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. The beekeeping farm is a farm for breeding bees carried out in order to obtain apiculture products (honey, pollen, propolis, wax, royal jelly and bee venom). The bee harvesting is regulated in Romania by the Law on beekeeping No. 383/2013 and it is a technological link of the beekeeping production activity, in which the beekeeper transports and temporarily places the bee families, at the areas suitable for honey production in agricultural or forestry fund. To exploit the productive potential of the bee families, specific work is needed to ensure their optimal development during the main harvest period. The paper presents a study on setting up a beekeeping or apiary farm in a rural area in the Gorj County as a business idea that contributes to rural development and to diversification of the entrepreneur's income. The investment expenses are of 154.200 lei and the net income in the first year of production is of 92.250 lei, so that under favorable weather conditions to achieve 4 harvests per year, the depreciation of the investment costs and getting profit is made from the second year of production

The process approach to management is based on the automation of various aspects of the company's activities. The formation, optimization, restructuring and improvement of business processes are taking place along with the introduction of applied systems (most often, on 1C: Enterprise platform). Nevertheless, business analysts play a key role in optimizing a company's business processes. The study intends to scrutinize the technologies and methods of business processes analysis and optimization. To that end, monographic, economic-statistical, and abstract-logical methods are employed. Based on the results, in the context of the optimization methodology, optimization can be considered in the framework of progressive improvement or reengineering of business processes (global, large-scale revision of the system). The study of the optimization methodology for business processes revealed several elements of this process, including the choice of methods of analysis and optimization of business processes, ranking of business processes by their importance to show priority processes to start optimization with, and finally, development of a system of key performance indicators to link the personnel motivation system with the achievement of tactical and strategic goals of the company.

The current market economy implies that the search for effective sources of financing the fixed assets reproduction is one of the key tasks in managing the fixed capital of the economic entity. In the changing external environment, modernized equipment of enterprises provides an opportunity to carry out innovative activities, as well as to implement investment projects. The aim of the research was to outline a modern approach to financing the reproduction of fixed assets based on the identification of the relationship between investments and innovations in this process. The research involved the following methods: analysis and synthesis to determine trends in the dynamics of capital investment in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland; regression analysis to forecast the capital investment volume in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland; the internal rate of return to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovation and investment project of a woodworking enterprise. Capital investment volumes in Ukraine and Poland are determined. The 2025 capital investment volume is projected at $8.02 billion in Ukraine (provided a stable rate of further economic decline), and at $110.2 billion in the Republic of Poland. The strategic priorities for the development of woodworking enterprises are outlined: the production of innovative products; implementation of effective solutions for products and markets provided full implementation of innovation and investment strategy; focus on current market needs; ensuring a minimum degree of risk with maximum control of the innovation and investment project; achieving a short-term return on investment with maximum liquidity of the project and the implementation of innovation and investment strategy. An innovation and investment project was developed for the production re-equipment to create an innovative model of interior doors, and its economic justification was carried out.

In this paper, we empirically look at the effects of uncertainty on risk measures for exchange rates, by focusing on two recent specific periods: the Brexit and the outbreak of the Covid-19. Based on a Fama regression extended with uncertainty measures, we forecast exchange rates in the short run through a quantile regression approach. By fitting a Skewed-Student distribution to the quantile forecasts, we put forward measures of risks for appreciation and depreciation of the expected exchange rates. We point out two interesting results. First, we show that the increase in Brexit-related uncertainty is strongly associated with higher future depreciation risks of the British Pound vs. the Euro, as a mistrust towards the British economy. Second, we find that the Covid-related uncertainty is perceived as a global risk, leading to a flight-to-safety move toward the US Dollar and associated high depreciation risks for emerging currencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business units use property, plant and equipment and intangible. Property, plant and equipment are assets that generate future economic benefits and are held for more than one year. The accounts in group 21 "Property, plant and equipment" are used to record property, plant and equipment. Expenses related to the acquisition, production, construction of depreciable fixed assets and investments made in them are recovered by including in the operating expenses the value of the depreciation produced. Tax depreciation is deductible when calculating corporate income tax and may be equal to or different from accounting depreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the return‐volatility relationship of the offshore Chinese RMB (CNH). Based on a regime‐switching copula model, we find that the return‐volatility relationship has changed since the August 2015 reform of the central parity formation mechanism. Before the reform, implied volatility increased only in response to CNH depreciation. After the reform, both large depreciation and appreciation of CNH trigger higher implied volatility. We show that both the "fear of a crash" and interest rate differentials are important factors contributing to the return‐volatility dynamics. Our study provides empirical evidence that the 2015 reform increased the two‐way flexibility of the USD/CNH exchange rate. Specifically, after the reform, both large negative and large positive USD/CNH returns have created fear of future losses, which causes investors to bid up option prices and therefore implied volatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in a country's sovereign risk, as measured by credit default swap spreads, is accompanied by a contemporaneous depreciation of its currency and an increase of its volatility. The relation between currency excess returns and sovereign risk is mainly driven by default expectations (rather than distress risk premia) and exposure to global sovereign risk shocks and also emerges in a predictive setting for currency risk premia. We show that a sovereign risk factor is priced in the cross-section of currency returns and that it is not subsumed by the carry factor. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, therapeutic switches are performed to reduce and prevent toxicity, improve adherence, promote virological control, and save costs. Drug switches are a daily challenge in the management of people living with HIV (PLWH), especially in those with multiple comorbidities and on polypharmacy. The objectives of this prospective analysis were: (I) to evaluate the viro-immunological efficacy of BIC/FTC/TAF in a cohort of PLWH who switched to this regimen from any other previous, at the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit of the Padua University Hospital; (II) to assess the impact on body weight, lipids, and renal function parameters at week 48; and (III) to evaluate daily costs changes, adherence, and the rate and causes of discontinuation of the regimen. We included all adult PLWH who switched to BIC/FTC/TAF from 1 February 2020 to 31 October 2021. We collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory data at baseline and week 48 after the switch. In addition, the estimated cART-related cost changes over the follow-up period were calculated. Over the study period, 290 individuals who switched to BIC/FTC/TAF, 76.9% were males, with a median age of 52 years, and 94.8% had an undetectable baseline HIV viremia. After a median time of 35 days (IQR: 1–55), 41 (14.1%) individuals discontinued the regimen. Factors significantly associated with discontinuation were switching from dual regimens, and neurological disorders. At week 48, we detected a significant increase in body weight, BMI, CD4 T-cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio, and a significant reduction in triglycerides and costs; all patients had undetectable HIV RNA. Our results showed that switching to BIC/FTC/TAF may favor slightly immunological recovery and cost saving (−4.2 EUR/day from baseline to week 48, equivalent to a mean saving of 1533 EUR/year/person). The reduction in triglycerides does not appear to be clinically relevant, even if statistically significant, nor do both the increase in body weight and BMI (+1 kg and +0.29 BMI, respectively) and the increase in CD4 T-cell count (+45 cells/mmc). Further studies are needed to confirm our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the green building attributes that significantly influenced rental depreciation for conventional buildings from expert perspectives using Malaysia as a case study. The objectives of this study include: (1) identifying the green building attributes for rental depreciation and (2) prioritizing the green attributes via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. To achieve these objectives, firstly the study identified the green building attributes from the literature and from green building guidelines. The attributes were then validated by expert valuers via a semi-structured interview. Secondly, the attributes were utilized to develop the AHP-designed questionnaire and used to gather feedback from real estate experts. Ten (10) responses were analyzed using the descriptive and AHP techniques. This study has identified the rank of prioritized green building attributes, where the findings suggest the central role of indoor environment quality (EQ), where it ranked the highest in contributing to conventional purpose-built office (PBO) rental depreciation, followed by energy efficiency (EE), green site planning and management (SM), materials and resources (MR), innovation (IN), and water efficiency (WE). The findings allow researchers and practitioners to create strategies for reducing the impact of conventional building rental depreciation and obsolescence due to green building attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates macroeconomic trilemma and central bank behaviour in Nigeria. The period of investigation spans the quarterly period of 1981–2017. Upon the data stability condition of Zivot-Andrew unit-root test with structural breaks, the Markov-switching dynamic regression was employed as the technique of analysis. With a validated trilemma hypothesis, the study found that the trilemma constraints hold for the Nigerian economy but at the expense of the autonomy of the monetary authority. Being the policy variable of the Central Bank of Nigeria, the exchange rate was found to follow two regimes of fixed and managed-float regimes. The results also showed that political risk was significantly sensitive to both regimes of exchange rate, while the foreign interest rate and the net export led to exchange rate appreciation under the managed-float regime but depreciation under the fixed regime. The study recommends that the foreign sector be made competitive for proper exchange rate management, while impulses from the political institutions should be put under check. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood events bring havoc to transportation assets including bridges, culverts, and roadways on an annual basis. This has been an increasing trend in the recent years, especially in Midwestern states. Millions of dollars are spent to repair or replace transportation infrastructure every year due to damage suffered from floods. With a major drive within transportation agencies to consider the risks associated with transportation asset damages, and provide optimized plans for pre-event mitigation and postevent recovery, there is a need for better estimation of the type of damages observed after inland flood events and the associated costs for the repair and recovery of these damages. Most previous studies have focused on recovery after earthquakes, which by nature imposes a different organizational and response effect on the agencies. The limited number of studies on other hazards such as coastal flooding is based on sparse survey data. This paper specifically aims to address the existing gap in the availability of data on damages and costs that are observed after actual inland flood events. For this purpose, the damage patterns associated with scour, high water levels, debris accumulation, abutment wash out, and other damages have been identified. The extreme flood events throughout a 16-year span (1998–2014) that were documented as part of the emergency relief funds have been considered. Repair tasks associated with each damage mode are identified based on actual project documents and costs are broken down by each of these tasks. This component by itself is a leap forward in collection of types of damages and associated costs for inland flood events. In addition, generalized linear models are conducted to identify the relationships between flood stage, bridge characteristics, and damage level using both Gaussian and binomial distributions of the responses. Analyses shows that the maximum water elevation at a bridge location is statistically significant in determining the probability of bridge damage. There are also many other bridge attributes including length, width, skew angle, and pier width that have a correlation to different damage modes of bridges. A series of National Bridge Inventory condition ratings are analyzed with the scour criticality rating and superstructure rating both being significant predictors in the probability of multiple bridge damage modes. This paper is the first known effort aims at identifying the type of damages associated with inland flood events, the associated repair tasks, and costs of recovery through a coordinate data collection effort from actual events and completed projects and is expected to majorly contribute to future studies aimed at assessing the resilience of transportation infrastructure under inland flooding events by providing better estimates of the recovery tasks and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous localities have attempted to harness wind resources for electricity generation using roof-integrated wind turbines (RIWTs). Disappointingly, the monitored performance of RIWTs is typically only 5–11% of the designed capacity. Since direct wind measurement is expensive for micro-generation and simplified analytical methods are often insufficiently precise for complex geometries, poor outcomes are not surprising. To combat this, the current study explores the extent to which this deficit is due to poor RIWT placement in the absence of precise wind power information for installation sites and how this may be countered with terrestrial laser scanning-based models for complex structures. This is demonstrated with a cluster of complex suburban buildings with ground elevation changes of up to 4.2 m. Those data were used to populate a computational fluid dynamic model for detailed wind flow field simulation using a Navier–Stokes solver, ANSYS CFX. This approach demonstrated that wind power ranged from 0 to 100% of the capacity factor across the main study rooftop, representing the difference between cost recovery of a €16,500 RIWT in less than 1.5 years and a financially non-viable installation. This study provides a partial explanation for the disappointing results of RIWT installation, as well as a methodology to optimize RIWT placement to avoid non-viable installations and improve cost recovery period predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that a stable monetary system continues to elude Argentina two centuries after its independence in 1816. Not surprisingly, some scholars have devoted considerable attention to the reasons behind Argentina's monetary instability (Agote 1887; de Vedia 1890; Hansen 1916; Piftero 1921; Casarino 1922; Pinedo 1942, Curcoresse 1967; Prebisch [1921] 1988; Cortds Conde 1989; Alemann 1990; della Paolera and Taylor 2001; Cachanosky 2012; Quesada [1901] 2012; Ortiz Batalla 2014).

When the thickness of the solar cell wafer and the amount of Ag to be used decreases, it is the best method to recover the power of the module after use at a minimum cost and reuse the module itself. Economic recovery technology can be applied to the power degradation, caused by the resistive solder bond (RSB) hotspot by poor soldering, because the recovery process can be simplified compared to the power loss that is often greater than 30%. This study demonstrated a quick recovery of the RSB hotspot with on-site recovery technology applied with resin and verified the performance and long-term reliability of on-site recovery technology, compared to the factory recovery method, where the back sheet is removed and laminated to recover the module. Both the factory and field recovery methods confirmed recovery results closer to the initial rated power output of the samples. Each sample was degraded by the RSB hotspot to ~62–65% of the initial power output, and the recovery process successfully recovered it to ~96–99%. In on-site recovery, verification of the possible EVA solvothermal swelling, which is the effect of organic solvents contained in the resin on EVA, is essential for verifying the long-term reliability of the recovered module. In this study, the power degradations of the on-site recovered samples after a TC 200 cycle test are −2.14% and −0.95%, respectively, which are within the certification test standard of the new manufacturing module. Existing factory recovery costs not only in the recovery process, but also in a total of 22 stages, such as the transfer of the target module. The largest advantage is that the on-site recovery process can be restarted in the field after only eight stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the ARDL modeling technique to investigate the determinants of employment generation in Nigeria's services sector, focusing mainly on the roles of foreign direct investment and exchange rate movements during the 1991-2019 period. This study found that in the short-run, FDI positively affects employment generation in the services sector, while currency depreciation adversely affects it with a one-year lag. The long-term employment generation effect of the FDI in the services sector remains positive. Still, it loses its statistical significance, while the impact of currency depreciation on services sector employment is positive and significant. It was also found that economic growth positively affects service sector employment generation in the short and long run, though the effect is only meaningful in the short term. The impact of trade openness is positive and significant over a short period but also turns out to be non-significant in the long run. Financial sector development favors employment generation in the services sector in the short and long run. Based on this evidence, it is recommended that the government try to enhance the attractiveness of various sectors of the economy to FDI and guard against undue appreciation of the nation's currency. It is also recommended that economic growth and the development of the financial system be prioritized. Given the transience of the effect of trade openness on employment generation in the services sector, caution must be exercised in implementing trade liberalization policies. These measures, if implemented, are expected to enhance job creation in the nation's services sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through documentary research was analyzed the audit opinions of the largest football clubs in Rio de Janeiro from 2013 to 2017 in order to verify adherence to the accounting standards applicable to football clubs. As the purpose of the research is to verify which clubs are closer to the applicable norms, it was found that: the Vasco da Gama club has all the audit reports presented with modified opinion where the financial statements are inconsistent, the Flamengo club owns the Botafogo club presented 80% of the independent auditor's reports, and this was inversely proportional to the Fluminense club, which presented 80% of the reports of the independent auditors, which was not modified in all its reports, where the financial statements represent a reliable financial and equity position. not modified. It was also found that the major reasons for the exemptions of independent auditors' opinions are associated with the calculation of depreciation of assets in 25% of cases and the impossibility of checking the cash balance in 12.5% of cases, among others. It is concluded that the adjustment to the accounting standards applicable to football clubs is not homogeneous, thus generating unreliable financial statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process approach to management is based on the automation of various aspects of the company's activities. The formation, optimization, restructuring and improvement of business processes are occurring with the applied systems' introduction. Nevertheless, business analysts play a key role in optimizing a company's business processes. The study intends to scrutinize the technologies and methods of business processes analysis and optimization. To that end, monographic, economic-statistical, and abstract-logical methods are employed. Based on the results, in the context of the optimization methodology, optimization can be regarded in the frame of business processes' reengineering. The study of the optimization methodology for business processes revealed several elements of this process, including the choice of methods of analysis and optimization of business processes, ranking of business processes by their importance to show priority processes to start optimization with, and finally, development of a system of key performance indicators to link the personnel motivation system with the achievement of tactical and strategic goals of the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optional home insurance covers material losses due to major events that generate significant, including total, damage to the home. By installing and maintaining the presented system, disasters can be detected immediately and, in some cases, can be automatically mitigated. Homeowners could effectively reduce the hazards effects and massively downsize the recovery costs. The proposed integrated system is designed to be cheap and to have low exploitation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to research indicating a need for an increased emphasis on aspects of corporate accounting, including corporate taxation, in the accounting curriculum as well as employer expectations that entry-level accounting position applicants possess Excel skills, this classroom exercise uses Excel to compare the financial impacts of three methods of asset depreciation. In this paper, we use Excel to model the effects of the straight line, declining balance, and MACRS depreciation methods on the annual and accumulated depreciation amounts of a company's assets. This exercise also builds student competency with data entry, important Excel functions, and worksheet error handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the same time, multiple elements of this system have proven to be still unclear, both conceptually and in application, a fact that generates situations when practicing accountants (especially from the agrarian sector) are forced to solve the problems that have arisen arbitrarily, without deep methodological reasoning and without the involvement of professional reasoning. This, largely, is explained by the lack of knowledge of the essence, the innovative spirit and the strategic destination of the new normative framework in the field, including the chapter on economic facts with fixed assets and the harmonization of the national accounting system with the requirements of international accounting regulations. In this vein, this brief article will state the particularities and accounting and fiscal treatments of specific fixed assets operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the asymmetric and symmetric impacts of appreciation and depreciation in the Korean won on Korea's commodity trade balance with Japan. To this aim, the linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models are applied. However, this study methodologically differs from previous empirical studies in the related literature applying the NARDL model. These previous studies are constructed based on only short-run and long-run symmetry (denoted by SS) and short-run and long-run asymmetry (denoted by AA). This study, however, also considers two other alternative cases as short-run asymmetry-long-run symmetry (denoted by AS) and short-run symmetry-long-run asymmetry (denoted by SA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the asymmetric effects of real exchange rate changes on the domestic output of selected Asian countries. To account for asymmetries, we separate currency appreciation from depreciation and utilize the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. Employing annual data (1973 to 2018), we find evidence of short-run and long-run asymmetries in the effects of real exchange changes on the domestic output of all the countries. This means that currency appreciations have different effects from currency depreciations on the output of the countries. Overall, the results suggest that both currency appreciations and depreciations are contractionary in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a unique setting of Canadian public firms adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to investigate the factors that motivate companies to revalue Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E) under the deemed cost provision in IFRS 1, and whether revaluations help predict future performance, and what is the market reaction to such revaluations. Utilizing the probit model, difference-in-differences approach, and Wald test, we find that large firms and/or firms with higher net PP&E to total assets ratios are more likely to revalue PP&E, and firms adopting the fair value option for PP&E record lower depreciation in the post-IFRS period. In addition, we show that investors react negatively to the firms electing the fair value option for PP&E and the market discounts such revaluation information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the main changes in Ukrainian legislation regarding the introduction of accounting at enterprises during the period of martial law and defines the procedure for conducting business in and outside of Ukraine. Accordingly, all branches of business are considered in the order of their vulnerability to the external environment. The largest sector of business, namely small and medium-sized businesses, is very vulnerable to the impact of such significant economic changes. The introduction of voluntary payment of a single tax, exemption from paying a single social contribution for oneself and for mobilized workers, reduction of the rate of a single tax from 5% to 2% for the third group of single tax payers was studied. Examples of a number of relaxations of the government are given, namely, the introduction of a moratorium on fines for late filing of reports and payment of taxes, as well as the charging of penalties and the implementation of planned and unplanned measures of state supervision (control) and state market supervision during the period of martial law. Systematized knowledge of specific operations in accounting, such as the display of operations on the alienation or seizure of property under the legal regime of war or state of emergency, on the free transfer of property in favor of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense units. In addition, changes in the procedure for calculating depreciation on such property, as well as on fixed assets, which enterprises are unable to use for their activities due to their placement in the war zone, were considered. The specifics of payment, accrual and display in employee salary reporting are explained. The main changes have been determined regarding: accounting of mobilized workers, to workers whose work tasks cannot be performed remotely, procedures for changing working conditions; salary payment terms; drawing up an employment contract, vacations for employees who are abroad, procedures for releasing the employer from the obligation to maintain the average earnings of employees called up for military service, etc. Key changes and innovations related to value added tax have been systematized, in particular, a change in the procedure for registering tax invoices and calculating adjustments to them in the Unified Register of Tax Invoices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates determinants of deepening dollarization and the relationship between exchange rate and inflation across foreign exchange regimes and degrees of dollarization. To this end, the fixed effect models are adopted using 28 country‐level panel incorporating countries that have experienced dollarization from 1995 to 2016. The overall estimation results show that first, high inflation, less flexible exchange rate movements, the sluggish real economy and the inadequacy of the institutional environments are contributing factors to intensify the dollarization. Secondly, the estimation results using the de‐dollarization country group indicates that real appreciation of the domestic currency is an important factor in mitigating the degree of dollarization while the increasing effects of inflation on dollarization are more pronounced in the dollarized economies. Finally, high dollarization or a high depreciation rate of the domestic currency tends to increase inflation, and those effects are found to have more significant in the dollarized economies, while real depreciation is a factor contributing to lowering inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is aimed primarily at complementing 'courses on financial accounting, corporate reporting and auditing; also, as a resource for researchers in accounting history'. The accounting profession was formally established in the second half of the century and compulsory professional annual audit was required of all limited companies from 1907 (later gradually relaxed to exempt smaller companies). This excellent book by a renowned expert on the history of accounting in the British Isles focuses on "corporate financial reporting", i.e. the development of accounting by corporate, profit-seeking, entities to (mainly) their external owners/shareholders, and reliably conveys what modern historical research (including Edwards's own) has revealed. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a simple method for estimating the size of environmental capital (KN) assets that are otherwise mistaken as infinite. An illustration is provided for Australia's air shed. The method draws on the perpetual inventory method (PIM) used in macroeconomics for measuring the size of manufactured capital (KM) stock. While the application of the PIM for measuring KM is based on net accumulation over time, with KN it involves net depreciation over time. The depreciation, however, can be negated by the resilience capabilities of KN assets based on their biophysical characteristics. Owing to sparse data, two proxy methods for estimating the resilience coefficient are developed. These proxies rely on emission targets and standards that have been discussed in Australia's policy context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the amendment made in the temporary article 31 of the Tax Procedure Law numbered 213 (TPL) with the 11th article of the Law numbered 7326 on Restructuring of Certain Receivables and Making Amendments on Certain Laws, which was published in the Official Gazette dated 9 June 2021 and numbered 31506 and the amendment made in the article 298 and temporary article 32 added to TPL with the 31th and 52nd articles of the Law numbered 7338 on Making Amendments on Tax Procedure Law and Certain Laws which was published in the Official Gazette dated 26 October 2021 and numbered 31640, taxpayers are provided with the opportunity to revaluate their immovable properties and economic assets subject to depreciation. In this study, the effects of the relevant regulations on the financial statement preparation process of companies preparing financial statements in accordance with Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TFRS) were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endangered Species Act recovery plans must meet legal requirements (1) to provide recovery time and cost estimates, (2) to set objective and measurable delisting criteria, and (3) to address the five factors that are considered when listing or delisting a species. These five factors include: threats to habitat or range, whether or not a species is subject to overutilization, presence of disease, existence of regulatory mechanisms outside of federal protection (i.e., the states), and if there are other natural or anthropogenic factors impacting continued existence. We reviewed recovery plans for fish listed under the Endangered Species Act and managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to determine how many meet these requirements. Of 105 recovery plans for fish taxa managed by the USFWS, 52% of plans estimated time to recovery, 44% plans estimated cost of recovery, and 61% plans provided quantitative recovery criteria. Only one‐third of these recovery plans specifically addressed the five delisting factors, which include taxa‐specific threats to species persistence. The USFWS is using the species status assessment (SSA) framework to inform species management, with 15 listed species that have a completed SSA. As SSAs are completed to inform objective and measurable criteria, recovery plans could be revised or amended at the time of 5‐year reviews, especially for taxa whose time and cost estimates for recovery have been surpassed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time recounts the fiction of the "author's" project-of-existence to become an artist. 2. The world of medicine is the area in which the fragility of man is expressed as being-referred-to-death. 3. The deceptive feeling of the power of good health intoxicates medicine, physicians, patients, relatives, treatments -- irreverent depreciation toward the perishable. 4. The medical treatment of the agony of the "author's" grandmother shows the central elements of the doctor-patient relationship in medicine at the beginning of the 20th century: cognitive, affective, operational, ethical, and social. 5. The "author" of the novel is not Marcel Proust and, although it is a fiction, it encourages today's medical world to reflect on its fundamental bioethical foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the currently valid accounting procedures for accounting for land that is not a commodity, according to both Czech legislation and International Accounting Standards. The method of process analysis and subsequent comparison is used. It is found that the accounting and valuation of land in the Czech Republic does not reflect reality as land is valued once and for all at historical cost and does not consider the effect of land price increases in the market or possible damage to the land as a result of an environmental accident. In the case of forest land, the value of the land and the forest cover is not accounted for separately. Increasing value due to a growth in timber mass is not taken into account. In contrast, under International Accounting Standards, the value of land must be revalued periodically in response to changing circumstances. In the case of forest land, this involves separate accounting for the land itself under IAS 16 Land, Buildings and Equipment, and for the forest cover under IAS 41 Agriculture. The procedures defined in the International Accounting Standards are more demanding and arduous but give the user significantly more accurate and up-to-date information on the market price of land than the procedures required by Czech legal standards. This enables users to make the right economic decisions. However, the obligation to revalue land periodically in Czech accounting could create a problem in terms of ensuring a sufficient number of qualified valuers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the analysis of current Czech accounting procedures in the case of accounting for the works of art and collections, which are tangible fixed assets. The aim of paper is to assess the current accounting procedures of this issue and the proposal of new procedures. The method of process analysis examines the valid methodological procedures and characterizes their pros and cons. It has been found out that charging the works of art, which are tangible fixed assets, is in contradiction to the Accounting Act in accordance with the Czech legislation in force, as the result is not a faithful representation of the current value of entity's assets. The works of art - tangible fixed assets, are represented in acquisition price in accounting. If the works of art are a part of structure, they are depreciated simultaneously with it. If they are represented independently, their value never changes in accounting in the course of time. Current accounting fails to reflect the increase of artwork value in the course of time. Therefore, it fails to provide a true image of entity's assets and financial situation. The advantage of this way of charging is a fact that it is not demanding for an entity in terms finance and labor. New accounting procedures, which would enable the representation of the current artwork value, both its increase and its decrease, e.g. damage, are proposed in the paper. It would be possible to account for the increased market value on the basis of expert opinion in the given asset account in relation to the account in the group 58 in the 4th account class. It would be possible to account for the temporary decreased value with the help of adjustments, in the case of a permanent value decrease, in accordance with the expert opinion, the value of the given asset account would decrease in relation to the account in the group 54. The pros and cons of the proposed methodology are defined. The user would obtain current information about the value and structure of given entity's assets. However, the adoption of the new methodology would be significantly demanding for an entity in terms finance and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current paradigm for the retail industry, which is experiencing a rapid evolution, especially in textile companies, the generic problem of product allocation in a distribution and supply chain consisting of one main warehouse and several locations, belonging to different sales channels, is a challenge. The omnichannel replenishment process focuses on dynamically optimizing a shop or intermediate warehouse inventory for a wide range of products based on a forecast of sales, in order to fulfill the demand of all of the channels considered. In this context, the aims of this work were (a) to optimize inventory replenishment for multiple channels and products that are not perishable but devalue over time, and (b) to implement a methodology that combines the benefits of the Particle Swarm Optimization metaheuristic and Simulated Annealing. This study was carried out for different sales periods, channels and product configurations by performing a sensitivity analysis between the way new solutions are updated and the degree of intensification used in local search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various empirical methodologies have examined the relationship between exchange rate and household consumption expenditures. However, traditional methods fail to analyze the exchange rate effect on consumption across minor and major currency depreciation and appreciations. We attempt to extend the existing literature by examining the impact of minor and major currency appreciation and depreciation on household consumption expenditures in BRICST countries, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Turkey. We use an extended version of the nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) and multiple threshold nonlinear ARDL model called the multiple asymmetric ARDL (MATNARDL) model. Our estimates, based on the traditional NARDL model, indicate that the asymmetric effect is found in the context of India and China only. However, the MATNARDL estimates suggest that, in the long run, the asymmetric effect is found for all the sample countries except India whereas, in the short run, the asymmetric effect is found for all the sample countries except Turkey. Finally, this study recommends the policy implications based on the results obtained in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research background: The literature has argued that accounting for intangible assets and goodwill provides a wide range for managers to manipulate earnings. Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the impact of accounting treatment of intangible assets and goodwill on earnings management. Research methodology: The study included 115 French companies and 100 UK companies, during 2011–2019, employing multiple regression, where earnings management was measured through discretionary accruals; while accounting for intangibles and goodwill was divided into the capitalization and decapitalization of intangible assets, recognition and derecognition of goodwill, and depreciation and impairment of intangible assets and goodwill. Results: According to the results, accounting for intangible assets and goodwill has an impact on earnings management, while it is used differently between French and UK companies. In France, companies employ intangible assets capitalization to manipulate earnings, while UK companies use intangible assets capitalization and goodwill recognition. Novelty: This study provides supplementary evidence for standards setters, managers, and auditors about the contribution of accounting for intangible assets and goodwill in the quality of financial reporting and explores the new tools and practices of earnings management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the taper tantrum to measure the effects of a sudden depreciation of the exchange rate. We treat this announcement in the United States of America as an exogenous shock in emerging markets and use a difference‐in‐differences approach. We show that, before the tantrum, the impact of exchange rate changes on inflation is low in both the control and the treatment groups. However, the tantrum increased the gap between groups and impacted inflation regardless of the exchange rate regime or central bank practices. Nevertheless, inflation in economies with flexible exchange rate, inflation target, or highly credible central bank is less exposed to depreciations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an application of the recent CS-ARDL methodology in the context of a country's trade balance–exchange rate relationship. The trade balance is expected to deteriorate first before improving in response to currency depreciation and vice versa, widely known as the J-curve effect satisfying the Marshall–Lerner condition in the long run. Combining bilateral and aggregate analysis in one setting by constructing specific panel data with one reference country, we find that aggregate analysis is sensitive to our allowance for heterogeneity. Estimates using the aggregate time series data show evidence favoring the J-curve relation, whereas the aggregate analysis resulting from the panel time series data shows that currency appreciation improves trade balance in Bangladesh in the long run, which goes against the Marshall–Lerner condition. With the reference of the existing commodity-level literature, we argue that this atypical scenario lines with the realities of a 'small' economy like Bangladesh, where her exporters attempt to maintain their market share with some government support. The study provides essential policy suggestions by identifying the significant contributors to Bangladesh's trade balance–exchange rate relationship: China, Japan, and Singapore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the large fluctuations of the Australian dollar in the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) started to express a preference for a weaker domestic currency through public speeches and monetary policy statements in order to achieve balanced economic growth. We construct a novel Exchange Rate Stance Index (ERSI) to measure the magnitude of RBA's oral interventions in the foreign exchange market. We employ the ERSI in a structural vector autoregressive model to quantify the impact of RBA's communication on the Australian dollar and overall economic activity. An unanticipated increase in the ERSI leads to a significant weakening of the Australian dollar and considerably stimulates output. The ERSI shocks account for a sizeable fraction of Australia's macroeconomic fluctuations, comparable to the exchange rate shocks. The impact of ERSI on output is largely transmitted through the exchange rate depreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of depreciation practices on the internal decision making of local government (LG) budget officers. Prior studies focus on depreciation practices that influence decision making and policy formulation through financial performance indicators. However, such practices are also expected to affect capital asset management. Specifically, the presence of depreciation information makes it possible for budget officers to account for the burden of current and future generations such as depreciation costs and debt interests when budgeting. Thus, this study tests the impact of depreciation information on capital budgeting by conducting a survey experiment with all 1788 LGs in Japan. A questionnaire was sent to LG budget officers with two patterns of experimental groups: decision making for capital budgeting (a) without depreciation information and (b) with depreciation information. The experimental results show that budget officers' capital budget decisions are influenced by the presence of depreciation information. This study contributes to accounting and public sector research and practice by showing the impact of depreciation information on the decision making of LG budget officers for capital budgeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]