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Application of natural dyes has increased interest in the past few years due to the eco-friendly behavior of these dyes. The present research is concerned with the effect of UV on dyeing behavior of cotton using marigold as source of natural Lutein dye. This is colorant lutein which imparts greenish yellow color to cotton fabric. The dye powder and cotton fabric were exposed to UV-radiation for different time intervals prior to dyeing and dyeing was performed at different dyeing variables. International Standard Organization (ISO) methods were employed to evaluate the color fastness properties, such as color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. It is found that 90 min exposure of UV radiations was the optimum condition for surface modification and dyeing of 70 min at 40°C give excellent results using 4 g/L salt to achieve maximum exhaustion. For improvement of color fastness, tannic acid (8%) as pre- and 6% as post-mordant is the best condition. It is found that UV ray treatment can be used to ...

The present study is concerned with dyeing of gamma irradiated and biotreated cotton fabric using direct dyes. Dyeing was performed after exposing fabric to gamma rays at 18 and 14 kGy for Direct Yellow 12 and Direct Yellow 27, respectively, using Cs-137 irradiator. It was found that dyeing of biopolished cotton after gamma rays treatment gives good color strength at 50 °C for 70 min keeping M:L of 1:40 in the presence of 4 g/L of salt using Direct Yellow 12. While for Direct Yellow 27, better results were obtained at 50 °C for 50 min keeping M:L of 1:40 in the presence of 2 g/L salt. The biotreatment of fabric before gamma rays irradiation has reduced dyeing time and amount of salt used which shows that it is the time effective tool for direct dyeing of cotton. The improvement in colorfastness properties show that biotreatment before gamma ray treatment is an effective method for modifying textile processing.

Diagnosis of cartilage damage in early stages of arthritis is vital to impede the progression of disease. In this regard, considerable progress has been made in near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging technique. Arthritis can develop due to various mechanisms but one of the main contributors is the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that can degrade components of the extracellular matrix. Especially, MMP-1 and MMP-13 have main roles in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis because they enhance collagen degradation in the process of arthritis. We present here a novel NIRF imaging strategy that can be used to determine the activity of MMPs and cartilage damage simultaneously by detection of exposed type II collagen in cartilage tissue. In this study, retro-orbital injection of mixed fluorescent dyes, MMPSense 750 FAST (MMP750) dye and Alexa Fluor 680 conjugated monoclonal mouse antibody immune-reactive to type II collagen, was administered in the arthritic mice. Both dyes were detected with different intensity according to degree of joint destruction in the animal. Thus, our dual fluorescence imaging method can be used to detect cartilage damage as well as MMP activity simultaneously in early stage arthritis.

Detection and intervention at an early stage is a critical factor to impede arthritis progress. Here we present a non-invasive method to detect inflammatory changes in joints of arthritic mice. Inflammation was monitored by dual fluorescence optical imaging for near-infrared fluorescent (750F) matrix-metalloproteinase activatable agent and allophycocyanin-conjugated anti-mouse CD11b. Increased intensity of allophycocyanin (indication of macrophage accumulation) and 750F (indication of matrix-metalloproteinase activity) showed a biological relationship with the arthritis severity score and the histopathology score of arthritic joints. Our results demonstrate that this method can be used to detect early stages of arthritis with minimum intervention in small animal models.

This article presents adaptive integral sliding mode control algorithm for the stabilization of nonholonomic drift-free systems. First the system is transformed, by using input transform, into a special structure containing a nominal part and some unknown terms which are computed adaptively. The transformed system is then stabilized using adaptive integral sliding mode control. The stabilizing controller for the transformed system is constructed that consists of the nominal control plus a compensator control. The compensator control and the adaptive laws are derived on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed control algorithm is applied to three different nonholonomic drift-free systems: the unicycle model, the front wheel car model, and the mobile robot with trailer model. The controllability Lie algebra of the unicycle model contains Lie brackets of depth one, the model of a front wheel car contains Lie brackets of depths one and two, and the model of a mobile robot with trailer contains Lie brackets of depths one, two, and three. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is verified through numerical simulations.

Introduction To understand the role of the placenta during fetal growth, one should know placental changes in relation to gestation. In this contest, the present study was carried out to compare histoarchitectural changes in first trimester (0–13 weeks) and second trimester (14–26 weeks) human placentas. Material and methods Thirty placentas were collected from labor room and operation theater, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh and were divided into two groups of 10 and 20 placentas of first trimester and second trimester, respectively. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution. From each placenta, whole thickness tissue blocks were processed for paraffin embedding method and 5 micron thick sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Weigert & Van Gieson stains and processed for light microscopic observation. Results There is increase in syncytial knot count, fibrinoid necrosis, vasculosyncytial membrane and decrease in cytotrophoblastic cells and Hofbauer cells in chorionic villi of first trimester as compared to second trimester placentas. The appearance of microvilli and syncytial bud on the syncytium was observed as early as 6 weeks of first trimester while they were absent in the villus of second trimester placentas. With advancing gestational age, there is a gradual increase in the number of capillaries in villus from first trimester to second trimester placentas. Discussion Our results are similar to previous studies and were in conformity with their findings of histoarchitectural changes in first trimester and second trimester human placentas.

Current study was aimed to develop 200mg controlled release matrix tablets of Losartan Potassium using Ethocel 100 Premium and Ethocel 100 FP Premium as rate controlling polymer. In-vitro studies were performed according to USP Method-I in phosphate buffer (PH 6.8) using pharma test dissolution apparatus. The temperature of the dissolution medium was kept constant at 37±0.5°C at 100rpm. Flow properties, physical quality control tests, effect of polymer size and drug-to-polymers ratios were studied using different kinetics models such as 1st-order, zero-order, Hixon Crowell model, Highuchi model and Power law. Difference factor f1 and similarity factor f2 were applied for dissolution profiles against Cardaktin® tablets used as a reference formulation. The matrices with polymer ethocel 100 FP Premiums have prolonged the drug release rate as compared to polymer ethocel 100 Premiums. The n values matrices with polymer ethocel grade 100 ranged from 0.603 to 0.857 indicating that the drug release occurred by anomalous non fickian diffusion kinetics while then value of reference Cardaktin® tablet was measured as 0.125 indicating that these tablets do not follow power law. The dissolution profiles of test formulations were different than that of reference Cardaktin®. This suggests the polymer Ethocel grade 100 can be proficiently incorporated in fabrication and development of once a day controlled release matrix tablets.

Abstact The present paper reports on the fabrication and investigation of a novel poly (9, 9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) based humidity and temperature sensor. A thin film of F8, with a thickness of 230 nm, was drop casted on cleaned glass substrate with pre-patterned silver electrodes to form Ag/F8/Ag planar sensor . Gap between the electrodes was 45 μm. Capacitance and resistance measurements against relative-humidity have been carried out at two different frequencies i.e. 120 Hz and 1 k Hz. The capacitance increases while the resistance decreases by almost 4.06 and 1.27 times the initial value, at 120 Hz and 1 k Hz, respectively. Temperature-dependent investigations reveal that capacitance increases 1.54 times with elevating temperatures. The response and recovery times, which show degree of sensor-efficiency, were recorded as 15 s and 7 s, respectively. The surface morphology and structure of the films have been studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). For determination of functional groups within F8, FT-IR spectroscopy has been carried out.

In present spirited business environment, marketers and advertisers are facing trouble in the selection of viable marketing channels. Obviously, mobile phone and electronic mail are the two interesting communication sources. This study aims to emphasize on the effectiveness of mobile and email marketing channels using AIDA model. The study applied qualitative approach to collect data through semi-structured interviews from the registered customers of a retailer and whole sales company “Metro-Habib Cash & Carry Pakistan (MHCCP)”. The collected data were analyzed through matrix structure by defining themes and color codes. The sub-rows and columns were re-arranged with the help of iterative approach to properly manage the data. The study clarified that mobile marketing channel creates better market attention, interest, desire and purchase action as compared to email marketing channel.

Background Autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis is an inherited disorder of hair characterized by less dense, short, and tightly curled hair on the scalp and sometimes less dense to complete absence of eyebrows and eyelashes. Autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis phenotypes are mostly associated with pathogenic sequence variants in LIPH and LPAR6 genes. Methods To find out the molecular basis of the disease, five families with autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis were recruited for genetic analysis. Direct Sanger sequencing of LIPH and LPAR6 genes was carried out using BigDye chain termination chemistry. P2RY5 protein homology models were developed to study the effect of mutation on protein structure in a family having novel mutation. Results Sanger sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.47A>T) in the LPAR6 gene in family A, while recurrent mutation (c.436G>A) was detected in the rest of the four families (B-E). Protein homology models for both native and mutant P2RY5 protein were developed to study the difference in subtle structural features because of Lys16Met (K16M) mutation. We observed that P2RY5K16M mutation results decrease in the number of ionic interactions detrimental to the protein stability. Protein modeling studies revealed that the novel mutation identified here decreased the number of ionic interactions by affecting physicochemical parameters of the protein, leading to an overall decrease in protein stability with no major secondary structural changes. Conclusion The molecular analysis further confirms the frequent involvement of LPAR6 in autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis, while the bioinformatic study revealed that the missense mutation destabilizes the overall structure of P2RY5 protein.

In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that immunonanosomes carrying the drug [5-(p-Fluorophenyl)-2-ureido]thiophene-3-carboxamide (TPCA-1) will help in reducing nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)-associated inflammation in porcine chondrocytes against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced stress. The nanosomes were tagged with monoclonal anti-type II collagen (MabCII) antibody to specifically target the exposed type II collagen in cartilage matrix. TPCA-1 at a concentration of 10 µM significantly reduced expression of the matrix-degrading enzyme, Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and blocked the p65 nuclear translocation. In comparison to the TPCA-1 solution alone, the TPCA-1 nanosomes were found to be more effective in reducing the cellular toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation in chondrocytes treated with TNF-α. In addition, TPCA-1 nanosomes were more effective in reducing the gene expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2α) that in turn is associated with the regulation of MMP-13 gene. TPCA-1 nanosomes significantly reduced expression of both these genes. The data also showed that TPCA-1 did not attenuate the down-regulated gene expression levels of anabolic genes aggrecan (ACAN) and collagen type II alpha (COL2A1). In conclusion, this study showed that TPCA-1 nanosomes carrying a dose of 10 µM TPCA-1 can effectively increase the survival of cultured porcine chondrocytes against TNF-α-induced stress. The findings of this study could be used to develop nanosome-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) for animal model of OA. Moreover, the approach presented here can be further utilized in other studies for targeted delivery of the drug of interest at a cellular level.

The notion of [Formula: see text]-ideal was introduced in [G. Q. Abbasi, S. Ahmad, I. Anwar and W. A. Baig, [Formula: see text]-Ideals of degree 2, Algebra Colloq. 19(1) (2012) 921–926] in 2012 and has been studied in many papers after that. In this paper, we have studied those graphs whose Stanley–Reisner ideals turn out to be [Formula: see text]-ideals. We give a characterization and construction of these graphs and show that, unlike [Formula: see text]-graphs, these graphs are always connected. We have also discussed when these graphs are complete bipartite graphs. Moreover, we classify those graphs for which both the facet ideal (the edge ideal) and the Stanley–Resiner ideal, are [Formula: see text]-ideals.

Survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against oxidative stress and inflammation is vital for effective stem cell therapy. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) result in apoptosis and release of inflammatory mediators. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have shown promise for stem cell therapy owing to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. Previously, we showed the benefits of vitamin E against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative stress in rat bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of vitamin E treatment on porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pASCs) against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. The oxidative stress was induced by treating pASCs with 500 μM H(2)O(2) with or without vitamin E. Viability of pASCs is enhanced after vitamin E treatment. In addition, reduced cellular toxicity, total NO level, PGE(2) production and caspase-3 activity were observed after vitamin E treatment. Gene expression analysis of vitamin E-treated pASCs showed down-regulated expression for the genes associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis, viz., NOS2, Casp3, p53, BAX, MDM2, NF𝜅B, HIF1α and VEGF-A genes. On the other hand, expression of anti-apoptotic and survival genes was up-regulated, viz., BCL2, BCL2L1 and MCL1. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Akt was attenuated following vitamin E treatment. The findings of this study may help in developing effective stem cell therapy for the diseases characterized by the oxidative stress and inflammation.

Objective: The aim of our research was frequency determination in the patients of gall bladder experiencing the cholelithiasis surgery. Place and Duration: The research was descriptive by design and it was completed in the time of two years starting from January, 2015 to December, 2017 in Allied hospital, Faisalabad. Patients and Methods: We included two hundred cholelithiasis patients who experienced cholecystectomy in the setting of our research. We included both male and female having the incidence of cholelithiasis, which was diagnosed through clinical manifestations and ultrasonography. Uniform process was adopted for every patient including history, investigations, physical examination and treatment and documented every information on a specified proforma. Results: In the total research sample patients were processed through gall bladder stone disease surgery, gall bladder carcinoma was observed in 8 cases (4%). The range of the age was from 35 – 70 years. Mean age was observed in female and male respectively 50 (+5.3) and 56 (+ 2) years. Ratio of female to male three to one. On the basis of USG, we observed 3 cases (37.50%) having an advanced disease in addition to the carcinoma as a pre-operative sign. Conclusion: Gall bladder carcinoma frequency in our sample was higher in comparison to the population of western research studies. Dominance of female number was observed than males facing the subject issue. USG can possibly cause the miss malignant lesions; therefore, all the specimen of gall bladder is to undergo histopathology. While, in the un-suspected patients experiencing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gall bladder gentle handling becomes critical to evade any port site implantation that results by bile spillage. Key Words: Gall bladder, Carcinoma, Cholelithiasis, Laparoscopy, Cholecystectomy.

Objective: We aimed at the perinatal outcomes evaluation in the mothers having diabetes mellitus at the tertiary healthcare centers. Design: Research was descriptive in nature. Place and Duration: Research was carried out in the OPD, Labor ward, Gynecology and Obstetrics Mayo Hospital Lahore. Research was carried out from July, 2016 to June, 2017 and it took one year in its completion. Patients and Methods: We included in the research a total of 110 pregnant cases in the age limit of 20 – 40 years without considering their obstetrics history and parity. Sample was selected through convenience non-probability technique of sampling. All the women having eclampsia, pregnancy induced hypertension, antepartum hemorrhage and medical disorders were not selected in our research. A Performa was used for the documentation of patient’s information and data analysis was made with the help of SPSS – 21. Results: We observed in the cases and peri-natal complications the incidence of macrosomia as 41.8% fetuses, infant’s biochemical abnormalities were observed in the 85.3% of the cases, moderate nature to severe state birth asphyxia was observed in 33.6% and congenital malformations were noticed in the six infants associated to the mothers having diabetes. Conclusion: In the diabetic pregnancy related peri-natal difficulties of mothers having diabetes are repeated in the women with a higher incidence of parity. Macrosomia, asphyxia and biochemical abnormalities are repeated peri-natal complications as observed in the setting of this research. Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Biochemical Abnormalities, Asphyxia and Macrosomia.

Objective: We aimed at the perinatal outcomes evaluation in the mothers having diabetes mellitus at the tertiary healthcare centers. DESIGN: Research was descriptive in nature. Place and Duration: Research was carried out in the OPD, Labor ward, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lady Atichison Hospital, Lahore. Research was carried out from July, 2016 to June, 2017 and it took one year in its completion. Patients and Methods: We included in the research a total of 110 pregnant cases in the age limit of 20 – 40 years without considering their obstetrics history and parity. Sample was selected through convenience non-probability technique of sampling. All the women having eclampsia, pregnancy induced hypertension, antepartum hemorrhage and medical disorders were not selected in our research. A Performa was used for the documentation of patient’s information and data analysis was made with the help of SPSS – 21. Results: We observed in the cases and peri-natal complications the incidence of macrosomia as 41.8% fetuses, infant’s biochemical abnormalities were observed in the 85.3% of the cases, moderate nature to severe state birth asphyxia was observed in 33.6% and congenital malformations were noticed in the six infants associated to the mothers having diabetes. Conclusion: In the diabetic pregnancy related peri-natal difficulties of mothers having diabetes are repeated in the women with a higher incidence of parity. Macrosomia, asphyxia and biochemical abnormalities are repeated peri-natal complications as observed in the setting of this research. Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Biochemical Abnormalities, Asphyxia and Macrosomia.

It is estimated that around more than 2% of the population of world is suffering with hepatitis C virus and death cases because of cirrhosis and liver cancer is more than 350000.The load and epidemiology of HCV infection is different in the different parts of the world. It vary with country particular prevalence range from 10%. In comparison with USA and other urbanized countries the spread of infection in poor countries commonly outcome of contact to infected blood in society settings and healthcare centers. HCV management programs must be country specific which may be different by background and rank of economic progress. Worldwide HCV is a main cause of liver disease and in future it would be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The complication related to the geographic allocation of HCV infection and its linked risk factor increases its progression. No vaccine is available for HCV and no later than exposure for HCV prophylaxis, so the focal point of most important escaping work must be secure supply of blood, protected management care and people who use drug decrease the number of those people in developing countries. Key words: Hepatitis, Genome, Treatment. Epidemiology

Natural products with therapeutic nature are nowadays warmly welcomed in textiles. Current study is concerned with isolation of tannin from neem bark (Azadirachta indica) and its application onto silk fabric. For improvement in shades, chemical & bio-mordants have been employed at optimal dyeing conditions. It is found that methanolic extract of pH 5 obtained 8 g dye powder after US Treatment for 30 min has given high color strength if used to dye irradiated silk for 65 min at 75 °C. Bio-mordanting using herbal plants has improved the color characteristics as compared to chemical mordants used. ISO standards for color fastness reveal that herbal based bio-mordants have improved the rating from good to excellent as compared to chemical mordants used. It is concluded that US treatment has not only isolate the colorant for neem bark under mild condition but also given excellent characteristic using bio mordants onto silk fabrics.

Beta amino acids are the important macromolecules on earth and building blocks. They play key role in biological systems of living organisms. They are utilized as a part of arrangement for the most part pharmaceuticals. They have huge part in human science. They have pharmaceutical properties like as hypoglycaemic, antiketogenic, antibacterial properties, antifungal exercises and powerful insecticidal properties. They have pharmaceutical applications as they are utilized to get ready pharmaceutical items and agrochemical target atoms. Not just them, but their derivatives also play significant roles in different systems of organismal bodies. They also act as essential enzymes in humans as well as in animals. So, this review explores the scope of Beta amino acids.

This article presents an adaptive integral sliding mode control (SMC) design method for parameter identification and hybrid synchronization of chaotic systems connected in ring topology. To employ the adaptive integral sliding mode control, the error system is transformed into a special structure containing nominal part and some unknown terms. The unknown terms are computed adaptively. Then the error system is stabilized using integral sliding mode control. The controller of the error system is created that contains both the nominal control and the compensator control. The adapted laws and compensator controller are derived using Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated through numerical examples.

In this world there are more than 200 countries each of them having separate domestic legal systems agent inside their individual cutoff points. Distinctive countries have diverse domestic laws as well as have distinctive conflict rules, a marriage might be legitimate in one nation and invalid in another. The hardship and bother can ascend from gatherings having the status of wedded individual in one nation however not in another is self-evident. In what manner can this be maintained a strategic distance from? The one conceivable answer for that issue can be the International tradition which can harmonies the contention guidelines of various nations which is incomprehensible another arrangement is that the English court may have the capacity to secure consistency with the nation whose principles of contention of law is not quite the same as England the English court utilize decision of law of that nation rather than English one. This conveys us to the precept of Renvoi. The Doctrine of Renvoi is a legal precept which applies when a court is gone up against with a contention of law and must consider the law of another state, suggested as private worldwide law ("PIL") rules. This can apply while considering remote issues developing in movement orchestrating and in overseeing homes. "Renvoi" starts from the French "send back" or "return unopened". The "regulation of Renvoi" is the technique by which the court grasps the standards of a remote locale concerning any contention of law that develops. The idea behind the convention is that it foresees discussion shopping and a comparable law is associated with achieve a comparative outcome paying little regard to where the case is truly overseen. The arrangement of Renvoi attempts to finish that end.

This study aims at investigating the effect of psychological capital on the ethical behavior of teachers in the higher educational sector of Pakistan. This study applied quantitative approach to collect data through questionnaire based survey from the teaching staff of Rawalpindi and Islamabad region universities in Pakistan. This study used descriptive statistics and step wise regression to analyze the collected data. Results of the study indicate that psychological capital has positive and statistically significant effect on the ethical behavior of teachers in the higher educational sector of Pakistan. This study addresses the need to investigate the relationship of psychological capital with the ethical behavior of teachers in the higher educational sector of Pakistan, which can help in understanding the nature of these variables in the higher educational sector of Pakistan.

In this article, a new solution to the stabilization problem of the nonholonomic systems in chained form is presented, which is based on super twisting sliding mode control. The nonholonomic system in chained form is decomposed into two subsystems. The first subsystem consists of the single state variable, while the second subsystem comprises of the remaining state variables. Firstly, the second subsystem is stabilized by using super twisting sliding mode control, while applying the first subsystem constant input. Secondly, after the stabilization of the second subsystem, the first subsystem is stabilized by using Signum function. The proposed algorithm is tested on a nonholonomic front wheel car model. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

The revival of cultural heritage in a form of natural colorants for textile dyeing is gaining popularity due to their soothing nature and bright shades. The present study was conducted to explore the coloring potential of harmala (Peganum harmala) seeds and to improve color strength of dye using microwave radiations followed by a mordanting process. The results showed that harmala plant seeds could be an excellent source of natural dyes for cotton dyeing if the irradiated acidified methanolic extract (RE, 4 min) is used to dye un-irradiated fabric (NRC) at 85 °C for 45 min using a dye bath of pH 9.0 having salt concentration of 7 g/100 mL. Alum (1%) as pre-mordants and iron (7%) as post-mordants have improved the color strength in chemical mordanting more than other mordants employed. The bio-mordants employed reveal that 10% of acacia as pre-bio-mordants and 7% of acacia as post-bio-mordants are effective amounts to obtain high color strength. Suggested ISO standards for colorfastness illustrate that bio-mordanting has given more excellent rating as compared to chemical mordants. It is concluded that harmala seeds have a great potential to act as a source of natural colorant for cotton dyeing under the influence of microwave radiation.

To evaluate the shared genetic etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD), we conducted a genome-wide, multi-ancestry study of genetic variation for both diseases in up to 265,678 subjects for T2D and 260,365 subjects for CHD. We identify 16 previously unreported loci for T2D and 1 locus for CHD, including a new T2D association at a missense variant in HLA-DRB5 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.29). We show that genetically mediated increase in T2D risk also confers higher CHD risk. Joint T2D-CHD analysis identified eight variants-two of which are coding-where T2D and CHD associations appear to colocalize, including a new joint T2D-CHD association at the CCDC92 locus that also replicated for T2D. The variants associated with both outcomes implicate new pathways as well as targets of existing drugs, including icosapent ethyl and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein.