640 results on '"Džakula, A."'
Search Results
402. Solution structures of staphylococcal nuclease from multidimensional, multinuclear NMR: Nuclease-H124L and its ternary complex with Ca2+and thymidine-3′,5′-bisphosphate
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Wang, Jinfeng, Truckses, Dagmar, Abildgaard, Frits, Džakula, Željko, Zolnai, Zsolt, and Markley, John
- Abstract
The solution structures of staphylococcal nuclease (nuclease) H124L and itsternary complex, (nuclease-H124L)•pdTp•Ca2+, were determinedby ab initio dynamic simulated annealing using 1925 NOE, 119 φ, 20χ1and 112 hydrogen bond constraints for the free protein,and 2003 NOE, 118 φ, 20 χ1and 114 hydrogen bondconstraints for the ternary complex. In both cases, the final structuresdisplay only small deviations from idealized covalent geometry. In structuredregions, the overall root-mean-square deviations from mean atomic coordinatesare 0.46 (±0.05) Å and 0.41 (±0.05) Å for thebackbone heavy atoms of nuclease and its ternary complex, respectively. Thebackbone conformations of residues in the loop formed byArg81–Gly86, which is adjacent to the activesite, are more precisely defined in the ternary complex than in unligatednuclease. Also, the protein side chains that show NOEs and evidence forhydrogen bonds to pdTp (Arg35, Lys84,Tyr85, Arg87, Tyr113, andTyr115) are better defined in the ternary complex. As has beenobserved previously in the X-ray structures of nuclease-WT, the binding ofpdTp causes the backbone of Tyr113to change from an extendedto a left-handed α-helical conformation. The NMR structures reportedhere were compared with available X-ray structures: nuclease-H124L [Truckseset al. (1996) Protein Sci., 5, 1907–1916] and the ternary complex ofwild-type staphylococcal nuclease [Loll and Lattman (1989) Proteins Struct.Funct. Genet., 5, 183–201]. Overall, the solution structures ofnuclease-H124L are consistent with these crystal structures, but smalldifferences were observed between the structures in the solution and crystalenvironments. These included differences in the conformations of certain sidechains, a reduction in the extent of helix 1 in solution, and many fewerhydrogen bonds involving side chains in solution.
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- 1997
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403. Prvi nalaz eperitrozoonoze u svinja u Jugoslaviji
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Modrić, Zvonko, Džakula, Nikola, Stojiljković, Dagny, Čuljak, Križan, Grabarević, Željko, Milas, Zoran, and Bedrica, Ljiljana
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eperitrozoonoza ,svinje - Abstract
Eperitrozoonoza u svinja u Jugoslaviji prvi put je zabilježena u maju 1986. godine u 19 praščića u Sisiku. Dijagnoza je postavljena na temelju epizootioloških podataka, kliničkog i patološkog nalaza.
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- 1987
404. Calcium Oxalate Precipitation in Model Systems Mimicking the Conditions of Hyperoxaluria.
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Stanković, Anamarija, Šafranko, Silvija, Kontrec, Jasminka, Njegić Džakula, Branka, Lyons, Daniel M., Marković, Berislav, and Kralj, Damir
- Abstract
This work focuses on systematic research of spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in model systems mimicking the chemical conditions typical for hyperoxaluria. For this purpose, model systems of three different complexities (simple, NaCl, and artificial urine system) and two initial pH (pHi = 5.0 and pHi = 9.0) at 37 °C are studied. In all investigated systems, dominant precipitation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is observed, except in artificial urine system at pHi = 9.0, ci(C2O42−) ≥ 6.0 mmol dm−3 and ci(Ca2+) ≥ 7.5 mmol dm−3, where precipitation of a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate occurs. The significant difference is mainly observed in COM crystal morphology. In a simple system, COM precipitates in a dendritic form; in NaCl system, dendritic form and irregular shapes are found, while in the artificial urine, prismatic hexagonal and aggregated COM crystals precipitate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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405. Decentralisation of health care in Croatia - Teaching model and challenges?
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Aleksandar Džakula, Šogorić, S., and Šklebar, I.
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decentralization ,lcsh:R ,management ,health care reform ,policy ,transition ,lcsh:Medicine - Abstract
The precondition for implementing decentralisation in health care is the education and empowerment of medical professionals and local politicians for management and decision-making. The decentralisation in health care has to be planned to suit the needs of regions and population (bottom-up), and not to follow the uniform model devised by the central government. The processes of decentralisation can have negative effect on the quality of health care, increase prices and emphasise inequity in health. The poorly managed decentralisation can slow down the development and block the changes.
406. The CroHort study: Cardiovascular behavioral risk factors in adults, school children and adolescents, hospitalized coronary heart disease patients, and cardio rehabilitation groups in Croatia | Studija CroHort: Kardiovaskularni Ponašajni Rizici Odraslih, Školske Djece I Adolescenata, Hospitaliziranih Koronarnih Pacijenata I Pacijenata Na Rehabilitaciji U Hrvatskoj
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Musić Milanović, S., Ivičević Uhernik, A., Džakula, A., Brborović, O., Poljičanin, T., Fišter, K., Jureša, V., Heim, I., Vražić, H., Bergovec, M., JOSIPA KERN, and Vuletić, S.
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Based on repeated measurement of health behaviors the CroHort Study showed that health behavior explains a great deal more of class inequalities in mortality than observed in previous studies. These include decreasing prevalence of smoking and increase in obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The lowest prevalence of health risks was recorded among children and adolescents, followed by general adult population from the CroHort Study. Hospitalized coronary heart disease patients had higher risks prevalence than general population, while the highest prevalence of risks was recorded among patients in cardiac rehabilitation program. The higher levels of stress were associated to lower financial conditions, poorer social functioning and poorer mental health for both men and women. Higher levels of stress were also associated with heart problems, higher alcohol consumption in men while in women stress was associated to poorer general health, higher age and lower levels of education.
407. Decentralization and how to conduct it - As a revolution or an evolution? County public health and management capacity building as a prerequisite for successful decentralization in the Republic of Croatia,Decentralizacija i Kako je Provesti - Revolucijski Ili Evolucijski? Jačanje Javnozdravstvenog i Upravljačkog Kapaciteta Regionalne Samouprave Kao Preduvjet za Uspješno Provodenje Decentralizacije u Republici Hrvatskoj
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Šogorić, S., Aleksandar Džakula, Polašek, O., Grozić-Živolić, S., and Lang, S.
408. The CroHort study: Cardiovascular behavioral risk factors in adults, school children and adolescents, hospitalized coronary heart disease patients, and cardio rehabilitation groups in Croatia,Studija CroHort: Kardiovaskularni Ponašajni Rizici Odraslih, Školske Djece I Adolescenata, Hospitaliziranih Koronarnih Pacijenata I Pacijenata Na Rehabilitaciji U Hrvatskoj
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Musić Milanović, S., Ivičević Uhernik, A., Džakula, A., Brborović, O., Poljičanin, T., Kristina Fišter, Jureša, V., Heim, I., Vražić, H., Bergovec, M., Kern, J., and Vuletić, S.
409. Regional pattern of cardiovascular risk burden in Croatia
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Kern, Josipa, Polašek, Ozren, Musić Milanović, Sanja, Džakula, Aleksandar, Kristina Fišter, Strnad, Marija, Ivanković, Davor, and Vuletić, Silvije
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Adult ,Male ,Risk ,Adolescent ,Croatia ,education ,Middle Aged ,Age Distribution ,cardiovascular risk burden ,regional pattern ,health behaviour ,Croatian Adult Health Survey ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Residence Characteristics ,Population Surveillance ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,Sex Distribution ,Aged - Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate regional gradient of a synthetic cardiovascular burden (CVRB) in Croatia. Analysis was based on a multistage stratified sample representative of general adult population in six regions of Croatia (Croatian Adult Health Survey). Synthetic CVRB was defined by incidents (heart attack, stroke), blood pressure, overweight/obesity (BMI, waist circumference), and risky behaviours (smoking, physical inactivity, high alcohol consumption, inadequate nutrition). Total CVRB in Croatia was 44.7% for men and 50.3% for women. Combining both high and moderate CVRB, men were found to be under more risk than women (72.8% vs. 61.7%, respectively). The result showed an east-north-west gradient in continental Croatia, with high CVRB in Eastern (40.2%) and Central region (44.3%), City of Zagreb (45.7%) and Northern region (53.1%). Mountainous region had the lowest prevalence of respondents with high CVRB (39.2%). Coastal region with the prevalence of 46.3% of high CVRB was nearly the same as the City of Zagreb. The results suggest the presence of substantial regional differences in the cardiovascular risk burden.
410. Potentiometric investigation of specific ionic effects on interactions between bovine serum albumin and weak polyelectrolytes
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Mutka, S., Njegić-Džakula, B., and Davor Kovačević
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Chemistry ,potentiometric titration ,bovine serum albumin ,weak polyelectrolytes ,ionic strength - Abstract
The effect of salt on the behaviour of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in solution and on the interactions between BSA and the weakly charged polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) was investigated by potentiometric titrations. Titrations of pure BSA solution and of the BSA solution with the addition of polyelectrolyte were performed in the presence of different salts. Three electrolytes having the same anion and a different cation were used, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, and caesium chloride. The corresponding base served as titrant. Experiments were performed at four electrolyte concentrations. The titration curves showed a strong influence of ionic strength and the electrolyte type. The cation effect was found to be in accordance with the Hofmeister series.
411. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
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Zhou, Bin, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Danaei, Goodarz, Riley, Leanne M, Paciorek, Christopher J, Stevens, Gretchen A, Gregg, Edward W, Bennett, James E, Solomon, Bethlehem, Singleton, Rosie K, Sophiea, Marisa K, Iurilli, Maria LC, Lhoste, Victor PF, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Woodward, Mark, Balanova, Yulia, Cifkova, Renata, Damasceno, Albertino, Elliott, Paul, Farzadfar, Farshad, He, Jiang, Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Margozzini Maira, Paula, Miranda, J Jaime, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Sundström, Johan, Varghese, Cherian, Widyahening, Indah S, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadi, Nastaran, Ahmadizar, Fariba, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Auvinen, Juha, Avdićová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Banadinović, Maja, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barreto, Marta, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes, Bartosiewicz, Anna, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloísa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bia, Daniel, Biasch, Katia, Bika Lele, Elysée Claude, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Boyer, Christopher B, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Briceño, Yajaira, Brito, Miguel, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Bueno, Gloria, Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de León, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Capanzana, Mario V, Čapková, Naděžda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carvalho, Joana, Casanueva, Felipe F, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Chee, Miao Li, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chien, Kuo-Liong, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cruz, Juan J, Csilla, Semánová, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, Cuschieri, Sarah, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, DeGennaro, Vincent Jr, Delisle, Hélène, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dörr, Marcus, Doua, Kouamelan, Dragano, Nico, Drygas, Wojciech, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dushpanova, Anar, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Felix, Stephan B, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferreira, Haroldo S, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiró, Thamara Hubler, Fink, Günther, Fischer, Krista, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Franco, Maria do Carmo, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furdela, Viktoriya, Furer, Ariel, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Gao, Pei, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garcia, Pablo, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geleijnse, Johanna M, George, Ronnie, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Ghimire, Anup, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Giampaoli, Simona, Gieger, Christian, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Goldberg, Marcel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Gomez, Luis F, Gomula, Aleksandra, Gonçalves, Helen, Gonçalves, Mauer, Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna, Gonzalez-Chica, David A, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, María-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjær, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R, Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu AM, Hantunen, Sari, Hao, Jie, Hardman, Carla Menêses, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J, He, Yuna, Heier, Margit, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henrique, Rafael dos Santos, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herqutanto, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Horasan Dinc, Gonul, Horimoto, Andrea RVR, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Huiart, Laetitia, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G, Ibrahim, Mohsen M, Ibrahim Wong, Norazizah, Ikram, M Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E, Ishida, Takafumi, Isiguzo, Godsent C, Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jóżwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalpourtzi, Natasa, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kampmann, Freja B, Kannan, Srinivasan, Karaglani, Eva, Kårhus, Line L, Karki, Khem B, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Keil, Ulrich, Keinan Boker, Lital, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han CG, Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Jeongseon, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Kontto, Jukka P, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratenova, Jana, Kriaucioniene, Vilma, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kutsenko, Vladimir, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle, Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehmann, Nils, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lars, Lingam, Vijaya, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, José Eugenio, Lukačević Lovrenčić, Iva, Lukrafka, Janice L, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lustigová, Michala, Luszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Macia, Enguerran, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia K, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Marcil, Anie, Mårild, Staffan B, Marinović Glavić, Mihalea, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Matasin, Marija, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matlosz, Piotr, Matsha, Tandi E, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Mediene Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Mendoza Montano, Carlos, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mini, GK, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Møllehave, Line T, Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali, 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Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Jeongseon, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Kontto, Jukka P, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratenova, Jana, Kriaucioniene, Vilma, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kutsenko, Vladimir, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle, Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehmann, Nils, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lars, Lingam, Vijaya, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, José Eugenio, Lukačević Lovrenčić, Iva, Lukrafka, Janice L, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lustigová, Michala, Luszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Macia, Enguerran, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia K, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Marcil, Anie, Mårild, Staffan B, Marinović Glavić, Mihalea, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Matasin, Marija, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matlosz, Piotr, Matsha, Tandi E, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Mediene Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Mendoza Montano, Carlos, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mini, GK, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Møllehave, Line T, Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André, Mridha, Malay K, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muhihi, Alfa J, Muiesan, Maria L, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Musić Milanović, Sanja, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Narake, Sameer, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang V, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Niiranen, Teemu J, Nikitin, Yury P, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Njelekela, Marina A, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Nsour, Mohannad Al, Nunes, Baltazar, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Ochimana, Caleb, Oda, Eiji, Odili, Augustine N, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olié, Valérie, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Paiva, Karina Mary de, Pająk, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Paoli, Mariela, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pavlyshyn, Halyna, Pećin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pedro, João M, Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Karen GDA, Peres, Marco A, Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia n, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Poudyal, Anil, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Queiroz, Daniel, Quoc Bao, Tran, Radić, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina M, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Rarra, Vayia, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, María del Cristo, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Russo, Paola, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sabbaghi, Hamideh, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sebert, Sylvain, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servais, Jennifer, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Caroline Ramos de Moura, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Sorić, Maroje, Sossa Jérome, Charles, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Staessen, Jan A, Starc, Gregor, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charles, Szklo, Moyses, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thinggaard, Mikael, Thomas, Nihal, Thorand, Barbara, Thuesen, Betina H, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjandrarini, Dwi H, Tjonneland, Anne, Toft, Ulla, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Triantafyllou, Areti, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, van den Born, Bert-Jan, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, van Zutphen, Elisabeth M, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Ari, Wade, Alisha N, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley Júnior, Rildo de Souza, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Wyszynska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tajana, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Zoghlami, Nada, Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio, and Ezzati, Majid
- Abstract
Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of
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412. A comparison of health system responses to COVID-19 in Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania in 2020
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Džakula, Aleksandar, Banadinović, Maja, Lovrenčić, Iva Lukačević, Vajagić, Maja, Dimova, Antoniya, Rohova, Maria, Minev, Mincho, Scintee, Silvia Gabriela, Vladescu, Cristian, Farcasanu, Dana, Robinson, Susannah, Spranger, Anne, Sagan, Anna, Rechel, Bernd, Džakula, Aleksandar, Banadinović, Maja, Lovrenčić, Iva Lukačević, Vajagić, Maja, Dimova, Antoniya, Rohova, Maria, Minev, Mincho, Scintee, Silvia Gabriela, Vladescu, Cristian, Farcasanu, Dana, Robinson, Susannah, Spranger, Anne, Sagan, Anna, and Rechel, Bernd
- Abstract
This article compares the health system responses to COVID-19 in Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania from February 2020 until the end of 2020. It explores similarities and differences between the three countries, building primarily on the methodology and content compiled in the COVID-19 Health System Response Monitor (HSRM). We find that all three countries entered the COVID-19 crisis with common problems, including workforce shortages and underdeveloped and underutilized preventive and primary care. The countries reacted swiftly to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, declaring a state of emergency in March 2020 and setting up new governance mechanisms. The initial response benefited from a centralized approach and high levels of public trust but proved to be only a short-term solution. Over time, governance became dominated by political and economic considerations, communication to the public became contradictory, and levels of public trust declined dramatically. The three countries created additional bed capacity for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the first wave, but a greater challenge was to ensure a sufficient supply of qualified health workers. New digital and remote tools for the provision of non-COVID-19 health services were introduced or used more widely, with an increase in telephone or online consultations and a simplification of administrative procedures. However, the provision and uptake of non-COVID-19 health services was still affected negatively by the pandemic. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed pre-existing health system and governance challenges in the three countries, leading to a large number of preventable deaths.
413. Evaluation of different antigens in a seroepizootiological survey of trichinellosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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Rapíc, D., primary, Džakula, N., additional, and Matíc-Piantanida, Dubravka, additional
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- 1986
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414. Stanko Vraz et la littérature française
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Džakula, Branko, primary
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- 1963
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415. Taenia saginata and T. hydatigena: Intramuscular vaccination of calves with oncospheres
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Wikerhauser, Teodor, primary, žuković, Marijan, additional, and Džakula, Nikola, additional
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- 1971
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416. Emergency medicine: navigating the challenges of complex patients.
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Keranović, Adis, Adam, Višnja Nesek, Simić, Anđela, Vočanec, Dorja, and Džakula, Aleksandar
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MEDICAL personnel , *EMERGENCY medical services , *EMERGENCY medicine , *LABOR market , *MEDICAL emergencies , *WAITING rooms - Abstract
The article "Emergency medicine: navigating the challenges of complex patients" discusses the evolving nature of emergency medicine, which now involves treating patients with a wide range of symptoms and concerns beyond life-threatening conditions. The term "hallway medicine" is introduced to describe the practice of treating patients in inappropriate conditions due to increasing pressure on emergency services. The article emphasizes the need for a proactive and preventive approach to address the growing complexity of cases and relieve the strain on resources and staff in emergency medical services. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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417. Holistic care and complex needs: unveiling the full potential of modern nursing.
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Pavković, Ljerka, Jakšetić, Dubravka, Marić, Silvija, Vočanec, Dorja, and Džakula, Aleksandar
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MEDICAL personnel , *HEALTH facilities , *MEDICAL quality control , *COVID-19 pandemic , *HEALTH services accessibility , *COMMUNITY health nursing - Abstract
The article "Holistic care and complex needs: unveiling the full potential of modern nursing" discusses the importance of holistic care in modern healthcare, emphasizing the need to consider individual needs and the entire context of care provision. It highlights the crucial role of nurses in addressing complex patient needs, emphasizing their unique perspective, continuous involvement in patient care, and ability to provide comprehensive and holistic care. The article also stresses the significance of educating both professionals and laypeople to recognize and understand complex needs, particularly in extreme circumstances, to ensure timely and adequate care for all individuals. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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418. Preparation and characterization of calcium oxalate dihydrate seeds suitable for crystal growth kinetic analyses.
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Stanković, Anamarija, Kontrec, Jasminka, Njegić Džakula, Branka, Kovačević, Davor, Marković, Berislav, and Kralj, Damir
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CALCIUM oxalate , *CRYSTAL growth , *IRRADIATION , *STOICHIOMETRY , *BIOMATERIALS - Abstract
Highlights • For the first time precipitation of calcium oxalate using ultrasonic irradiation is reported. • Workable and fast preparation of pure and well-formed COD crystals. • System containing only constituents (calcium and oxalate ions) and citrate and Na+ ions. • In presence of citrate, ultrasonicated system produced 100% COD at all investigated Ca2+/C 2 O 4 2− ratios. Abstract This work is focused on a practical procedure by which pure and well-formed COD crystals were obtained. The effect of different type of stirring on the precipitation process and properties of COD crystals is studied. Mechanical and magnetic stirring are two common stirring types for precipitation of calcium oxalate and method using ultrasonic irradiation is newly described. The precipitation processes are systematically investigated varying solution stoichiometry (defined as a ratio of concentrations of the constituent ions in solution, (Ca+/(C 2 O 4 2−) and concentration of additive (citrate). The differences of the structure, morphology and crystals properties between precipitates were investigated by SEM, FT-IR, TG and PXRD. In the ultrasonically stirred systems, COD was the only precipitated phase regardless of solution stoichiometry. Pure and well formed COD crystals with well-formed planes were obtained in the system with c (Ca2+)/ c (C 2 O 4 2−) = 3.86 and c (citrate) = 0.009 mol dm−3. The results demonstrate that ultrasonically assisted precipitation could be a new way in synthesis of COD crystals having different potential applications (in the fields of medicine and biotechnology). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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419. Nurse coordinator of care as a facilitator of integration processes in palliative care.
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Vočanec, Dorja, Lončarek, Karmen, Sović, Slavica, and Džakula, Aleksandar
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OCCUPATIONAL roles , *MEDICAL quality control , *NURSES' attitudes , *FOCUS groups , *HUMAN research subjects , *RESEARCH methodology , *MANAGEMENT of medical records , *INFORMED consent (Medical law) , *NURSES , *GOVERNMENT policy , *PROFESSIONAL competence , *RESEARCH funding , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *PALLIATIVE treatment - Abstract
Aims and objectives: This paper investigates the feasibility and the perception of the nurse's role as the palliative care coordinator. Background: Integrated care is a global imperative in all healthcare improvement processes. Due to Andrija Štampar's success in the organisation of public health services, Croatia today has more than hundred years of experience in care integration. The palliative care system has been continuously developing since 2014 as an integrated care model, with nurses as care coordinators. Methods: The study used a mixed methodology based on pragmatic research principles, including an analysis of strategic and policy documents and reports, and thematic analysis of focus group conducted with palliative care coordinators, following COREQ checklist. Results: Although a legal, professional and financial regulation of nurse coordinators has been achieved, a number of implementation challenges remain. These challenges arise as a result of long‐term fragmentation of the health and social care, and can be found in both horizontal and vertical integration of care, that is in the dimensions of functional, clinical, cultural and social integration. Conclusions: Nurses play a central role in care coordination. Coordination and integration promote professionalisation with clear roles and tasks. However, even with the legal, professional and financial implementation of the nurse coordinator model, it has to be further promoted as an equally important job in the healthcare system, with nurses as competent professionals in charge of care coordination. Relevance to clinical practice: Palliative care provides a range of individualised, coordinated services that meet the medical and non‐medical needs of seriously ill patients. Described model of palliative care in Croatia is particularly important because it was developed as an integrated part of health care (and partly social welfare) system, indicating with the nurse's role as palliative care coordinator that coordination is a continuous process that requires a dedicated professional role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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420. Exposure of microplastics to organic matter in waters enhances microplastic encapsulation into calcium carbonate.
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Matijaković Mlinarić, Nives, Selmani, Atiđa, Brkić, Antun Lovro, Njegić Džakula, Branka, Kralj, Damir, and Kontrec, Jasminka
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PLASTIC marine debris , *CARBON content of water , *DISSOLVED organic matter , *CALCITE , *CALCIUM carbonate , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy , *MICROPLASTICS , *X-ray powder diffraction - Abstract
Plastic pollution in water ecosystems is threatening the survival of wildlife. In particular, microplastics may be encapsulated into calcium carbonate, a crucial building block of hard tissue in many species such as molluscs, corals, phytoplankton, sponges, echinoderms, and crustaceans. Actually little is known on the effect of humic acids, a common component of dissolved organic matter, on the encapsulation of microplastic into calcium carbonate. Here, we precipitated calcium carbonate with humic acids and polystyrene microspheres. The precipitation process was followed by measuring pH during the reaction. Composition, structure, morphology, surface properties and microspheres encapsulation extent were analysed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, total organic carbon analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrophoretic and dynamic light scattering. Results show, for the first time, that encapsulation of polystyrene microspheres into calcite crystals occurs only after the treatment of the microspheres with humic acids, leading to encapsulation of about 5% of the initial microspheres mass. On the contrary, untreated microspheres did not encapsulate in calcium carbonate. Our findings imply that exposure of microplastics to dissolved organic matter in water ecosystems could result in enhanced encapsulation into the exoskeleton and endoskeleton of aquatic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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421. Precipitation of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Under Nearly the Same Initial Supersaturation.
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Mlinarić, Nives Matijaković, Šafranko, Silvija, Vidas, Bernarda, Goman, Dominik, Jokić, Stela, Kontrec, Jasminka, Džakula, Branka Njegić, Marion, Ida Delač, Medvidović-Kosanović, Martina, and Stanković, Anamarija
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CALCIUM oxalate , *SUPERSATURATION , *CRYSTAL morphology , *KIDNEY stones , *BIOLOGICAL systems , *CALCIUM ions - Abstract
Spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) in additive-free systems with nearly the same initial supersaturation has been investigated. The influence of thermodynamic parameters such as: temperature (t = 25, 36.5 and 48 °C), calcium concentration range of 5 mmol dm-3 ≤ ci(Ca2+) ≤ 10 mmol dm-3 and pH (5.6, 6.5 and 7.5), on the potential changes in structure, morphology and crystal size of COM have been studied. The values of the initial parameters were varied in a wide range and included values relevant for mimicking the physiological conditions related to those in biological systems and kidney stone formation. The results contributed to the knowledge about the influence of the selected individual parameters as well as their interplay influence on in vitro precipitation of COM. The findings have indicated that COM was the only precipitated phase exhibiting predominant dendritic morphology. The effects on crystal size, structure and morphology are more pronounced at higher temperature, pH and calcium concentration. These results provide basis for future studies of overall mechanism of COM formation and the future studies of kidney stone prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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422. 10 health questions about the new EU neighbours.
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Džakula, Aleksandar
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PUBLIC health , *NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "10 Health Questions About the New EU Neighbours," edited by A. Arnaudova.
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- 2006
423. Razvoj i primena ciljno vođenog procesnog skladišta podataka kao osnove za inteligentnu analizu procesa održavanja opreme
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Rakić, Miomir, Njeguš, Angelina, Bačanin-Džakula, Nebojša, and Delibašić, Boris
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Inženjerski menadžment ,procesno skladište podataka (PDW), ciljno vođen PDW, višekriterijumska analiza izbora standarda, granične vrednosti uspešnosti procesa - Abstract
Problem unapređenja poslovanja sa stanovišta optimizacije procesa i smanjenja troškova je standardni cilj svakog poslovnog sistema. Novija unapređenja su se zasnivala na primenama najnovijih tehnologija, ali su se one prvenstveno bavile parcijalnim segmentom poslovanja, kao na primer kod održavanja opreme radnim nalozima i analizama rezultata otklanjanja kvarova. Nisu uzimale u obzir kompletan proces, od prijave kvara do trenutka otklanjanja kvarova. Zbog toga su predložena rešenja bila parcijalna i u nekim slučajevima davala potpuno pogrešne rezultate analiza. Predloženo rešenje se bazira na definisanju načina obuhvata kompletnog procesa, izborom najoptimalnije standarda za snimanje, analizu i optimizaciju procesa i izborom odgovarajućeg formata podataka koji može da se usaglasi na analiziranim procesom i definisanim objektima snimljenim tokom procesa. Zbog toga se rešenje baziralo na primeni odgovarajućeg standarda za tu vrstu procesa do koje se došlo primenom višekriterijumske analize i analizom dostupne stručne literature, zatim na primeni skladišta podataka kao opšte strukture podataka, a dodatnim analizama je usvojen procesno skladište podataka (Process Data Warehouse, PDW), sa ciljnim parametrima analize i definisanim graničnim vrednostima. Ključni rezultati dobijeni analizom su pokazali da je primena izabranog standarda za snimanje procesa obezbeđena ključna baza elemenata koji su potrebni za optimizaciju, da je primenom objektnog PDW-a obezbeđena kvalitetna i realna baza podataka. Transformacijom podataka iz relacione u strukturu skladišta podataka, dobijena je jednostavna struktura koja je obezbedila dinamički pristup podacima i njihovo dinamičko grupisanje i specijalizaciju, a dodatna proširenja koja su se odnosila na granične i ciljane vrednosti su u potpunosti opravdale primenjen koncept. Ovim konceptom je prikazano da od prvobitnog polazišta da je sistem održavanja vrlo uspešan (uptime opreme na nivou >95%) kad se posmatra samo radni nalog, došlo se pokazatelja da u preko 30% intervencija, kad se pogleda kompletan proces, dolazi do kašnjenja u otklanjanju kvarova.
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- 2023
424. Interventions for neuropathic pain
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Došenović, Svjetlana, Puljak, Livia, Kolčić, Ivana, Jerončić, Ana, and Džakula, Aleksandar
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Treatment Outcome ,Neuralgia ,Pain Management ,Randomized Controlled Trials ,Review Literature - Abstract
Uvod: Dostupne su brojne intervencije za neuropatsku bol (NeuP), ali njeno liječenje ostaje nezadovoljavajuće. Metode: Ovaj doktorski rad sastoji se od 4 studije koje su i) sustavno sažele dokaze iz sustavnih pregleda (SR) randomiziranih kontroliranih studija (RCT) o intervencijama za NeuP, ii) procijenile domene ishoda i mjere korištene za procjenu učinkovitosti i sigurnosti liječenja, iii) metodološku kvalitetu uključenih SR, i iv) svijest i prihvatljivost Inicijativa o metodama, mjerenju i procjeni boli u kliničkim ispitivanjima (IMMPACT) - preporučeni osnovni skup ishoda (COS) i temeljne mjere ishoda (COM) za kroničnu bol među autorima SRs. Rezultati: Najčešće intervencije u 97 uključenih SR bile su farmakološke (59%) i kirurške (15%). Većina analiziranih SR bila je srednje kvalitete. Više od 50% zaključaka iz sažetaka o učinkovitosti i oko 80% o sigurnosti bili su neuvjerljivi. Uključeni SR-ovi prijavili su medijan 4 od 6 ključnih domena IMMPACT-a. Intenzitet boli većinom je procijenjen VAS (n=59) i NRS (n=29) ljestvicama. Autori NeuP SR-ova nedovoljno koriste relevantni preporučeni COS jer nisu svjesni ili ga smatraju irelevantnim. Zaključci: Dokazi o intervencijama za NeuP često su neuvjerljivi ili ih uopće nema. Metodološka kvaliteta analiziranih SR u području NeuP nije bila optimalna. Potreban je daljnji rad na IMMPACT COS-u u smislu procjene njegove primjerenosti i prihvaćanja među autorima., Introduction: Numerous interventions for neuropathic pain (NeuP) are available, but its treatment remains unsatisfactory. Methods: This doctoral thesis consists of 4 studies that i) systematically summarized evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on interventions for NeuP, ii) assessed outcome domains and measures used for the assessment of treatment efficacy and safety, iii) the methodological quality of included SRs, and iv) awareness and acceptability of Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT)-recommended core outcome set (COS) and core outcome measures (COMs) for chronic pain among authors of SRs. Results: The most common interventions in 97 included SRs were pharmacological (59%) and surgical (15%). The majority of analyzed SRs were of medium quality. More than 50% of conclusions from abstracts on efficacy and around 80% on safety were inconclusive. The included SRs reported a median 4 out of 6 IMMPACT core domains. Pain intensity was mostly assessed with VAS (n=59) and NRS (n=29) scales. Authors of NeuP SRs insufficiently use relevant recommended COS because they are not aware of or they find it irrelevant. Conclusions: Evidence about interventions for NeuP is frequently inconclusive or completely lacking. The methodological quality of analyzed SRs in the field of NeuP was not optimal. Further work on the IMMPACT COS is needed, in terms of evaluating its adequacy and uptake among authors.
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- 2023
425. Interventions for the treatment of postoperative pain in children
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Borić, Krste, Puljak, Livia, Kolčić, Ivana, Jerončić, Ana, and Džakula, Aleksandar
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Postoperative Pain ,Review Literature as Topic ,Treatment Outcome ,Adolescent ,Pain Management ,Child ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Ciljevi: Ciljevi istraživanja bili su: provesti pregled sustavnih pregleda o djelotvornosti i sigurnosti intervencija za liječenje postoperativne boli u djece te napraviti sintezu dokaza, analizirati domene ishoda u sustavnim pregledima i randomiziranim kontroliranim pokusima (engl. randomized controlled trial – RCT) koji su analizirali intervencije za liječenje postoperativne boli u djece te ih usporediti s preporučenim glavnim skupom ishoda inicijative PedIMMPACT (engl. Pediatric Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials) te na koncu provesti anketu o svjesnosti i prihvaćenosti preporučenog glavnog skupa ishoda među autorima sustavnih pregleda i RCT-ova. Metodologija: U prvom dijelu istraživanja napravljen je pregled sustavnih pregleda o postoperativnoj boli u djece. Sveobuhvatnom strategijom pretraživanja pretraženo je 6 elektroničkih pismohrana. Dva autora su za svaku studiju neovisno vadili podatke iz članaka. Analizirana je efikasnost i sigurnost pojedinih intervencija, obilježja samih studija kao i njihova metodološka kvaliteta pomoću ljestvice AMSTAR. U drugom i trećem dijelu istraživanja su, nakon obnovljene strategije pretraživanja pomoću koje su pronađena 3 nova sustavna pregleda analizirani ishodi korišteni u sustavim pregledima i u RCT-ovima koji su u njih bili uključeni te uspoređeni s preporučenim ishodima inicijative PedIMMPACT. Za ovo istraživanje također su dva autora neovisno vadila podatke. U posljednjem dijelu istraživanja anketirani su autori analiziranih sustavnih preglednih članaka i RCT-ova kako bi se istražilo njihovo znanje i stavovi prema domenama ishoda koje preporučuje PedIMMPACT. Rezultati: Visokom metodološkom kvalitetom ocijenjeno je 38% sustavnih preglednih članaka o liječenju postoperativne boli u djece, 55% srednjom i 7% niskom kvalitetom. Pozitivno uvjerljiv dokaz o uspješnoj efekasnosti intervencije pronađen je u 18 sustavnih preglednih članaka dok je pozitivno uvjerljiv dokaz o sigurnosti intervencije pronađen u 14 sustavnih preglednih članaka. Medijan broja svih ishoda u uključenim sustavnim preglednim člancima bio je 4, dok je medijan ishoda preporučenih od strane PedIMMPACT inicijative bio 3. Najčešće opisani PedIMMPACT ishod bio je „nuspojave“, dok je drugi najčešći bio „intenzitet boli“. Nešto više od polovine preglednih članaka koji su analizirali intenzitet boli opisali su alat kojim su mjerili bol. Medijan svih ishoda u uključenim randomiziranim kontroliranim člancima je 5 dok je medijan PedIMMPACT ishoda 2. Najčešće korišten PedIMMPACT ishod bio je „intenzitet boli“ kojeg prate „nuspojave“. Ostala 4 PedIMMPACT ishoda opisana su u manje od 30% uključenih studija. Najčešći ishod koji nije dio preporučenih ishoda PedIMMPACT inicijative bio je „dodatna analgezija“ koja je analizirana u 71% studija. Nije bilo značajne statističke razlike u udjelu PedIMMPACT ishoda u studijama objavljenim prije i poslije objave preporuka. Najčešći alat za mjerenje intenziteta boli bila je vizualno-analogna ljestvica (24%). Samo trećina autora sustavnih preglednih članaka i randomiziranih kontroliranih pokusa o postoperativnoj boli u djece znaju za preporuke PedIMMPACT inicijative. Kao razloge ne korištenja preporučenih ishoda navode nedostatak informiranosti, poteškoće sa implementacijom te manjak resursa. Zaključak: Pozitivno uvjerljivo ocijenjene su sve intervencije koje su bile u skladu sa smjernicama za liječenje akutne bolni što upozorava na važnost pridržavanja smjernicama. Metodološka kvaliteta pronađenih sustavnih pregleda je varirala, a Cochraneovi pregledi imali su veću kvalitetu pa su samim time i korisniji kliničarima. Autori sustavnih pregleda i primarnih studija koje analiziraju intervencije za liječenje postoperativne boli u djece ne predržavaju se preporučenog glavnog skupa ishoda što otežava usporedbu, sintezu rezultata i izradu meta-analiza. Razlog nekorištenja preporučenog skupa ishoda za akutnu bol djece je u tome što većina autora nije nikad čula za inicijativu PedIMMPACT , a oni koji su čuli nedovoljno poznaju njene preporuke. Također su naveli razloge zbog kojih je implementacija smjernica otežana. Nužno je provesti daljnja istraživanja kako bi se vidjelo treba li revidirati preporučeni skup ishoda za akutnu bol djece i kako potaknuti autore da ga koriste., Aims: The aim of the first part of the study was to conduct an overview of systematic reviews that summarizes the results about efficacy and safety from randomized controlled trials involving the various strategies used for postoperative pain management in children. Second and third goal was to investigate the range of efficacy and safety outcomes used in systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions for postoperative pain in children and compare them with outcome domains recommended in the Pediatric Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (PedIMMPACT). And the last aim was to analyze awareness about and acceptability of core outcome set (COS) for pediatric pain recommended by the PedIMMPACT. Methods: The first part of the study was an overview of systematic reviews. Six databases were searched from the earliest date to January 24, 2016. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of included reviews. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) quality assessment tool was used. In the second and third part of the study efficacy and safety outcomes were extracted from included systematic reviews and RCTs. The type and number of outcomes were analyzed and compared against the outcomes recommended by PedIMMPACT. In the last part of the study authors of systematic reviews and RCTs about interventions for postoperative pain in children were surveyed regarding their knowledge, attitudes and usage of the PedIMMPACT COS. Results: Out of 45 systematic reviews that investigated various interventions for postoperative pain in children, 19 systematic reviews (42%) presented conclusive evidence of efficacy. Positive conclusive evidence was reported in 18 systematic reviews (40%). More than half of systematic reviews included in this overview were rated as having medium methodological quality. Of 45 included systematic reviews, 10 were Cochrane reviews and they had higher methodological quality than non-Cochrane reviews. The median number of all outcomes in SRs was 4, while the median number of the PedIMMPACT core outcomes was three out of six. The most commonly reported outcome of the PedIMMPACT COS was “symptoms and adverse events,” followed by pain intensity, which was reported in 75% of the included SRs. Just over half of the SRs that included a pain intensity outcome also indicated the specific pain assessment tool used in the methods section. Median number of reported outcomes was five (range 1 to 11) for the included RCTs and two (range 0 to 6) for PedIMMPACT. The most commonly analyzed PedIMMPACT outcome domains were pain intensity (93%) and ‘symptoms and adverse events’ (83%). The remaining four PedIMMPACT outcomes were present in under 30% of included randomized controlled trials. There was no significant difference in the proportion of PedIMMPACT outcome domains’ use in RCTs published before or after the PedIMMPACT core outcome set. Only a third of surveyed authors of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials about postoperative pain in children had heard about the PedIMMPACT COS for acute pediatric pain. Problems indicated as preventing them from using the COS were lack of awareness, difficulties with implementation, and lack of resources. Conclusion: All analysis of positive conclusive evidence of efficacy in included SRs, except one SR, are in line with guidelines for the management of acute postoperative pain. The superior quality of Cochrane reviews compared to non-Cochrane reviews has already been reported in multiple studies so Cochrane reviews remain the “gold standard” for clinical decision-making. Systematic reviews and RCTs in the field of pediatric pain do not use the recommended COS. This makes comparisons of efficacy and safety across interventions very difficult. Further discussions about the adequacy of COS for acute pediatric pain, as well as interventions to increase the uptake of COS may be warranted.
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- 2023
426. History and development of nursing in the koprivnica area
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Kovaček, Jelena, Kujundžić Tiljak, Mirjana, Borovečki, Ana, and Džakula, Aleksandar
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education ,nursing ,nurse ,history - Abstract
Sestrinstvo je relativno mlada disciplina unatoč činjenici da je njegovanje bolesnih, ranjenih, nemoćnih i siromašnih, kao jedan od oblika pomaganja, prisutno tijekom cijele povijesti čovječanstva. U povijesti sestrinstva najčešće se spominju imena žena koje su se posvetile njezi i pružanju pomoći drugima. To djelovanje najčešće je bilo vezano uz njihovo religijsko, karitativno, altruističko i filantropsko osobno određenje (1). Počeci razvoja zdravstva grada Koprivnice sežu u 14. i 15. stoljeću gdje nalazimo prve vrlo oskudne podatke o postojanju nekakve zdravstvene djelatnosti koja se u to vrijeme veže uz postojanje tzv. hospitala - ustanovu za zbrinjavanje nemoćnih, bolesnih i siromašnih građana. Zdravstvene prilike potkraj 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća bile su loše, bilo je to vrijeme ratova, epidemija i sl. nedaća. Povijest sestrinstva može se usporedno pratiti s razvojem medicine, od prvih početaka skrbi za bolesne i nemoćne pa sve do današnjeg modernog sestrinstva, kao nezaobilazne, samostalne medicinske struke. Prvobitna skrb bila je u rukama pojedinih žena, uglavnom iz kruga obitelji ili prijatelja oboljelog, temeljena na samaritanstvu i filantropiji. U malobrojnim bolnicama u 19. stoljeću brigu o bolesnicima vodile su nekvalificirane ili polukvalificirane bolničarke (15). Do dolaska dr. Nike Selaka na mjesto ravnatelja bolnice nigdje se ne spominje njegovateljski kadar. Tek 1938. dolaze prve medicinske sestre u Koprivnicu, no u prvo vrijeme rade u nekim izvanbolničkim djelatnostima. Od 1961. u ustanovu dolaze prve medicinske sestre s višom školom Zdenka Kovačić, Marija Stanišić, Krunoslava Ivančić i Ružica Lončarić koje su postale i prve glavne odjelne sestre. Od 1968. godine u sestrinstvu dolazi do užih specijalizacija, osobito za suvremeni medicinski tretman, prije svega u intenzivnoj njezi i anesteziji. Novi način rada zahtijevao je pojačane napore medicinskih sestara, traži se veći stupanj odgovornosti tako da se prelazi na rad u smjenama. Veliki iskorak u razvoju sestrinstva doprinijelo je preseljenje u novu bolnicu 1980. godine. Dolazi do otvaranja novih odjela, uvodi se sve više novih medicinsko-tehničkih i dijagnostičkih metoda, teži se standardizaciji provođenja sestrinskih postupaka te se prati kvaliteta provođenja što je zahtijevalo kontinuiranu edukaciju i školovanje medicinskih sestara., Nursing is a relatively young discipline despite the fact that nursing of the sick, the wounded, the helpless and the poor, as one of the forms of aid, has been present throughout the entire human history. The names of women who cared for others are often mentioned in the history of nursing. This activity was most often related to their religious, charitable, altruistic and philanthropic personal determination (1). The beginnings of Koprivnica's health care development date back to the 14th and 15th centuries, where we find the first very scarce data on the existence of some kind of healthcare that was at the time linked to the existence of a hospice - an institution for the helpless, sick and poor citizens. The health conditions at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries were quite bad; it was the time of wars and epidemics. The history of nursing has been accompanied by the development of medicine, from the very beginnings of care for the sick and helpless until today's modern nursing, as an inevitable and independent medical profession. At its beginnings, nursing was in the hands of the women, who mostly came from the family or the circle of friends of the ill; based on samaritanism and philanthropy. In the small 19th century hospitals, patient care was conducted by unqualified or semi-qualified nurses (15) and until dr. Niko Selak's arrival as the head of the hospital, no nursing staff was mentioned. In 1938, the first nurses came to Koprivnica but at the beginning they did not even work with patients. In 1961, the hospital received the first nurses with higher education, Zdenka Kovačić, Marija Stanišić, Krunoslava Ivančić and Ružica Lončarić, who then became the first head nurses. Since 1968, nursing has greatly advanced, especially regarding modern medical treatment, such as intensive care and anesthesia. This requires increased efforts by nurses and a higher degree of responsibility, which is why nurses often work in shifts. A breakthrough in nursing development contributed to the relocation to a new hospital in 1980. New departments are opening, new medical-technical and diagnostic methods are introduced, the standardization of nursing practices is being pursued, and the quality of implementation has been followed, which requires continuous education and training of nurses.
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- 2023
427. Planned release of a palliative patient from the surgical department
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Stipetić, Hrvojka, Džakula, Aleksandar, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, and Petriček, Goranka
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discharge summary ,continuity of care ,palliative patient ,palliative procedure - Abstract
Jedan od indikatora kvalitete je plan otpusta palijativnog pacijenta iz zdravstvene ustanove. Zbog učestalih promjena u društvu i zdravstvenom sustavu sve više se pažnje posvećuje kvalitetnom planu otpusta, naročito palijativnih pacijenata. Pravovremenim prepoznavanjem pacijenta koji ima potrebu za palijativnom skrbi i upisom u registar palijativne skrbi pridajemo važnost kvaliteti života pacijenta. Palijativni timovi u zdravstvenim ustanovama procjenjuju stanje pacijenta i sukladno tome uključuju obitelj u plan otpusta. Otpust se počinje planirati već pri samom prijemu pacijenta u zdravstvenu ustanovu. U kirurgiji palijativni zahvati imaju cilj smanjiti tegobe i patnje pacijenta te su u radu nabrojani palijativni zahvati. Na kirurškim odjelima kod otpusta palijativnog pacijenta veliku važnost pridajemo komunikaciji i edukaciji pacijenta i njegove obitelji / skrbnika. Procjenjuju se potrebe i želje pacijenta u planiranju otpusta. Kod otpusta pacijentu se daje otpusna dokumentacija, koja mora biti kvalitetno, detaljno i cjelovito sastavljena kako bi se nastavio kontinuitet skrbi kakvu je pacijent imao u bolnici. Kvalitetnim planom otpusta poboljšavamo kontinuitet i dostupnost skrbi za pacijenta., One of quality indicators is discharge planing for palliative patients. Significant and frequent changes in society and health systems require better quality of discharge summaries, especially for palliative patients. Recognizing the patient who needs palliative care, and adding them into register, we add value to quality of life for those patients. Palliative teams in health institutions asses condition of patient and include family into discharge plans. Discharge is planned from the moment patient is admitted to a hospital. In surgical specialties, palliative procedures aim to reduce discomfort and suffering of patient, and this paper is describing them. On surgical wards we emphasis importance of communication and education of patient and family involved in care when we plan discharge. We always consider and embrace needs and wishes of our patient. When discharged, patient has his discharge letters which need to be properly written in details and with all explanation needed so level of care remains the same, even not in hospital environment. Proper discharge planing improves continuity and availability of patient nursing care.
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- 2023
428. Improving communication with deaf and deaf-blind patients in the hospital system
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Rajič, Andrijana, Džakula, Aleksandar, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, and Brborović, Ognjen
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Croatian sign language ,education ,communication ,quality ,deaf-blind ,health care ,deaf - Abstract
Kvalitetna zdravstvena zaštita, informiranost i edukacija o zdravlju i kvaliteti života, dio je ostvarenja osnovnih ljudskih potreba i prava, a temeljena je na adekvatnoj komunikaciji. Od najranije dobi, kad se oslanjamo na vlastiti govor te kad se očekuje samostalnost u obavljanju osnovnih aktivnosti, usvajamo obrazac pri rješavanju aktualnih zdravstvenih i drugih poteškoća. Postavljanje točne dijagnoze te put do rješavanja zdravstvenog problema otežan je ukoliko zdravstveni djelatnik od pacijenta ne dobiva potrebne informacije. Ovaj problem umanjuje i povjerenje u odnosu pacijent – zdravstveni djelatnik, a poznato je kako je upravo povjerenje važno u suradnji na projektu zvanom „očuvanje zdravlja“. S problematikom komunikacijske barijere pri ostvarivanju zdravstvene zaštite u Hrvatskoj susreću se i gluhe te gluhoslijepe osobe. Jezik je plod kulture te je tako i kultura gluhih i gluhoslijepih iznjedrila vlastiti – znakovni jezik. Kako ne postoji jedinstven govorni jezik, tako i svaka nacija gluhih ima vlastiti znakovni jezik. Neadekvatna edukacija zdravstvenog osoblja o hrvatskom znakovnom jeziku kao materinjem jeziku gluhih i gluhoslijepih u Republici Hrvatskoj, te o drugim primjerenim načinima komunikacije s osobama oštećenog audio – vizualnog sustava, doprinosi površnoj zdravstvenoj obradi i posljedično socijalnoj izolaciji ove skupine Hrvatskih državljana. Premda prema zakonskoj regulativi (Zakon o zdravstvenoj zaštiti, Zakon o zaštiti prava pacijenata, Konvencija Ujedinjenih naroda o pravima osoba s invaliditetom) gluhi i gluhoslijepi imaju pravo na jednaku kvalitetu zdravstvene skrbi kao i čujuće osobe, praksa pokazuje drugačiju stvarnost. Gluhe i gluhoslijepe osobe ostaju oni o kojima nitko ne brine jer ne zna kako. Ono što čujućoj osobi izgleda kao napredak i olakšanje u tehničkom dijelu bolničkog sustava – obavijesti, edukativni materijali, infrastruktura, osvjetljenje, komunikacijski kanali (Internet, telefon...), gluhoj i gluhoslijepoj osobi može biti problem i uteg. No uz malo dobre volje, truda i zalaganja i ova barijera može biti uklonjena, a kvaliteta života jedne, ne tako male, skupine uvelike unaprijeđena., Quality health care, information and education on health, and quality of life are part of the realization of basic human needs and rights and are altogether based on adequate communication. From an early age, when we rely on our own speech and when we are expected to be independent in performing our basic activities, we adopt a model to deal with various health and other difficulties. Making the right diagnosis and solving a health problem is difficult if the healthcare provider does not receive the necessary information from the patient. This problem also diminishes the trust in the patient - health care professional relationship, and it is well known that mutual trust is important while cooperating on a project called "health preservation". Deaf and deaf-blind people are also faced with the problem of communication barrier in achieving health care in Croatia. Language is the product of culture, and so the culture of the deaf and deaf-blind has introduced its own sign language. As there is no unique spoken language, deaf people of every nation have its own sign language. Inadequate education of health personnel on the subject of the Croatian sign language as the mother tongue of the deaf and deaf - blind in the Republic of Croatia, as well as on other appropriate ways of communication with persons with impaired audio - visual system, contributes to the superficial health treatment and consequently social isolation of this group of Croatian citizens. Although, by law (Health Care Act, Patient Rights Protection Act, United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities), deaf and deaf-blind people are entitled to the same quality of care as hearing persons, the practice shows a different reality. Deaf and deaf-blind people remain those no one cares about because they do not know how. What appears to the hearing person to be progress and relief in the technical part of the hospital system - notifications, educational materials, infrastructure, lighting, communication channels (Internet, telephone ...), to the deaf and deafblind person can be a problem and a barrier. However, with some goodwill, effort and dedication, this barrier can be removed, and the quality of life of one, not so small group, greatly improved.
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- 2023
429. Neonatal abstinence syndrome - the role of the nurse in the care for the newborn and family
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Lukšić, Mateja, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Borovečki, Ana
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addiction in pregnancy ,high risk pregnancy ,neonatal abstinence syndrome - Abstract
Brojni povijesni zapisi i dokazi ukazuju na to da korištenje droga nije fenomen novijeg razdoblja. Razvoj medicine utjecao je na shvaćanje učinaka droge na organizam, definirana je fizička i psihička ovisnost, tolerancija i apstinencijski sindrom. Sukladno sve većim zanimanjem stručnjaka za područje ovisnosti, nude se brojne definicije pojmova ovisnosti i psihoaktivne tvari. Iz ponuđenog je jasno vidljivo kako je u svim definicijama ovisnosti opisana žudnja za konzumacijom psihoaktivne tvari, dok je svim definicijama psihoaktivnih tvari zajednička činjenica kako se radi o tvarima prirodnog ili sintetiziranog porijekla, s moći izazivanja promjena psihičkog i/ili fizičkog stanja. Osim što se psihoaktivne tvari mogu podijeliti na prirodne i kemijski stvorene (podjela prema porijeklu), postoji podjela prema načinu djelovanja na središnji živčani sustav, pa se dijele na psihodepresorne, psihostimulativne i halucinogene droge. Konzumacijom psihoaktivnih sredstava, neovisno o tome kojoj skupini pripadaju, javljaju se mnogi štetni učinci i posljedice. Oni prvenstveno uzrokuju zdravstvene probleme, no uz njih se javljaju i društveni te socioekonomski problemi. Rastom incidencije o zlouporabi droga, raste i mogućnost sve većeg broja trudnoća koje su ugrožene zbog prenatalnog djelovanja teratogenog agensa na nerođeno dijete. Pri konzumaciji sredstvo prolazi kroz placentu, ulazi u djetetov krvotok i uzrokuje razne probleme. Neonatalni apstinencijski sindrom klinička je dijagnoza koja se javlja kod novorođenčadi majki ovisnica, a javljaju se simptomi gastrointestinalnog, respiratornog i središnjeg živčanog sustava, te poremećaji vazomotorike i promjene na koži, najčešće u prvih 48 sati života. Manifestacija simptoma ovisi o koncentraciji opijata u majčinu krvotoku. U skrbi za dijete sudjeluju specijalisti nekoliko područja, a sve u svrhu rješavanja kompleksnih specifičnih problema i osiguranja adekvatne skrbi za dijete. U tretmanu se roditelje nastoji uključiti u što više aktivnosti, s obzirom na to da se i samim kontaktom i prisutnošću mogu ublažiti simptomi neonatalnog apstinencijskog sindroma. Medicinske sestre moraju vladati širokim stručnim znanjem, vještinama, komunikacijom, a profesionalnim odnosom i iskazivanjem empatije, postiže se bolja suradnja roditelja, što uvelike pridonosi bržem oporavku., Numerous historical records and evidence suggest that drug use is not a phenomenon solely of recent times. The development of medicine influenced the understanding of the effects of drugs on the body, the physical and psychological dependence was defined, alongside the concepts of tolerance and the withdrawal syndrome. The growing interest of experts in the field of addiction is followed with an inflow of new proposals of numerous definitions for both addiction and psychoactive substances. From the current state, it is clear that in all definitions present, addiction is described as a craving for consumption of psychoactive substances, while all the definitions of psychoactive substances understand ingredients of natural or synthetic origin, with the ability to cause changes in mental and/or physical condition. In addition to the division of psychoactive substances to natural and chemically created (classification by origin), there is a classification according to the effect of the substances on the central nervous system, which goes as follows: psychodepressors, psychostimulants and hallucinogens. Consumption of psychoactive substances, regardless of which group they belong to, is a direct cause to various side effects. Primarily, they cause health problems, but these are often followed with social and socio-economic problems. Growing incidence of drug abuse increases the possibility of highly volatile pregnancies due to the prenatal effects of teratogenic agents on the unborn child. When using, the substance passes through the placenta, into the child’s blood stream causing various problems. A neonatal abstinence syndrome is a clinical diagnosis in infants of addicted mothers, and is manifested as the underdevelopment of gastrointestinal, respiratory and central nervous system, as well as the vasomotoric disorders and changes on the skin, usually in the first 48 hours of life. The manifestation of symptoms depends on the concentration of opiates in the mother's bloodstream. In child care, the specialists involved come from a wide range of areas, all with the combined aim to solve complex problems and ensure adequate care for the child. The treatment aims to involve parents in as many activities under the mentioned care due to the possible positive effects of contact and presence of a parent on the child suffering from the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Nurses must possess a wide set of skills, high expertise and professional attitude and through empathy they can achieve cooperation and a better understanding with parents, which can directly aid the process of recovery.
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- 2023
430. Detektovanje manipulacije u video snimcima stvorenih 'deepfake' tehnikom sistemom učenja prostorno vremenskih karakteristika
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Marković, Dušan, Šarac, Marko, Spalević, Petar, and Bačanin-Džakula, Nebojša
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Računarske nauke - Abstract
U ovoj disertaciji analizirali smo i radili komparaciju metoda za preciznije i tačnije detektovanje manipulisanih video materijala uz pomoć Deepfake tehnike. Istraživanje je započeto analizom prethodnih modela predviđenih za detekciju manipulacije video materijala kroz Deepfake tehniku. Analizirani su prethodno obučeni modli i njihovi parametri. Analizirani prethodno obučeni modeli su XceptionNet, EfficientNetB i EfficientNetV. Parametri ovih modela koji su menjani u procesu preobučavanja su konfiguracija mreže SingleDLCNN, broj fold-ova kao i vrednost za Hold-out tehniku. Korišćen je DataSet sa preko 6000 datoteka od kojih je većina datoteka korišćena za treniranje neuronske mreže a ostale datoteke su korišćene za testiranje i validaciju. Za izdvajanje najboljih rezultata korišćen je CV (Cross-Validation), a tačnost istih je uvećana tehnikom težinskog usrednjavanja tj. optimizacijom težine. Prikazani su rezultati za sva tri obučena modela, a najbolji rezultat je ostvaren uz pomoć EfficientNetbB4. 96.8% (FAR = 5.97%). Smatramo da je postignutim rezultatom dokazan kvalitet metode učenja. Za budući rad planiramo unapređenje modela i eventualnu komercijalizaciju.
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- 2022
431. Satisfaction of operating room nurses and technicians with the organization of work in the operating room
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Rasamizafi, Alina, Mastilica, Miroslav, Borovečki, Ana, and Džakula, Aleksandar
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workplace satisfaction ,theatre nurses ,operating theatre - Abstract
CILJ: ovog rada je istražiti čimbenike koje utječu na zadovoljstvo ili ne zadovoljstvo s radnim mjestom operacijskih medicinskih sestara i tehničara u operacijskoj sali, kvalitetu komunikacije između zaposlenika u operacijskoj sali. Ispitani su faktori zadovoljstva koji utječu na percepciju zadovoljstva radnim mjestom operacijske sestre i tehničara. Važno je istaknuti prilike za dodatnu edukaciju potrebne na radnom mjestu operacijske sestre i tehničara. Dinamični opis posla zahtjeva od medicinskog osoblja kontinuiranu nadogradnju znanja da bi u stresnim situacijama koji zahtijevaju spretnost i snalažljivost, mogli pravodobno i medicinski opravdano djelovati. METODE I ISPITANICI: ovo presječno istraživanje je trajalo od 01/2021 do 05/2021. U istraživanje je uključeno ukupno 165 operacijskih medicinskih sestara/ tehničara Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb, Kliničkog bolničkog centra Sestre milosrdnice i Kliničke bolnice Dubrava. Ispitanicima ponuđeno na izbor način ispunjavanja anketnog upitnika elektronskim i fizičkim putem. REZULTATI: response rate je bio 82,5%. Istraživanjem smo djelomično potvrdili kako pojedini faktori utječu na zadovoljstvo operacijskih sestara i tehničara na radnom mjestu u operacijskoj sali., GOAL: The goal of this article is to explore factors that influence job satisfaction or dissatisfaction of theatre nursing staff and quality of communication between employees working in theatres. We questioned factors that influence perception of job contentment of theatre nursing staff. It is important to highlight opportunities for additional education needed for the job itself. Dynamic work environment demands handyness, resourcefulness and continuous improvement of knowledge for adequate and timely reaction in a theatre environment. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: this cross-sectional research lasted from 01/2021 to 05/2021. Total of 165 theatre nurses/technicians from University Hospital Zagreb, University hospital Sisters of Mercy and Clinical hospital Dubrava were included in this research. Examinees were offered to complete the questionnaire in physical or electronic form. RESULTS: Response rate was 82.5%. This research partially confirms that certain factors influence workplace satisfaction of nurses working in operating theatre.
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- 2022
432. Sestrinska skrb u zaštiti i unaprijeđenju mentalnog zdravlja
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Grgurić, Katarina, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Borovečki, Ana
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nurse ,promotion ,protection ,mental health - Abstract
Sestrinstvo se kroz povijesna razdoblja neprestano razvijalo i nadograđivalo. Danas je medicinska sestra samostalni zdravstveni djelatnik, čija je osnovna djelatnost zdravstvena njega. Sestrinska skrb odnosno sestrinska njega predstavlja zdravstvenu njegu koja je sastavni dio zdravstvene zaštite. Organizacija sestrinske skrbi je koordinirana aktivnost pružanja najkvalitetnije zdravstvene njege bolesnom ili zdravom pojedincu. Ona obuhvaća medicinske sestre svih obrazovnih razina, drugo zdravstveno i nezdravstveno osoblje u zdravstvenim ustanovama i izvan njih. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji 1 od 4 osobe u svijetu javit će se mentalni poremećaji. Svaka osoba treba voditi brigu o mentalnom zdravlju obzirom da su psihičke bolesti i poremećaji zastupljeni u društvu. Kao takve uzrokuju veliku patnju osobama koje se bore s takvom dijagnozom kao i njihovim obiteljima i prijateljima. Psihijatrijsko sestrinstvo 21. stoljeća usmjereno je prema zajednici te je potrebno planirati i razvijati programe izvanbolničke rehabilitacije za osobe u potrebi. Nužno je povećati znanje populacije o važnim pitanjima vezanim uz mentalno zdravlje, odnosno poboljšati zdravstvenu pismenost. Mentalno zdravlje je preduvjet razvoja društva, stoga se suvremene strategije za zaštitu i unaprjeđenje zdravlja sve više usmjeravaju prevenciji i rehabilitaciji, multidisciplinarnoj i međusektorskoj suradnji, individualiziranom pristupu prema bolesniku te brizi za oboljele u zajednici i njihovom uključivanju u društveni život. U Republici Hrvatskoj se zaštita mentalnog zdravlja najčešće odvija lokalno i to kroz aktivnosti i programe institucija sustava; zdravstvo, socijalna skrb, prosvjeta, kao i kroz rad neprofitnih organizacija i svjetski priznatih projekta. Psihološka uloga svake medicinske sestre je predvidjeti i zadovoljiti emocionalne potrebe, ostvariti odnos prožet povjerenjem, komunicirati i ohrabrivati samostalnost i samopouzdanje. Ključni element u pristupu bolesniku je psihosocijalna podrška koja uključuje kulturološko senzibilizirano pružanje psihološke, socijalne i duhovne skrbi. Stigmatiziranje osoba oboljelih od psihičkog poremećaja temelji se na negativnim stavovima koje nazivamo predrasude., Nursing has been constantly evolving and upgrading throughout historical periods. Today, the nurse is an independent health professional, whose main activity is health care. Nursing care or nursing care is health care that is an integral part of health care. The organization of nursing care is a coordinated activity of providing the highest quality health care to a sick or healthy individual. It includes nurses of all educational levels, other medical and non-medical staff inside and outside healthcare facilities. According to the World Health Organization, 1 in 4 people in the world will develop mental disorders. Every person should take care of mental health since mental illnesses and disorders are present in society. As such, they cause great suffering to people struggling with such a diagnosis as well as their families and friends. 21st Century Psychiatric Nursing is community-oriented and needs to plan and develop outpatient rehabilitation programs for people in need. It is necessary to increase the knowledge of the population on important issues related to mental health, ie to improve health literacy. Mental health is a prerequisite for the development of society, so modern strategies for health protection and improvement are increasingly focused on prevention and rehabilitation, multidisciplinary and intersectoral cooperation, individualized approach to the patient and care for the sick in the community and their inclusion in society. In the Republic of Croatia, mental health care is most often carried out locally through the activities and programs of the institutions of the system; health, social care, education, as well as through the work of non-profit organizations and world-renowned projects. The psychological role of every nurse is to anticipate and satisfy emotional needs, to achieve a relationship imbued with trust, to communicate and encourage independence and self-confidence. A key element in the approach to the patient is psychosocial support, which includes culturally sensitized provision of psychological, social and spiritual care. Stigmatizing people with a mental disorder is based on negative attitudes that we call prejudice.
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- 2022
433. Psychological support to patient and family with confrontation with malignant disease
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Šušnjara, Monika, Vukušić Rukavina, Tea, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Begić, Dražen
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oncology ,depression ,psycho-oncology ,malignant disease ,anxiety ,maligna bolest, psihoonkologija, onkologija, depresija, anksioznost - Abstract
Maligne bolesti predstavljaju veliki javnozdravstveni problem u cijelom svijetu, a prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji maligne bolesti su trenutno nakon kardiovaskularnih bolesti vodeći uzrok smrti. Dijagnostika i liječenje malignih bolesti izaziva emocionalne traume i tjelesne simptome, a rezultat su same dijagnoze koja iziskuje doživotno liječenje agresivnim medicinskim tretmanima te promjene u dosadašnjem načinu života. Maligna bolest je sama po sebi ugrožavajuća za život i izaziva veliku količinu stresa. Psihijatrijske bolesti poput depresije i anksioznosti česta su, ali često i zanemarena, komorbiditetna stanja s malignom bolešću, koja utječe na kvalitetu života, pridržavanje liječenja, preživljavanje raka i troškove liječenja. Liječenje karcinoma može biti nedovoljno prepoznatljiv, ali reverzibilan uzrok teške, a ponekad i brze pojave psihičkih smetnji. Maligna bolest u poodmakloj fazi je neizlječiva, uzrokuje nesigurnost, patnju, egzistencijalni strah, teškoće u donošenju odluka i loše tjelesno funkcioniranje. Liječi se kao kronična bolest koja zahtjeva palijativnu skrb i iznimnu podršku i sudjelovanje prijatelja i obitelji u procesu liječenja. Psihoonkološke osnove predstavljaju niz reakcija, postupaka, razmjena i susreta koje se tiču odnosa pacijenta i okoline i podnošenja vlastite bolesti. Uključuju odnos između pacijenta i obitelji kao i međusobnu komunikaciju pacijenta i medicinskog osoblja koje prati bolesnika u dijagnostičkom i terapijskom postupku. Psihološka pomoć poprima veliku važnost u onkološkom liječenju, od procesa priopćavanja dijagnoze pa sve do terminalne faze bolesti. Osposobljavanje i usmjeravanje profesionalnog osoblja, uključujući medicinske sestre, socijalne radnike, psihijatre, psihologe i svećenike osigurava pružanje usluge psihosocijalne skrbi oboljelima različitih teorijskih usmjerenja, sadržaja intervencija i dostupnih resursa. Pružanje zdravstvene skrbi medicinskih sestara u onkologiji obuhvaća sve postupke liječenja, uključujući dijagnozu, moguće recidive, razdoblje palijativne skrbi te mirne i dostojanstvene smrti u terminalnoj fazi bolesti. Prvenstveno je potrebno poznavati bolesti, manifestaciju bolesti, način obavljanja i provođenje zdravstvene njege. Veliki izazovi s kojima se medicinske sestre susreću uvelike se odnose na komunikaciju i socijalne vještine te na empatiju i empatični pristup liječenja. Oboljeli od raka sa sigurnošću spadaju u najugroženije osobe kako u tjelesnom tako i psihološkom smislu. Zato je od velike važnosti pružanje psihološke pomoći od samog početka i susreta s dijagnozom ove bolesti., Malignant diseases is a major public health problem worldwide, and according to the World Health Organization, malignant diseases are currently the leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosis and treatment of malignant diseases causes emotional trauma and physical symptoms, and are the result of the diagnosis itself, which requires lifelong treatment with aggressive medical treatments and changes in the current way of life. Malignant disease is in itself life-threatening and causes a large amount of stress. Psychiatric illnesses such as depression and anxiety are common, but often overlooked complications of cancer, which affect quality of life, adherence to treatment, cancer survival and treatment costs. Cancer treatment can be an insufficiently recognizable but reversible cause of severe and sometimes rapid onset of mental illness. Advanced malignancy is incurable and causes insecurity, suffering, existential fear, difficulty making decisions and poor physical functioning. It is treated as a chronic disease requiring palliative care and exceptional support and participation of friends and family in the treatment process. Psycho-oncological foundations represent a series of reactions, procedures, exchanges and encounters concerning the relationship between the patient and the environment and the endurance of one's own illness. They include the relationship between the patient and the family as well as the mutual communication of the patient and the medical staff accompanying the patient in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Psychological help is gaining great importance in oncology treatment, from the process of communicating the diagnosis all the way to the terminal phase of the disease. Training and guidance of professional staff, including nurses, social workers, psychiatrists, psychologists and priests ensures the provision of psychosocial care services to patients of various theoretical orientations, theoretical orientations and available resources. The providing of health care of nurses in oncology encompasses all treatment procedures including diagnosis, possible relapses, a period of palliative care and a peaceful and dignified death in the terminal phase of the disease. It is primarily necessary to know the disease, manifestation of the disease, the manner of performing and conducting health care. The major challenges, that nurses face, are largely related to communication and social skills, as well as empathy and an empathetic approach to treatment. Cancer sufferers are certainly among the most vulnerable people, both physically and psychologically. That is why it is very important to provide psychological help from the very beginning and the encounter with the diagnosis of this disease.
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- 2022
434. Development of adaptive chatbot based on artificial intelligence
- Author
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Kabiljo, Miloš, Živković, Miodrag, and 1. Bačanin-Džakula 2. Nikolić, 1. Nebojša 2. Boško
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Elektrotehnika i računarstvo ,četbot, četbot arhitektura, razvoj četbota, NLU, platforma za razmenu poruka, metamodeli, modelovanje konteksta - Abstract
Nakon blagog pada pojedinih društvenih mreža istraživanja ukazuju da su krajnji korisnici najveću količinu svoje pažnje usmerili na komunikacione platforme (Viber, Whatsapp, FB messenger, Instagram, itd). Pojam digitalna transformacija zajedno sa veštačkom inteligencijom, predstavlja ogroman iskorak u pravcu unapređenja poslovanja kompanija iz različitih industrija. U borbi protiv KOVID-19, a u cilju razvoja inovativnih rešenja koja obezbeđuju dodatnu vrednost, u digitalni svet je lansiran četbot. On predstavlja program koji imitira ljudski razgovor i pomaže korisniku da dobije prave informacije i pruži svakodnevne usluge. U poslednjoj deceniji, ogromno unapređenje komunikacionih platformi i mrežnih tehnologija pružile su nove tehničke mogućnosti za usvajanje četbota u različitim sektorima, kao što su: e-trgovina, korisnička podrška, marketing i obrazovanje. Četbot predstavlja softver koji simulira konverzaciju koristeći veštačku inteligenciju i učestvuje u dijalogu sa čovekom koristeći prirodni jezik i pri tome razume tekstualne i glasovne poruke. Četbot koristi veštačku inteligenciju u cilju pronalaženja odgovora i rešavanja korisničkih zahteva. U koraku sa novim trendovima u radu je definisan metodološki okvir za razvoj savremene arhitekture četbota zasnovanog na veštačkoj inteligenciji za sledeću generaciju Internet zajednice. U skladu sa tim najveći problem razvoja adaptivne platforme je rešavanje problema fleksibilnosti integrisanja, odnosno definisanje mehanizma nezavisnosti četbota od samo jednog servisa za razumevanje prirodnog jezika (engl. Natural Language Understanding - NLU) čime bi se obezbedila adekvatna adaptivnost. Predložena metodologija daje opšti postupak i rezultat je kombinacije različitih metodoloških pristupa. Prateći metodologiju, razvoj adaptivnog četbota zasnovan na NLU se sastoji iz dve faze: projektni i aplikacioni inženjering. Svaka od ovih faza je zatim podeljena na aktivnosti koje treba da urade u okviru faza. Prednost ove podele je realizacija prilagodljive platforme za generisanje četbotova. Napredna arhitektura četbota koja podržava metodologiju je lako proširljiva, skalabilna i podržava različite servise za razumevanje prirodnog jezika i komunikacione platforme za razmenu poruka. Teza opisuje logičku i fizičku arhitekturu četbota. Kroz odgovarajuće metamodele i njihova mapiranje obezbeđena je nezavisnot NLU servisa. Kroz predloženi pristup daje se sopstveni nezavisni okvir za razvoj četbota čiji je cilj smanjenje zavisnosti od proizvođača koji se bave servisima za razumevanje prirodnog jezika i kanalima komunikacija. Na ovaj način se stiče nezavisnost od bilo kog servisa za razumevanje prirodnog jezika, čime se rešenje neće vezati za jedan servis već će se predloženim mehanizmom obezbediti lako mapiranje i prebacivanje sa jednog na drugi novi i/ili stari servis. Konačno, jedna implementacija predložene arhitekture četbota je ukratko prikazana kroz studiju slučaja. Akademska Digitalna Asistentkinja (ADA) je prva implementacija četbota u prosveti na Balkanu koja kroz prirodnu komunikaciju pruža efikasniju realizaciju usluga i uštedu vremena. ADA prima poruke sa različitih komunikacionih platformi za razmenu poruka (Viber, FB mesindžer, Instagram i vebčet preko sajta BAPUSS). Četbot platform obavlja veliki broj važnih zadataka pre nego što pošalje poruku NLU. NLU zatim analizira tekst i na osnovu tehnika mašinskog učenja upoređuje, a zatim generiše nameru i njene entitete. Generisani rezultat se šalje nazad u četbot platformu, koja određenim algoritmom koristi nameru, entitete, kontekst i šalje odgovor korisniku u odgovarajućem formatu za prikazivanje poruke. ADA je dostupna 24 sata i daje odgovare na česta pitanja studenata i budućih studenata. ADA zna nešto više od 250 scenarija u vezi sa pitanjima na koje studenti i ostali korisnici žele da dobiju odgovor ili da izvrše odgovarajuću uslugu. Neki od scenarija su: prijava ispita, promena ispitivača, overa semestra, informacije o konsultacijama nastavnika, rokovima, rangiranju akademije, rasporedu predavanja, rejtingu studenata, događajima, dostupnosti usluga, akademskom okruženju, datumu predavanja i ispita, aktivnostima koje se dešavaju unutar akademije i druge korisne akademske informacije.
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- 2022
435. Nova metoda za klasterovanje ljudskih aktivnosti bazirana na grafovima
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Budimirović, Nebojša, Bačanin-Džakula, Nebojša, Živković, Miodrag, and Nikolić, Boško
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Računarske nauke - Published
- 2022
436. Profesionalni i etički stavovi zdravstvenih djelatnika o liječenju bolesnika na kraju života u jedinicama intenzivne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj
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Špoljar, Diana, Borovečki, Ana, Tonković, Dinko, Radonić, Radovan, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Jokić-Begić, Nataša
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Death ,Intensive Care Units ,Critical Care ,Resuscitation ,zdravstveni djelatnici ,stavovi ,kraj života ,jedinice intentzivne skrbi ,etika - Abstract
Unatoč suvremenim metodama liječenja, oko petine bolesnika primljenih u jedinice intenzivne medicine umire. U određenom trenutku liječenja dolazi do stavljanja fokusa na osiguravanje dostojanstvenog i bezbolnog procesa umiranja. U južnoj Europi prevladava paternalistički odnos između liječnika i bolesnika, međutim praksa zadržavanja od uvođenja i ukidanja terapijskih postupaka proširena je po cijeloj Europi. Dosad u Republici Hrvatskoj nije provedeno opsežno, nacionalno istraživanje niti jednog aspekta liječenja bolesnika na kraju života u jedinicama intenzivne medicine. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi profesionalne i etičke stavove i dosadašnja iskustva zdravstvenih djelatnika zaposlenih u jedinicama intenzivne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj o liječenju bolesnika na kraju života. Istraživanje je provedeno u 18 jedinica intenzivne medicine u 9 različitih bolnica putem anonimnog upitnika koji je uspješno prilagođen i standardiziran za hrvatsku populaciju. Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoje razlike u profesionalnim i etičkim stavovima i iskustvima zdravstvenih djelatnika zaposlenih u različitim tipovima jedinica intenzivne medicine. U neurološkim jedinicama intenzivne medicine češće dolazi do ukidanja 'spornih' terapijskih postupaka, te su medicinske sestre češće uključene u donošenje odluka nego u ostalim tipovima jedinica intenzivne medicine. Iako većina ispitanika smatra da su ne-oživljavanje metodama kardiopulmonalne reanimacije, zadržavanje od uvođenja i ukidanje terapijskih postupaka kod bolesnika na kraju života etički prihvatljive odluke, zadržavanje od uvođenja i ukidanje terapijskih postupaka nisu uobičajena praksa u jedinicama intenzivne medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj. Odluke o ograničavanju terapijskih postupaka donose liječnici na konziliju, a medicinske sestre su često izuzete. Liječnici imaju liberalniji stav o ograničavanju terapijskih postupaka i skloniji su poštivanju želja bolesnika u odnosu na medicinske sestre. Sukladno rezultatima dosadašnjih istraživanja u drugim zemljama južne Europe, u Republici Hrvatskoj također prevladava konzervativni i paternalistički pristup liječenju bolesnika na kraju života., Despite the modern treatment options, about one fifth of patients admitted to intensive care unts die. At a certain point, the focus is shifted towards ensuring a dignified and peaceful death. The aim of this research was to explore professional and ethical attitudes and experiences of medical professionals working in intensive care units in the Republic of Croatia regarding the treatment of end-of-life patients. The research was conducted in 18 different intensive care units in 9 hospitals using a standardized questionnaire. The most important findings point to a difference od attitudes and experiences in different types of intensive care units. Even though most of the participants find 'do-not-attempt-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation' orders ethically acceptable, such orders are rarely made in everyday practice. Decisions on limiting life sustaining treatments are made by physicians, and nurses are mostly excluded. This research points to a conservative and paternalistic approach towards treatment of end-of-life patients in the Republic of Croatia, which is in accordance with previous research conducted in southern European countries.
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- 2022
437. Odrednice procesa integracije dugotrajne skrbi u Republici Hrvatskoj na modelu palijativne skrbi
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Vočanec, Dorja, Džakula, Aleksandar, Sović, Slavica, Vukušić Rukavina, Tea, Petriček, Goranka, and Zrinščak, Siniša
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palliative care ,integrirana skrb, dugotrajna skrb, palijativna skrb ,long-term care ,integrated care - Abstract
Medicinsko-tehnološki napredak postavio je nove izazove pred zdravstvene sustave. U dugotrajnoj skrbi za osobe koje boluju od kroničnih bolesti važno je odgovoriti na fragmentirano pružanje skrbi, koje vodi do lošijih zdravstvenih ishoda i povećanja troškova. Integrirana skrb kao set mjera i modela u organizaciji, pružanju skrbi, kliničkom radu, administraciji, koji za cilj imaju poboljšati kvalitetu skrbi i života, povećati zadovoljstvo pacijenata i efikasnost zdravstvenog sustava odgovor je na fragmentaciju. Ovaj doktorski rad istraživao je odrednice procesa integracije dugotrajne skrbi u Hrvatskoj na modelu palijativne skrbi. Istraživanje se sastojalo od dvije faze. U prvoj fazi istraživanja provedena je analiza dokumenata koji se odnose na organizaciju i provedbu palijativne skrbi u Republici Hrvatskoj. U drugoj fazi istraživanja provedena su kvalitativna istraživanje metodom fokus grupa s koordinatorima palijativne skrbi te s volonterima u palijativnoj skrbi. Rezultati pokazuju da se palijativna skrb u Republici Hrvatskoj kontinuirano razvija od 2014. godine na principima integrirane skrbi. Međutim, iz samih pokazatelja strukture i organizacije ne može se zaključivati o provedbi palijativne skrbi. Tematskom analizom razgovora iz fokus grupa, utvrđene su mogućnosti i ograničenja u provedbi palijativne skrbi i postizanju integracije skrbi, odnosno pokazatelji koji se odnose na proces skrbi te daju cjelovitu sliku stanja i dinamike intervencija., In the long-term care it is important to overcome fragmented delivery of care, which leads to poorer health outcomes and increased costs. Integrated care seems to be the answer to fragmentation. This doctoral thesis investigated the determinants of the long-term care integration process in the Republic of Croatia based on the palliative care model. The research consisted of two phases. In the first phase of the research, an analysis of documents related to the organization and implementation of palliative care in the Republic of Croatia was carried out. In the second phase of the research, qualitative research was conducted using the focus group method with palliative care coordinators and palliative care volunteers. The results show that palliative care in the Republic of Croatia has been continuously developing since 2014 based on the principles of integrated care. However, the provision of palliative care cannot be concluded from indicators of structure and organization alone. By performing thematic analysis of focus group discussions, the possibilities and limitations in the provision of palliative care and the achievement of integration of care were determined, i.e. indicators related to the care process that provide a comprehensive picture of the situation and dynamics of interventions.
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- 2022
438. Nursing care needs assessment at palliative care department
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Trubelja, Martin, Džakula, Aleksandar, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, and Majer, Marjeta
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palliative care ,shift work ,number of staff ,categorization ,quality of work - Abstract
Dosadašnje određivanje i raspodjela medicinskih sestara oslanjala se na fiksne omjere osoblja i pacijenata. Sistem kategorizacije bolesnika omogućuje da utvrdimo stvarnu potrebu svakog pojedinog pacijenta za zdravstvenom njegom, da tu potrebu kvantificiramo i pretvorimo u vrijeme koje je utrošeno u zbrinjavanje pacijenta te prema izračunu odredimo točan broj medicinskih sestara na svakom odjelu. U Republici Hrvatskoj sistem kategorizacija bolesnika je standardiziran i on se temelji na definiciji zdravstvene njege Virginije Henderson. Hrvatska komora medicinskih sestara je 2006. godine izradila dokument pod nazivom “Razvrstavanje pacijenata u kategorije ovisno o potrebama za zdravstvenom njegom” koji je dio Sestrinske liste reguliran već spomenutim Zakonom o sestrinstvu. Djelatnici zdravstvene struke imaju visoki stupanj odgovornost prema ljudskom životu i zdravlju. Prema podacima uzetih na palijativnom odjelu iz OB Varaždin- Služba za produženo liječenje i palijativnu skrb Novi Marof, rad je u smjenama (tri puta po osam sati). Suočeni sa činjenicom da na odjelu Palijativne skrbi u Novom Marofu nedostaje adekvatan broj medicinskih sestara prema standardizaciji što bitno utječe na psihofizičke sposobnosti samih djelatnika i organizacije uopće. Broj kreveta na odjelima palijative koji pružaju palijativnu skrb je kapaciteta od 89 kreveta od čega oko više od 80% bolesnika je sa trećim i četvrtim stupnjem kategorizacije. Medicinske sestre učestalo navode nedostatak osoblja za svaku od intervencija tijekom smjena. Uz to, spominju da su limitirani vremenom i pod psihičkim, odnosno fizičkim pritiskom što im još dodatno otežava rad. Takav način rada utječe na lošu kvalitetu pružane usluge i potiče opasnost za boravak pacijenata tijekom hospitalizacije. S druge strane, bolnica kao institucija, ne poduzima dodatne mjere da pruža podršku ukoliko netko od medicinskih sestara/tehničara koristi godišnji odmor ili bolovanje. Također, podrška uopće nije vidljiva s brojem zaposlenih na broj pacijenta koje ima u svojoj skrbi., To date, the appointment and distribution of nurses has relied on fixed staff-to-patient ratios. The patient categorization system allows us to determine the actual need of each individual patient for health care, to quantify and convert this need in the time spent in patient care and to determine the exact number of nurses in each ward. In the Republic of Croatia, the system of patient categorization is standardized and it is based on the definition of Virginia Henderson's health care. In 2006, the Croatian Nursing Council drafted a document entitled Classifying Patients into Categories Depending on the Needs for Health Care, which is part of the Nursing List regulated by the already mentioned Nursing Act. Healthcare professionals have a high degree of responsibility towards human life and health. According to the data taken at the palliative department from General Hospital Varaždin - Service for extended treatment and palliative care Novi Marof, work in shifts (three times for eight hours). Faced with the fact that the Palliative Care Department in Novi Marof lacks an adequate number of nurses according to standardization, which significantly affects the psychophysical abilities of employees and organizations in general. The number of beds in palliative care units providing palliative care is a capacity of 89 beds, of which about 80% of patients are in the third and fourth degree of categorization. Nurses often report a shortage of staff for each of the interventions during the shift. In addition, mentioning that they are limited in time and under mental or physical pressure, which makes their work even more difficult. This way of working affects the poor quality of service delivery and encourages the danger for patients to stay during hospitalization. On the other hand, the hospital as an institution does not take additional support measures if one of the nurses/technicians uses GO or sick leave. Also, support is not visible at all with the number of employees on the number of patients who have their own care.
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- 2021
439. Oral health as an important factor in the quality of life of the elderly
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Keleminec, Maja, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Borovečki, Ana
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quality of life ,oral health ,third age - Abstract
Oralno zdravlje kao sastavni dio općeg zdravlja, posljedično i bitan čimbenik kvalitete života još uvijek nije dovoljno osviješten kao razlog za provođenjem pravilne oralne higijene, posljedicama štetnosti alkohola i pušenja, stomatološko-protetskog zbrinjavanja od najranije dobi do starosti, kako bi se zdravlje usne šupljine zadržalo do duboke starosti. Nažalost, u svakodnevnom životu, naročito u radu susrećemo osobe koje ne vode dostatnu brigu o svom oralnom zdravlju. Neadekvatna oralna higijena i nebriga o oralnom zdravlju doprinosi nastanku oralnih infekcija koje mogu izazvati: cerebrovaskularne bolesti, kardiovaskularne bolesti, pneumonije, dijabetes, razne sistemske infekcije i mnoge druge bolesti, a kod mlađe populacije i prerane porode i nisku porođajnu težinu novorođenčeta. Svrha ovog rada je prikaz navedene problematike kako bi se ukazalo na nužnost prevencije i edukacije osoba s osobitim naglaskom na nužnost pravilnog provođenja oralne higijene i sprječavanja nastanka karijesa, oralnih bolesti i ostalih sistemnih bolesti koje mogu narušiti oralno i opće zdravlje i kvalitetu života, naročito kod osoba treće životne dobi. Kako sam proces starenja dovodi do promjena na fizičkom, psihičkom i socijalnom području života tako sve promjene utječu na sposobnosti starijih osoba u zadovoljavanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti i osnovnih životnih potreba. Starenje kao individualan proces odvija se različitom dinamikom. Kod starijih osoba osobito se uočava u fizičkom izgledu, kognitivnom funkcioniranju i ponašanju. Iz tog razloga potrebno je procijeniti osobno zadovoljstvo pojedinca i mogućnosti koje se odražavaju na kvalitetu života koju svaka osoba, naročito starije životne dobi subjektivno doživljava. Očekivano zbog fiziološkog starenja, gubitka funkcionalne sposobnosti i motoričkih vještina osobe treće životne dobi često trebaju podršku okoline i dostupnost zdravstvene (dentalne) zaštite. Ukoliko je bilo koji čimbenik nedostatan posljedično dolazi do narušene kvalitete života., Oral health as an integral part of general health, and consequently an important factor in quality of life, is still not sufficiently aware of the reasons for proper oral hygiene, the consequences of alcohol and smoking, dental prosthetic care from the earliest age to old age, to maintain oral health to old age. Unfortunately, in everyday life, especially at work, we meet people who do not take sufficient care of their oral health. Inadequate oral hygiene and neglect of oral health contribute to the development of oral infections that can cause: cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, pneumonia, diabetes, various systemic infections and many other diseases, and in the younger population and premature births and low birth weight. The purpose of this paper is to present the above issues in order to point out the need for prevention and education of persons with special emphasis on the need for proper oral hygiene and prevention of caries, oral diseases and other systemic diseases that can impair oral and general health and quality of life, especially a person of the third age. As the aging process itself leads to changes in the physical, mental and social areas of life, all changes affect the ability of older people to meet daily activities and basic life needs. Aging as an individual process takes place at different dynamics. In the elderly, it is particularly noticeable in physical appearance, cognitive functioning, and behavior. For this reason, it is necessary to assess the personal satisfaction of the individual and the opportunities that are reflected in the quality of life that each person, especially the elderly, subjectively experiences. As expected, due to physiological aging, loss of functional ability and motor skills, the elderly often need the support of the environment and the availability of health (dental) care. If any factor is insufficient, the quality of life is impaired as a result.
- Published
- 2021
440. The role of the nurse in preparing children for surgery
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Bačurin, Marta, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Borovečki, Ana
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surgery ,nurse ,guidelines ,nursing care ,preoperative preparation - Abstract
Jednodnevna kirurgija je način rada koji u jednom danu obuhvaća operativni zahvat, postoperativnu skrb i otpust kući. U suvremenim zemljama jednodnevna kirurgija prepoznata je zbog funkcionalnosti, smanjenju troškova i opterećenja zdravstvenog sustava. Početak rada jednodnevne kirurgije temelji se na Hrvatskim smjernicama za jednodnevnu kirurgiju. Medicinska sestra edukacijom načela rada u jednodnevnoj kirurgiji usavršava svoj pristup bolesniku i uz rad i edukaciju pomoću smjernica zadovoljava kriterije jednodnevne kirurgije. Kvalitetnom preoperativnom pripremom djeteta i njegovih roditelja/ zakonskih skrbnika, obavlja se selekcija koja je ključna u osiguranju kakvoće sestrinske skrbi i samog liječenja. Komunikacija u jednodnevnoj kirurgiji je izazov za medicinsku sestru i dio je njezine radne svakodnevice. Boravak djeteta i njegovog roditelja/ zakonskog skrbnika na odjelu jednodnevne dječje kirurgije mora biti planiran, siguran i ugodan. Sestrinska skrb uz edukaciju i kvalitetno prikupljanje podataka za unapređenje nužni su preduvjeti za daljnji razvoj jednodnevne dječje kirurgije u Hrvatskoj., Day- to day surgery is a one- day operation that includes surgery, postoperative care and home discharge. In modern countries, one- day surgery is recognized for its functionality, cost reduction, and health system burden. Getting started with one- day surgery is based on the Croatian One- Day Surgery Guidelines. By educating the principles of working in one- day surgery, the nurses refines her approach to the patient, and with the work and education, using the guidelines, meets the criteria of one- day surgery. With quality preoperative preparation of the children and his/ her parents/ legal guardians, the selection is crucial, which ensures the quality of nursing care and treatment itself. Communication in one- day surgery is a challenge for the nurse and is part of her daily routine. The stay of the child and his parent/ legal guardian in the one- day pediatric surgery department must be planned, safe and comfortable. Nursing care with education and quality data collection for improvement are prerequisites for the further development of one- day pediatric surgery in Croatia.
- Published
- 2021
441. Opportunities for improvement of the pain management system in Karlovac County
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Šlat, Marija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, and Borovečki, Ana
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nurse ,Karlovac Count ,pain ,pain treatment - Abstract
Bol je individualan doživljaj koji se uvijek može karakterizirati kao neugodan osjećaj. Prisutnost boli u čovječanstvu postoji od kada je i civilizacije samo su se mijenjala shvaćanja o pojmu, uzrocima boli i pristup liječenju boli, sve od najstarijih civilizacija koje su živjele u razdoblju prije Krista, pa do danas. Ona je glavni uzrok onesposobljenosti ljudi u cijelome svijetu i na različite načine utječe na ponašanje i percepciju boli kod pojedinca ovisno o čimbenicima koji sudjeluju u stvaranju doživljaja boli.U današnje vrijeme kronična bol predstavlja veliki javnozdravstveni problem, a pristup u liječenju takvih vrsta boli mora biti multidisciplinaran. Veliku ulogu u intervenciji liječenja boli na svim razinama, primarnoj, sekundarnoj i tercijarnoj imaju medicinske sestre. Na području Karlovačke županije postoji organiziran sustav zdravstvene zaštite i Ambulanta za bol, kao i mogućnosti unapređenja liječenja boli u usporedbi s drugim sličnim sustavima. Predmet ovog diplomskog rada je upoznati se s mogućnostima liječenja boli u okviru Karlovačke županije. Ciljevi diplomskog rada su: definirati pojam boli, analizirati vrste i metode liječenja boli; definirati ulogu medicinskih sestara u pristupu liječenja boli; analizirati postojeće stanje i mogućnosti liječenja boli u Karlovačkoj županiji; donijeti zaključke na osnovu provedenih analiza., Pain is an individual experience, that can always be described as a nunpleasant feeling. The presence of pain exists since the civilization itself, the only things that have been changing are the understanding of the term, causes of the pain and the approach to pain management, from ancient civilizations that lived in the period before Christ, until today. It is a major cause of disability of people around the world and different impact on behavior and pain perception in humans, depending on such factors involved in the formation of pain. Nowadays, chronic pain is a serious problem for the state, and the approach in treating this kind of pain needs to be multidisciplinary. A major role in the interference of pain on all levels, primary, secondary and tertiary, have nurses. On the territory of Karlovac County, there is an organized health care system and an outpatient Clinic for pain treatment, as well as opportunities of improving the treatment of pain, in comparison with other similar systems.The subject of this work is presenting opportunities for pain treatment with in the Karlovac County. The objectives of the thesis are: to define the concept of pain; analyze the types and methods of pain treatment; define the role of nurses in the pain treatment approach; analyze the current situation and pain treatment options in Karlovac County; draw conclusions based on the conducted analyzes.
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- 2021
442. Integration of non-professionals in the palliative care system of Karlovac County
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Car, Marijana, Džakula, Aleksandar, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, and Majer, Marjeta
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education ,palliative care ,Karlovac county ,carers - Abstract
Laici u palijativnoj skrbi su punoljetne osobe koje dobrovoljno pružaju skrb, a iznimna su pomoć zdravstvenom sustavu. Skrb u završnoj fazi života nosi specifične poteškoće i pitanja, zbog čega laici njegovatelji u palijativnoj skrbi imaju specifične potrebe kao što su: psihološka i emocionalna podrška, pomoć oko zdravstvene njege, financijska pomoć, te podrška izvan radnog vremena i noću . Zdravstveni radnici moraju biti proaktivni u identificiranju tko pruža skrb za pacijenta i kakvu vrstu skrbi, kako bi se svim njegovateljima mogla pružiti ona vrsta podrške koju trebaju. Zato je potrebno određivanje ključnog profesionalca koji će koordinirati različite formalne i neformalne pomagače. Sukladno Strateškom planu razvoja palijativne skrbi u Republici Hrvatskoj za razdoblje 2014.-2016. Karlovačka županija donijela je svoju Strategiju razvoja palijativne skrbi gdje je prepoznata uloga volontera i udruga civilnog društva, te se navodi da njihov rad ima potpunu vrijednost i smisao samo ako djeluju unutar sustava palijativne skrbi. U ovom radu prikazane su aktivnosti uključivanja laika u sustav palijativne skrbi koje je moguće provesti na području županije, a mogu doprinijeti boljoj skrbi za palijativnog pacijenta pružajući im potporu i adekvatnu edukaciju., Non-professionals in palliative care are adults who provide care voluntarily and are an exceptional help to the health system. End-of-life care carries specific difficulties and issues, in particular for no-professionals in palliative care who have specific needs such as: psychological and emotional support, help with personal and health care, financial help, and support outside working hours and at night. Healthcare professionals must be proactive in identifying who provides patient care and what type of care, so that all carers can be provided with the type of support they need. That is why it is necessary to appoint a key professional who will coordinate various formal and informal helpers. In accordance with the Strategic Plan for the Development of Palliative Care in the Republic of Croatia for the period 2014-2016. Karlovac County has adopted its Strategy for the Development of Palliative Care, which recognizes the role of volunteers and civil society organizations, and states that their work has full value and meaning only if they operate within the palliative care system. In this paper are presented the activities necessary to include nonprofessionals in the palliative care system that can be carried out in the county, and can contribute to better care for the palliative patient by providing them with support and adequate education.
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- 2021
443. Percepcija medicinskih sestara/tehničara o preduvjetima za edukaciiju pacijenata u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja
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Civka, Kristian, Majer, Marjeta, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Vukušić Rukavina, Tea
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education ,medicinska sestra ,medicinski tehničar ,edukacija ,pacijent ,kvaliteta zdravstvene skrbi ,quality of health care ,nurse ,patient ,medical technician - Abstract
Uvod: Edukacija pacijenta i obitelji danas je jedna od glavnih intervencija medicinskih sestara/tehničara. Kvalitetna i pravovremena edukacija pacijenta u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja pridonosi oporavku, rehabilitaciji i poboljšanju kvalitete života pacijenta. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati percepciju medicinskih sestara/tehničara o preduvjetima za edukaciju pacijenata u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 110 (54,2%) medicinskih sestara /tehničara Klinike za anesteziologiju, reanimatologiju i intenzivno liječenje Kliničkog bolničkog centra Zagreb. Instrument istraživanja bio je validirani upitnik za procjenu znanja i stavova o edukaciji pacijenata Nurse Patient Education Questionnaire. Podatci dobiveni istraživanjem analizirani su metodama deskriptivne statistike (tablice frekvencije, hi-kvadrat test) i prikazani na razini značajnosti od P, Introduction: Patient and family education is one of the main interventions of nurses today. Quality and timely education of patients in the intensive care unit greatly contributes to recovery, rehabilitation and improving the quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the perception of nurses / technicians about the prerequisites for patient education in intensive care units. Methodology: Participants in the study were 110 (54.19%) nurses of the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care at the Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb. The research instrument was a validated Nurse Patient Education Questionnaire. The data obtained by the research were analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics (frequency tables, chi-square test) and presented at a significance level of P
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- 2021
444. Croatia: health system review 2021
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Džakula, Aleksandar, Vočanec, Dorja, Banadinović, Maja, Vajagić, Maja, Lončarek, Karmen, Lukačević Lovrenčić, Iva, Radin, Dagmar, and Rechel, Berndt
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delivery of health care ,evaluation studies ,financing, health ,health care reform ,health system plans – organization and administration ,Croatia - Abstract
This analysis of the Croatian health system reviews developments in its organization and governance, financing, provision of services, health reforms and health system performance. Croatia has a mandatory social health insurance system with nearly universal population coverage and a generous benefits package. Although per capita spending is low when compared to other EU countries, the share of public spending as a proportion of current health expenditure is high and out-of-pocket payments are low. There are sufficient physical and human resources overall, but some more remote areas, such as the islands off the Adriatic coast and rural areas in central and eastern Croatia, face shortages. While the Croatian health system provides a high degree of financial protection, more can be achieved in terms of improving health outcomes. Several mortality rates are among the highest in the EU, including mortality from cancer, preventable causes (including lung cancer, alcohol-related causes and road traffic deaths) and air pollution. Quality monitoring systems are underdeveloped, but available indicators on quality of care suggest much scope for improvement. Another challenge is waiting times, which were already long in the years before 2020 and are bound to have increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2021
445. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
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Zhou, B, Carrillo-Larco, Rm, Danaei, G, Riley, Lm, Paciorek, Cj, Stevens, Ga, Gregg, Ew, Bennett, Je, Solomon, B, Singleton, Rk, Sophiea, Mk, Iurilli, Mlc, Lhoste, Vpf, Cowan, Mj, Savin, S, Woodward, M, Balanova, Y, Cifkova, R, Damasceno, A, Elliott, P, Farzadfar, F, He, J, Ikeda, N, Kengne, Ap, Khang, Yh, Kim, Hc, Laxmaiah, A, Lin, Hh, Maira, Pm, Miranda, Jj, Neuhauser, H, Sundstrom, J, Varghese, C, Widyahening, Is, Zdrojewski, T, Ezzati, M, Abarca-Gomez, L, Abdeen, Za, Rahim, Hfa, Abu-Rmeileh, Nm, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, Rj, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Afzal, S, Agdeppa, Ia, Aghazadeh-Attari, J, Aguilar-Salinas, Ca, Agyemang, C, Ahmad, Na, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, N, Ahmadizar, F, Ahmed, Sh, Ahrens, W, Ajlouni, K, Al-Raddadi, R, Alarouj, M, Albuhairan, F, Aldhukair, S, Ali, Mm, Alkandari, A, Alkerwi, A, Allin, K, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, Dn, Amougou, N, Amouyel, P, Andersen, Lb, Anderssen, Sa, Anjana, Rm, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araujo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arku, Re, Arlappa, N, Aryal, Kk, Aspelund, T, Assah, Fk, Assuncao, Mcf, Auvinen, J, Avdicova, M, Azevedo, A, Azimi-Nezhad, M, Azizi, F, Azmin, M, Babu, Bv, Bahijri, S, Balakrishna, N, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Banadinovic, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas, Jr, Baran, J, Barbagallo, Cm, Barcelo, A, Barkat, A, Barreto, M, Barros, Ajd, Barros, Mvg, Bartosiewicz, A, Basit, A, Bastos, Jld, Bata, I, Batieha, Am, Batyrbek, A, Baur, La, Beaglehole, R, Belavendra, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Benet, M, Benson, Ls, Berkinbayev, S, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bettiol, H, Bezerra, J, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bhargava, Sk, Bia, D, Biasch, K, Lele, Ecb, Bikbov, Mm, Bista, B, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertness, E, Bjertness, Mb, Bjorkelund, C, Bloch, Kv, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boeing, H, Boggia, Jg, Boissonnet, Cp, Bojesen, Se, Bongard, V, Bonilla-Vargas, A, Bopp, M, Borghs, H, Bovet, P, Boyer, Cb, Braeckman, L, Brajkovich, I, Branca, F, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, Lm, Briceno, Y, Brito, M, Bruno, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Hb, Bueno, G, Bugge, A, Burns, C, Bursztyn, M, de Leon, Ac, Cacciottolo, J, Cameron, C, Can, G, Candido, Apc, Capanzana, Mv, Capkova, N, Capuano, E, Capuano, V, Cardoso, Vc, Carlsson, Ac, Carvalho, J, Casanueva, Ff, Censi, L, Cervantes-Loaiza, M, Chadjigeorgiou, Ca, Chamukuttan, S, Chan, Aw, Chan, Q, Chaturvedi, Hk, Chaturvedi, N, Chee, Ml, Chen, Cj, Chen, Ff, Chen, Hs, Chen, Sh, Chen, Zm, Cheng, Cy, Cheraghian, B, Dekkaki, Ic, Chetrit, A, Chien, Kl, Chiolero, A, Chiou, St, Chirita-Emandi, A, Chirlaque, Md, Cho, B, Christensen, K, Christofaro, Dg, Chudek, J, Cinteza, E, Claessens, F, Clarke, J, Clays, E, Cohen, E, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Coppinger, Tc, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Craig, Cl, Crampin, Ac, Crujeiras, Ab, Cruz, Jj, Csilla, S, Cui, Lf, Cureau, Fv, Cuschieri, S, D'Arrigo, G, D'Orsi, E, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dantoft, Tm, Dauchet, L, Davletov, K, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, De Curtis, A, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, de Oliveira, Pd, De Ridder, D, De Smedt, D, Deepa, M, Deev, Ad, Degennaro, V, Delisle, H, Demarest, S, Dennison, E, Deschamps, V, Dhimal, M, Di Castelnuovo, Af, Dias-da-Costa, Js, Diaz, A, Dickerson, Tt, Dika, Z, Djalalinia, S, Htp, Do, Dobson, Aj, Donfrancesco, C, Donoso, Sp, Doring, A, Dorobantu, M, Dorr, M, Doua, K, Dragano, N, Drygas, W, Duante, Ca, Duboz, P, Duda, Rb, Dulskiene, V, Dushpanova, A, Dzakula, A, Dzerve, V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Eddie, R, Eftekhar, E, Eggertsen, R, Eghtesad, S, Eiben, G, Ekelund, U, El-Khateeb, M, El Ati, J, Eldemire-Shearer, D, Eliasen, M, Elosua, R, Erasmus, Rt, Erbel, R, Erem, C, Eriksen, L, Eriksson, Jg, Escobedo-de la Pena, J, Eslami, S, Esmaeili, A, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Fakhretdinova, Aa, Fall, Ch, Faramarzi, E, Farjam, M, Fattahi, Mr, Fawwad, A, Felix-Redondo, Fj, Felix, Sb, Ferguson, Ts, Fernandes, Ra, Fernandez-Berges, D, Ferrante, D, Ferrao, T, Ferrari, M, Ferrario, Mm, Ferreccio, C, Ferreira, Hs, Ferrer, E, Ferrieres, J, Figueiro, Th, Fink, G, Fischer, K, Foo, Lh, Forsner, M, Fouad, Hm, Francis, Dk, Grego, Franco, Frikke-Schmidt, R, Frontera, G, Fuchs, Fd, Fuchs, Sc, Fujita, Y, Fumihiko, M, Furdela, V, Furer, A, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Galbarczyk, A, Galenkamp, H, Galvano, F, Gao, Jl, Gao, P, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, Garcia, P, Gareta, D, Garnett, Sp, Gaspoz, Jm, Gasull, M, Gazzinelli, A, Gehring, U, Geleijnse, Jm, George, R, Ghanbari, A, Ghasemi, E, Gheorghe-Fronea, Of, Ghimire, A, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gieger, C, Gill, Tk, Giovannelli, J, Gironella, G, Giwercman, A, Gkiouras, K, Goldberg, M, Goldsmith, Ra, Gomez, Lf, Gomula, A, da Silva, Bgc, Goncalves, H, Goncalves, M, Gonzalez-Chica, Da, Gonzalez-Gross, M, Gonzalez-Rivas, Jp, Gonzalez-Villalpando, C, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Me, Gonzalez, Ar, Gorbea, Mb, Gottrand, F, Graff-Iversen, S, Grafnetter, D, Grajda, A, Grammatikopoulou, Mg, Gregor, Rd, Grodzicki, T, Grosso, G, Gruden, G, Df, Gu, Guan, Op, Gudmundsson, Ef, Gudnason, V, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, Al, Gulliford, Mc, Gunnlaugsdottir, J, Gunter, Mj, Gupta, Pc, Gupta, R, Gureje, O, Gurzkowska, B, Gutierrez, L, Gutzwiller, F, Ha, S, Hadaegh, F, Haghshenas, R, Hakimi, H, Halkjaer, J, Hambleton, Ir, Hamzeh, B, Hange, D, Hanif, Aam, Hantunen, S, Hao, J, Hardman, Cm, Kumar, Rh, Hashemi-Shahri, Sm, Hata, J, Haugsgjerd, T, Hayes, Aj, Yn, He, Heier, M, Hendriks, Me, Henrique, Rd, Henriques, A, Cadena, Lh, Herrala, S, Heshmat, R, Hill, Ag, Sy, Ho, Sc, Ho, Hobbs, M, Holdsworth, M, Homayounfar, R, Dinc, Gh, Horimoto, Arvr, Hormiga, Cm, Horta, Bl, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, Tt, Htet, As, Htike, Mmt, Yh, Hu, Huerta, Jm, Huhtaniemi, It, Huiart, L, Huisman, M, Husseini, As, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, Ag, Ibrahim, Mm, Wong, Ni, Ikram, Ma, Iotova, V, Irazola, Ve, Ishida, T, Isiguzo, Gc, Islam, M, Islam, Sms, Iwasaki, M, Jackson, Rt, Jacobs, Jm, Jaddou, Hy, Jafar, T, James, K, Jamrozik, K, Janszky, I, Janus, E, Jarvelin, Mr, Jasienska, G, Jelakovic, A, Jelakovic, B, Jennings, G, Jha, Ak, Jiang, Cq, Jimenez, Ro, Jockel, Kh, 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Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Noor Ani Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Fariba Ahmadizar, Soheir H Ahmed, Wolfgang Ahrens, Kamel Ajlouni, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Monira Alarouj, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Mohamed M Ali, Abdullah Alkandari, Ala'a Alkerwi, Kristine Allin, Eman Aly, Deepak N Amarapurkar, Norbert Amougou, Philippe Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A Anderssen, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Daniel Ansong, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Raphael E Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K Aryal, Thor Aspelund, Felix K Assah, Maria Cecília F Assunção, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdićová, Ana Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Mehrdad Azmin, Bontha V Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Maja Banadinović, Piotr Bandosz, José R Banegas, Joanna Baran, Barbagallo Carlo Maria, Alberto Barceló, Amina Barkat, Marta Barreto, Aluisio Jd Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros, Anna Bartosiewicz, Abdul Basit, Joao Luiz D Bastos, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M Batieha, Assembekov Batyrbek, Louise A Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Antonisamy Belavendra, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, Lowell S Benson, Salim Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Heloísa Bettiol, Jorge Bezerra, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Santosh K Bhargava, Daniel Bia, Katia Biasch, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Katia V Bloch, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Heiner Boeing, Jose G Boggia, Carlos P Boissonnet, Stig E Bojesen, Vanina Bongard, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Matthias Bopp, Herman Borghs, Pascal Bovet, Christopher B Boyer, Lutgart Braeckman, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M Brewster, Yajaira Briceño, Miguel Brito, Graziella Bruno, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Gloria Bueno, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, Michael Bursztyn, Antonio Cabrera de León, Joseph Cacciottolo, Christine Cameron, Günay Can, Ana Paula C Cândido, Mario V Capanzana, Naděžda Čapková, Eduardo Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C Cardoso, Axel C Carlsson, Joana Carvalho, Felipe F Casanueva, Laura Censi, Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza, Charalambos A Chadjigeorgiou, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K Chaturvedi, Nish Chaturvedi, Miao Li Chee, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Bahman Cheraghian, Imane Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Angela Chetrit, Kuo-Liong Chien, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Adela Chirita-Emandi, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Belong Cho, Kaare Christensen, Diego G Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, Eliza Cinteza, Frank Claessens, Janine Clarke, Els Clays, Emmanuel Cohen, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Tara C Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L Craig, Amelia C Crampin, Ana B Crujeiras, Juan J Cruz, Semánová Csilla, Liufu Cui, Felipe V Cureau, Sarah Cuschieri, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M Dantoft, Luc Dauchet, Kairat Davletov, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Amalia De Curtis, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, David De Ridder, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D Deev, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Hélène Delisle, Stefaan Demarest, Elaine Dennison, Valérie Deschamps, Meghnath Dhimal, Augusto F Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Ty T Dickerson, Zivka Dika, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha Tp Do, Annette J Dobson, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P Donoso, Angela Döring, Maria Dorobantu, Marcus Dörr, Kouamelan Doua, Nico Dragano, Wojciech Drygas, Charmaine A Duante, Priscilla Duboz, Rosemary B Duda, Virginija Dulskiene, Anar Dushpanova, Aleksandar Džakula, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Ricky Eddie, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Robert Eggertsen, Sareh Eghtesad, Gabriele Eiben, Ulf Ekelund, Mohammad El-Khateeb, Jalila El Ati, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Marie Eliasen, Roberto Elosua, Rajiv T Erasmus, Raimund Erbel, Cihangir Erem, Louise Eriksen, Johan G Eriksson, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Saeid Eslami, Ali Esmaeili, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Caroline H Fall, Elnaz Faramarzi, Mojtaba Farjam, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Asher Fawwad, Francisco J Felix-Redondo, Stephan B Felix, Trevor S Ferguson, Romulo A Fernandes, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferrante, Thomas Ferrao, Marika Ferrari, Marco M Ferrario, Catterina Ferreccio, Haroldo S Ferreira, Eldridge Ferrer, Jean Ferrieres, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Günther Fink, Krista Fischer, Leng Huat Foo, Maria Forsner, Heba M Fouad, Damian K Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D Fuchs, Sandra C Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Matsuda Fumihiko, Viktoriya Furdela, Ariel Furer, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Henrike Galenkamp, Fabio Galvano, Jingli Gao, Pei Gao, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Pablo Garcia, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Andrea Gazzinelli, Ulrike Gehring, Johanna M Geleijnse, Ronnie George, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Anup Ghimire, Alessandro Gialluisi, Simona Giampaoli, Christian Gieger, Tiffany K Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, Glen Gironella, Aleksander Giwercman, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Marcel Goldberg, Rebecca A Goldsmith, Luis F Gomez, Aleksandra Gomula, Helen Gonçalves, Mauer Gonçalves, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, David A Gonzalez-Chica, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Juan P González-Rivas, Clicerio González-Villalpando, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Angel R Gonzalez, Mariano Bonet Gorbea, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dušan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Giuseppe Grosso, Gabriella Gruden, Dongfeng Gu, Ong Peng Guan, Elias F Gudmundsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L Guimaraes, Martin C Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc J Gunter, Prakash C Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Seongjun Ha, Farzad Hadaegh, Rosa Haghshenas, Hamid Hakimi, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R Hambleton, Behrooz Hamzeh, Dominique Hange, Abu Am Hanif, Sari Hantunen, Jie Hao, Carla Menêses Hardman, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Alison J Hayes, Yuna He, Margit Heier, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Rafael Dos Santos Henrique, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Herqutanto, Sauli Herrala, Ramin Heshmat, Allan G Hill, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C Ho, Michael Hobbs, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Gonul Horasan Dinc, Andrea Rvr Horimoto, Claudia M Hormiga, Bernardo L Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Laetitia Huiart, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif S Husseini, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G Iannone, Mohsen M Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, M Arfan Ikram, Violeta Iotova, Vilma E Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Godsent C Isiguzo, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T Jackson, Jeremy M Jacobs, Hashem Y Jaddou, Tazeen Jafar, Kenneth James, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Edward Janus, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelaković, Bojan Jelaković, Garry Jennings, Anjani Kumar Jha, Chao Qiang Jiang, Ramon O Jimenez, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jari J Jokelainen, Jost B Jonas, Torben Jørgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jóżwiak, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesna Jureša, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O Kajantie, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Natasa Kalpourtzi, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Freja B Kampmann, Srinivasan Kannan, Eva Karaglani, Line L Kårhus, Khem B Karki, Marzieh Katibeh, Joanne Katz, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Han Cg Kemper, Maryam Keramati, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Kay-Tee Khaw, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Dong Wook Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Heidi Klakk, Magdalena Klimek, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jukka P Kontto, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Jana Kratenova, Vilma Kriaucioniene, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steiner Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Urho M Kujala, Zbigniew Kulaga, R Krishna Kumar, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S Kusuma, Vladimir Kutsenko, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Tint Swe Latt, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Naomi S Levitt, Yanping Li, Christa L Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M Fernanda Lima-Costa, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Lars Lind, Vijaya Lingam, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Wei-Cheng Lo, Helle-Mai Loit, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, Paulo A Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Iva Lukačević Lovrenčić, Janice L Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Michala Lustigová, Edyta Luszczki, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George Ll Machado-Coelho, Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues, Enguerran Macia, Luisa M Macieira, Ahmed A Madar, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia K Malyutina, Lynell V Maniego, Yannis Manios, Jim I Mann, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Enzo Manzato, Anie Marcil, Staffan B Mårild, Mihalea Marinović Glavić, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Reynaldo Martorell, Luis P Mascarenhas, Marija Matasin, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Prashant Mathur, Alicia Matijasevich, Piotr Matlosz, Tandi E Matsha, Christina Mavrogianni, Jean Claude N Mbanya, Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R McFarlane, Stephen T McGarvey, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M McLean, Scott B McLean, Breige A McNulty, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Parinaz Mehdipour, Kirsten Mehlig, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Carlos Mendoza Montano, Ana Maria B Menezes, Geetha R Menon, Alibek Mereke, Indrapal I Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Haakon E Meyer, Jie Mi, Nathalie Michels, Kairit Mikkel, Karolina Milkowska, Jody C Miller, Cláudia S Minderico, G K Mini, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Pietro A Modesti, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bahram Mohajer, Mostafa K Mohamed, Shukri F Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Mohanna, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Iraj Mohebbi, Farnam Mohebi, Marie Moitry, Line T Møllehave, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K Mondo, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Leila B Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A Moreno, Karen Morgan, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Marcos André Moura-Dos-Santos, Malay K Mridha, Kelias P Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Alfa J Muhihi, Maria L Muiesan, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Kamarul Imran Musa, Sanja Musić Milanović, Vera Musil, Norlaila Mustafa, Iraj Nabipour, Shohreh Naderimagham, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M Naidu, Farid Najafi, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Námešná, Ei Ei K Nang, Vinay B Nangia, Sameer Narake, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye, William A Neal, Azim Nejatizadeh, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Chung T Nguyen, Nguyen D Nguyen, Quang V Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez, Teemu J Niiranen, Yury P Nikitin, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marina A Njelekela, Marianna Noale, Oscar A Noboa, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Teresa Norat, Maria Nordendahl, Børge G Nordestgaard, Noto Davide, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Mohannad Al Nsour, Baltazar Nunes, Terence W O'Neill, Dermot O'Reilly, Caleb Ochimana, Eiji Oda, Augustine N Odili, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Valérie Olié, Maria Teresa A Olinto, Isabel O Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, Lariane M Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Pedro J Ortiz, Clive Osmond, Sergej M Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Elena Pahomova, Karina Mary de Paiva, Andrzej Pająk, Domenico Palli, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Mariela Paoli, Dimitrios Papandreou, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Park, Winsome R Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Patrick Pasquet, Nikhil D Patel, Halyna Pavlyshyn, Ivan Pećin, Mangesh S Pednekar, João M Pedro, Nasheeta Peer, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C Pereira, Karen Gda Peres, Marco A Peres, Annette Peters, Janina Petkeviciene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Rafael N Pichardo, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N Pizarro, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Ozren Polašek, Miquel Porta, Anil Poudyal, Farhad Pourfarzi, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Alison J Price, Jacqueline F Price, Rui Providencia, Soile E Puhakka, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Daniel Queiroz, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radić, Ricardas Radisauskas, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Mahfuzar Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Ellina M Rakhimova, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Elisabete Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Daniel A Rangel Reina, Vayia Rarra, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M Reganit, Valéria Regecová, Luis Revilla, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Adrian Richter, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Raphael M Ritti-Dias, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar, Ulla Roggenbuck, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Dora Romaguera, Elisabetta L Romeo, Annika Rosengren, Joel Gr Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Iuliia A Rusakova, Paola Russo, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Harshpal S Sachdev, Alireza Sadjadi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Olfa Saidi, Sibel Sakarya, Nader Saki, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Diego Salmerón, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Susana Sans, Diana A Santos, Ina S Santos, Lèlita C Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L Saramies, Luis B Sardinha, Giselle Sarganas, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas Savva, Norie Sawada, Mariana Sbaraini, Marcia Scazufca, Beatriz D Schaan, Herman Schargrodsky, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O Schmidt, Peter Schnohr, Ben Schöttker, Sara Schramm, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E Schutte, Sylvain Sebert, Aye Aye Sein, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O Senbanjo, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Jennifer Servais, Svetlana A Shalnova, Teresa Shamah-Levy, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Maryam Sharafkhah, Sanjib K Sharma, Jonathan E Shaw, Amaneh Shayanrad, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Zumin Shi, Kenji Shibuya, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Dong Wook Shin, Majid Shirani, Rahman Shiri, Namuna Shrestha, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Alfonso Siani, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M Sibai, Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A Simons, Michael Sjöström, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Hung-Kwan So, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Eugène Sobngwi, Stefan Söderberg, Agustinus Soemantri, Reecha Sofat, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild Ia Sørensen, Elin P Sørgjerd, Maroje Sorić, Charles Sossa Jérome, Aïcha Soumaré, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Karen Sparrenberger, Jan A Staessen, Gregor Starc, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D Stein, George S Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stöckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Machi Suka, Chien-An Sun, Yn-Tz Sung, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G Sy, Holly E Syddall, René Charles Sylva, Moyses Szklo, E Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Julie Taylor, William R Tebar, Grethe S Tell, Tania Tello, Yih Chung Tham, K R Thankappan, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Lutgarde Thijs, Mikael Thinggaard, Nihal Thomas, Barbara Thorand, Betina H Thuesen, Erik J Timmermans, Dwi H Tjandrarini, Anne Tjonneland, Ulla Toft, Hanna K Tolonen, Janne S Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topór-Madry, María José Tormo, Michael J Tornaritis, Maties Torrent, Laura Torres-Collado, Giota Touloumi, Pierre Traissac, Areti Triantafyllou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh Th Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Shoichiro Tsugane, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L Turley, Gilad Twig, Per Tynelius, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Hanno Ulmer, Hannu Mt Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Rob M van Dam, Bert-Jan van den Born, Johan Van der Heyden, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Natasja M Van Schoor, Irene Gm van Valkengoed, Elisabeth M van Zutphen, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Anette Varbo, Senthil K Vasan, Tomas Vega, Toomas Veidebaum, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, Wm Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G Victora, Lucie Viet, Salvador Villalpando, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Tiina Vlasoff, Peter Vollenweider, Ari Voutilainen, Alisha N Wade, Janette Walton, Elvis Oa Wambiya, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Ming-Dong Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Wenbin Wei, Aneta Weres, Bo Werner, Peter H Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Andrzej Wiecek, Rainford J Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Emmanuel A Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Frederick C Wu, Shouling Wu, Justyna Wyszynska, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Weili Yan, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yang, Tabara Yasuharu, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K Yiallouros, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, San-Lin You, Novie O Younger-Coleman, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Ahmad A Zainuddin, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Maria Elisa Zapata, Ko Ko Zaw, Kristyna Zejglicova, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Luxia Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Dong Zhao, Ming-Hui Zhao, Shiqi Zhen, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Dan Zhu, Marie Zins, Emanuel Zitt, Yanina Zocalo, Nada Zoghlami, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Majid Ezzati, Sakarya, Sibel (ORCID 0000-0002-9959-6240 & YÖK ID 172028), Zhou, Bin, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Danaei, Goodarz, Riley, Leanne M., Paciorek, Christopher J., Stevens, Gretchen A., Gregg, Edward W., Bennett, James E., Solomon, Bethlehem, Singleton, Rosie K., Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Lhoste, Victor P. F., Cowan, Melanie J., Savin, Stefan, Woodward, Mark, Balanova, Yulia, Cifkova, Renata, Damasceno, Albertino, Elliott, Paul, Farzadfar, Farshad, He, Jiang, Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Margozzini Maira, Paula, Miranda, J. Jaime, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Sundstrom, Johan, Varghese, Cherian, Widyahening, Indah S., Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Rahim, Hanan F. 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P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doerr, Marcus, Doua, Kouamelan, Dragano, Nico, Drygas, Wojciech, Duante, Charmaine A., Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B., Dulskiene, Virginija, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A., Fall, Caroline H., Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Felix, Stephan B., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M., Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferreira, Haroldo S., Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiro, Thamara Hubler, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furdela, Viktoriya, Furer, Ariel, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Gao, Pei, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garcia, Pablo, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geleijnse, Johanna M., George, Ronnie, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Ghimire, Anup, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Giampaoli, Simona, Gieger, Christian, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Goldberg, Marcel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Gomez, Luis F., Gomula, Aleksandra, Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Goncalves, Goncalves, Helen, Goncalves, Mauer, Gonzalez-Chica, David A., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R., Bonet Gorbea, Mariano, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J., Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu A. M., Hantunen, Sari, Hao, Jie, Hardman, Carla Meneses, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J., He, Yuna, Heier, Margit, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henrique, Rafael dos Santos, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Huiart, Laetitia, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M. Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E., Ishida, Takafumi, Isiguzo, Godsent C., Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem Y., Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O., Joeckel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalpourtzi, Natasa, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kampmann, Freja B., Kannan, Srinivasan, Karaglani, Eva, Karhus, Line L., Karki, Khem B., Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Jeongseon, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Kontto, Jukka P., Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratenova, Jana, Kriaucioniene, Vilma, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. 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D. A., Peres, Marco A., Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Son Thai Pham, Pichardo, Rafael N., Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N., Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Poudyal, Anil, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J., Price, Jacqueline F., Providencia, Rui, Puhakka, Soile E., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Queiroz, Daniel, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina M., Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A., Rarra, Vayia, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Regecova, Valeria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. 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R., Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thinggaard, Mikael, Thomas, Nihal, Thorand, Barbara, Thuesen, Betina H., Timmermans, Erik J., Tjandrarini, Dwi H., Tjonneland, Anne, Toft, Ulla, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Jose Tormo, Maria, Tornaritis, Michael J., Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Triantafyllou, Areti, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M., Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M., van den Born, Bert-Jan, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., van Zutphen, Elisabeth M., Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Vasan, Senthil K., Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Ari, Wade, Alisha N., Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis O. A., Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley Junior, Rildo de Souza, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Andrew, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Wyszynska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Elisa Zapata, Maria, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Zoghlami, Nada, Zuniga Cisneros, Julio., School of Medicine, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Global Health, Pulmonology, Medical Informatics, Adult Psychiatry, Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Methodology, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Anesthesiology, Graduate School, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias
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Male ,Latin Americans ,Nutrition and Disease ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Medizin ,BLOOD-PRESSURE ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants ,Hypertension ,Prevalence ,Control ,Tretament ,GUIDELINES ,Global Health ,Worldwide trends ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hypertension prevalence ,Voeding en Ziekte ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,kohonnut verenpaine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prevention and Control ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,education.field_of_study ,food and beverages ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Noncommunicable diseases ,Period prevalence ,Middle Aged ,kansainvälinen vertailu ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,MIDDLE-INCOME ,Pooled analysis ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,INCOME COUNTRIES ,ADULTS ,PREVENTION ,MANAGEMENT ,ADHERENCE ,DIAGNOSIS ,Western europe ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Hypertension/diagnosis ,NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) ,Female ,B990 Subjects Allied to Medicine not elsewhere classified ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Adult ,health-care ,esiintyvyys ,Central asia ,Population ,Nursing ,3121 Internal medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,Drug Therapy ,General & Internal Medicine ,Life Science ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,education ,Antihypertensive Agents ,VLAG ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ,business.industry ,Omvårdnad ,fungi ,General and internal medicine ,Estados de Saúde e de Doença ,Taking medication ,Treatment ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Blood pressure ,Faculdade de Ciências Sociais ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,lääkehoito ,1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background: hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods: we used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings: the number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings., British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Grant; World Health Organization (WHO); Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Fellowship
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- 2021
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446. Razvoj modela za planiranje specijalističkoga usavršavanja doktora medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj
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Relić, Danko, Božikov, Jadranka, Kujundžić Tiljak, Mirjana, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Čikeš, Nada
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physicians ,Republic of Croatia ,specialist education ,human resources for health ,liječnici ,specijalističko usavršavanje ,planiranje kadrova u zdravstvu ,Republika Hrvatska ,simulacijsko modeliranje ,sistemska dinamika ,simulation modelling ,system dynamics - Abstract
Osiguranje adekvatnog i održivog broja radnika u zdravstvu, sa odgovarajućim znanjima i vještinama, ključno je pitanje zdravstvene politike širom svijeta. Cilj disertacije je razviti model za simulaciju dinamike upućivanja na specijalističko usavršavanje doktora medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj te sustavnim ispitivanjem različitih scenarija procijeniti optimalnu strategiju kojom se osigurava stabilna opskrba specijalistima različitih specijalnosti i korigira procjep između ponude i potražnje. Za izradu simulacijskog modela i za izvođenje simulacijskih eksperimenata korišten je programski paket Stella Architect v1.9.1 s grafičkim sučeljem za izradu i simulaciju modela metodom sistemske dinamike. Promjene u broju liječnika i njihovoj dobnoj raspodjeli projicirane su u kontekstu očekivanih budućih promjena hrvatske populacije pod različitim scenarijima koji pokrivaju razdoblje od 2020. do 2035. godine. Razvijen je višedijelni model dinamike sustava kojim su obuhvaćene sve faze školovanja i rada liječnika specijalista, od upisa na studij medicine preko specijalističkog usavršavanja i radnog vijeka u zdravstvenom sustavu (ili nekom drugom sustavu koji zapošljava doktore medicine) do odlaska u mirovinu. Sustavno ispitivanje različitih scenarija pokazuje da je sadašnja ukupna upisna kvota na studij medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj od 590 studenata godišnje dovoljna za zadovoljenje potreba za liječnicima u budućem razdoblju do 2035. godine., Ensuring an adequate and sustainable number of health workers, with appropriate knowledge and skills, is a key health policy issue worldwide. The aim of this thesis was to develop a model for simulating the dynamics of referral to specialist training of medical doctors in the Republic of Croatia and systematically examine different scenarios to assess the optimal strategy to ensure a stable supply of specialists in various specialties and correct the gap between supply and demand. Stella Architect v1.9.1 software package with a graphical interface for creating and simulating models using the system dynamics method was used to create a simulation model and to perform simulation experiments. Changes in the number of physicians and their age distribution are projected in the context of expected future changes in the Croatian population under different scenarios covering the period from 2020 to 2035. A multi-part model of system dynamics has been developed, covering all phases of education and work of specialist physicians, from enrolment in medical studies through specialist training and working life in the health system (or another system that employs physicians) to retirement. The results of simulation modelling of different scenarios indicate that the current total enrolment quota for the study of medicine in the Republic of Croatia of 590 students per year is sufficient to meet the needs for medical doctors in the future until 2035.
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- 2021
447. ZAŠTITA ZDRAVLJA ČLANOVA POLJOPRIVREDNIH KUĆANSTAVA POŽEŠKO-SLAVONSKE ŽUPANIJE.
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Holcer, N. Janev, Deriš, E., Gorjanc, B., and Džakula, A.
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FARMS , *OCCUPATIONAL diseases , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *RURAL geography - Abstract
In Croatia, 47.6% of the population lives in rural areas. It is estimated that the number of persons working in farm households is around 1,485,647 which includes labour-active male and female population, children, the elderly and disabled persons. Occupational safety measures and regulations are not enforced in the case of the farm households and their implementation cannot be controlled as the people are not officially employed. The exact number of injuries and professional diseases cannot be determined since there is no obligation of reporting. This research aims to describe the current status of health protection and safety in farm house- holds as found in Požeško-slavonska County. The gathered information can be used to introduce specific minimum health protection and safety measures in agriculture intended to remove causes of injuries and occupational diseases. Using the HELS questionnaire data was collected regarding participants' health status, behaviour and perception of typical factors related to agriculture and rural life, most frequent injuries and occupational diseases, usage of protective equipment and methods of pesticides application. The research was conducted from February to April 2011 in Požeško-slavonska County. The research sample consisted of 164 participants, 104 women (aged 18 to 83) and 60 men (aged 18 to 93). Injuries were reported in 32 (19,5%) participants and categorised from minor to severe. Pesticide intoxication was reported in 6 (3,6%) participants. The questionnaire shows that protective equipment, mostly work gloves, is used by 84 (51,2%). Out of 91 children in families that participated in this research, 58 (63,7%) worked in agriculture. Presented results suggest the need for further research in rural areas of Croatia regarding health protection and safety of farm households and a need for securing the implementation of equal or at least minimum health and safety measures for all members of farm households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
448. Palliative care development in the City of Zagreb
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Miloš, Iva, Džakula, Aleksandar, Štimac Grbić, Danijela, and Musil, Vera
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palliative care ,City of Zagreb ,health policy ,strategic planning - Abstract
Palijativna skrb je u zadnjih nekoliko desetljeća u fokusu medicinske, ali i drugih struka koje su važan dio pružanja palijativne skrbi (socijalni radnici, psiholozi, duhovnici). Po prvi puta je, ne samo našla mjesto u zdravstvenim politikama, nego je proglašena prioritetom. U Hrvatskoj je razvoj palijativne skrbi počeo od samog osnutka države devedesetih godina. S obzirom na ratne okolnosti u kojima smo se u to doba nalazili, tekao je polagano. Od usvajanja Nacionalne strategije razvoja zdravstva 2012. – 2020. započinje sustavni razvoj palijativne skrbi, a 2013. Godine Vlada Republike Hrvatske usvaja ključni dokument koji se odnosi samo na razvoj palijativne skrbi, a to je “Strateški plan razvoja palijativne skrbi u Republici Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od 2014. do 2016. Godine”. Plan izrađen nakon što je učinjena analiza stanja u Hrvatskoj i svakoj pojedinoj županiji, stoga se u Planu prepoznaju specifičnost svake županije, te su se u isti implementirale potrebe i zahtjevi svake zasebno. Iako je Grad Zagreb bio među prvima koji su prepoznali važnost razvoja palijativne skrbi, u novije vrijeme zaostaje za pojedinim županijama koje su već implementirale Strateške planove u svoje lokalne politike. Gradski ured za zdravstvo još od 2011. godine proglasio palijativnu skrb prioritetom projekta “Zagreb- Zdravi grad”, ali do dan danas nije uspostavljen cjelovit sustav skrbi, već su se ispunili pojedini kriteriji određeni Strateškim planovima. Najnoviji dokument „Plan razvoja palijativne skrbi u Gradu Zagrebu“, prihvaćen 2018. godine, ima cilj ispuniti kriterije postavljene u Nacionalnom programu razvoja palijativne skrbi u Republici Hrvatskoj 2017.-2020.. Posebna pažnja je posvećena specifičnostima Zagreba, kao na primjer činjenica da Grad nije nadležan svim ustanovama koje pružaju palijativnu skrb zagrebačkom stanovništvu te da je stvarni broj pacijenata koji se liječe u zagrebačkim bolnicama veći od procijenjenog prema broju stanovnika Zagreba jer u njemu gravitiraju pacijenti iz cijele Hrvatske. Također, ističu se problemi nepostojanja adekvatne palijativne skrbi za djecu i drugih vulnerabilnih skupina, što su izazovi s kojima se teško nose i druge zemlje članice., In the last few decades, palliative care has been in the focus of medical profession but also other professions that form an important part of providing palliative care (social workers, psychologists, clerics). For the first time, palliative care has not only found its place in healthcare policies, but has also been proclaimed a priority. In Croatia, the development of palliative care began already in the 1990s when the country was formed. The process was advancing slowly due to the war circumstances surrounding that period. The systematic development of palliative care began with the adoption of the National Health Care Strategy 2012-2020, while in 2012 the Government of the Republic of Croatia adopted a key document that relates exclusively to the development of palliative care, namely the "Strategic Plan for Palliative Care Development in the Republic of Croatia 2014 - 2016 ". The plan was drawn up after conducting an analysis of the situation in Croatia and each individual county and therefore it recognizes the specificity of each county and their needs and requirements are separately implemented in the Plan. Although the City of Zagreb was among the first to recognize the importance of the development of palliative care, it recently lags behind some counties that have already implemented the Strategic Plans in their local policies. Although palliative care was declared a priority of the project “Zagreb - Healthy City” by the City Office for Health already in 2011, no complete care system has been established to this date, but some criteria set by the Strategic Plans have been fulfilled. The latest Palliative Care Development Plan adopted in 2018 aims to meet the criteria set out in the National Program for the Development of Palliative Care in the Republic of Croatia, 2017-2020. The Plan analyzes the current situation in the City of Zagreb as well as its needs. Particular attention is paid to the specificities of Zagreb, such as the fact that the City is not competent authority for all institutions providing palliative care to the Zagreb population, and that the actual number of patients treated in Zagreb hospitals is higher than estimated by the number of inhabitants of Zagreb, since patients from all over Croatia are gravitating towards capital for treatment. Also, the problems of lack of adequate palliative care for children and other vulnerable groups are highlighted, which are challenges that are difficult to tackle for other EU member states as well.
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- 2020
449. Swarm intelligence algorithms adaptation for various search spaces
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Capor Horošik, Romana, Tuba, Milan, Bačanin Džakula, Nebojša, and Nikolić, Boško
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Računarske nauke ,prilagodjavanje algoritama ,algoritmi inteligencije rojeva ,prakticne primjene ,optimizacija ,optimizacija, NP-teški optimizacijski problemi, algoritmi inteligencije rojeva, prilagođavanje algoritama, prostor pretrage, praktične primjene ,NP-teški optimizacijski problemi ,prostor pretrage - Abstract
U današnje vrijeme postoji mnogo algoritama inteligencije rojeva koji se uspješno koriste za rješavanje raznih teških problema optimizacije. Zajednički elementi svih ovih algoritama su operator za lokalnu pretragu (eksploataciju) oko pronađenih obećavajućih rješenja i operator globalne pretrage (eksploracije) koji pomaže u bijegu iz lokalnih optimuma. Algoritmi inteligencije rojeva obično se inicijalno testiraju na neograničenim, ograničenim ili visoko-dimenzionalnim skupovima standardnih test funkcija. Nadalje, mogu se poboljšati, prilagoditi, izmijeniti, hibridizirati, kombinirati s lokalnom pretragom. Konačna svrha je korištenje takve metaheuristike za optimizaciju problema iz stvarnog svijeta. Domena rješenja odnosno prostori pretrage praktičnih teških problema optimizacije mogu biti različiti. Rješenja mogu biti vektori iz skupa realnih brojeva, cijelih brojeva ali mogu biti i kompleksnije strukture. Algoritmi inteligencije rojeva moraju se prilagoditi za različite prostore pretrage što može biti jednostavno podešavanje parametara algoritma ili prilagodba za cjelobrojna rješenja jednostavnim zaokruživanjem dobivenih realnih rješenja ali za pojedine prostore pretrage potrebno je skoro kompletno prepravljanje algoritma uključujući i operatore eksploatacije i eksploracije zadržavajući samo proces vođenja odnosno inteligenciju roja. U disertaciji je predstavljeno nekoliko algoritama inteligencije rojeva i njihova prilagodba za različite prostore pretrage i primjena na praktične probleme. Ova disertacija ima za cilj analizirati i prilagoditi, u zavisnosti od funkcije cilja i prostora rješenja, algoritme inteligencije rojeva. Predmet disertacije uključuje sveobuhvatan pregled postojećih implementacija algoritama inteligencije rojeva. Disertacija također obuhvaća komparativnu analizu, prikaz slabosti i snaga jednih algoritama u odnosu na druge zajedno s istraživanjem prilagodbi algoritama inteligencije rojeva za različite prostore pretrage i njihova primjena na praktične problem. Razmatrani su problemi sa realnim rješenjima kao što su optimizacija stroja potpornih vektora, grupiranje podataka, sa cjelobrojnim rješenjima kao što je slučaj problema segmentacije digitalnih slika i za probleme gdje su rješenja posebne strukture kao što su problemi planiranja putanje robota i triangulacije minimalne težine. Modificirani i prilagođeni algoritmi inteligencije rojeva za različite prostore pretrage i primjenjenih na praktične probleme testirani su na standardnim skupovima test podataka i uspoređeni s drugim suvremenim metodama za rješavanje promatranih problema iz literature. Pokazane su uspješne prilagodbe algoritama inteligencije rojeva za razne prostore pretrage. Ovako prilagođeni algoritmi su u svim slučajevima postigli bolje rezultate u usporedbi sa metodama iz literature, što dovodi do zaključka da je moguće prilagoditi algoritme inteligencije rojeva za razne prostore pretrage uključujući i kompleksne strukture i postići bolje rezultate u usporedbi sa metodama iz literature.
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- 2020
450. Uloga medicinskih sestara u integraciji oboljelih od rijetkih bolesti
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Krznar, Mateja, Vukušić Rukavina, Tea, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Majer, Marjeta
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nurse ,rare diseases ,rijetke bolesti ,integracija ,medicinska sestra ,integration - Abstract
Rijetke bolesti prema definiciji su bolesti koje se javljaju na manje od 5 pojedinaca na 10 000 stanovnika. Iako rijetke, kad se uzme u obzir veliki broj rijetkih bolesti, dolazimo do podataka da u Europi od rijetkih bolesti boluje oko 6 do 8% cjelokupne populacije. Zbog svoje kompleksnosti, rijetke bolesti zahtijevaju multidisciplinarnu, integriranu, kontinuiranu i cjelovitu skrb. Danas, zahvaljujući znanstvenom i tehnološkom razvoju medicina svakodnevno napreduje, rijetke bolesti se sve bolje tretiraju, životni vijek pacijenata se produžuje, a kvaliteta života se unaprjeđuje. Uloga medicinske sestre u skrbi za oboljele važna je jer je medicinska sestra ona koja kao dio multidisciplinarnog tima koordinira skrb. Ona je zadužena za edukaciju oboljelih te planiranje intervencije koje su potrebne kako bi se identificirale potrebe i poteškoće koje se tijekom skrbi mogu javiti. U Europi se sve više govori o potrebi za pružanjem integrirane skrbi kao pojmu koji odražava problem u poboljšanju pacijentovog iskustva i postizanju efikasnosti u pružanju usluga u zdravstvu, a sve kako bi skrb bila dobro koordinirana i kontinuirana. U tom kontekstu govori se o medicinskoj sestri kao o „case manageru“. U ovom radu po prvi put spominju se „case manageri za rijetke bolesti“ po primjeru dobrih praksi drugih država kao i preporuke za sveobuhvatnu i holističku skrb Europske organizacije za rijetke bolesti. Korištenje „case managementa“ u radu s oboljelima omogućio bi veliki napredak skrbi, a također doveo je do povećanja kvalitete života što je za oboljele, njihove obitelji, ali i zdravstvene djelatnike te sve druge sudionike u skrbi i najvažnije., Rare diseases by definition are diseases that affect less than 5 individuals per 10,000 population. Although rare, when a large number of rare diseases are taken into account, we come to the data that in Europe about 6 to 8% of the total population suffers from rare diseases. Due to their complexity, rare diseases require multidisciplinary, integrated, continuous and holistic care. Today, thanks to scientific and technological developments, medicine is advancing on a daily basis, rare diseases are being treated better, patients' life expectancy is being extended, and their quality of life is improving. The role of the nurse in caring for people with rare disease is important because it is the nurse who, as part of a multidisciplinary team, coordinates care. Nurse is in charge of educating people with rare disease and planning the interventions needed to identify the needs and difficulties that may arise during care. In Europe, there is increasing talk of the need to provide integrated care as a concept that reflects the problem of improving the patient experience and achieving efficiency in the provision of health services, all in order for care to be well coordinated and continuous. In this context, the nurse is referred to as a "case manager". This master thesis mentions for the first time "case managers for rare diseases" following the example of good practices of other countries as well as recommendations for comprehensive and holistic care of the Rare Diseases Europe. The use of "case management" in working with patients would enable great progress in care, and also led to an increase in the quality of life, which is most important for patients, their families, but also health professionals and all other participants in care.
- Published
- 2020
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