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The taxpayers' observance of tax legislation (tax compliance) is important for every tax authority. This issue is particularly relevant in the contemporary circumstances when the application of tax laws occurs within a complex and ever-changing environment. Despite the differences underlying national tax policies, tax legislations, tax administration and tax moral, the primary goal of taxation remains the same: taxes should be collected in accordance with the law in order to provide for building and preserving the taxpayers' confidence in the tax system and its effective administration. Consequently, the activities of tax authorities in tax procedure should promote a high degree of voluntary tax compliance and lead to minimizing the occurrence of various forms of non­compliance. There is a wide range of diverse factors underlying tax compliance. The understanding of these factors enables tax authorities to establish the particular reasons for non-compliance and to devise specific activities and measures which will be an incentive for taxpayers to revert to tax compliance. These goals may be accomplished through the process of tax compliance management. Tax compliance management is a structured and systematic process of monitoring the taxpayers' compliance, which also includes decisions on the essential elements for the development of tax compliance and the treatment of identified tax compliance risks. The innovations in this process are aimed at: establishing the adequate balance and framework for the evaluation of activities and measures concerning tax law and tax procedures; improving information transparency and taxpayers' education; establishing tax control; and instituting adequate legal proceedings in response to non-compliance. These activities are expected to contribute to a more successful application of tax laws in the future.

The purpose of food packing in modified atmosphere is to extend its sustainability by preventing both biochemical processes and growth of spoilage bacteria. Gases or their mixtures which are mostly used in the modified atmosphere food packing technology are carbon-dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2). The aim of our research was to examine the influence of packaging in modified atmosphere and vacuum on the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content and pH in muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), as well as to determine the most suitable gas mixtures for packing of these freshwater species. Three sample groups of trout and carp cuts were investigated. The first two groups were packaged in modified atmosphere with different gas ratios: 60%CO2+40%N2 (I group) and 40%CO2+60%N2 (II group), whereas the samples from third, control group, (III group) were vacuum packaged. During trials samples were stored in refrigerator at +3°C. Determination of TVB-N and pH was performed on 1st, 7th and 14th day of storage. The obtained results indicate that the investigated mixtures of gases and vacuum as well had a significant influence on the values of TVB-N in trout and carp cuts samples. The lowest increase in TVB-N was established in trout and carp cuts samples from the group I, whereas the highest increase was established in samples from group III. Statistical significant difference (p < 0,001) between the average values of TVB-N for trout (I group: 18,17 ± 0,93; II group: 20,90 ± 0,81 and III group: 36,18 ± 2,65 mg N/100 g ) and carp cuts (I group: 26,74 ± 1,48; II group: 30,02 ± 0,31 and III group: 35,10 ± 1,75 mg N/100 g) was established on 14th day. The lowest pH value was established in samples packaged in modified atmosphere with 60% CO2 +40% N2 (I group). On 14th day of testing the obtained value was 6,15 ± 0,09 for trout and 5,94 ± 1,11 for carp samples. Increase in pH value in trout samples packed in vacuum was established during the whole period of investigation (p < 0,001), while in carp cuts samples packaged in vacuum the increase in pH value (p < 0,05) was established up to 7th day of testing. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that gas mixture consisting of 60% CO2 and 40% N2 was the most suitable for packaging of fresh trout and carp cuts in terms of selected chemical parameters, such as TVB-N and pH. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31011 i br. TR 31075]

This study examined the mode of inheritance and the influence of genes on the grain number per spike in F1 generations, in 5x5 half diallel crosses of wheat cultivars. The results of the combining ability analysis did not indicate significant differences among the parents for general combining ability (GCA) and crosses for specific combining ability (SCA) for the grain number per spike. The GCA/SCA ratio tilted in favour of the SCA in this trait, which indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene, i.e. dominant effects in the genetic control of grain number per spike. Components data of genetic variance and regression analysis indicated a greater role of the dominant component in the grain number per spike inheritance. The regression line intercepts the Wr axis below the origin in F1, indicating over-dominance over an average of all arrays.

This paper presents a review of the present situation and perspectives in the production of platinum-group metals from primary and secondary sources, as well as in their use. The need and significance of recycling have been highlighted in view of the demand and supply of platinum-group metals. It has been shown that platinum-group metals are mostly used for the manufacture of autocatalysis and that their recycling is important for the conservation of natural resources.

Composites with the addition of alumina nanofillers show improvement in mechanical properties. The PMMA polymer was used as a matrix and two different types of nanofillers, having extremely different shapes were added in the matrix to form the composite. Reinforcements were based on alumina nanoparticles having either spherical shape or whiskers having the length to diameter ratio of 100. The influence of alumina fillers size, shape and fillers loading on mechanical properties of prepared composite were studied using the nanoindentation measurements and dynamic mechanical analysis. It was observed that both alumina whiskers and alumina spherical nanoparticles added in the PMMA matrix improved the mechanical properties of the composite but the improvement was significantly higher with alumina whisker reinforcement. The concentration of the reinforcing alumina spherical nanoparticles and alumina whiskers in PMMA matrix varied up to 5 wt. %. The best performance was obtained by the addition of 3 wt. % of alumina whiskers in the PMMA matrix with regard to mechanical properties of the obtained composite.

This work presents the study of copper extraction from smelter slag, which is subjected to sulphating. Sulphating of slag was performed by pyrite concentrate or flotation tailings at temperatures from 500 to 650°C, and the resulting calcine was leached with water. The results showed that maximum copper leaching (70-73%) is obtained from calcine, obtained by two - and three hour sulphating at 550oC. The process is selective since only 3-5% of iron is leached. In addition to sulphating temperature, it was found that a great effect on copper leaching has the pyrite/flotation tailings: ratio. The best results were achieved by sulphating of 5.00 g slag with 2.00 g of pyrite or 3.00 g of tailings.

Given that affix knowledge plays a vital role in the development of L1/L2 knowledge, the aim of this paper is to explore Mochizuki and Aizawa’s (2000) notion about the order of affix acquisition in the Serbian EFL context. We will attempt to analyze correlations between the EFL learners’ vocabulary size and their affix knowledge and postulate the order of affix acquisition.

Instruction in Serbian language and literature serves to prepare and in a certain way enable the students to follow other school subjects, which points to its special relevance for total education. Unfortunately, research results indicate that students’ knowledge in this field is not entirely satisfactory. One of the reasons maybe the fact that this knowledge is not sufficiently used in practice, which can have an unfavourable impact on students’ response to more and more complex demands set by the education system of the 21st century. Additionally, the problem can also be related to the fact that dogmatic-reproductive and reproductive-explicative methodical approaches are still used in the classes of Serbian language and literature, while less attention is paid to creative work, cooperative learning and students’ initiative, the competences that should be developed first and foremost during the initial education. This paper aims at pointing to the methods and procedures that contribute to the encouragement of initiative, cooperation and creativity in primary school students in the instruction in Serbian language and literature. Among other tings, we point out to the innovation of the drama method as an integral approach to teaching contents, which serves to adopt more quality knowledge via focused role-playing activities and drama techniques, primarily in the field of literature, and enables the durability and quality of the aesthetic perception and the reception of literature. It is also pointed to the fact that instruction that includes creative work, initiative and cooperative relations enhances student competences not only in knowledge and skills in Serbian language and literature, but also at the level of emotional and social relations between students. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 47008: Unapređivanje kvaliteta i dostupnosti obrazovanja u procesima modernizacije Srbije i br. 179034: Od podsticanja inicijative, saradnje i stvaralaštva u obrazovanju do novih uloga i identiteta u društvu]

Salmonella is a common contaminant of pork and can present a health hazard to consumers. Therefore, for an effective control, the entire supply chain must be involved. The aim of this paper is to examine the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in pork minced meat and skin at different temperatures and time. In minced meat, stored at +4 ± 0.5°C during 72 h, the number of Salmonella Typhimurium of all three examined strains A, B, and C decreased (p0.05). On the skin, stored at +4 ± 0.5°C during 72 h, the number of Salmonella of strains A and B decreased (p0.05). On the skin, stored at +10 ± 1°C during 72 h, the number of Salmonella of strains A and C decreased (p0.05).

The hares assayed (n=84) were divided into five age groups: 3-6; 12; 12-24; 24-36 and 36 + months. Between all sampling regions (11) significant differences of Cd levels were found in kidney and liver (p value, p=0.001 and 0.007, respectively) . Significant statistical differences (p=0.001) are registered between Cd content in kidney and liver of hares among all represented age groups. Looking at all investigated hare samples, moderately higher concentrations of Zn were found in liver (median value: 25.4 mg/kg w.w) compared to those in kidney (21.4 mg/kg). These differences were statistically significant (p=0.001). Zinc concentrations in liver, between all age groups, did not differ significantly (p=0.512) but in kidney these differences were statistically significant (p=0,001). Significant differences between Zn concentrations in liver in comparison to kidney (pairwise differences) were found within every single age group with exception of the oldest (36+ ) . Strong statistically significant correlations (Ps- Pearson's correlation ) between Cd concentrations in kidney and liver were registered in three groups older than 12 months (Ps=0.81, p=0.001; 0.78, p=0.001; and 0.79, p=0.001, respectively). Negative correlation between Zn and Cd concentrations were found in liver samples within the age group of 12 months (Ps= -0,67, p=0.004).

Establishing criteria in wheat breeding for increased tolerance to abiotic stress conditions of halomorphic soils (solonetz), that will give economically profitable yields, requires sets of parallel trials in normal and abiotic stress conditions. Such trials, testing parental bread wheat genotypes and their F2 progenies helps to examine the extent to which stress conditions affect yield components and grain yield of wheat, but also to determine the usable genetic variability. The multiyear results of variability of winter wheat genotypes, comparing by the location Kumane (solonetz stress conditions) and Rimski Šančevi (normal conditions on chernozem), have shown that under conditions of stress plant height, number and weight of grains per spike have about 30% lower values than those on black soils. The F2 progenies of crosses of selected parental cultivars was observed and separated that new genetic variability in terms of solonetz reach the level ideotype plants on soils, which gives the best results.

The mode of inheritance of the ear traits considered as the yield components, namely kernel number and weight per ear were examined using diallel crossing method. Bread wheat varieties in study were from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad, Serbia) Breeding Program: Pobeda, Renesansa, Sara and Partizanka. As combining abilities of variance analysis suggested, a statistically significant share of both additive, and non-additive components was denoted. According to regression analysis, a well defined array of dominant and recessive alleles was observed due to genetically divergent parental varieties. Superdominance appeared to be the mode of inheritance for examined ear traits.

Trichinellosis (trichinellosis) is a disease common for both people and animals, which was mentioned in even some several centuries old notes. As well as domestic pigs, wild boars, being omnivores and the animals that broadly cover the territory of Serbia, could definitely be considered as one of possible trichinellosis indicators, and that is the main reason for starting this investigation with the objective to perceive the level of infection of wild boars in different hunting areas at the territory of the Republic of Serbia. In this work it is presented the distibution of T. spiralis in wild boars at the territory of Serbia in the period from 2006. to 2010. Besides the distribution of trichinellosis in wild boars, we have also calculated the tendency of changing in the number of infected wild boars at the territories of different hunting associations, in the period from 2006. to 2010. The distribution of T. spiralis in shot wild boars showed that trichinellosis appeared at the total of 24 hunting associations territories during the investigated period. Only at the territories of Pirot and Dimitrivgrad hunting associations, there was diagnosed at least one case of trichinellosis in shot wild boars in all five years. Out of the total of shot and inspected wild boars (20.250) in 123 of them, there was diagnosed the presence of T. spiralis infectious forms (0,61%). The greatest number (29) of the infected wild boars was shot in 2007. By analysing the change in number of positive wild boars in the interval from 2006. to 2010. it was found out that there is a constant tendency of growth, namely 1,1 head of boar per year. Change in number of trichinellosis wild boars by years of observation is a second degree polynomial (Y=-0,6+17,81xi-2,79xi2) with correlation coefficient of 0,69. On the basis of the obtained analysis, that were carried out, it can be concluded that the occurence of trichinellosis is most frequent in border areas towards Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Croatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31034: Odabrane biološke opasnosti za bezbednost/kvalitet hrane animalnog porekla i kontrolne mere od farme do potrošača]

The 42-day long study was performed on a total number of 48 Hybro broilers divided into four groups. After the pre-experimental period of 14 days, 3 experimental groups of broilers (n=12) were formed and fed diets that contained 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg ochratoxin A (OTA) during the next seven consecutive days. In the same period, the control group of broilers was fed a diet with no toxin added. After the period of toxin addition, blood samples were taken from 6 animals in each group. The remaining animals (n=6) from the control and experimental groups were fed diets without OTA until the 42nd day of the study, when the blood samples were taken again. The total level of blood serum proteins was affected by treatment with different doses of OTA, but a significant and dose dependent increase of albumins together with a decrease of γ-globulin fraction was established. A/G ratio (Albumine/Globuline) suggested that the globulins were the dominant protein fraction in the blood serum samples obtained from all the broilers included in this study. The concentrations of α- and β- globulin in the serum were within physiological limits, but the concentration of γ-globulins significantly decreased. It can be concluded that the increasing dietary OTA levels (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) had dose-dependent cumulative effect on blood serum proteins status in broilers, and the effect lasts even after the withdrawal of OTA from the feed.

Globalization of the world economy imposes the modern business strategy. Change is a permanent need, i.e., it is either to innovate or disappear from the economy scene. The strategy of company inclusion in the world market processes in globalization conditions is of the national interest and it is a common task and goal of a country and enterprises/companies. A company is a bearer of economy reintegration strategy into the world economic environment. It is a complex and responsible task, i.e., a process in which enterprises should build capacities for export – create the market ambient.

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and the consumption of pork meat is a major source of human infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella on different surfaces in the pig lairage and stunning box as potential sources of cross contamination of animals and carcasses. Sampling was conducted in two abattoirs (slaughterhouse A and slaughterhouse B). Samples were taken from slaughterhouse A in two instances (sampling I and II, a total of 60 samples) and in slaughterhouse B once (sampling III, a total of 30 samples), from each of the following sites: floor of ramp at unloading area, race between unloading area and holding pens area, walls of holding pens, floor of holding pens, water troughs in pens, drainage for fluids/feces, race between holding pen and main race, race before stunning box, gates between race and stunning box, stunning box floor. Of the total number of examined samples, the percentage of positive samples for Salmonella in the lairage was 12.50% (72 / 9), and samples from the surface of the stunning box was 61.11%. (18 / 11). Surfaces in a lairage and stunning box are regularly contaminated with salmonella, and can pose potential sources of cross contamination of animals and carcasses.

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and the consumption of pork meat is one of the major sources of human infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of salmonella on pig carcasses. Samples were taken from slaughterhouse A in two instances (sampling I and II, a total of 300 samples) and in slaughterhouse B once (sampling III, a total of 120 samples), from pork carcasses after the stunning and after the processing. Of the total number of examined samples, the percentage of positive samples for salmonella from pork carcasses after stunning was 46.7% (90/42), and samples from the carcasses after processing 3.3% (90/3). Operations taking place on the slaughter line could have an effect on the salmonella contamination of carcasses.

While information on air pollution in the form of particulate matter (PM) has been monitored for longer period for EU countries, availability of PM data sets in the Western Balkan countries including the Republic of Serbia are still limited. Studies, related to the particulate pollution research, have been only carried out in the past several years. The main objective of this paper is to present PM levels measured in the ambient air in the surrounding settlements of the Copper Smelter Complex Bor. Also, one of the goals is a comparison of PM levels in the surrounding settlements with those measured in Bor town. The ambient levels of PM particles (PM10, PM2.5) were measured by automatic PM monitors at 4 nearby settlements: Slatina, Oštrelj, Krivelj and Brezonik in the time interval from 2005 to 2010. According to the measurement results, PM10 and PM2.5 levels in the ambient air were higher in the cold, heating, (October-March) than in the warm no heating period (April-September). The exceeding of the daily limit of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration levels was observed at all measuring points. A higher number of exceedances were detected in the cold period. The results indicate that there is a significant seasonal change in the level of fine particles at all measuring places in surroundings. In addition, the PM levels in Bor town are more influenced by the air pollution from the Copper Smelter Complex than settlements in the vicinity, where the PM concentrations were greatly influenced by the presence of domestic heating in the cold period. [Projekat Ministarstva nauka Republike Srbije, br. III42008: Evaluation of Energy Performances and Indoor Environment Quality of Educational Buildings in Serbia with Impact to Health i br. III41028: “An Integral Study to Identify the Regional Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for the Common Noncommunicable Diseases in the Human Population of Serbia]

Alumina based refractories are usually used in metallurgical furnaces and their thermal shock resistance is of great importance. In order to improve thermal shock resistance and mechanical properties of alumina based refractories short ceramic fibers were added to the material. SEM technique was used to compare the microstructure of specimens and the observed images gave the porosity and morphological characteristics of pores in the specimens. Standard compression test was used to determine the modulus of elasticity and compression strength. Results obtained from thermal shock testing and mechanical properties measurements were used to establish regression models that correlated specimen properties to process parameters.

Stark broadening theory is currently operated for calculating widths and shifts of spectral lines that are needed for spectroscopic diagnostics and modeling in astrophysics, laboratory and technological plasmas. We have calculated a great number of data, obtained through the impact semiclassical perturbation theory: tables have been published for neutral atom and ion emitters, and typical temperatures, electron and ion densities. They are currently implemented in the STARK-B database which participates in the European effort within the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre. Despite of that, a great number of data are still missing. In the present paper, we revisit and compare a great number of the impact Stark widths and shifts by considering their semiclassical perturbation expressions. We also provide fitting formulae which are essential for the modeling codes of stellar atmospheres and envelopes.

White dwarf and pre-white dwarfs are the best types of stars for the application of Stark broadening research results in astrophysics, since in the atmospheres of these stars physical conditions are very favorable for this line broadening mechanism - in hot hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs and pre-white dwarfs Teff = 75 000–180 000 K and log g = 5.5–8 [cgs]. Even for much cooler DA and DB white dwarfs with the typical effective temperatures 10 000-20 000 K, Stark broadening is usually the dominant broadening mechanism. In this review, Stark broadening in white dwarf spectra is considered, and the attention is drawn to the STARK-B database (http://stark-b.obspm.fr/), containing the parameters needed for analysis and synthesis of white dwarf spectra, as well as for the collective efforts to develop the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center.

In order to complete Stark broadening data for Ne II and O III lines, needed for analysis of stellar atmospheres, we determined the missing parameters for the broadening by collisions with protons and ionized helium for 15 Ne II and 5 O III multiplets. Also, electron, proton and ionized helium impact broadening parameters for an important Ne II multiplet in the visible part of the spectrum and for three Ne III multiplets were calculated. The obtained data will be included in the STARK-B database, which is a part of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center.

In order to complete data on Stark broadening parameters for Ar I line in the visible spectrum, we determined Stark widths and shifts due to electron, proton and ionized helium impacts for nine lines (4191.0, 4259.4, 5912.1, 6043.2, 6045.0, 6752.9, 7503.9, 7514.6, 7724.2 Å), using jK coupling and semiclassical perturbation theory. The obtained results will enter the STARK-B database, which is a part of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center.

The chemi-ionization processes in atom - Rydberg atom collisions, as well as the corresponding chemi-recombination processes, are considered as factors of influence on the atom exited-state populations in weakly ionized layers of stellar atmospheres. The presented results are related to the photospheres of the Sun and some M red dwarfs, as well as weakly ionized layers of DB white dwarf atmospheres. It has been found that the mentioned chemi-ionization and recombination processes dominate over the concurrent electron-atom and electron-ion ionization and recombination processes in all parts of the considered stellar atmospheres. The obtained results demonstrate the fact that the considered processes must have significant influence on the optical properties of stellar atmospheres. It is shown that these processes and their importance for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) modeling of the solar atmospheres should be investigated further.

Background/Aim. Chronic sinusitis is a disease characterized with mucosal inflammatoion of nasal and paranasal sinuses for at least 12 weeks. In order to assess the extent and severity of inflammatory changes in paranasal sinuses CT score according to Lund-Mackay is the most commonly used. Recent studies show the possibility of existing different subtipes of chronic rhinosinusitis, pointing out the presence of nasal polyps and their influence on the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of sinonasal polyposis on the extensity of inflammatory changes on computerized tomography (CT), evaluated by the Lund-Mackay CT score. Methods. A prospective study compared the Lund-Mackay CT score values between the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis associated with nasal polyps and those without them. We determined mean values of the total CT score in both groups of the patients, as well as mean values of CT score for each group of sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes. Results. The study included 90 patients, 47 males and 43 females, 45-year old on average, diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis on the basis of diagnostic algorithm. The group with uncomplicated chronic rhinosinusitis (without nasal polyps) consisted of 30 patients and the group with complicated chronic rhinosinusitis (with nasal polyps) of 60 patients. Observing these two groups of patients revealed statistically highly important intergroup difference in CT score for each group of sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes. The mean value of total CT score in the group with uncomplicated chronic rhinosinusitis was 4.37 while in the group with complicated chronic rhinosinusitis it was 16.05 (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Chronic rhinosinusitis complicated by sinonasal polyposis is characterized with more extensive inflammatory changes on CT and, consequently, with higher CT score for each group of sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes, as well as higher total CT score.

The Lower Cretaceous paraflysch forms an outstanding, 250 km-long belt in the Vardar Zone. It is composed of a basal unit, uncomformable over Jurassic limestones and older rocks, and of two megasequences with the a clastic lower and clastic-carbonate upper member. In this study, We analyzed the orientation of the sedimentary bedding, cleavage and schistosity, fold hinges and axial surfaces and cleavage - bedding intersection lineation, were analysed. The area experienced two phases of folding, first with fold hinges oriented NNW and the second with hinges oriented WSW. The regularities of these structures and their relationships are, as shown by these investigations, only statistically to be used in practical study of fabric.

Maize is the first crop in the world concerning total production in tones per year. A big money and many scientific workers are working in the maize breeding. Millions of new hybrid combinations are tested every year in order to find the best of new hybrids. In spite off that currently hybrids has a pretty narrow genetic basis. The main goal in maize breeding is to create a new high yielding hybrid with good adaptability and yield stability. For that modern maize hybrid has to poses genes for tolerance against stress (drought and high temperatures), diseases and pest. Genetic variability in maize and conventional and modern technics of biotechnology will provide enough capability to ensure progress in maize breeding continually as until now. It means that we can expect even better maize hybrids in future. .

Background/Aim. Over the last years numerous studies have been performed dealing with mutual relations among gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and numerous diseases of the upper airways. The aim of the present study was to establish possible causal relationship between GERD and posterior laryngitis (PL). Methods. The study included 103 patients with gastrointestinal complaints. Diagnostic procedure included a medical history, gastroscopy and laryngeal directoscopy. The obtained data processed using classic methods of the descriptive statistics, as well as Pearson's chi-square test, Student's t test, rank sum test and Fisher's parametric analysis of variance. Results. Out of the total number of 103 examined patients, 33 (32%) were diagnosed with PL, while GERD was diagnosed in five of the examined patients all belonging to the PL group (15% of the patients with PL). In the remaining patients, PL was caused by other factors. All the patients with GERD had PL and globus sensation while 80% of GERD patients had prominent symptom of pain. Conclusion. The results of the study are indicative of the causal relationship between GERD and PL.

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is scientifically based and focused on problem prevention in order to assure the produced food products are safe to consume. Prerequisite programs such as GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), GHP (Good Hygienic Practices) are an essential foundation for the development and implementation of successful HACCP plans. One of the preliminary tasks in the development of HACCP plan is to conduct a hazard analysis. The process of conducting a hazard analysis involves two stages. The first is hazard identification and the second stage is the HACCP team decision which potential hazards must be addressed in the HACCP plan. By definition, the HACCP concept covers all types of potential food safety hazards: biological, chemical and physical, whether they are naturally occurring in the food, contributed by the environment or generated by a mistake in the manufacturing process. In raw fish processing, potential significant biological hazards which are reasonably likely to cause illness of humans are parasites (Trematodae, Nematodae, Cestodae), bacteria (Salmonella, E. coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Staphyloccocus aureus), viruses (Norwalk virus, Entero virusesi, Hepatitis A, Rotovirus) and bio-toxins. Upon completion of hazard analysis, any measure(s) that are used to control the hazard(s) should be described.

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Animals, feed, meat and meat products are often transported across long distances, being an important part of international trade, which enables a dissemination of salmonella, including even of some resistant strains. Pigs are animals which are difficult to manipulate because of their temperament, build, sharp teeth, irritability, good sense of smell, bad sight and their sensitivity to stress. Animals coming from different farms should be separated in stock yards to prevent both contamination with pathogens such as salmonella and their irritation and aggressiveness caused by contacts with other pigs. These animals are usually a significant reservoir of salmonella which are 'inside' the gastrointestinal tract and gut associated lymph tissue. In contrast to our country, in the EU, even countries which have always had low salmonella prevalence, e.g. Finland, have a control program. The program has to be based on a guarantee that all relevant factors will participate in the prevention of salmonella contamination.

L. monocytogenes has been established in different plants for the production of food, including dairy plants, abattoirs, plants for the processing of fish, as well as those for the production of ready-to-eat (RTE) food and this fact is being considered as the primary mechanism of food contamination with this bacteria. There is also the factor of numerous and diverse contaminated production equipment, because it has certain parts that are inaccessible for the necessary cleaning and disinfection. The temperature, position, as well as the material of the work surface are also linked to the contamination of plants with this bacteria. Investigations carried out so far have helped toward the better understanding of the manner and time of contamination of food items in the course of the production process, but there are still unresolved problems, including most certainly the biggest one - the adherence of bacteria and the creation of a biofilm, when the bacteria is in that condition more resistant to so-called stress factors which are usually used in the food industry for the purpose of decontamination of the surfaces with which foods come into contact. The control of L. monocytogenes in food production plants is possible primarily by using an integrated programme, compatible with the systems Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) and Good Hygiene Practice (GHP), necessary in the production of food that is safe for the consumer. Essentially, the control measures that can contribute to reducing the incidence of findings of L.monocytogenes in the finished product, as well as the reducing of the level of contamination with this bacteria are linked, on the one hand, with hygiene procedures in the production process, and, on the other, with the applied technological procedures.

The wheat is agricultural cultivar that requires suitable soil in respect to fertility, physical characteristics and chemical reaction. Halomorphic soil, solonetz type, could be utilized for wheat growing by using ameliorative measures, only. The effect of solonetz amelioration using phosphor-gypsum in amount of 25 and 50t/ha on the number of grains and grain weight per spike of different wheat varieties was studied in the article. According to the results, wheat varieties exhibit notable variability in reaction to soil amelioration. The research should be in continuation in order to select suitable wheat genotypes for putting less productive soil in use.

Less productive agricultural soil, that is solonetz type, could be ameliorated in order to enhance usage value and broaden agricultural land. Grain weight per spike and spike weight of wheat grown on solonetz soil were examined in the article. Phenotypic variation of these traits as a response to environmental condition in six bread wheat varieties was followed through genotype by environment interaction in three vegetation periods. The results were compared on pure solonetz (control) and ameliorated solonetz (25 and 50t/ha phosphor-gypsum) to determine effect of amelioration on these two yield components.

In genotype by environment interaction estimation, as well as, in total trial variability anal­ysis several models are in use. The most often used are Analysis of variance, Eberhart and Russell model and AMMI model. Each of the models has its own specificities, in the way of sources of varia­tion comprehension and treatment. It is known that agriculturally less productive environments increase errors, dimmish reaction differences between genotypes and decrease repeatability of conditions during years. A sample consisting on six bread wheat varieties was studied in three veg­etation periods on halomorphic soil, solonetz type in Banat (vil. Kumane). Genotype by environ­ment interaction was quantified using ANOVA, Eberhart and Russell model and AMMI model. The results were compared not only on pure solonetz soil (control), but also on two level of ameliora­tion (25 and 50t/ha phosphor-gypsum).

The vast share of agricultural soil in Vojvodina province is quality chernozemic soil. However, there is still a share of halomorphic soil, solonetz type, that are not convenient for agricultural production. Phenotypic variability and correlation of spike parameters in wheat varieties derived in Novi Sad are given in this article. Wheat genotypes were sown on chernozemic soil, as well as, on solonetz soil (control and two levels of melioration 25 and 50t/ha phosphor-gypsum). The goal was to investigate varietal differences in reaction to melioration and soil type. The results obtained reveal the highest mean values of examined yield components on chernozem, as well as, different genotype reaction to meliorative measures on solonetz type of soil.