently connected with the role of the cusps mentioned in the mechanism of the valves closing.