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Fil: González, Oscar R. Asociación Argentina de Democracia Participativa; Argentina. Fil: Arena, Emiliano. Asociación Argentina de Democracia Participativa; Argentina. González, O. R. y Emiliano A. (2020). Quién decide qué. Consolidar la democracia ampliando la participación popular. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 11(38), 193-195. Ahora que se exhuman las invocaciones golpistas para hostigar a las autoridades legítimas y se reanuda la ominosa intención de que lo privado impere sobre lo público, conviene recordar que a mediados de la década de 1980 Juan Carlos Portantiero sostuvo que el dilema de la democracia consistía en articular las diferencias, es decir, ordenar la multiplicidad de demandas que surgen de los diversos sectores de la sociedad.

Working Paper The main objective of this study is two-fold. First, we aim to detect the underlying existing periodicities in business and consumer survey data. With this objective, we conduct a spectral analysis of all survey indicators. Second, we aim to provide researchers with a filter especially designed for business and consumer survey data that circumvents the a priori assumptions of other filtering methods. To this end, we design a low-pass filter that allows extracting the components with periodicities similar to those that can be found in the dynamics of economic activity. The European Commission (EC) conducts monthly business and consumer tendency surveys in which respondents are asked whether they expect a set of variables to rise, fall or remain unchanged. We apply the Welch method for the detection of periodic components in each of the response options of all monthly survey indicators. This approach allows us to extract the harmonic components that correspond to the cyclic and seasonal patterns of the series. Unlike other methods for spectral density estimation, the Welch algorithm provides smoother estimates of the periodicities. We find remarkable differences between the periodicities detected in the industry survey and the consumer survey. While business survey indicators show a common cyclical component of low frequency that corresponds to about four years, for most consumer survey indicators we do not detect any relevant cyclic components, and the obtained lower frequency periodicities show a very irregular pattern across questions and reply options. Most methods for seasonal adjustment are based on a priori assumptions about the structure of the components and do not depend on the features of the specific series. In order to overcome this limitation, we design a low-pass filter for survey indicators. We opt for a Butterworth filter and apply a zero-phase filtering process to preserve the time alignment of the time series. This procedure allows us to reject the frequency components of the survey indicators that do not have a counterpart in the dynamics of economic activity. We use the filtered series to compute diffusion indexes known as balances, and compare them to the seasonally-adjusted balances published by the EC. Although both series are highly correlated, filtered balances tend to be smoother for the consumer survey indicators.

Effective properties of non-aging linear viscoelastic and hierarchical composites are investigated via a three-scale asymptotic homogenization method. In this approach, we consider the assumption of a generalized periodicity in the different structural levels and their characterization through the so-called stratified functions. The expressions for the associated local and homogenized problems, and the effective coefficients are derived at each level of organization by using the correspondence principle and the Laplace-Carson transform. Considering isotropic components and a perfect contact at the interfaces between the constituents, analytical solutions, in the Laplace-Carson space, are found for the local problems and the effective coefficients are computed. An interconversion procedure between the effective relaxation modulus and the effective creep compliance is carried out for obtaining information about both viscoelastic properties. The numerical inversion to the original temporal space is also performed. Finally, we exploit the potential of the approach and study the overall properties of a hierarchical viscoelastic composite structure representing the dermis.

Introduction: Knowledge about healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among health professionals is fundamental to reduce morbidity and mortality rates attributable to these infections. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge on HAIs in final-year students enrolled in the School of Health Sciences of Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted in a stratified random sample (n=98). A survey was administered to all participants in order to determine their knowledge about 3 specific areas: basics of HAIs, universal precautions and hand hygiene. Students who obtained an average score of 17.5 were considered as having an adequate level of knowledge about HAIs. Results: Participants' average age was 24.9 years, and 74.9% were female. The average scores of nursing, medical and bioanalysis students were 18, 18.04 and 17.25, respectively; the total average score was 17.87. 59.2% of the respondents obtained a passing score. In terms of the 3 areas of knowledge assessed in the survey, most of the students obtained a failing score in basics of HAIs (n=78) and the Hand hygiene (n=76) components, while the majority (n=91) had a passing score in the Universal precautions area. Conclusions: In general, all respondents have adequate knowledge about HAIs and their prevention. However, regardless of the academic program they were enrolled in, students showed a lack of knowledge regarding specific aspects of HAIs, such as the source of the microorganisms that cause these infections or the proper use of gloves, thus it is necessary that more attention is paid to these issues in their curricula. Resumen Introducción. El conocimiento acerca de las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud (IAAS) en profesionales en salud es fundamental para disminuir las tasas de morbimortalidad causadas por estas infecciones. Objetivo. Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre las IAAS en estudiantes del último año de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo realizado en una muestra aleatoria estratificada (n=98). Se aplicó una encuesta para determinar los conocimientos de los participantes sobre 3 áreas específicas: generalidades sobre IAAS, precauciones universales e higiene de las manos. Se consideró que los estudiantes tenían un conocimiento adecuado si obtenían un puntaje promedio de 17.5. Resultados. La edad promedio de los encuestados fue 24.9 años y el 74.9% fueron mujeres. En promedio, los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería, los de Medicina y los de Licenciatura en Bioanálisis obtuvieron 18, 18.04 y 17.25 puntos, respectivamente; el 59.2% de los respondientes aprobó la encuesta y el puntaje promedio total fue 17.87 puntos. En cuanto a las tres áreas de conocimiento evaluadas, la mayoría de estudiantes reprobó Generalidades sobre IAAS (n=78) e Higiene de las manos (n=76), mientras que la mayoría (n=91) aprobó Precauciones universales. Conclusiones. En general, los estudiantes encuestados tienen un conocimiento adecuado de las IAAS y su prevención; sin embargo, independiente del programa académico, se evidenciaron deficiencias en aspectos puntuales del tema, tales como la fuente de los microorganismos causantes de las IAAS y el uso adecuado de guantes, por lo que es necesario que los currículos de estos programas profundicen más al respecto.

We studied hummingbird ecology in the cloud forest of southeastern Peru, using mist nets and direct observations. This study was done in one area of the cloud forest of Manu road (Cuzco, Peru) at the beginning of the rainy season of 2011. We give a list of the hummingbirds (14 species) and the flowering plants that they use as nectar resources (~20 taxa in 11 families). We also comment on the abundance, distribution and importance of the hummingbird's role in the cloud forest ecosystem.

Mediante el presente documento de trata de resolver la pregunta, acerca del grado de eficacia de la ley 1448 de 2011 en materia de restitución de tierras. Para ello, primero, se plantea la teoría de la eficacia utilizando como marco teórico los trabajos de sociología jurídica del profesor Mauricio García Villegas y la profesora Julieta Lemaitre. Segundo, se hace una lectura desde el discurso de la eficacia de algunos instrumentos normativos del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano que en distintos tiempos han regulado el acceso y la tenencia de la tierra. En tercer lugar, se hace una lectura de la restitución de tierra en el marco de la Ley de Víctimas, poniendo en dialogo el discurso de la eficacia con la arquitectura jurídica del proceso en tanto lo administrativo como lo judicial. En cuarto lugar, se analiza la eficacia del proceso de Restitución de Tierras, desde el punto de vista de los instrumentos de planeación del gobierno nacional, utilizando para ello la información reportada en el sistema Sinergia del DNP. Se concluye, que el discurso de la eficacia es buen referente teórico para hacer análisis normativo, y se hace una propuesta de ampliación de su clasificación tanto en sus categorías instrumental como simbólica. Finalmente, se hace un llamado a fortalecer el discurso de la eficacia, por medio de herramientas provenientes de otras áreas del conocimiento. This thesis delves into the analysis and assessment of the levels of effectiveness of the law 1448 of 2011, well-known as the Victims Law. To do this, this document first explores the theory of effectiveness using as a theoretical framework the legal sociology research of Professor Mauricio García Villegas and Professor Julieta Lemaitre. Secondly, this document examines the discourse of the effectiveness of some regulatory instruments of the Colombian legal system. Those instruments have regulated access and land tenure, at different times. Thirdly, the Land Restitution is read in the framework of the Victims Law, making possible the dialogue between the discourse of effectiveness with the legal architecture of the process, both administrative and judicial. Fourth, the effectiveness of the Land Restitution process is analyzed, from the perspective of national government planning instruments, using the information reported in the DNP Synergy system. As a conclusion, the author of this thesis argues that the discourse of effectiveness is a good theoretical reference to make a normative analysis. The author proposes to extend its classification, both, in its instrumental and symbolic categories. Finally, this thesis called for the strengthening of the discourse of effectiveness, through tools from other fields of knowledge. Maestría Magíster en Derecho del Estado con énfasis en Derecho Público

El presente trabajo de grado para optar al titula de maestría en logística integral, presenta un modelo conceptual para la implementación de lean manufacturing en un sistema productivo de polipropileno orientado biaxialmente. En el primer capítulo se describe el objetivo del proyecto. En el segunda capitulo, se refiere la metodología a utilizar para el desarrollo de este proyecto. En el tercer y cuarto capítulo, se construye un marco teórico y estado del arte como bases para la construcción del modelo. En el quinto capítulo, aplicando los conceptos y el análisis de la información delos capítulos anteriores se desarrolló modelo conceptual de implementación. Por último, tenemos el capítulo sexto como análisis de los resultados obtenidos. Incluye referencias bibliográficas (páginas 72-80) y anexos

Este artículo presenta una breve encuesta entre profesores de escuelas públicas y la actuación de dos profesores que tuvieron la obligación de migrar de una enseñanza tradicional a una en línea debido a la pandemia y el cierre de sus instituciones. Sorpresivamente la Covid-19 obligó a todos los niveles escolares a modificar su sistema de enseñanza presencial a uno a distancia, mostrando entre otras cosas un cierto analfabetismo digital en el sector docente y graves diferencias sociales y económicas en la población. Si bien los sistemas escolares de nuestro país exhibían deficiencias por los bajos índices de aprovechamiento escolar, la actual pandemia evidenció dicho deterioro, pero tal vez este infortunio obligue a cuestionar nuestras formas y métodos de enseñanza y a establecer grupos de investigación que produzcan y seleccionen material digital de apoyo a la enseñanza, además, de implementar una verdadera política de actualización docente que permita a nuestra planta de profesores utilizar didácticamente las herramientas digitales disponibles.

Working Paper In this study we construct quarterly consumer confidence indicators of unemployment for the euro area using as input the consumer expectations for sixteen socio-demographic groups elicited from the Joint Harmonised EU Consumer Survey. First, we use symbolic regressions to link unemployment rates to qualitative expectations about a wide range of economic variables. By means of genetic programming we obtain the combination of expectations that best tracks the evolution of unemployment for each group of consumers. Second, we test the out-of-sample forecasting performance of the evolved expressions. Third, we use a state-space model with time-varying parameters to identify the main macroeconomic drivers of unemployment confidence and to evaluate whether the strength of the interplay between variables varies across the economic cycle. We analyse the differences across groups, obtaining better forecasts for respondents comprised in the first quartile with regards to the income of the household and respondents with at least secondary education. We also find that the questions regarding expected major purchases over the next 12 months and savings at present are by far, the variables that most frequently appear in the evolved expressions, hinting at their predictive potential to track the evolution of unemployment. For the economically deprived consumers, the confidence indicator seems to evolve independently of the macroeconomy. This finding is rather consistent throughout the economic cycle, with the exception of stock market returns, which governed unemployment confidence in the pre-crisis period.

The first case report of human dipylidiasis in Venezuela is presented, including the diagnosis and treatment of a two-year-old child’s infection. The diagnosis was parasitologically confirmed, the child was treated with praziquantel and the animal reservoir and its fleas were identified., {"references":["Hogan CA, Schwenk H. Dipylidium caninum Infection [Internet]. New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380:E39. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31116922 DOI:10.1056/NEJMicm1813985 PMID 31116922","Jiang P, Zhang X, Liu RD, Wang ZQ, Cui J. A human case of zoonotic dog tapeworm, Dipylidium caninum (Eucestoda: Dilepidiidae), in China. Korean J Parasitol [Internet]. 2017;55(1):61-4. Disponible en: http://parasitol.kr/journal/view.php?doi=10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.61 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.61 PMID 28285500 PMCID PMC5365269","Fanta Nuñez E. Parasitismo humano por Dipylidium caninum (Linneo 1758): Comunicación de dos casos. Rev Chil pediatría [Internet]. 1952;23(9):393-6. 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