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Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus) SPECIMENS COLLECTED: None. OTHER MATERIAL: The type of Sylvilagus nivicola is a specimen collected at 4800 m ‘‘en el límite de nieves perpetuas’’ on Cerro Antisana, about 10 km south of Papallacta (Cabrera, 1913: 6). Ten additional specimens of rabbits from Antisana (AMNH 66659– 66668) were subsequently collected between 4115 and 4265 m by H.E. Anthony in 1923. Other material from Antisana (in the BMNH) was reported by Laurie (1955), and a few more specimens are scattered among other museums (e.g., MCN, MNCN). TAXONOMY: All of the material at hand is referable to Sylvilagus brasiliensis in the sense of Hershkovitz (1950), the last comprehensive taxonomic review of South American lagomorph taxonomy. Hershkovitz (1950) treated nivicola Cabrera (1913) as a valid subspecies of S. brasiliensis, but Laurie (1955) synonymized nivicola with S. b. andinus (Thomas, 1897b). The current treatment (Hoffmann, 1993) of 41 nominal taxa ranging from southern Mexico to northern Argentina as synonyms or subspecies of S. brasiliensis obviously merits critical scrutiny, but is far beyond the scope of this faunal report. REMARKS: Although I did not collect any rabbits near Papallacta, they were abundant in grassy habitats throughout the páramo zone., Published as part of VOSS, ROBERT S., 2003, A New Species of Thomasomys (Rodentia: Muridae) from Eastern Ecuador, with Remarks on Mammalian Diversity and Biogeography in the Cordillera Oriental, pp. 1-48 in American Museum Novitates 3421 on page 35, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2003)4212.0.CO;2, http://zenodo.org/record/4734917, {"references":["Cabrera, A. 1913. Dos mamiferos nuevos de la fauna neotropical. Trabajos del Museo de Ciencias Naturales (Serie Zoologica) 9: 1 - 16, 1 pl.","Laurie, E. M. 1955. Notes on some mammals from Ecuador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 34 (128): 268 - 276.","Hershkovitz, P. 1950. Mammals of northern Colombia preliminary report no. 6: rabbits (Leporidae), with notes on the classification and distribution of the South American forms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 100: 327 - 375.","Thomas, O. 1897 b. Descriptions of new bats and rodents from America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (20): 544 - 553.","Hoffmann, R. S. 1993. Oder Lagomorpha. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, 2 nd ed.: 807 - 827. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press."]}

Lepus cornus Allen, 1927. Am. Mus. Novit., No 284:9. TYPE LOCALITY: "Teng-yueh [Tengueh], Yunnan Province, China, 5,500 feet altitude." DISTRIBUTION: Yunnan, W Guizhou (China). STATUS: Probably secure at present (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: peni Wang and Luo, 1985; pygmaeus Wang and Feng, 1985. COMMENTS: Formerly included in oiostolus; see Corbet (1978c). Elevated to specific status by Cai and Feng (1982) and Wang et al. (1985), on the basis of morphological and ecological differences. May be allo- or parapatric with oiostolus. Possibly related to nigricollis (Flux and Angermann, 1990)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 816, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Wang Ying-xiang, Luo Ze-xun, and Feng Zuo-jiang. 1985. [Taxonomic revision of Yunnan hare, Lepus comus G. Allen, with description of two new subspecies.] Zoological Research, 6: 101 - 109 (in Chinese).","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.","Cai Gui-quan, and Feng Zuo-jiang. 1982. [A systematic revision of the subspecies of highland hare (Lepus oiostolus) -- including two new subspecies]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2: 7 - 182 (in Chinese)."]}

Lepus alleni Mearns, 1890. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:294. TYPE LOCALITY: "Rillito Station [Pima Co.] Arizona " [USA]. DISTRIBUTION: SC Arizona (USA) to N Nayarit and Tiburon Isl (Mexico). STATUS: Populations appear stable in Arizona, but in Mexico require investigation (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: palitans Bangs, 1900; tiburonensis Townsend, 1912. COMMENTS: Placed in Caprolagus (Macrotolagus) by Gureev (1964:155). Probably related to callotis, but recognized as a distinct species by Hall (1981:331)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 814, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90."]}

Oryctolagus Lilljeborg, 1873. Sverig. Og Norges Ryggradsdjur, 1:417. TYPE SPECIES: Lepus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758. SYNONYMS: Cuniculus Meyer, 1790., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 822, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp."]}

Lepus flavigularis Wagner, 1844. In Schreber, Die Säugethiere..., Suppl. 4:106. TYPE LOCALITY: " Mexico " Restricted by Elliot (1905:543) to San Mateo del Mar, Tehuantepec [City, Oaxaca, Mexico]. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal plains and bordering foothills on south end of Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Oaxaca, Mexico), along Pacific coast to Chiapas (Mexico); now restricted to small area between Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, and extreme W Chiapas. STATUS: IUCN - Endangered, by habitat destruction and overhunting. COMMENTS: Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:193). Closely related to callotis, with which it has an isolated allopatric distribution; see Anderson and Gaunt (1962); also see Hall (1981:330)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Elliot, D. G. 1905. A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas. Field Columbian Museum, Publication 105, Zoological Series, 6: 1 - 761.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Anderson, S., and A. S. Gaunt. 1962. A classification of white-sided jack rabbits of Mexico. American Museum Novitates, 2088: 1 - 16.","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90."]}

Caprolagus hispidus (Pearson, 1839). In M'Clelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1838:152 [1839]. TYPE LOCALITY: "...Assam,...base of the Boutan [Bhutan] mountains" [India]. DISTRIBUTION: S Himalaya foothills from Uttar Pradesh (India) through Nepal and West Bengal to Assam (India), and south through NW Bangladesh. Since 1951, there have been very few reports from Uttar Pradesh and Assam, see Santapau and Humayun (1960), Mallinson (1971), and Ghose (1978). Presently known distribution summarized by Bell et al. (1990). STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered. SYNONYMS: Monotypic. COMMENTS: Subgenus Caprolagus (see Gureev, 1964)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 814, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Santapau, H., and Humayun Abdulali (eds.). 1960. The hispid hare, Caprolagus hispidus (Pearson). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 57: 400 - 402.","Mallinson, J. J. C. 1971. A note on the hispid hare Caprolagus hispidus (Pearson, 1839). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 68: 443 - 444.","Ghose, R. K. 1978. Observations on the ecology and status of the hispid hare in Rajagarh forest, Darrang District, Assam, in 1975 and 1976. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 75: 206 - 209.","Bell, D. J., W. L. R. Oliver, and R. K. Ghose. 1990. The hispid hare Caprolagus hispidus. Pp. 128 - 136, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian)."]}

Lepus tolai Pallas, 1778. Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord., p. 17. TYPE LOCALITY: "Caeterum in montibus aprecis campisque rupestribus vel arenosis circa Selengam... " Restricted by Ognev (1940:162) to "... valley of the Selenga River...." [Russia]. DISTRIBUTION: Steppes N of Caspian Sea southward along eastern shore of Caspian to E Iran; eastward through Afghanistan; Kazakhstan and S Siberia, Middle Asian republics to Mongolia; and W, C, and NE China. STATUS: Populations in China (and perhaps elsewhere) have declined due to intensified agriculture and increased use of pesticides (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: aralensis Severtsov, 1861; aurigineus Hollister, 1912; biddulphi Blanford, 1877; brevinasus J. Allen, 1909; buchariensis Ognev, 1922; butlerowi Bogdanov, 1882; centrasiaticus Satunin, 1907; cheybani Baloutch, 1978; cinnamomeus H. Smith, 1940; craspedotis Blanford, 1875; desertorum Ognev and Heptner, 1928; filchneri Matschie, 1907; gansuicus Satunin, 1907; gobicus Satunin, 1907; habibi Baloutch, 1978; huangshuiensis Luo, 1982; kaschgaricus Satunin, 1907; kessleri Bogdanov, 1882; lehmanni Severtsov, 1873; pamirensis Günther, 1875; petteri Baloutch, 1978; quercerus Hollister, 1912; sowerbyae Hollister, 1912; stegmanni Matschie, 1907; stoliczkanus Blanford, 1875; subluteus Thomas, 1908; swinhoei Thomas, 1894; tibetanus Waterhouse, 1841; turcomanus Heptner, 1934; zaisanicus Satunin, 1907. COMMENTS: Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:198). Formerly included in capensis or europaeus; see comments therein. Includes tibetanus; but see also Sokolov and Orlov (1980:85); Qui (1989) also provided evidence of differentiation of tibetanus but did not address specific status. Formerly included przewalskii, now assigned to L. oiostolus; see Cai and Feng (1982). "The situation in [southern] Iraq [and SW Iran] deserves a more detailed analysis (Angermann, 1983:19). L. tolai petteri occurs westward to about 55°- 56°E, while L. c. arabicus occurs eastward to SE Iraq. Whether the two forms come into contact is not known, but their ranges may be separated by that of L. europaeus astaricus in SW Iran (and L. e. connorii); see Baloutch (1978) and Angermann (1983). Angermann (in litt., 1992) considered tolai conspecific with capensis. According to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:430) the type locality should be "Adinscholo Mountain, near Tchinden [Chinden = Chindant], on Borsja [Boriya] River, a tributary of the Onon River, Eastern Siberia." This locality is more than 700 km east of the Selanga River., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 821, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Ognev, S. I. 1940. Zveri SSSR i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny. (Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii) [Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries: Rodents (Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia)]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 4: 1 - 615 (in Russian).","Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Hollister, N. 1912. The names of the Rocky Mountain goat. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25: 185 - 186.","Baloutch, M. 1978. Etude d'une collection de lievres d'Iran et description de quatre formes nouvelles. Mammalia, 42: 441 - 452.","Gunther, A. 1875. Notes on some small mammals from Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875: 78 - 80.","Thomas, O. 1894. On the mammals of Nyasaland: Third contribution. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1894: 136 - 142.","Heptner, V. G. 1934. Systematische und tiergeographische Notizen uber einige russiche Sauger. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica, Bd. VI, 1: 21 - 23.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Sokolov, V. E., and V. N. Orlov. 1980. Opredelitel' mlekopitayushchickh Mongol'skoi Narodnoi Respubliki [Guide to the mammals of the Mongolian People's Republic]. Nauka, Moscow, 351 pp. (in Russian).","Qui Yu-huang. 1989. [A systematic cluster for the Chinese cape hare, Lepus capensis.] Acta Theriologica Sinica, 9: 168 - 172 (in Chinese).","Cai Gui-quan, and Feng Zuo-jiang. 1982. [A systematic revision of the subspecies of highland hare (Lepus oiostolus) -- including two new subspecies]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2: 7 - 182 (in Chinese).","Angermann, R. 1983. The taxonomy of Old World Lepus. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 174: 17 - 21.","Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp."]}

Lepus pequensis Blyth, 1855. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 24:471. TYPE LOCALITY: " Pegu " [Upper Pegu, Burma]. DISTRIBUTION: C, S Burma from Chindwin River valley east through Thailand; Cambodia; S Laos, S Vietnam; south in upper Malay Peninsula (Burma, Thailand) to 120°N. STATUS: Does not seem threatened (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: siamensis Bonhote, 1902; vassali Thomas, 1906. COMMENTS: Placed by Gureev (1964: 144) in Caprolagus (Indolagus); he ranked siamensis as a distinct species; but see Lekagul and McNeely (1977:333) and Flux and Angermann (1990). Petter (1961) suggested that pequensis might be conspecific with nigricollis because of its close resemblance to L. n. ruficaudatus. However, L. n. ruficaudatus appears to be allopatric with respect to pequensis in E India-W Burma. Angermann (in litt., 1992) considered pequensis conspecific with nigricollis., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 820, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Lekagul, B., and J. A. McNeely. 1977. Mammals of Thailand. Association for the Conservation of Wildlife, Sahakarnbhat Co., Bangkok, 758 pp."]}

Lepus sinensis Gray, 1832. Illustr. Indian Zool., 2, pl. 20. TYPE LOCALITY: " China ". Restricted to vicinity of Canton [Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China]. DISTRIBUTION: SE China from Yangtse River southward; Taiwan; disjunct in NE Vietnam. STATUS: Unknown, but probably affected by habitat modification. SYNONYMS: flaviventris G. Allen, 1927; formosus Thomas, 1908; yuenshanensis Shih, 1930. COMMENTS: Placed in Caprolagus (Indolagus) by Gureev (1964:143). Formerly included coreanus; see Corbet (1978c:73); here considered distinct, following Flux and Angermann (1990)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 820, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Shih, C. M. 1930. Preliminary report on the mammals from Yaoshan, Kwangsi, collected by the Yaoshan Expedition, Sun Yatsen University, Canton, China. Bulletin of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Sun Yatsen University, 4: 10 pp.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.","Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp."]}

Lepus mandshuricus Radde, 1861. Melanges Biol. Acad. St. Petersbourg, 3:684. TYPE LOCALITY: "Im Chy(Gebirge)" Bureya Mtns [Khabarovsk Krai, Russia]. DISTRIBUTION: Ussuri region (Russia); NE China; extreme NE Korea. STATUS: Undetermined. SYNONYMS: melainus Li and Luo, 1979; melanonotus Ognev, 1922. COMMENTS: Distinct from brachyurus; see Angermann (1966, 1983); but placed in Caprolagus (Allolagus) brachyurus by Gureev (1964:150); followed by Gromov and Baranova (1981:63). Melanic individuals known since at least the time of Sowerby (1923) have recently been given the specific designation melainus (Li and Luo, 1979). The range of this taxon is entirely within that of mandshuricus, and I provisionally retain them in that species, although Flux and Angermann (1990) recognized melainus. L. mandshuricus and L. coreanus are parapatric in distribution in NE Korea /SE Heilungjiang, but are described as occupying different habitats; the former, mixed forest in hilly country, the latter, both forest and cultivated land, primarily in the plains (Flux and Angermann, 1990). Moreover, mandshuricus is sympatric with another forest species, timidus, and with the plains species, tolai; as forest is cleared, tolai tends to replace mandshuricus (Flux and Angermann, 1990). L. mandshuricus , L. timidus and L. tolai all occur in the area occupied by the taxon melainus; four species of sympatric hares, three of them forest-dwellers, is unprecedented in hare ecology, and supports the view that melainus is not a distinct species., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 818-819, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Li, Z., and Z. Luo. 1979. [On a new species of wild hare from China.] Journal of the Northeast Forestry Institute, 12: 71 - 81 (in Chinese).","Angermann, R. 1966. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Lepus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae). I. Abgrenzung der Gattung Lepus. II. Der taxonomische Status von Lepus brachyurus Temminck und Lepus mandshuricus Radde. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin, 42: 127 - 335.","Angermann, R. 1983. The taxonomy of Old World Lepus. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 174: 17 - 21.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Gromov, I. M., and G. I. Baranova (eds.). 1981. Katalog mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Catalog of mammals of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad, 456 pp. (in Russian).","Sowerby, A. de C. 1923. The naturalist in Manchuria. Tientsin Press Ltd. [China], 2: xxvii + 191.","Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp."]}

Robert S. Hoffmann (1993): Order Lagomorpha. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 807-827, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353088

Lepus insularis W. Bryant, 1891. Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 3:92. TYPE LOCALITY: "Espiritu Santo Island, [near La Paz], Gulf of California [Baja California del Sur], Mexico." DISTRIBUTION: Restricted to the type locality. STATUS: IUCN - Rare. Occupies very small insular range, but population is stable, and seems in no danger (Chapman et al., 1983). SYNONYMS: edwardsi Saint-Loup, 1895. COMMENTS: Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:195). Insular melanic allospecies, related to californicus; see Hall (1981:328) and Dixon et al. (1983)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Chapman, J. A., K. R. Dixon, W. Lopez-Forment, and D. E. Wilson. 1983. The New World jackrabbits and hares (genus Lepus) 1. Taxonomic history and population status. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 174: 49 - 51.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.","Dixon, K. R., J. A. Chapman, G. R. Willner, D. E. Wilson and W. Lopez-Forment. 1983. The New World jackrabbits and hares (genus Lepus) -- 2. Numerical taxonomic analysis. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 174: 53 - 56."]}

Pentalagus Lyon, 1904. Smithson. Mise. Coll., 45:428. TYPE SPECIES: Caprolagus furnessi Stone, 1900., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 823, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088

Sylvilagus nuttallii (Bachman, 1837). J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:345. TYPE LOCALITY: "...west of the Rocky Mountains,...streams which flow into the Shoshonee and Columbia rivers"; restricted by Nelson (1909:201) to "eastern Oregon, near mouth of Malheur River." Listed by Bailey (1936) as "near Vale." DISTRIBUTION: Intermountain area of North America from S British Columbia to S Saskatchewan (Canada), south to E California, Nevada, C Arizona, and NW New Mexico (USA). STATUS: S. floridanus appears to be displacing nuttallii in SE North Dakota; see Genoways and Jones (1972); but elsewhere generally common (Chapman and Ceballos, 1990). SYNONYMS: artemesia (Bachman, 1839); grangeri (J. Allen, 1895); perplicatus Elliott, 1904; pinetis (J. Allen, 1894). COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:168). Reviewed by Chapman (1975a, Mammalian Species, 56)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 826, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Nelson, E. W. 1909. The rabbits of North America. North American Fauna, 29: 1 - 314.","Bailey, V. E. 1936. The mammals and life zones of Oregon. North American Fauna, 55: 1 - 416.","Chapman, J. A., and G. G. Ceballos. 1990. The cottontails. Pp. 95 - 110, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Chapman, J. A. 1975 a. Sylvilagus nuttallii. Mammalian Species, 56: 1 - 3."]}

Lepus nigricollis F. Cuvier, 1823. Diet. Sci. Nat., 26:307. TYPE LOCALITY: "Malabar" [Madras, India]. DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan; India; Bangladesh, except Sunderbands; Sri Lanka; introduced into Java (?) and Mauritius, Gunnera Quoin, Anskya, Réunion and Cousin Isis in the Indian Ocean. Considered native to Java by McNeely (1981:931). STATUS: Mainland (and Sri Lankan?) populations secure (Flux and Angermann, 1990). If nigricollis is native to Java (rather than an introduced population), its numbers are now very low there. SYNONYMS: aryabertensis Hodgson, 1844; cutchensis Kloss, 1918; dayanus Blanford, 1874; joongshaiensis Murray, 1884; macrotus Hodgson, 1840; mahadeva Wroughton and Ryley, 1913; rajput Wroughton, 1917; ruficaudatus Geoffroy, 1826; sadiya Kloss, 1918; simcoxi Wroughton, 1912; singhala Wroughton, 1915; tytleri Tytler, 1854. COMMENTS: Placed in Caprolagus (Indolagus) by Gureev (1964:139). Includes ruficaudatus; see Prater (1980) and Angermann (1983), but see Gureev (1964: 142); ruficaudatus is closer to capensis according to Petter (1961), and nigricollis may include whytei, crawshayi, pequensis and siamensis; but also see comments under pequensis and saxatilis. Also includes dayanus, given specific status by Gureev (1964:139)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 819, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["McNeely, J. A. 1981. Conservation needs of Nesolagus netscheri in Sumatra. Pp. 929 - 932, in Proceedings of the World Lagomorph Conference (K. Meyers and C. D. MacInnes, eds). University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, 983 pp.","Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Hodgson, B. H. 1844. Classified catalogue of mammals of Nepal. Calcutta Journal of Natural History, 4: 284 - 294.","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1826. Mustela striata. Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle, 10: 214.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Prater, S. H. 1980. The book of Indian animals. Third ed., corrected. Bombay Natural History Society, 324 pp.","Angermann, R. 1983. The taxonomy of Old World Lepus. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 174: 17 - 21."]}

Poelagus St. Leger, 1932. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1932(1):119. TYPE SPECIES: Lepus marjorita St. Leger, 1929. COMMENTS: Originally spelled Poelagus, but this is a diaeresis and not an umlaut and thus the correct spelling is Poelagus (see art. 32d of the Code of Nomenclature, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985). Formerly placed as subgenus of Pronolagus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:425); but see also Petter (1972b:5). Formerly placed as subgenus of Caprolagus; see Gureev (1964:152)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 823, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp.","Petter, F. 1972 b. Order Lagomorpha. Part 5. Pp. 1 - 7, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.) [issued 2 May 1972]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian)."]}

Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758. Sys. Nat., 10th ed., 1:58. TYPE LOCALITY: "ad Cap. b. Spei" [South Africa, Cape of Good Hope]. DISTRIBUTION: Africa in two separate, non-forested areas: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, S Angola, S Zambia (?), Mozambique; and to the north, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, countries of the Sahel and Sahara, and N Africa; thence eastward through the Sinai to the Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, S Syria, S Israel and W and S Iraq, west of the Euphrates River. STATUS: Populations have declined locally due to habitat alteration, but most are not threatened so far as is known (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: abbotti Hollister, 1918; abyssinicus Lefebvre, 1850; aegyptius Desmarest, 1822; aethiopicus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; aquilo Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; arabicus Ehrenberg, 1833; arenarius I. Geoffroy, 1826; atallahi Harrison, 1972; atlanticus de Winton, 1898; barcaeus Ghigi, 1920; bedfordi Roberts, 1932; berberanus Heuglin, 1861; carpi Lundholm, 1955; centralis Thomas, 1903; cheesmani Thomas, 1921; crispii Drake-Brockman, 1911; dinderus Setzer, 1956; ermeloensis Roberts, 1932; granti Thomas and Schwann, 1904; habessinicus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; hartensis Roberts, 1932; harterti Thomas, 1903; hawkeri Thomas, 1901; innesi de Winton, 1902; isabellinus Cretzschmar, 1826; jeffreyi Harrison, 1980; kabylicus de Winton, 1898; kalaharicus Dollman, 1910; langi Roberts, 1932; major Grill, 1860; mandatus Thomas, 1926; maroccanus Cabrera, 1907; narranus Thomas, 1926; ochropoides Roberts, 1929; ochropus Wagner, 1844; omanensis Thomas, 1894; pallidior Barrett-Hamilton, 1898; pediaeus Cabrera, 1923; rothschildi de Winton, 1902; salai Jentink, 1880; schlumbergeri Remy-St. Loup, 1894; sefranus Thomas, 1913; senegalensis (Rochebrune, 1883); sherif Cabrera, 1906; sinaiticus Ehrenberg, 1833; somalensis Heuglin, 1861; tigrensis Blanford, 1869; tunetae de Winton, 1898; vernayi Roberts, 1932; whitakeri Thomas, 1902. COMMENTS: Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:202). Includes arabicus; formerly included europaeus, corsicanus, granatensis, and tolai; see Corbet (1978c:71), Angermann (1983:20), and Harrison and Bates (1991). Includes habessinicus, but see AzzaroliPuccetti (1987a, b) who considered habessinicus as distinct. The enigmatic form connori, often placed in capensis (Corbet, 1978c; Harrison and Bates, 1991) is provisionally placed in europaeus on the basis of pelage characteristics; see Angermann (1983:19). Most Russian authors consider tolai (including tibetanus) a distinct species; see Gromov and Baranova (1981:65); but also see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987:229). Sludskii et al. (1980:58, 85) indicated an area of sympatry between europaeus and tolai in Kazakhstan. Sokolov and Orlov (1980:85) considered tibetanus a distinct species. Some Arabian forms may be specifically distinct (Flux and Angermann, 1990); Angermann (1983: 19) noted pronounced "size" groups within arabicus. These are arabicus (largest, gray), cheesmani (with insular atallahi) (smaller, buffy), and omanensis (with insular jeffreyi) (smallest, gray)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 815-816, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Hollister, N. 1918. East African mammals in the United States National Museum. Part I. Insectivora, Chiroptera, and Carnivora. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 99: 1 - 194, 55 pls.","Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1826. Mustela striata. Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle, 10: 214.","Thomas, O. 1903. Notes on Neotropical mammals of the genera Felis, Hapale, Oryzomys, Akodon, and Ctenomys, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 12: 234 - 243.","Setzer, H. W. 1956. Mammals of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 106 (3377): 447 - 587.","Thomas, O., and H. Schwann. 1904. On a collection of mammals from British Namaqualand, presented to the National Museum by Mr. C. D. Rudd. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1904 (1): 171 - 183.","Dollman, G. 1910. Two new African mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 6: 226 - 230.","Roberts, A. 1929. New forms of African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13: 82 - 121.","Thomas, O. 1894. On the mammals of Nyasaland: Third contribution. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1894: 136 - 142.","Cabrera, A. 1923. Sobre algunos ratones Marroquies. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 22: 162 - 170.","de Rochebrune, A. T. 1883. Faune de la Senegambie, Mammiferes. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux 37, 4 (7): 49 - 203.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.","Angermann, R. 1983. The taxonomy of Old World Lepus. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 174: 17 - 21.","Harrison, D. L., and P. J. J. Bates. 1991. The mammals of Arabia, Second ed. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, United Kingdom, 354 pp.","Gromov, I. M., and G. I. Baranova (eds.). 1981. Katalog mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Catalog of mammals of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad, 456 pp. (in Russian).","Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian).","Sludskii, A. A., A. D. Bernstein, I. G. Shubin, V. A. Fadeev, G. I. Orlov, A. Bekenov, V. I. Kharitonov, and S. R. Utinov. 1980. Mlekopitayushchie Kazakhstana, tom 2, Zaitseobraznye [Mammals of Kazakhstan. vol. 2, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Kazakhskoi SSR, Alma-Ata, 236 pp. (in Russian).","Sokolov, V. E., and V. N. Orlov. 1980. Opredelitel' mlekopitayushchickh Mongol'skoi Narodnoi Respubliki [Guide to the mammals of the Mongolian People's Republic]. Nauka, Moscow, 351 pp. (in Russian)."]}

Sylvilagus bachmani (Waterhouse, 1839). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1839:103. TYPE LOCALITY: "Between Monterey and Santa Barbara". Type locality restricted by Nelson (1909:247) to San Luis Obispo, California, USA. DISTRIBUTION: W Oregon (USA) S of Columbia River to Baja California (Mexico), E to Cascade-Sierra Nevada Range (USA). STATUS: "Still quite abundant" (Chapman and Ceballos, 1990). SYNONYMS: cerrosensis (J. Allen, 1898); cinerascens (J. Allen, 1890); exiguus Nelson, 1907; howelli Huey, 1927; macrorhinus Orr, 1935; mariposae Grinnell and Storer, 1916; peninsularis (J. Allen, 1898); riparius Orr, 1935; rosaphagus Huey, 1940; tehamae Orr, 1935; trowbridgii Baird, 1855; ubericolor (Miller, 1899); virqulti Dice, 1926. COMMENTS: Placed in genus Microlagus together with idahoensis by Gureev (1964:171). This is the only species of Sylvilagus known to have retained the putative ancestral karyotype (2n=48) shared by all known Lepus, and by Romerolagus (Robinson et al., 1981, 1984). Reviewed by Chapman (1974, Mammalian Species, 34)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 824-825, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Nelson, E. W. 1909. The rabbits of North America. North American Fauna, 29: 1 - 314.","Chapman, J. A., and G. G. Ceballos. 1990. The cottontails. Pp. 95 - 110, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Allen, J. A. 1898. Revision of the chickarees, or North American red squirrels (subgenus Tamiasciurus). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 10: 249 - 298.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Robinson, T. J., F. F. B. Elder, and W. Lopez-Forment. 1981. Banding studies in the volcano rabbit, Romerolagus diazi and Crawshay's hare, Lepus crawshayi. Evidence of the leporid ancestral karyotype. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 23: 469 - 474.","Chapman, J. A. 1974. Sylvilagus bachmani. Mammalian Species, 34: 1 - 4."]}

Sylvilagus aquaticus (Bachman, 1837). J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:319. TYPE LOCALITY: "...western parts of that state" [Alabama], Restricted by Nelson (1909:272) to "Western Alabama ". DISTRIBUTION: S Illinois and SW Indiana, SW Missouri to SE Kansas southward through extreme W Kentucky and W Tennessee to E Oklahoma, E Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi and NW South Carolina (USA). STATUS: Some range reduction, but remains abundant (Chapman and Ceballos, 1990). SYNONYMS: attwateri (J. Allen, 1895); douglasii (Gray, 1837; part) littoralis Nelson, 1909; telmalemonus (Elliott, 1899). COMMENTS: Subgenus Tapeti (Gureev, 1964:162). Reviewed by Chapman and Feldhamer (1981, Mammalian Species, 151)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 824, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Nelson, E. W. 1909. The rabbits of North America. North American Fauna, 29: 1 - 314.","Chapman, J. A., and G. G. Ceballos. 1990. The cottontails. Pp. 95 - 110, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Gray, J. E. 1837 [1838]. On a new species of paradoxure (Paradoxurus derbianus) with remarks on some Mammalia recently purchased by the British Museum, and characters of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837: 67.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Chapman, J. A., and G. A. Feldhamer. 1981. Sylvilagus aquaticus. Mammalian Species, 151: 1 - 4."]}

Lepus granatensis Rosenhauer, 1856. Die Thiere Andalusiens, 3. TYPE LOCALITY: "bei Granada" [Granada, Analusia Prov., Spain]. DISTRIBUTION: Iberian Peninsula, except NE and NC parts (Spain, Portugal); Mallorca (Balearic Isl, Spain). STATUS: Generally common, but scarce or extinct in a few places. SYNONYMS: gallaecius Miller, 1907; hispanicus Fitzinger, 1867; iturissius, Miller, 1907; lilfordi de Winton, 1898; mediterraneus Wagner, 1841; meridionalis Graells, 1897; solisi Palacios and Fernändez, 1992; typicus Hilzheimer, 1906. COMMENTS: Formerly included in europaeus or capensis; but see Palacios (1983,1989), and Bonhomme et al. (1986). The Mallorcan population was probably introduced by humans (Palacios and Fernândez, 1992). The population in Sardinia, to which the names mediterraneus Machado, 1869 (not mediterraneus Wagner, 1841) and typicus Hilzheimer, 1906, have been applied, is assigned to this species, but its status needs investigation, as do populations from the NW African coast that have been assigned to capensis (Angermann, in litt., 1992)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 818, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Palacios, F., and J. Fernandez. 1992. A new subspecies of hare from Majorca (Balearic Islands). Mammalia, 56: 71 - 85.","Bonhomme, F., J. Fernandez, F. Palacios, J. Catalan, and A. Machordom. 1986. Characterisation biochimique du complexe d'especes du genre Lepus en Espagne. Mammalia, 50: 495 - 506."]}

Sylvilagus dicei Harris, 1932. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 248:1. TYPE LOCALITY: "El Copey de Dota, in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica... 6000 feet." DISTRIBUTION: Cordillera de Talamanca (SE Costa Rica, NW Panama). STATUS: Indeterminate. SYNONYMS: Monotypic. COMMENTS: Formerly included in brasiliensis (Hall, 1981:295); revised by Diersing (1981)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 825, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.","Diersing, V. A. 1981. Systematic status of Sylvilagus brasiliensis and S. insonus from North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 62: 539 - 556."]}

Lepus victoriae Thomas, 1893. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 12:268. TYPE LOCALITY: "Nassa, Speke Gulf, S. Victoria Nyanza" [Lake, Tanzania]. DISTRIBUTION: From Atlantic coast of NW Africa (Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, south to Guinea and Sierra Leone) eastward across Sahel to Sudan and extreme W Ethiopia; southward through E Africa (E Congo, W Kenya) to NE Namibia, Botswana, and Natal (South Africa). Small isolated population in W Algeria. STATUS: Isolated population around Beni Abbés, Algeria, "deservefs] attention" (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: angolensis Thomas, 1904; ansorgei Thomas and Wroughton, 1905; canopus Thomas and Hinton, 1921; chadensis Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; cordeauxi DrakeBrockman, 1911; crawshayi de Winton, 1899; herero Thomas, 1926; kakumegae Heller, 1912; meridionalis Monard, 1933; micklemi Chubb, 1908; microtis Heuglin, 1865; raineyi Heller, 1912; whytei Thomas, 1894; zairensis Hatt, 1935; zechi Matschie, 1899; zuluensis Thomas and Schwann, 1905. COMMENTS: Placed (as crawshayi) in subgenus Proeulagus by Gureev (1964:204), who recognized both crawshayi and whytei as distinct species, as did Azzaroli-Puccetti (1987«). Formerly included in saxatilis; see comments under that species. Angermann and Feiler (1988) demonstrated that the oldest available name for this species is victoriae. It is widely sympatric with capensis, but allo- to parapatric with saxatilis, which is also sympatric with capensis., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 822, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Thomas, O., and R. C. Wroughton. 1905. On a second collection of mammals obtained by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Angola. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 16: 169 - 178.","Hinton, M. A. C. 1921. Some new African mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 7: 368 - 373.","Heller, E. 1912. New rodents from British East Africa. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 59: 1 - 20.","Monard, A. 1933. Mission Scientifique Suisse dans l'Angola. Resultats scientifiques. Mammiferes. Part VI: Rongeurs. Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles, 57: 53 - 63.","Thomas, O. 1894. On the mammals of Nyasaland: Third contribution. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1894: 136 - 142.","Thomas, O., and H. Schwann. 1905. The Rudd exploration of South Africa. -- II. List of mammals from the Wakkerstroom District, Southeastern Transvaal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1905: 129 - 138.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Angermann, R., and A. Feiler. 1988. Zur Nomenklatur, Artabgrenzung und Variabilitat der Hasen (Gattung Lepus) im westlichen Africa (Mammalia, Lagomorpha, Leporidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 43: 149 - 167."]}

Lepus othus Merriam, 1900. Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:28. TYPE LOCALITY: "St. Michaels, [Norton Sound], Alaska." [USA]. DISTRIBUTION: W and SW Alaska (USA); formerly perhaps northwestward to Pt. Barrow; as here interpreted, also E Chukotsk (Russia). STATUS: Rare, perhaps decreasing in range and numbers (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: poadromus Merriam, 1900; tschuktschorum Nordquist, 1883. COMMENTS: Formerly included in arcticus or timidus (see comments therein). Regarded as distinct by Hall (1981) and by Flux and Angermann (1990), who, however, followed A. J. Baker et al. (1983) in allying populations from E Chukotsk (Russia) with Alaskan populations; but see also Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Angermann (in litt., 1992) considered othus as "probably conspecific" with timidus., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 819, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.","Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian)."]}

Lepus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:57. TYPE SPECIES: Lepus timidus Linnaeus, 1758. SYNONYMS: Allolagus Ognev, 1929; Boreolagus; Barrett-Hamilton, 1911; Chionobates Kaup, 1829; Eulagos Gray, 1867; Eulepus Acloque, 1899; Indolagus Gureev, 1953; Lagos Palmer, 1904; Macrotolagus, Mearns, 1895; Poecilolagus Lyon, 1904; Proeulagus Gureev, 1964; Tarimolagus Gureev, 1947. COMMENTS: Formerly included Bunolagus; see Petter (1972b); and originally all other genera except Pentalagus. The taxonomy of this genus remains controversial. L. crawshayi (including whytei), peguensis, ruficaudatus, and siamensis have been variously treated as separate species or have been included in nigricollis. L. europaeus, corsicanus, granatensis, tolai, and tibetanus have been placed in capensis or treated as distinct species; see comments therein., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 814, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.","Palmer, T. S. 1904. Index generum mammalium: A list of the genera and families of mammals. North American Fauna, 23: 1 - 984.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Petter, F. 1972 b. Order Lagomorpha. Part 5. Pp. 1 - 7, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.) [issued 2 May 1972]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated."]}

Sylvilagus floridanus (J. A. Allen, 1890). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:160. TYPE LOCALITY: "Sebastian River, Brevard Co.," [Florida, USA]. DISTRIBUTION: N, C, and W Venezuela (including adjacent islands) and adjacent Colombia through Central America (disjunct in part); to NW Mexico, Arizona, north and east to North Dakota, Minnesota, N Michigan, New York and Massachusetts, Atlantic Coast south and Florida Gulf Coast (USA) west to Mexico; also S Saskatchewan, S Ontario and SC Quebec (C Canada). STATUS: Secure. SYNONYMS: alacer (Bangs, 1896); ammophilus Howell, 1939; avius Osgood, 1910; aztecus (J. Allen, 1890); boylei J. Allen, 1916; caniclunis Miller, 1899; chapmani (J. Allen, 1899); chiapensis (Nelson, 1904); cognatus Nelson, 1907; connectens (Nelson, 1904); continentis Osgood, 1912; costaricensis Harris, 1933; cumanicus (Thomas, 1897); durangae J. Allen, 1903; hesperius Hoffmeister and Lee, 1963; hitchensi Mearns, 1911; holzneri (Mearns, 1896); hondurensis Goldman, 1932; llanensis Blair, 1938; macrocorpus, Diersing and Wilson, 1980; mallurus (Thomas, 1898); margaritae Miller, 1898; mearnsi (J. Allen, 1894); nelsoni Baker, 1955; nigronuchalis (Hartert, 1894); orinoci Thomas, 1900; orizabae (Merriam, 1893); paulsoni Schwartz, 1956; persultator Elliot, 1903; purgatus Thomas, 1920; restrictus Nelson, 1907; rigidus Mearns, 1896; robustus (Bailey, 1905); russatus (J. Allen, 1904); similis Nelson, 1907; simplicicanus Miller, 1902; subcinctus (Miller, 1899); superciliaris (J. Allen, 1899); sylvaticus (Bachman, 1837); valenciae Thomas, 1914; yucatanicus (Miller, 1899). COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:164). Widely introduced in North America (Hall, 1981:301) and Europe (Flux et al., 1990). Reviewed by Chapman et al. (1980, Mammalian Species, 136)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 825-826, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Osgood, W. H. 1910. Eight new African rodents. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 5: 276 - 282.","Allen, J. A. 1916. Mammals collected on the Roosevelt Brazilian Expedition, with field notes by Leo E. Miller. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 35: 559 - 610, 6 pls.","Osgood, W. H. 1912. Mammals from western Venezuela and eastern Colombia. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 10: 32 - 67.","Lee, M. R., and D. F. Hoffmeister. 1963. Status of certain fox squirrels in Mexico and Arizona. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 76: 181 - 190.","Mearns, E. A. 1896. Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 18: 443 - 447.","Goldman, E. A. 1932. Review of woodrats of Neotoma lepida group. Journal of Mammalogy, 13: 59 - 67.","Diersing, V. A., and D. E. Wilson. 1980. Distribution and systematics of the rabbits (Sylvilagus) of west-central Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 297: 1 - 34.","Miller, G. S., Jr. 1902. The mammals of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24: 751 - 795.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.","Chapman, N. G., and D. I. Chapman. 1980. The distribution of fallow deer: A worldwide review. Mammal Review, 10: 61 - 138."]}

Lepus arcticus Ross, 1819. Voy. Discovery, II; ed. 2, App. IV, p. 170. TYPE LOCALITY: "Southeast of Cape Bowen" (Nelson, 1909:61) [Possession Bay, Bylot Island, lat. 73°37'N, Canada]. DISTRIBUTION: Greenland and Canadian arctic islands southward in open tundra to WC shore of Hudson Bay, thence northwestward to the west of Fort Anderson on coast of Arctic Ocean. Isolated populations in tundra of N Quebec and Labrador, and on Newfoundland (Canada). STATUS: Does not appear to be at risk presently (Flux and Angermann, 1990). SYNONYMS: andersoni Nelson, 1934; bangsii Rhoads, 1896; banksicola Manning and Macpherson, 1958; canus Preble, 1902; glacialis Leach, 1819; groenlandicus Rhoads, 1896; hubbardi Handley, 1952; hyperboreus Pedersen, 1930; labradorius Miller, 1899; monstrabilis Nelson, 1934; persimilis Nelson, 1934; porsildi Nelson, 1934. COMMENTS: Formerly included in timidus by Gureev (1964), Angermann (1967), Honacki et al. (1982), and Dixon et al. (1983), but considered distinct by Corbet (1978c), Hall (1981), A. J. Baker et al. (1983), and Flux and Angermann (1990). Angermann (in litt., 1992) considered it "probably conspecific" with timidus., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 815, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Nelson, E. W. 1909. The rabbits of North America. North American Fauna, 29: 1 - 314.","Flux, J. E. C., and R. Angermann. 1990. The hares and jackrabbits. Pp. 61 - 94, in Rabbits, hares and pikas (J. A. Chapman and J. E. C. Flux, eds.). I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 168 pp.","Rhoads, S. N. 1896. Mammals collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith during his expedition to Lake Rudolf, Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1896: 517 - 546.","Preble, E. A. 1902. A biological investigation of the Hudson Bay region. North American Fauna, 22: 1 - 140.","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Angermann, R. 1967. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Lepus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae). III. Zur Variabilitat palaearktischer Schneehasen. IV. Lepus yarkandensis Gunther, 1875 und Lepus oiostolus Hodgson, 1840 -- zwei endemische Hasenarten Zentralasiens. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin, 43: 64 - 203.","Honacki, J. H., K. E. Kinman and J. W. Koeppl (eds.). 1982. Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference. Allen Press, Inc. and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas, 694 pp.","Dixon, K. R., J. A. Chapman, G. R. Willner, D. E. Wilson and W. Lopez-Forment. 1983. The New World jackrabbits and hares (genus Lepus) -- 2. Numerical taxonomic analysis. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 174: 53 - 56.","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90."]}

Sylvilagus insonus Nelson, 1904. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:103. TYPE LOCALITY: "Omilteme, Guerrero," [Mexico]. DISTRIBUTION: Appears restricted to Sierra Madre del Sur, C Guerrero (Mexico) between 2300-5280 ft. elevation. STATUS: IUCN - Endangered; known from fewer than 10 records. SYNONYMS: Monotypic. COMMENTS: Subgenus Tapeti (Gureev, 1964:164), or Sylvilagus (Hershkovitz, 1950:335)., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 826, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Hershkovitz, P. 1950. Mammals of northern Colombia. Preliminary report no. 6: Rabbits (Leporidae), with notes on the classification and distribution of the South American forms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 100: 327 - 375."]}

Lepus oiostolus Hodgson, 1840. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 9:1186. TYPE LOCALITY: "...the snowy region of the Hemalaya, and perhaps also Tibet." Restricted by Kao and Feng (1964), to "Southern Tibet " [Xizang, China]. DISTRIBUTION: Tibetan Plateau, from Ladak to Sikkim (India) Nepal, and eastward through Xizang (Tibet) and Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan (China). STATUS: Probably secure, but may be affected by rodent control activity on Tibetan Plateau. SYNONYMS: grahami Howell, 1928; hypsibius Blanford, 1875; illuteus Thomas, 1914; kozlovi Satunin, 1907; oemodias Gray, 1847; pallipes Hodgson, 1842; przewalskii Satunin, 1907; qinghaiensis Cai and Feng, 1982; qusongensis Cai and Feng, 1982; sechuenensis de Winton, 1899; tsaidamensis Hilzheimer, 1910. COMMENTS: Placed in subgenus Proeulagus by Gureev (1964:196); przewalskii was assigned to capensis (= tolai) by Corbet (1978c), but is placed here following Cai and Feng (1982); Angermann (in litt., 1992) agreed with Corbet., Published as part of Robert S. Hoffmann, 1993, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 807-827 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 819, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353088, {"references":["Hodgson, B. H. 1842. Notice of the mammals of Tibet, with descriptions and plates of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 11: 275 - 289.","Cai Gui-quan, and Feng Zuo-jiang. 1982. [A systematic revision of the subspecies of highland hare (Lepus oiostolus) -- including two new subspecies]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 2: 7 - 182 (in Chinese).","Gureev, A. A. 1964. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 10, Zaitseobraznye (Lagomorpha) [Fauna of the USSR, mammals, vol. 3, pt. 10, Lagomorpha]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 276 pp. (in Russian).","Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp."]}