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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-12-12T17:48:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO PEREIRA VERAS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGRN 2010..pdf: 9200245 bytes, checksum: 8975354e2d3143ead94a84b1e139dfaa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T17:48:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO PEREIRA VERAS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGRN 2010..pdf: 9200245 bytes, checksum: 8975354e2d3143ead94a84b1e139dfaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-04 CNPq O pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é uma planta produtora de óleo, da família Euphorbiaceae, nativa das Américas e, atualmente, considerada uma alternativa para produção de biodiesel. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa, estudar os possíveis efeitos da irrigação com água superficial poluída de esgoto doméstico, em diferentes níveis de reposição da evapotranspiração, sobre o crescimento e a produção de pinhão manso. O experimento foi desenvolvido em lisímetros de drenagem, em campo, em instalações da UFCG, campus de Campina Grande, no Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Unidade Académica de Engenharia Agrícola. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos casual izados, com quatro repetições, sendo estudados cinco níveis de reposição da evapotranspiração - Nr (Nr, = 0,25; Nr2 = 0,50; Nr3 = 0,75; Nr4 =1,00 e Nr5 = 1,25 da ETc). A unidade experimental foi constituída de uma planta cultivada em cada lisímetro. As irrigações foram realizadas em turno de rega de três dias; o volume de água aplicado, em cada tratamento, foi determinado através de balanço hídrico, tomando-se por base o tratamento Nr4. A irrigação com água superficial poluída favoreceu o crescimento e produção das plantas, com influência numa possível elevação da renda de agricultores que venham a trabalhar com essa cultura. As variáveis, altura de plantas, número de folhas, número de sementes, peso de sementes e consumo de água e teor de óleo foram afetadas de maneira significativa pelos níveis de reposição da evapotranspiração, em todos os períodos estudados. No tratamento com 1,25 da evapotranspiração verificaram-se as maiores taxas de crescimento das plantas em altura, produção e peso de sementes, teor de óleo e número de folhas. O consumo total de água, a evapotranspiração total da cultura e a evapotranspiração média aumentaram com os níveis crescentes de umidade do solo e em função do desenvolvimento da planta. atropha (Jatropha Curcas L.) is a plant producing oil, Euphorblaceás family, native of the Américas and is currently considered an alternative for production of biodiesel. Objective of this research was to study the possible effects of irrigation with polluted surface water with sewage at different replacement leveis of evapotranspiration, growth and production of Jatropha. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters, under field condictions in facilities, of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande campus in the Center of Tecnology and natural resources of the academic drive of Agricultural Engeneering. The statistical design was randomized blocks with four repetitions and were studied five leveis of water replacement. Nr (Nrl=0,25; Nr2=0,50; Nr3=0,75; Nr4=l,00 and Nr5=l,25, evapotranspiration, etc.) The experimental unit was composed of a plant grown in each lysimeter. Irrigation was performed according to a irrigation frequency of three days, the volume of water applied in each treatment was determined by water balances using as a base treatment Nr4. The irrigation with polluted surface favored the better growth and production of plants, offering a possible increase of income of farmers who will work with this crop. As variables of growth (plant height, numbers of leaves, number of seeds, seeds weight, water comsumption and oil content), were affected so significantly by the replacement leveis of evapotranspiration in ali periods studied. Treatments with 1,25 evapotranspiration there were higher rates of plant growth in height, production and seed weight, oil content and number of leaves. The total comsumption of water, and evapotranspiration of the crop average evapotranspiration increased, with increasing leveis of soil moisture and in accordance with the development of the plant.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a nutrição do pinhão manso em resposta à aplicação do lodo de esgoto e do silicato de cálcio e magnésio no solo. O experimento foi realizado no período de abril de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, em área experimental do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, em Montes Claros MG, latitude 16º5138 S e longitude 44º5500 W, em Cambissolo Háplico. Os tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, distribuídos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, corresponderam a 5 doses de lodo de esgoto desidratado (0; 4,8; 9,6; 14,4 e 19,2 t ha-1) e 2 doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio (0 e 1 t ha-1). No início da primeira floração, foram coletadas amostras de solo a 0-20 e 20-40 cm de profundidade, e da folha mais velha não senescente e da folha mais nova totalmente expandida para análise de macronutrientes e metais pesados. Foram determinados no 18º mês de plantio o diâmetro do caule (DC), da copa (DCO) e a altura da planta (ALT). A aplicação de silicato de cálcio e magnésio ao solo aumentou o pH, os teores de fósforo, cálcio e magnésio disponíveis, a disponibilidade de ferro, níquel, zinco e manganês no solo, além do aumento do teor de magnésio e redução dos teores de zinco e cobre em folhas de pinhão manso, porém não influenciou o crescimento e o desenvolvimento do pinhão manso. O lodo de esgoto, por outro lado, promoveu aumento dos teores de matéria orgânica, nitrato, fósforo, ferro e cobre e a redução do teor de chumbo no solo, na planta, houve aumento de fósforo, cálcio, nitrogênio, magnésio, zinco, ferro, manganês e cobre, o que refletiu em maior aumento do DCO, com o incremento desse resíduo, até a dose de 11 t ha-1. Não foram constatadas interações relevantes entre o lodo de esgoto e o silicato, e nem efeito desse último sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da planta, recomendando-se somente a aplicação de lodo de esgoto no cultivo do pinhão manso. Os níveis de metais pesados no solo e na planta mantiveram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA nº 375, com a aplicação de 11 t ha-1 de lodo de esgoto, recomendada como a melhor dose para a adubação do pinhão manso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the development and the nutrition of physic nut in response to application of sewage sludge and calcium of silicate and magnesium in the soil. The experiment was conducted in the period from April 2008 to December 2009 in the area of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the UFMG, in Montes Claros - MG, latitude 16 ° 51'38 "S and longitude 44 ° 55'00" W in Haplic Cambisol. The treatments, in a factorial scheme 5 x 2, distributed in randomized block design with three replications, corresponded to 5 servings of dehydrated sewage sludge (0; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4 and 19.2 t ha -1) and 2 doses of silicate of calcium and magnesium (0 and 1 t ha-1). At the beginning of first flowering were collected soil samples at 0-20 and 20-40 cm deep and of the oldest leaf not senescent and of the youngest leaf fully expanded for analysis of macronutrients and heavy metals. Were determined in the 18th month of planting the stem diameter (DC), of the crown (DCO) and height of the plant (ALT). The application of silicate of calcium and magnesium in soil increased the pH, the contents of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium available, the availability of iron, nickel, zinc and manganese in the soil beyond the increase in magnesium content and reduction of contents of zinc and copper in leaves of physic nut, but did not influence the growth and development of physic nut. Sewage sludge, on the other hand, promoted increase of the contents of organic matter, nitrate, phosphorus, iron and copper and the reduction of lead content in soil, in the plant there were increasing of phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese and copper, which reflected in a greater increase in the DCO, with the increment of this residue until the dose of 11 t ha-1. There were no relevant interactions between the sewage sludge and silicate, and neither the effect of this last on growth and plant development, recommending only the application of sewage sludge in the cultivation of physic nut. The levels of heavy metals in soil and plant remained within the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 375, with the application of 11 t ha-1 of sewage sludge, recommended as the best dose for the fertilization of physic nut.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:53:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-31222010000400001.pdf: 517464 bytes, checksum: 671bfb5b0ce9966b6ed1870c9fe33fe3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-31222010000400001.pdf: 517464 bytes, checksum: 671bfb5b0ce9966b6ed1870c9fe33fe3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:45:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-31222010000400001.pdf: 517464 bytes, checksum: 671bfb5b0ce9966b6ed1870c9fe33fe3 (MD5) S0101-31222010000400001.pdf.txt: 21471 bytes, checksum: 9f7804ab19684efcf161bb8d1ced94d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:11:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-31222010000400001.pdf: 517464 bytes, checksum: 671bfb5b0ce9966b6ed1870c9fe33fe3 (MD5) S0101-31222010000400001.pdf.txt: 21471 bytes, checksum: 9f7804ab19684efcf161bb8d1ced94d7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-31222010000400001.pdf: 517464 bytes, checksum: 671bfb5b0ce9966b6ed1870c9fe33fe3 (MD5) S0101-31222010000400001.pdf.txt: 21471 bytes, checksum: 9f7804ab19684efcf161bb8d1ced94d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 O pinhão-manso é uma espécie arbustiva que está se destacando pelo interesse para produção de biocombustível, porém, os estudos sobre controle de qualidade das sementes estão se iniciando. Neste trabalho objetivou-se estudar o efeito da temperatura e do tempo de contagem na germinação de sementes de pinhão-manso, conduzido em papel toalha bem como avaliar a qualidade sanitária das sementes, desinfestadas ou não com hipoclorito de sódio, a 2%. O estudo foi conduzido, com sementes de pinhão-manso extraídas de frutos maduros, coletados na planta. O teste de germinação foi conduzido nas temperaturas de 25 ºC e alternadas de 20-30 ºC, com contagens aos 6, 9 e 12 dias. O teste de sanidade foi conduzido a 20 ºC com fotoperíodo de 12 h por 7 dias. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e empregado o teste F na análise de variância dos dados de germinação e do índice de velocidade de germinação. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O potencial máximo de germinação das sementes de pinhão-manso foi obtido na temperatura de 25 ºC, com contagens aos seis, nove e 12 dias, entretanto não apresentou diferença significativa com as temperaturas de 20-30 ºC, nas contagens aos 9 e 12 dias. As sementes de pinhão-manso analisadas apresentaram alta frequência de espécies fúngicas, independente da desinfestação superficial. A incidência de fungos em ordem decrescente foi dos gêneros: Alternaria, Macrophomina, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Helminthosporium, Epicocum e Nigrospora a maioria destes fungos apresenta potencial patogênico. Jatropha curcas is a shrubby species, interesting for biofuel production, however studies of these seeds quality control are starting. The work aimed to study effects of temperature and counting time on germination of J. curcas, in paper towel and to check the health quality of seeds, disinfected or not with sodium hypochlorite 2%. The tests carried out with a lot of J. curcas seeds extracted four yellow fruits, collected in the plant. The seed germination was tested at temperature of 25 °C and in the alternating temperature of 20 to 30 ºC, with couting times at six, nine and 12 days after sowing. We used a randomized experimental design with four replications and used the F test for the analysis of variance of germination and index of germination speed. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The maximum germination potential of the seeds of J. curcas was got at 25 °C, with counts at 6, 9 and 12 days, however no had significant difference in temperature of 20-30 °C with score at 9 and 12 days. The seeds of Jatropha curcas analyzed showed high frequency of fungal species independent of surface disinfection. The incidence of fungi, in decreased sequence was to the genera: Alternaria, Macrophomina, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Helminthosporium, Epicocum and Nigrospora most of these fungi have pathogenic potential. Fundação Educacional de Ituverava UNESP Departamento de Produção Vegetal UNESP Departamento de Produção Vegetal

O conhecimento da estrutura floral e da biologia reprodutiva numa cultura é básico para que o melhorista desenvolva técnicas de castração e polinização adequadas. Objetivando obter dados de biologia reprodutiva de pinhão manso, inflorescências emasculadas, foram observadas sem isolamento (controle positivo) e isoladas com tecido "nylon" tipo voal para posterior realização dos tratamentos de geitonogamia e xenogamia após a antese. Os tratamentos consistiram de controle positivo (flores não isoladas), e a partir das flores isoladas foram obtidos os demais tratamentos: controle negativo (sem polinização); xenogamia (receberam pólen de outra planta); geitonogamia 1 (receberam pólen da mesma inflorescência); geitonogamia 2 (receberam pólen de outra inflorescência da mesma planta). Os resultados indicam que a espécie não apresenta problemas de autoincompatibilidade, sendo os índices de fecundação bastante elevados e indiferentes estatisticamente em todos os tratamentos, com valores acima de 80%, exceto para o controle negativo em que as inflorescências foram isoladas e não polinizadas, resultando em ausência de fecundação e de frutos. Esse último resultado mostra a importância da visitação de insetos para a obtenção de sucesso no processo reprodutivo da espécie. As flores masculinas, doadoras de pólen, abrem no período da manhã, assim como as femininas. Sendo assim, embora haja visitação de insetos durante todo o dia, o processo de polinização ocorre no período matutino, em razão da quase total ausência de pólen no período vespertino. ABSTRACT - The knowledge of the floral structure and reproductive biology are basic to a more successful for the development of techniques of castration and pollination in plant species. Aiming to obtain data about reproductive biology of physyc nut, free and enclosed inflorescences were observed without isolation (positive control) and isolation with nylon for posterior treatment of geitonogamy and xenogamy. So, treatments were positive control (free or unbagged inflorescences), and all other treatments obtained from isolated immature inflorescences enclosed within of fine nylon bags: negative control (without pollination), xenogamy (receiving pollen from another plant); geitonogamy 1 (received pollen from the same inflorescence), geitonogamy 2 (received pollen from another inflorescence of the same plant). The results indicate that the species does not present problems of self-incompatibility resulting in high fertilization and statistically indifferent in all treatments, presenting values above 80%, except for negative control in which the inflorescences were isolated and not pollinated resulting in lack of fertilization and fruit development. These results show the importance insects for success in the reproductive process of this species. The male flowers, pollen donors, opened in the morning, just like the female ones. Thus, although there is visitation of insects during all the day, the process of pollination occurs in the morning, and almost total absence of pollen was observed after noon.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa_Leonardo_Ignacio.pdf: 1068394 bytes, checksum: 5be940540f3888021f7182b44e755e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-07 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The objective was to correlate easy measurement variables and determine various regression equations to achieve allometric patterns in culture of pinion manso (Jatropha curcas L.). Thus, two different spacings (3 x 2 m 5 x 2 m) were compared to obtain the data that best represent the culture. Data collection occurred in the municipality of Eldorado-MS. The correlated variables were: total height of the plant (ALT), number of primary branches (NG), average diameter of primary branch (DG), total number of leaves per plant (NFL), leaf area (LPA), total number of fruits (NF) and fresh mass of fruit (MF). Comparing the average of spacing, the variables height and number of primary branches did not show significant difference, while all others did. For the spacing 5 x 2 m, the correlations were higher compared with the spacing 3 x 2 m. For variable number of fruits in function of the number of leaves and plant height the models that stood out were: NFtotal = -599.046 + 0.4549 + 0.00025 NFL2 NFL ALT + 300.032 - 0.3185 * NFL ALT for treatment 1 and NFtotal = -201.106 - 0.3691 + 0.000179 NFL NFL2 + 170.389 ALT for treatment 2. For other variables, the correlation that most stood out was between leaf area and number of leaves which the models stood out from logarithmic equations Objetivou-se correlacionar variáveis de fácil mensuração e determinar diferentes equações de regressão para a obtenção de padrões alométricos na cultura do pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.). Para isso, comparou-se dois diferentes espaçamentos (3 x 2 m e 5 x 2 m) na obtenção dos dados que melhor representam a cultura. A coleta dos dados se deu no município de Eldorado-MS. As variáveis correlacionadas foram: altura total da planta (ALT), número de galhos primários (NG), diâmetro médio do galho primário (DG), número total de folhas por planta (NFL), área foliar (AFL), o número de frutos total (NF) e massa fresca dos frutos (MF). Comparando-se as médias dos espaçamentos as variáveis altura e número de galhos primários não apresentam diferença significativa, enquanto todas as outras apresentaram. Para o espaçamento 5 x 2 m as correlações foram maiores comparando-se com o espaçamento 3 x 2 m. Para a variável número de frutos em função do número de folhas e altura de planta os modelos que se destacaram foram: NFtotal= -599,046 + 0,4549NFL + 0,00025NFL2 + 300,032ALT 0,3185NFL*ALT, para o tratamento 1 e NFtotal= -201,106 0,3691NFL + 0,000179NFL2 + 170,389ALT, para o tratamento 2. Para as outras variáveis, a correlação que mais se destacou foi a entre área foliar e número de folhas, das quais destacou-se os modelos logarítmicos de equações

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The use of good quality seeds in the current agricultural scenery is without a doubt an important, if not, the most important factor to obtain the success desired for any cultivated crop. Therefore, starting from this point, this research had as objectives to establish appropriate methodology to the germination test in seeds of pinhão manso, with views to its validation and inclusion in the RAS, besides trying the to adjust a methodology for the accelerated aging test for the evaluation of pinhão manso seeds vigor. For so much two experiments were conducted for 18 months in the routine laboratory in seeds of the Federal University of Viçosa seeking to reach the proposed objectives. The first experiment to be accomplished was the adjustment of the methodology for the germination test, where four lots of pinhão manso seeds obtained in different harvested times, this seeds were treated with fungicidal product and submitted to the germination in different substrates (sand and paper) and temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 20-30ºC). Daily counting of the number of normal seedlings obtained during the period of the experiment were made in order to establish the best time to carry out the first and final counting. The completely randomized design with four replicates in a subdivided plot design was adopted to carry out the experiment, comparing the means obtained with the treatments by the test of Tukey at level of 5% of probability. In the second experiment were also used four lots of seeds of pinhão manso obtained from parceled harvests, demonstrating high initial germination, where these lots were submitted to the following tests: germination, first germination count, germination at low temperature, cold test in paper towel (10ºC/7 days and 25ºC /5 days) and percentage and index of emergency, besides the accelerated aging test at 100% UR in the temperatures of 42 and 45ºC for 48, 72 and 96 hours. It can be concluded with this work that both substrates used to the germination test can be adopted to conduct the test. The temperatures that best expressed the germination potential in seeds of pinhão manso were the 25 and 30ºC, and best period to carry out the of the first and final germination count are at seven and 12 days after the begin of the test. The best combination found to conduct the accelerating aging test is conducting at 42ºC for 48 hours, and when the seeds were exposed to the temperature of 45ºC for 96 hours it caused deterioration of the seeds, making it unviable to the classification in levels of vigor. A utilização de sementes de qualidade no atual cenário agrícola é sem dúvidas um dos principais, se não, o principal fator para obtenção do sucesso. A pesquisa teve como objetivos estabelecer metodologia adequada para a condução do teste de germinação em sementes de pinhão manso, com vistas à sua validação e inclusão nas Regras para Análise de Sementes (RAS), além de adequar a metodologia para o teste de envelhecimento acelerado. Para tanto, foram conduzidos dois experimentos no laboratório de rotina em sementes da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Primeiramente, realizou-se o experimento de adequação da metodologia para a condução do teste de germinação. Para tanto, foram utilizadas sementes de quatro lotes de pinhão manso, tratadas com produto fungicida e submetidas à germinação em diferentes substratos (areia e papel) e temperaturas (20, 25, 30 e 20-30ºC). Realizaram-se contagens diárias do número de plântulas normais obtidas para se estabelecer a época mais adequada para a realização das contagens inicial e final do teste. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela subdivida, com quatro repetições, comparando as médias obtidas com os tratamentos pelo teste de Tukey, ao nível de 5% de significância. Para o segundo experimento, também foi utilizado quatro lotes de sementes, que foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação a baixa temperatura, teste de frio (10ºC/7 dias e a 25ºC/5 dias) e percentagem e índice de emergência, além do teste de envelhecimento acelerado a 100% UR nas temperaturas de 42 e 45ºC, por 48, 72 e 96 horas. Conclui-se que para a obtenção do valor máximo de germinação das sementes de pinhão manso, o teste de germinação deve ser conduzido nas temperaturas de 25 e 30ºC em ambos os substratos e que a primeira e a última contagem do teste de germinação devem ser realizadas aos sete e doze dias após o inicio do teste, respectivamente. Em relação ao segundo experimento, se concluí que o teste de envelhecimento acelerado é eficiente para a classificação dos lotes de sementes de pinhão manso em níveis de vigor, tendo, as combinações de 42 e 45ºC com 100% UR, por 48 horas, como as melhores para a condução do teste. Verificou-se também, que a temperatura de 45ºC por 96 horas ocasiona a deterioração das sementes não permitindo a sua classificação em níveis de vigor.

Jatropha curcas L. est une espèce très importante dans le programme Biocarburant du Sénégal. Une expérience a été menée pour étudier l’effet de la mycorhization arbusculaire sur différentes provenances de Jatropha curcas L. appartenant à la collection de l’Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole. L’essai conduit en serre a été complètement randomisé avec deux facteurs: la provenance à sept niveaux (‘Keur Séga’, ‘Nioro’, ‘Thiès’, ‘Brésil’, ‘Ghana’, ‘Inde’ et ‘République Dominique’) et l’inoculation à six niveaux (Glomus mosseae (Gm), G. aggregatum (Ga), G. intraradices (Gi), G. fasciculatum (Gf), Gspp. (Gm+Ga+Gi+Gf) et le Témoin). Les résultats indiquent après quatre mois de culture, que l’inoculation avec les champignons mycorhiziens augmente de manière significative la croissance des plants de Jatropha curcas L. Nous avons aussi noté que les biomasses racinaires et aériennes ont été nettement améliorées avec des valeurs atteignant parfois le double des témoins. L’analyse minérale a montré un taux plus élevé de la concentration en phosphore et des micronutriments, tels que l’azote et le potassium.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Franciele Horing.pdf: 609148 bytes, checksum: a0269cb6ea507b7476d7c6b91d79cd2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-05 The search for alternative fuels from natural oils has attracted great interest in this culture, and also by the seeds of Jatropha curcas nut. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of storage period in the quality of Jatropha curcas L. seeds. Seeds used were from Eldorado city localed in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul Seeds were harvested and benefited manually and selected in accordance with the storage time in uncontrolled environment. The storage periods evaluated were 17, 40, 66, 108 and 164 days. Seeds were brought to the laboratory of Technology Seeds and Seedlings of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon. There were measured humidity degree, thousand seeds, weight, single mass, diameter and length of the seed. Moreover, it was germination test and tetrazolium test. In the germination test it was evaluated the seeds performance in substrates of sand and paper in temperatures of 25±2°C and 30±2°C of each storage time and it was estimated the germination speed rate. The methodology of the test tetrazolium in the concentration of 0.1% was used to check the damage seeds. The germination of seeds was considered since the issuance of the radicle to the substrate paper and seedling immersed in the sand. In the methodology of the tetrazolium test the husk has been removed to facilitate the staining of seed. For storeg periods of Jatropha curcas seed, as longer is the storage time higher is the mass loss of the seeds. Seeds harvestd and store for up to 40 days have viability higher than those stored for 66 days to 164 days. The tetrazolium test probed to be satisfactory for observation the force and the viability of seeds, because it has a positive correlation with the germination test A busca por combustíveis alternativos a partir de óleos naturais tem despertado grande interesse pela cultura e, conseqüentemente, pelas sementes de pinhão-manso. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência do período de armazenamento na qualidade de sementes de Jatropha curcas L. Foram utilizadas sementes do município de Eldorado no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. As sementes foram colhidas e beneficiadas manualmente e selecionadas de acordo com o tempo de armazenamento em ambiente não controlado. Os períodos de armazenagem testados foram: 17, 40, 66, 108 e 164 dias. As sementes foram levadas ao laboratório de Tecnologia de Sementes e Mudas da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná UNIOESTE, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon. Foram mensurados grau de umidade, massa de mil sementes, massa individual, diâmetro e comprimento das sementes. Além disso, realizou-se o teste de germinação e o teste de tetrazólio. No teste de germinação avaliou-se o desempenho das sementes nos substratos de areia e papel nas temperaturas 25±2ºC e 30±2ºC de cada período de armazenamento e calculou-se o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). A metodologia do teste de tetrazólio na concentração de 0,1% foi utilizada para verificar os danos das sementes. A germinação da semente foi considerada desde a emissão da radícula para o substrato papel e plântula emergida para a areia. Na metodologia do teste de tetrazólio retirou-se o tegumento para facilitar a coloração do albúmen. Para os períodos de armazenamento das sementes de Jatropha curcas quanto maior tempo de armazenagem, maior perda de massa da semente. Sementes colhidas e armazenadas por até 40 dias possuem viabilidade maior que aquelas armazenadas por 66 a 164 dias O teste de tetrazólio mostrou-se satisfatório para observação de vigor e viabilidade da semente, pois, obteve correlação positiva com o teste de germinação

O conhecimento das necessidades nutricionais de uma cultura é essencial para a elaboração das recomendações de adubação. De posse disso, estudou-se o teor e o acúmulo de nutrientes em folhas e frutos de pinhão-manso, bem como estimou-se a extração de nutrientes pela colheita de frutos entre o primeiro e o quarto ano de cultivo. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda Paraíso, no município de Viçosa-MG. Utilizou-se para coleta das amostras um talhão com 6.000 plantas de pinhão-manso, implantado em abril/2006, no espaçamento de 4 x 2 m. Foi realizada a coleta aleatória de quatro amostras de folhas e de frutos na área total, sendo cada amostra composta por 15 folhas ou 20 frutos. Para as amostras de folhas, foram coletados limbos foliares expandidos, entre a sexta e a oitava folha abaixo da inflorescência. Somente folhas sem deficiência nutricional ou ataque de pragas e, ou, doenças aparentes foram amostradas. Os frutos foram coletados no estádio maduro, com a casca amarela. Os materiais vegetais amostrados foram lavados, postos a secar, pesados e submetidos às análises químicas. As folhas de pinhão-manso apresentaram a seguinte ordem de acúmulo de nutrientes: N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S >Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu; nos frutos, a ordem encontrada foi: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu. A relação N/K foi de 2,3 em folhas e de 1,4 em frutos, indicando que na fase em que a planta entra em produção aumenta a necessidade de K. Apesar de o P ser o quarto e o quinto nutriente mais requerido (em frutos e folhas, respectivamente) pela cultura, esse elemento deve ser fornecido em maior quantidade do que o acumulado, devido à facilidade de sua adsorção no solo. De posse da estimativa de acúmulo de nutrientes nos frutos, infere-se que o pinhão-manso extrai elevada quantidade de nutrientes na colheita e, se não adequadamente adubado, pode levar ao empobrecimento do solo ao longo dos anos de cultivo. Knowledge about the nutritional demand of a crop is essential for fertilizer recommendation. In this study nutrient concentration and accumulation in leaves and fruits of Jatropha curcas L. were measured and nutrient extraction by fruits harvested between the 1st and 4th year of cultivation were estimated. The study was carried out at the Paraiso Farm, iin Viçosa, Minas Gerais State. Four leaf and fruit samples, each one containing 15 leaves or 20 fruits were randomly collected from an area with 6.000 Jatropha curcas L. trees, all planted in April 2006, at a spacing of 4 x 2 m. Expanded leaves between the 6th and 8th leaf below the inflorescence were collected for analysis. Only normal leaves (without signs of nutritional deficiency, insect attack and/or diseases) were used. Fruits were collected at maturity (yellow husk). The sampled leaves and fruits were washed, dried, weighed, and had their nutrient content analyzed. The nutrient concentration in Jatropha curcas L. leaves were ranked in the following order: N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu; and in the fruits the order was: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu. The N/K ratio was 2.3 in the leaves and 1.4 in fruits, which indicates that K requirements increase when the plant begins fruit production. Although P is only the 4th (in fruits) and the 5th (in leaves) most demanded nutrient by the crop, it should be supplied in higher amounts than those accumulated in leaves and fruits due to soil adsorption. This study suggests that high nutrient amounts are extracted at Jatropha curcas L. harvest, thus the crop requires adequate fertilization to avoid soil exhaustion along the successive cultivation years.

The effect of storage duration on fungal population, moisture content, lipid and free fatty acid contents, lipase activity, viability and vigor of physic nut seeds was investigated. Physic nut seeds with initial moisture content of 7.9% were stored in plastic bags under warehouse conditions. Samples of physic nut were collected before storage, and subsequently after one to six months of storage. The results showed that the moisture contents increased after one month of storage, and became relatively constant up to six months of storage. The range of moisture contents (7.9 – 8.4%) was safe for storage of physic nut seeds. Sixteen fungal species were isolated from physic nut seeds during six months of storage. Fungal population decreased with the increase of storage duration. At the beginning of storage, most of the fungi that infected the seeds were classified as field fungi, such as Colletotrichum sp., Cladosporium spp., and Fusarium spp.. Their populations decreased with the increase of storage duration. After three months of storage, the existence of field fungi was generally replaced by storage fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp . dominate the population. Lipid contents, viabilities and vigors decreased with the increase of storage duration, while free fatty acids and lipase activities increased. Under uncontrolled condi -tions, physic nut seeds packed in plastic material can be stored up to one month for seeds to be planted, while it can be stored up to five months for producing oil.

This study aimed to induce callus formation in Jatropha curcas L. and to evaluate the ultrastructure and cytochemical behavior of the calli. Calluses were induced with 2,4-D, picloram-PIC, kinetin (Kin) and BAP: (1) control; (2) 4.52 µM 2,4-D; (3) 9.04 µM 2,4-D; (4) 4.14 µM PIC; (5) 8.28 µM PIC; (6) 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 2.32 µM KIN; (7) 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 4.64 µM KIN; (8) 4.14 µM PIC + 2.32 µM KIN; (9) 8.28 µM PIC + 4.64 µM KIN; (10) 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 2.22 µM BAP; (11) 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 4.44 µM BAP; (12) 4.14 µM PIC + 2.22 µM BAP and (13) 8.28 µM PIC + 4.44 µM BAP. It was evaluated the percent coverage of the explants by callus (% CEC) and performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and acetocarmine/Evans blue double staining to analyze the embryogenic potential of the calli. As shown by scanning electron microscopy and acetocarmine/Evans blue staining, we found that J. curcas callus formation was optimal with 4.52 µM of 2,4-D.

Titulo en ingles: Recognising isolated words for mobile robot navigation controltitulo en portugues: Reconhecimento de palavras isoladas para controle de navegação de robô móvelResumen: El uso de herramientas computacionales que permiten la implementación de modelos bio-inspirados generó el desarrollo de un sistema dedicado a la caracterización de comandos de voz para controlar la navegación de un robot móvil hexápodo prototipo. A nivel general se implementó un subsistema en software, así como otro subsistema a nivel mecánico y electrónico. El subsistema relacionado con el software consta de un programa prototipo desarrollado en lenguaje java, que comprende cinco módulos: (Obtención de la señal hablada; Extracción de características; Comparación de características; Definición de los comandos para transmitir a los actuadores del mini-robot usando un Gene Digital y el módulo de comunicación de las acciones de control) de modo que la aplicación fue capaz de reconocer palabras aisladas y predefinidas en castellano emitidas por un hablante, de manera que se generen los comandos correspondientes a la navegación del robot móvil. Los comandos relacionados con la navegación del mini-robot deben ser trasmitidos a los respectivos actuadores, para este propósito se utilizó una interface hecha con un circuito electrónico simple.Palabras clave: Codificación lineal predictiva (Linear Predictive Coding - LPC), alineación temporal dinámica (Dinamic Time Warping - DTW), robot móvil, descriptores.Abstract: Using computational tools facilitating bio-inspired models has led to developing a system for characterising voice commands for controlling a prototype hexapod mobile robot’s navigation. A software subsystem was set up, as well as another mechanical and electronic subsystem. The software subsystem consisted of a prototype programme written in Java consisting of five modules (obtaining the spoken signal, extracting characteristics, comparing characteristics, defining commands for transmitting the mini-robot actuators using a digital gene and the control action communication module) so that the application was able to recognise isolated, predefined words in Spanish emitted by a native speaker. Commands corresponding to the mobile robot’s navigation were thus generated; such commands had to be transmitted to the respective actuators and thus an interface made with a simple electronic circuit was thus used for this purpose.Key words: linear predictive coding (LPC), dynamic time warping (DTW), mobile robot, descriptor.Resumo: O uso de ferramentas computacionais que permitem a aplicação de modelos bio-inspirados levou ao desenvolvimento de um sistema dedicado à caracterização de comandos de voz para controlar a navegação de um robô móvel hexápode protótipo. Em geral foi implementado um subsistema software e outro subsistema no nível mecânico e eletrônico. O subsistema relacionado com o software consiste de um programa protótipo desenvolvido em linguagem Java, que inclui cinco módulos: (Obtenção do sinal falado, extração de características, comparação de características, definição dos comandos para transmitir os atuadores do robô usando um gene digital e um módulo de comunicação das ações de controle), de modo que a aplicação foi capaz de reconhecer palavras isoladas e predefinidas em idioma castelhano eemitidas por um locutor, para assim então gerar os comandos correspondentes à navegação do robô móvel. Os comandos relacionados com a navegação do mini robô tem que ser transmitidos aos atuadores respectivos, para este fim foi utilizada uma interface feita de um circuito eletrônico simples.Palavras chave: Codificação preditiva linear (Linear PredictiveCoding - LPC), alinhamento de temporal dinâmica (Dynamic Time Warping - DTW), robô móvel, descritores. Titulo en ingles: Recognising isolated words for mobile robot navigation controltitulo en portugues: Reconhecimento de palavras isoladas para controle de navegação de robô móvelResumen: El uso de herramientas computacionales que permiten la implementación de modelos bio-inspirados generó el desarrollo de un sistema dedicado a la caracterización de comandos de voz para controlar la navegación de un robot móvil hexápodo prototipo. A nivel general se implementó un subsistema en software, así como otro subsistema a nivel mecánico y electrónico. El subsistema relacionado con el software consta de un programa prototipo desarrollado en lenguaje java, que comprende cinco módulos: (Obtención de la señal hablada; Extracción de características; Comparación de características; Definición de los comandos para transmitir a los actuadores del mini-robot usando un Gene Digital y el módulo de comunicación de las acciones de control) de modo que la aplicación fue capaz de reconocer palabras aisladas y predefinidas en castellano emitidas por un hablante, de manera que se generen los comandos correspondientes a la navegación del robot móvil. Los comandos relacionados con la navegación del mini-robot deben ser trasmitidos a los respectivos actuadores, para este propósito se utilizó una interface hecha con un circuito electrónico simple.Palabras clave: Codificación lineal predictiva (Linear Predictive Coding - LPC), alineación temporal dinámica (Dinamic Time Warping - DTW), robot móvil, descriptores.Abstract: Using computational tools facilitating bio-inspired models has led to developing a system for characterising voice commands for controlling a prototype hexapod mobile robot’s navigation. A software subsystem was set up, as well as another mechanical and electronic subsystem. The software subsystem consisted of a prototype programme written in Java consisting of five modules (obtaining the spoken signal, extracting characteristics, comparing characteristics, defining commands for transmitting the mini-robot actuators using a digital gene and the control action communication module) so that the application was able to recognise isolated, predefined words in Spanish emitted by a native speaker. Commands corresponding to the mobile robot’s navigation were thus generated; such commands had to be transmitted to the respective actuators and thus an interface made with a simple electronic circuit was thus used for this purpose.Key words: linear predictive coding (LPC), dynamic time warping (DTW), mobile robot, descriptor.Resumo: O uso de ferramentas computacionais que permitem a aplicação de modelos bio-inspirados levou ao desenvolvimento de um sistema dedicado à caracterização de comandos de voz para controlar a navegação de um robô móvel hexápode protótipo. Em geral foi implementado um subsistema software e outro subsistema no nível mecânico e eletrônico. O subsistema relacionado com o software consiste de um programa protótipo desenvolvido em linguagem Java, que inclui cinco módulos: (Obtenção do sinal falado, extração de características, comparação de características, definição dos comandos para transmitir os atuadores do robô usando um gene digital e um módulo de comunicação das ações de controle), de modo que a aplicação foi capaz de reconhecer palavras isoladas e predefinidas em idioma castelhano eemitidas por um locutor, para assim então gerar os comandos correspondentes à navegação do robô móvel. Os comandos relacionados com a navegação do mini robô tem que ser transmitidos aos atuadores respectivos, para este fim foi utilizada uma interface feita de um circuito eletrônico simples.Palavras chave: Codificação preditiva linear (Linear PredictiveCoding - LPC), alinhamento de temporal dinâmica (Dynamic Time Warping - DTW), robô móvel, descritores.

Novel holistic approach to the energy utilization of Jatropha curcas L. is easily adaptable to other similar oil crops is presented. The novelty of the approach consists from deshelling, mechanical grinding and especially hot maceration followed by pressure shockwaves. The pressure shockwaves (50 up to 60MPa) were generated by the underwater high voltage discharges (3.5kV, 4W) which caused the rapid expansion of water plasma bubble. The subsequent deep intracellular disintegration increased the oil yield by 11.6% and methane yield from the seedcake by 27.4%. In addition it is proposed to utilize the hot flue gases of 490°C from the combustion engine at the cogeneration unit linked to the biogas station to charcoal the fermentation residue. This way was succesfully obtained biochar for soil enrichment, heating or other purposes.

Purpose In 1988, we first reported the complete chemical structure of a new type of phorbol ester, abbreviated to DHPB, found in seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. (Saboodam in Thai) and its tumor-promoting activity on mouse skin. Although this seed oil contains toxic phorbol ester, it was planned to use it as a feasible renewable oil and the extracted seed cake as fertilizer. This utilization value opened a new science of Jatropha curcas. Methods The main experimental results are cited from our publications, and the relevant literature screened from journals and PubMed. Results and discussion This paper begins with our original work on the structural elucidation of a new phorbol ester, 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol (DHPB): its tumor-promoting activity was compared with that of TPA. We think that it is timely to review the following research advances with Jatropha curcas, so numerous topics are classified as follows: (1) historical development of phorbol esters in seed oil; (2) toxicity of phorbol ester based on various bioassays; (3) degradation of phorbol ester; (4) a new pharmaceutical compound in seed; and (5) tumor promotion and progression with endogeneous tumor promoters in human carcinogenesis. The discovery of phorbol ester in seed oil raised awareness of the danger of public use of seed oil and seed cake in Thailand, and also indicated the necessity of discussing the concept of primary and tertiary cancer preventions. Conclusion It is worthwhile to study the future benefits and cancer risks of globally distributed Jatropha curcas L.

Seed of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is currently established as the source for biofuel Therefore, it is important to understand the diversity insects that pollinated J. curcas inflorescence yellow flowers. We also aimed to study the pollination effects on fruit set on J. curcas. Scan sampling method were carried out to explore the insect pollinators diversity from 07.00 up to 17.00 h in every 15 minutes. Visiting frequency of pollinators insects were observed by using focal sampling. Those information together with flowering periods, flower nectar volumes, and environmental factors were used as the basic data to determine the effectiveness of insect pollination both in covered and uncovered of seed set plants. Results showed that nine species of insect pollinators were from three order (Hymenoptera, Lepidotera, and Diptera) pollinated J. curcas. Four species of Hymenoptera i.e. Prenolepis, Apis dorsata, Xylocopa confusa, and Apis cerana showed the highest abundances. The highest abundance and species richness of pollinators occurred at 08.00-10.15 and 15.00-17.15 h. Bees of X. confusa, A. cerana, and A. dorsata of Apidae are effective as insect pollinators in J. curcas plantations, due to high visited frequencies. The insect pollinators also increased fruits and seeds set of J. curcas in the uncovered experiment plants. Thereby, enhancement the three pollinator insects as part of crop management have to be considered by farmers.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-01 The purging nut (Jatropha. Curcas, L.) is a flowering plant, described as a poisonous, semi-evergreen shrub or small tree, which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. Cultivation is uncomplicated and the plant shows a fast vegetative growth, so that the reproductive period is achieved within six months. In Brazil, research dealing with this crop is rather recent so that there is a need to farther assess adequate management of this species. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate growth and productivity of a purging nut crop growing on an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico following the Brazilian Soil Classification System) at the Tangará da Serra municipality, MT, Brazil. The field work was performed from August 2007 to August 2008 at the experimental site of Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), located at 14°37'10 south latitude and 57°29'09 west longitude and with 320 mean altitude asl. Plant height and plant production of purging nut were determined. Mean productivity per hectare and per plant during the first year of cultivation as the sum of all the values of the respective individual determinations. Mean growth of purging nut plants during the studied period was 148.45 cm, corresponding to 0.56 cm day-1. Most seed production occurred during the third productive month, which accounted for 44.51% of the total. The mean final productivity was as high as 595.36 kg ha-1 of seeds. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Fitossanidade Engenharia Rural e Solos, Campus Ilha Solteira, SP Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Departamento de Agronomia, Campus de Tangará da Serra, MT Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Departamento de Edafología Ciudad Universitario, Madrid Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Fitossanidade Engenharia Rural e Solos, Campus Ilha Solteira, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Official rules for seed analysis don t establish criteria to execute germination tests for all species. This way, the aim of this research was to determinate the substrate, temperature and counting time for the germination test of physic nut seeds. For the germination test, four replications of 20 seeds were used, evaluating daily the normal seedlings until the end of germination. Initially, the substrates with sowing in vermiculite, were evaluated in rolled paper towels, in sand and in soil using alternating temperature of 20-30°C. The most favorable substrates for germination were evaluated with another stage, using constant temperatures of 25, 30 and 35°C and alternating ones, of 15-35°C, 20-35°C and 20-30°C. One concluded that the germination test of physic nut seeds must be performed with the alternating temperature of 20-30°C in sand or paper towel and with final counting 10 days after sowing. Departamento de Produção Vegetal/DPV Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/FCA Universidade Estadual Paulisa Júlio de Mesquita Filho/UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Cx. P. 237, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP Departamento de Produção Vegetal/DPV Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/FCA Universidade Estadual Paulisa Júlio de Mesquita Filho/UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Cx. P. 237, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP

Background Jatropha curcas L. is an oil seed producing non-leguminous tropical shrub that has good potential to be a fuel plant that can be cultivated on marginal land. Due to the low nutrient content of the targeted plantation area, the requirement for fertilizer is expected to be higher than other plants. This factor severely affects the commercial viability of J. curcas. Results We explored the feasibility to use endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are native to J. curcas to improve plant growth, biomass and seed productivity. We demonstrated that a novel N-fixing endophyte, Enterobacter sp. R4-368, was able to colonize in root and stem tissues and significantly promoted early plant growth and seed productivity of J. curcas in sterilized and non-sterilized soil. Inoculation of young seedling led to an approximately 57.2% increase in seedling vigour over a six week period. At 90 days after planting, inoculated plants showed an average increase of 25.3%, 77.7%, 27.5%, 45.8% in plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll content and stem volume, respectively. Notably, inoculation of the strain led to a 49.0% increase in the average seed number per plant and 20% increase in the average single seed weight when plants were maintained for 1.5 years in non-sterilized soil in pots in the open air. Enterobacter sp. R4-368 cells were able to colonize root tissues and moved systemically to stem tissues. However, no bacteria were found in leaves. Promotion of plant growth and leaf nitrogen content by the strain was partially lost in nifH, nifD, nifK knockout mutants, suggesting the presence of other growth promoting factors that are associated with this bacterium strain. Conclusion Our results showed that Enterobacter sp. R4-368 significantly promoted growth and seed yield of J. curcas. The application of the strains is likely to significantly improve the commercial viability of J. curcas due to the reduced fertilizer cost and improved oil yield.