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Immunological investigation involving 100 estrogen-progesterone receptor negative (RE-RP-) and 71 estrogen-progesterone receptor positive (RE+RP+) breast cancer patients demonstrated that Ki-67 expression in the former group was twice (49.8%) that in the latter (25.9%). Low Ki-67 expression was found in 39% of RE-RP-tumors whereas high expression--in 28% of RE+RP+ tumors.

Two groups of malignancies with significantly distinct ratios of Ki-67 and CD16 expression were identified. Significant direct and inverse correlations between the markers were established (p < 0.01) whereas either group revealed two contradicting patterns of immune response. Whatever hormone receptor, natural killer cells (IKC) (CD16) levels correlated directly with tumor size and lymph node incidence (p < 0.01). IKC (CD56) did not contribute to breast tumor response. Our findings on CD16 expression may be used as criteria in prognosis prediction.

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were assayed immunohistochemically in cytological smears and histological samples from 30 breast cancer patients. Since the results reported by the two research centers matched by 73%, it is suggested that running ER and PR determinations on cytological smears in cases of inoperable cancer, preoperative therapy and monitoring may be recommended. Therefore, the 3-4 year old records on ER and PR determinations should be regarded as null and void.

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor levels were assayed in 344 breast tumors. The following 4 patterns were identified: ER+ PR(+)--61%; ER+ PR- 24%; ER- PR(+)--15% and ER- PR(-)--35%. While no correlation was found between histological pattern, on the one hand, and the ER/PR ratio and age, on the other, there was one between estrogen and progesterone receptor content, on the one hand, and age, tumor size and metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes, on the other (p > 0.001).

A youth aged 16 was hospitalized in ophthalmological department for surgical treatment of the lower eyelid chalazion of the left eye. No helminths were diagnosed before surgery. Opening of the chalazion resulted in release of a thread-shaped helminth into the wound; the helminth was identified as immature Dirofilaria repens female. A solid connective tissue capsule formed round the parasite. Routes of Dirofilarias infection, its vectors, permanent, intermediate, and accidental hosts, and prevalence are discussed.

A washing and steaming station built by Finnish specialists in 1997 operates at the Ryazan petroleum processing plant. The process is completely automatic and hermetic, excludes the workers' contact with harmful industrial factors. There is a whole set of special clothes and individual protective means. The plant's gas-fighting and rescue service monitors the air environment every 3 months. There is a closed rinsing water regeneration system at the plant.

Preschool children with speech defects often have unfavourable history of family and perinatal diseases. Their health status is not satisfactory. Therefore, a special conditioning program should be developed and applied to children with speech defects.

Dried cholera diagnosticum for the slide coagglutination test was obtained. The diagnosticum, found to be highly active and specific, permitted the detection of Vibrio cholerae in the analyzed material at a concentration of 10(6)-10(8) microbial cells/ml. The diagnosticum was used during cholera epidemic in Daghestan for the detection and rapid identification of cholera vibrios. In all cases the positive results of the coagglutination test were confirmed by other investigation methods (no cases of hyperdiagnosis was registered). The production of these diagnostica in small batches on the basis of specialized research laboratories was recommended.

Examining the impact of contrast baths (CB) having temperatures of 38-40 and 25-26 degrees C on the physical fitness, blood pressures, and autonomic regulatory parameters of patients with Stages I and II hypertensive disease has demonstrated that CB exerts a hypotensive effect, reduces the tonicity of the sympathetic nervous system, enhances physical fitness and saves oxygen for cardiac performance. The outcomes remained for 3-12 months. The findings provide evidence for that CB is a pathogenetic and effective hydrotherapeutic technique for patients with Stages I and II hypertensive disease. CB was ascertained to have a more pronounced action on the tonicity of the sympathetic nervous system, when it ends with a cool bath (25-26 degrees C), so it is mostly indicated for hypertensives with severe hypersympathicotonia.

The O-specific polysaccharide, obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Francisella tularensis strain 15, contained 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (D-QuiNAc), 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-D-glucose (D-Qui4NFm), and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galacturonamide (D-GalNAcAN) in the ratios 1:1:2. Tri- and tetra-saccharide fragments were obtained on treatment of the polysaccharide with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and partial hydrolysis with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, respectively. On the basis of 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy of the polysaccharide and the saccharides, it was concluded that the O-antigen had the structure: ----4)-alpha-D-GalpNAcAN-(1----4)-alpha-D-GalpNAcAN-(1----3) -beta-D-QuipNAc-(1----2)-beta-D-Quip4NFm-(1----. This O-antigen is related in structure to those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O6, immunotype 1, and IID 1008, and Shigella dysenteriae type 7.