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Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2017-03-21T15:28:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Cristina Sousa Fonseca Dissertacao_V3.pdf: 2468543 bytes, checksum: 0106305f0507b539a4193e32fc414e57 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-03-21T16:02:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Cristina Sousa Fonseca Dissertacao V3.pdf: 2468543 bytes, checksum: 0106305f0507b539a4193e32fc414e57 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T16:02:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Cristina Sousa Fonseca Dissertacao V3.pdf: 2468543 bytes, checksum: 0106305f0507b539a4193e32fc414e57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-02 Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender de que forma é vivenciada a relação de humanização mãe/pai/bebê prematuro durante a hospitalização do recém-nascido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Buscou-se conhecer a construção de subjetividades, a partir da hospitalização e afastamento abrupto dos bebês. Foi utilizada uma abordagem descritiva, qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico. O material foi coletado por meio de observação no campo em uma instituição materno-infantil e pela realização de entrevistas utilizando-se um roteiro semiestruturado. A escolha das mães, dos pais e profissionais que participaram da pesquisa ocorreu por conveniência e na própria unidade de terapia intensiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas com sete mães, sete pais e sete profissionais que acompanharam e vivenciaram a experiência da separação precoce com seu recém-nascido, assim como o cuidado em sua prática cotidiana com neonatos prematuros, além de uma entrevista coletiva e não diretiva, com quatro mães que se encontravam no “Espaço Mãe”. O fundamento teórico foi o referencial de Winnicott, uma abordagem Psicanalítica de como se dá a construção do vínculo materno. As discussões e resultados permitiram: compreender os desafios encontrados pelas mães, pais e profissionais de saúde no processo de vinculação com o bebê internado; os sentimentos diante da separação precoce; as relações construídas entre as mães, pais e equipe de saúde no contexto hospitalar; questões atinentes à comunicação entre os profissionais com as mães, pais e familiares; estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelas mães na aproximação com seu filho, bem como na travessia do sofrimento vivido. Procurou compreender a relação de humanização e o acolhimento direcionado às mães e aos pais pela equipe de saúde, ofertando estratégias de atenção mais humanizadas. Conclui-se que a intervenção oportuna, incorporada ao cuidado humanizado estabelecido pelo diálogo constante com a equipe de saúde, pode construir redes de apoio direcionadas à reaproximação do bebê com seus principais cuidadores no momento da separação, o que possivelmente resultará na redução da sua permanência na unidade hospitalar e de uma melhor qualidade do vínculo parental. This research aims to understand how is experienced the relationship of humanization of the mother / father / premature baby during the hospitalization of newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to know the construction of subjectivities since the hospitalization and the abrupt separation of the babies. A descriptive qualitative and ethnographic approach, was used. The material was collected by observation in the field in the Institution and by conducting interviews using a semi-structured script. The choice of mothers, parents and professionals who participated in the survey was for convenience and occurred in the intensive care unit. Interviews were conducted with seven mothers, seven fathers and seven professional who followed and lived the experience of the early separation of the newborn as well as took care of premature infants in their daily practice. The theoretical foundation was Winnicott reference, a Psychoanalytic approach of how is the construction of the maternal bond. The discussions and results allowed to: understand the challenges faced by mothers, parents and health professionals in the binding process with the hospitalized baby; feelings about the early separation; the relationships built between mothers, fathers and health professionals in the hospital setting; issues related to communication between professionals and the mothers, fathers and families; coping strategies used by mothers to approach their child, as well as the suffering experienced. The research looked for understanding the humanizing relationship and the support directed to mothers and fathers by the health team, offering more humanized care strategies. It concluded that early intervention, incorporated into the humanized care established by the constant dialogue with the healthcare team, can build support networks aimed at baby rapprochement with their primary caregivers at the moment of separation, which might result in a reduction of their stay in hospital and a better quality of parental bonding.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Esta dissertação apresenta pesquisa sobre processos de ensino em bandas de música que participaram do IX Festival de Bandas e Fanfarras de Santarém (PA) – 2015. O objetivo geral consistiu em investigar os processos de ensino nas bandas e fanfarras escolares na preparação para referido Festival. A importância desta pesquisa está na necessidade de investigar a educação musical em Santarém, em face de seu destaque cultural na vida social local, em especial o ensino em banda no contexto da educação básica na preparação para o Festival de Bandas e Fanfarras Escolares, como contexto gerador de práticas socioculturais e educativas que podem ajudar a identificar processos de ensino na atuação de professores de música deste município. Foram aplicadas entrevistas em história oral junto a quatro instrutores e/ou regentes de três bandas de três escolas públicas daquela localidade. As entrevistas foram transcritas, textualizadas e por fim transcriadas em narrativas. Assisti a ensaios dessas bandas, bem como às suas apresentações nos desfiles cívicos e no Festival e fiz a descrição densa, detalhada e extensiva do que observei em campo. As informações foram interpretadas analisadas a partir das noções de habitus e campo. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram “princípios”, “métodos” e “procedimentos técnicos” que parecem ser as marcas de uma pedagogia própria do mundo das bandas e fanfarras escolares de Santarém – pelo menos daquelas que investiguei e participam dos desfiles e do Festival e neste pretendem alcançar destaque. São modos de sentir, pensar e agir a uma vez artísticos e sociais, reciprocamente implicados que denomino de “pedagogia do todo”, porque já não se trata de um ensino estritamente musical, mas artístico e também de gestão, no qual se ensina e se aprende a fazer tudo This dissertation presents research on teaching processes in music bands that participated in the IX Band and Fanfares Festival of Santarém (PA) – 2015. The overall objective was to investigate the processes of teaching in school bands and fanfares in preparation for that Festival. The importance of this research is the need to investigate the musical education in Santarém, in the face of their cultural highlight in the local social life, especially school band in the context of basic education in preparation for the Band and Fanfares School Festival, as context generator of socio-cultural and educational practices that can help identify processes of teaching music teacher performance of this municipality. Interviews were administered in oral history with four instructors and / or conductors of three bands of three public schools in that locality. The interviews were transcribed, textualized and finally “transcriadas” in narratives. I attended the trials of these bands, as well as their performances in civic parades and Festival and made dense, detailed and extensive description of what I observed in the field. The information was interpreted analyzed from the habitus concepts and field. The survey results showed "principles", "methods" and "technical procedures" that seem to be the marks of a characteristic of the world pedagogy of school bands and fanfares of Santarém – at least those who investigated and participate in the parade and Festival and this They aim to achieve prominence. Are ways of feeling, thinking and acting as artistic and social reciprocally involved which I call "pedagogy of all" because it is no longer a strictly musical education, but artistic as well as management, which is taught and learn to do everything.

Following the emergence of the financial crisis in August 2007, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision established in 2010 a new global regulatory framework. In addition to raising capital requirements, it introduced three ratios, two of which set out minimum standards for liquidity and funding risk, i.e. the liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable funding ratio, and one which aims to limit leverage in the banking system, i.e. the leverage ratio. All three ratios can have a number of implications for monetary policy implementation, in particular the liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable funding ratio owing to the special role of central banks in providing liquidity. This paper investigates the extent to which the regulatory initiatives might have already had an impact on banks’ behaviour in Eurosystem monetary policy operations. It also provides an overview of the regulatory state of play and major recent advancements in banks’ compliance with the three Basel III ratios. Based on aggregate data, the empirical evidence generally supports some of the theoretically predicted effects of the three ratios. However, no firm conclusions can be drawn as to whether the introduction of the three ratios could cause a significant change in banks’ recourse to Eurosystem monetary policy operations. This is partly due to the fact that, in aggregate, major developments, such as substantial fluctuations in the recourse to Eurosystem refinancing operations in the years between 2012 and 2015, have been driven by the financial crisis and the gradual recovery from it, as well as by the accommodative stance of monetary policy.

La enfermedad de Chagas, causada por Trypanosoma cruzi, es una parasitosis endémica en 21 países de América Latina, donde se transmite por las heces contaminadas de triatominos, provoca más de 7.000 muertes anuales y cerca de 25 millones de personas están en riesgo de contraer la infección. Clasificada por la OMS como una de las 17 enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, principalmente se extiende entre la población más desfavorecida de las zonas rurales. Sin embargo, vías de trasmisión alternativas como la transfusional o la congénita, y los movimientos migratorios, han hecho de ella una enfermedad emergente en países como EE.UU, Australia o España, afectando a más de 7 millones de personas en el mundo. La fase aguda aparece una semana tras la infección y posee baja mortalidad (

Devido às restrições ambientais, falta de mão-de-obra e a busca por melhor eficiência, a colheita de cana-de-açúcar tende a ser mecanizada, fazendo com que grande quantidade de palhada esteja disponível no solo. Somada à palha, a vinhaça é o principal resíduo líquido da indústria sucroalcooleira. Ambos são depositados a campo; porém, o efeito da interação entre os mesmos, ainda não está esclarecido. Avaliou-se a influência da aplicação de palha de cana-de-açúcar e vinhaça no pH e nos teores de potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) em Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico de alta saturação por bases. Em 64 colunas de PVC de 0,036 × 0,30 m (diâmetro × altura) foram reproduzidos perfis do solo coletados nas profundidades 0-0,05; 0,06-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,30 m, em área de cultivo. Os solos foram tratados com vinhaça, em doses equivalentes a 0, 125, 250 e 500 m3 ha-1 e 0, 3, 6 e 9 t ha-1 de palha de cana-de-açúcar e submetidos à incubação por 60 dias. Após as análises por camada, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com desdobramento dos graus de liberdade em polinômios ortogonais. Com a aplicação de vinhaça, houve elevação do pH e dos teores de Ca, Mg e K, com distribuição em todo o perfil. Observou-se desequilíbrio de bases nas camadas superficiais devido à alta saturação de K. A palha de cana-de-açúcar potencializou o efeito da vinhaça em todas as profundidades analisadas, mas não foi suficiente para aumentar o pH. Melhores resultados foram obtidos com as doses de 300 m3 ha-1 de vinhaça e 6 t ha-1 de palha de cana-de-açúcar. Sugarcane harvesting is predominantly mechanical because of environmental restrictions, reduced requirements for manpower, and the quest for improved efficiency. Therefore, large amounts of straw remain available in the soil. Vinasse, a liquid waste, is a main byproduct of the sugar and alcohol industry, in addition to sugarcane straw. Both accumulate in sugarcane fields; however, the effects of their interaction are unclear. In this study, the effects of applications of sugarcane straw and vinasse on the pH and the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of a dystroferric Red Nitosol with a high base saturation were examined. The profiles of soil samples from sugarcane plantations collected at depths of 0-0.05, 0.06-0.10, 0.11-0.20, and 0.21-0.30 m were reproduced in 64 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns with dimensions of 0.036 × 0.30 m (diameter × height). The soils were treated with doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 m3 ha-1 sugarcane vinasse and 0, 3, 6, and 9 t ha-1 sugarcane straw and incubated for 60 days. Following the analysis, by layer, the data were subjected to analysis of variance by partitioning the degrees of freedom into orthogonal polynomials. The pH and the Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased throughout the soil profile upon vinasse application. An acid-base imbalance was observed in the topsoil layers in association with the high K saturation. The application of sugarcane straw enhanced the effects of the vinasse across all of the depths analyzed but did not increase the pH. The best results were obtained when applying a dose of 300 m3 ha-1 vinasse and 6 t ha-1 sugarcane straw.

This study aims to understand the ways of insertion of two schools located on the outskirts in their community, by testimony of its managers. The aim is to investigate the perceptions of these communities by school managers, and to reveal how far or how close from its vicinity the school is. The responses of school managers were grouped into two thematic clusters as referred to the community or the relationship between school and community. The study indicated that the peripheral community is predominantly perceived as a problematic community. This dominant representation contributes to the relationship between the school and the community be marked by conflicts and divergences. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender los modos de inserción de dos escuelas en su comunidad a través de los testimonios de los administradores de la escuela. El objetivo es investigar las representaciones acerca de la comunidad para los administradores y revelar procesos de aproximación o desapego de la escuela en su comunidad. Las respuestas dadas por los administradores se agruparon en dos conjuntos temáticos de acuerdo con relación à la comunidad o de la relación escuela-comunidad. El estudio indicó que las representaciones construidas acerca una comunidad periférica, predominantemente percibida como una comunidad problemática, se impone y contribuye para que la relación escuela-comunidad ser marcada por conflictos y desencontros. Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender os modos de inserção de duas escolas na comunidade na qual se situam por meio de depoimentos de gestores escolares. Busca-se investigar as representações dos gestores sobre a comunidade e desvelar os processos de aproximação e/ou distanciamento da escola com o entorno escolar. As respostas dadas pelos gestores foram agrupadas em dois conjuntos temáticos conforme se referiam à comunidade ou a relação escola-comunidade. O estudo indicou que as representações construídas sobre uma comunidade de periferia, percebida predominantemente como uma comunidade problema, se impõe e contribui para que a relação escola-comunidade seja marcada por conflitos e desencontros.

Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for wrapping axons with myelin in order to insulate them and allow for a faster conduction of the nervous impulse. The axonal signals that determine whether an axon is myelinated, and what regulates the number of wraps is still not fully understood. The importance of signals that initiate myelination is significant because they may point to novel therapies for Multiple Sclerosis, where remyelination prevents the axon degeneration that is thought to underlie chronic disease. Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) has been identified as a key axonal signaling molecule that regulates myelin thickness and glial fate in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the PNS, neuregulin I type III is a necessary and sufficient signal that regulates axoglial interaction. The role of neuregulin in the CNS remains unclear and controversial. Integrins, the major family of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors are involved in the regulation of many fundamental cellular functions. Interaction with a wide range of receptors including growth factor receptors is well described. Our lab showed that α6β1 integrin regulates oligodendrocyte survival signaling by amplification of neuregulin activity. We have found that mice expressing a dominant-negative β1 integrin (that reduces β1 integrin signaling independently of ligand binding) in myelinating oligodendrocytes require a larger axon diameter to initiate myelination. These results suggest that there are other signals in the axon that also contribute to initiation of myelination. We therefore hypothesized that β1 integrin and neuregulin act in concert and play a role in axoglial interactions that sense the axon size and initiate myelination. By crossing the dominant negative β1 integrin mice with heterozygous mice for neuregulin 1 and analyzing myelination, we have found that neuregulin does not enhance the phenotype previously described. This result together with previous reports that mice lacking NRG1, ErbB3 or ErbB4 (the neuregulin receptors expressed on oligodendrocytes) have normal CNS myelin sheaths demonstrates that neuregulin 1 is not required for CNS myelination. Interestingly, neuregulin 1 has been associated as a susceptibility gene in schizophrenia, a disease independently associated with myelin abnormalities (Davis et al., 2003; Hakak et al., 2001). Post-mortem brains of schizophrenic patients showed an increased level of neuregulin 1 type IV. We have analysed mice overexpressing neuregulin 1 type IV (Nrg1 type IV) and show that increased levels of neuregulin 1 type IV does not alter the brain morphology or myelin pattern and integrity. A possible explanation is that since neuregulin 1 type IV is human specific, the mice lack species-specific receptors or other neuregulins have compensatory equilibrium mechanism that are not destabilized by overexpression of neuregulin 1 type IV.