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C14H18O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.8905(6) Å, b = 9.9903(5) Å, c = 12.7101(6) Å, β = 104.912(2)°, V = 1336.28(12) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0502, wRref(F2) = 0.1504, T = 296(2) K.

This study investigated the comprehension and production of long passives (i.e. bei-constructions with an overt agent) in Mandarin-speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Seventeen preschool children with DLD (1 female; mean age: 61 months old) and 23 typically developing (TD) children (6 females; mean age: 62 months old) participated in a sentence-picture matching task (for comprehension) and an elicited production task. Their nonverbal working memory (NVWM) was measured with the fourth edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Results showed that children with DLD were less accurate and more likely to choose the picture with reversed thematic roles than their TD peers on passives in the sentence-picture matching task; in the elicited production task, they produced fewer target responses than TD children in passives. For NVWM, although that of the DLD group was lower than that of TD children, most children in the DLD group were within the average range. Furthermore, their performance on passives in the comprehension and production tasks was significantly correlated with their NVWM, which adds to the body of work suggesting links between complex syntax and working memory. However, the fact that NVWM could be preserved in the face of difficulties with passives suggests that this link may be due to NVWM enhancing performance during tasks with a high visual component, while it may not be underlyingly responsible for syntactic impairments in children with DLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, PVA/BDA/ADH gels with good mechanical properties and self-healing properties were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 4,4-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde (BDA), and adipic dihydrazide (ADH) as raw materials. The hydrogel network achieves chemical-physical double cross-linking through acylhydrazone bonds and hydrogen bonds. The as-prepared PVA/BDA/ADH gels have good mechanical properties (the tensile stress of PVA/BDA/ADH gels is about 2 times that of pure PVA hydrogel) due to chemical and physical double cross-linking. It also has good self-healing properties under external conditions. Compared with pure PVA hydrogel, PVA/BDA/ADH gels have more stable self-healing properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex has good hydrophobic and oleophobicity, weather resistance, aging resistance, stability and other excellent properties, which make the polymer be widely used in coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products. The purpose of this study is to prepare self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex via semi-continuous seeded emulsion technology and carry out comparative study on two different cross-linked monomers. Design/methodology/approach: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as the main monomers, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) as the fluoromonomer, hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as cross-linked monomers, and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (ANPEO10) and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate (DNS-86) as compound emulsifiers via the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion polymerization. Findings: The properties of the polymer emulsions, which are prepared with two different cross-linked monomers, are compared and discussed, and it is concluded that HPMA is more suitable for the preparation of self-crosslinked polymer emulsions. The formula of the polymer latex is ANPEO10: DNS-86 = 1:1, and the mass ratio of the monomers used in the polymer is MMA: BA: DFMA: HPMA = 14.40:14.40:0.60:0.60. Practical implications: Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex can be used in many fields such as coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products. Originality/value: The self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex is prepared by mixing the nonionic emulsifier ANPEO10 and the anionic emulsifier DNS-86 when potassium persulfate is used as the thermal decomposition initiator and the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion technology is adopted and the comparative study on two different cross-linked monomer is carried out, which is not reported in the open literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drilling and blasting method used for excavation causes damage to surrounding rock mass, and frequent blasting often leads to cumulative damage effects. Thus, understanding the distribution of Blast-Induced Damage (BID) zone is critical to assess the slope stability of open-pit mines. Herein, this study aims to investigate the cumulative damage effects and safety control criteria on the final wall of the open-pit slope under blasting. The cumulative damage zone was defined using a continuous damage model coupled with tensile damage and Drucker–Prager yield criteria embedded in the finite difference method. The simulation results were validated against field data collected from the Wushan open-pit mine in Inner Mongolia, China. The results demonstrate that the cumulative damage of the final wall exhibited a non-linear decreasing trend from the bench face to the interior of the slope, successfully reproducing the spatial distribution of the BID obtained from the in situ test, and revealing that the maximum cumulative damage depth occurred at the slope crest. Additionally, a safety control criterion for the critical damage zone of open-pit final slope was proposed based on the investigation of the effects of dynamic loading rate and stemming length on excessive overbreak. The results highlight how important it is to account for cumulative damage effects when assessing the final slope stability of an open pit and optimizing the mining design. Highlights: The cumulative damage effects on the final wall of the open-pit under blasting are investigated. A model coupled with tensile damage and Drucker-Prager yield criteria is established and incorporated into finite difference method to simulate the blast-induced damage zone. The subsurface damage depth is obtained using the digital drilling images technology. The dynamic loading rate and stemming length could significantly affect the excessive overbreak along the crest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) is an important natural active nutrient and one of the main allergens in bovine milk. β-lactoglobulin is about 50% of the total whey protein, is the major whey protein in bovine milk, has strong heat sensitivity and allergenicity, and plays a key role in the high-quality dairy industry, not only as an evaluation index of heat treatment intensity of milk, but also as the marker protein of milk allergens in food. Therefore, it is very important to effectively identify and detect bovine β-lactoglobulin. Thirteen variants of bovine β-lactoglobulin have been reported, of which A and B are the common variants whose content are the highest. According to different detection principles, the article briefly describes three kinds of detection methods of milk β-lactoglobulin variants in recent years, and summarizes the principles, advantages, disadvantages and some application examples of electrophoresis, chromatography and immunoassay. The two quantitative methods of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis were introduced emphatically, and the future development direction of bovine β-lactoglobulin was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes defects in the human immune system. HIV can abnormally activate immune cells, greatly reduce CD4 +T lymphocytes in the intestine, weaken the defense against pathogenic bacteria, make intestinal immune dysfunction, imbalance of intestinal flora, and cause other system abnormalities. In clinical practice, anti retroviral therapy (ART) is accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, allergy and other adverse reactions. In recent years, studies have found that the combination of probiotics and ART treatment can regulate intestinal flora, inhibit bacterial translocation, and reduce the inflammatory coefficient of HIV infected people. This article mainly summarizes the efficacy and mechanism of adjuvant treatment of HIV patients by supplementing a variety of probiotics after the intestinal microecological changes caused by HIV. It shows that dietary adjuvant treatment of HIV infection with probiotics has a positive effect and is an economic and feasible treatment method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Method: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N =72,627, 57% women, Mage =32.84; SDage =12.57). Results: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. Conclusions: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified latex is prepared via the soap-free emulsion polymerization of ethyl acetate (VAc) and vinyl versatate (VeoVa10). DFHMA is used as modified monomers. The composite surfactants of SR-10 and ANPEO-10 are used as the composite emulsifiers. The polymerization is initiated by potassium sulfate (KPS). The structure of latex film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The latex films were tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and contact angle (CA) determinator. The particle size of the latex emulsion particle size is determined by the Zetatrac dynamic light scatter. Results show that the optimum condition of preparing the modified latex can be obtained, i.e. the amount of emulsifier is 4.0%; the mass ratio of SR-10 to ANPEO-10 is 1:1; the amount of initiator is 0.5%; the mass ratio ofVAc to VeoVa10 is 1:1; the amount of DFHMA is 5.0%. The appearance of the latex is blue and translucent with a small particle size. The conversion rate is more than 98%. Compared with the conventional latex, the hydrophobicity and heat resistance of the film have been improved. Moreover, the latex has good chemical stability and mechanical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two terminal passive devices are regarded as one of the promising candidates to solve the processor‐memory bottleneck in the Von Neumann computing architectures. Many different materials are used to fabricate memory devices, which have the potential to act as synapses in future neuromorphic electronics. Metal halide perovskites are attractive for memory devices as they display high density of defects with a low migration barrier. However, to become promising for a future neuromorphic technology, attention should be paid on non‐toxic materials and scalable deposition processes. Herein, it is reported for the first time the successful fabrication of resistive memory devices using quasi‐2D tin–lead perovskite of composition (BA)2MA4(Pb0.5Sn0.5)5I16 by blade coating. The devices show typical memory characteristics with excellent endurance (2000 cycles), retention (105 s), and storage stability (3 months). Importantly, the memory devices successfully emulate synaptic behaviors such as spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity, paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term potentiation, and long‐term potentiation. A mix of slow (ionic) transport and fast (electronic) transport (charge trapping and de‐trapping) is proven to be responsible for the observed resistive switching behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Omics characterization of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue is complicated by the highly heterogeneous and mixed populations of cells. We evaluate the feasibility and potential benefit of using a coring method to enrich specific regions from bulk tissue and then perform proteogenomic analyses. Methods: We used the Biopsy Trifecta Extraction (BioTExt) technique to isolate cores of epithelial-enriched and stroma-enriched tissue from pancreatic tumor and adjacent tissue blocks. Histology was assessed at multiple depths throughout each core. DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, and proteomics were performed on the cored and bulk tissue samples. Supervised and unsupervised analyses were performed based on integrated molecular and histology data. Results: Tissue cores had mixed cell composition at varying depths throughout. Average cell type percentages assessed by histology throughout the core were better associated with KRAS variant allele frequencies than standard histology assessment of the cut surface. Clustering based on serial histology data separated the cores into three groups with enrichment of neoplastic epithelium, stroma, and acinar cells, respectively. Using this classification, tumor overexpressed proteins identified in bulk tissue analysis were assigned into epithelial- or stroma-specific categories, which revealed novel epithelial-specific tumor overexpressed proteins. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of multi-omics data generation from tissue cores, the necessity of interval H&E stains in serial histology sections, and the utility of coring to improve analysis over bulk tissue data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When interacting with strangers, people tend to draw inferences pertaining to the strangers' personality traits based on their facial information, which leads to differential feelings of trust for the strangers. This study explored whether the weightage which individuals' provide to facial warmth and competence changes with social situations when they have to make decisions based on trust. In experiment 1, a donation context was set, and the participants tended to select a stranger volunteer with feminine face as the recipient of a higher donation amount. In experiment 2, an investment context was set, and while interacting with male trustees, the participants tended to select masculine male faces as recipients of a higher investment amount. However, a contradictory result was obtained when the participants interacted with the female trustees. Participants' perceptions of the trustworthiness of the four kinds of faces (feminine or masculine male faces, feminine or masculine female faces) predicted the corresponding donation and investment amounts. The results indicated that feminine faces (both male and female) were preferred as recipients of donation, and the warmth in the faces was given more weightage in the donation context (warmth perception). In the investment context (competence perception), participants tended to choose masculine faces as recipients of investment amount among the male faces but showed a preference for feminine faces among female faces. The research provides empirical support for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind highly flexible and complex social interactions among humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information amount has been shown to be one of the most efficient methods for measuring uncertainty. However, there has been little research on outlier detection using information amount. To fill this void, this paper provides a new unsupervised outlier detection method based on the amount of information. First, the information amount in a given information system is determined, which offers a thorough estimate of the uncertainty of this information system. Then, the relative information amount and the relative cardinality are proposed. Following that, the degree of outlierness and weight function are shown. Furthermore, the information amount-based outlier factor is constructed, which determines whether an object is an outlier by its rank. Finally, a new unsupervised outlier detection method called the information amount-based outlier factor (IAOF) is developed. To validate the effectiveness and advantages of IAOF, it is compared to five existing outlier identification methods. The experimental results on real-world data sets show that this method is capable of addressing the problem of outlier detection in categorical information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria and fungi are core microorganisms in diverse ecosystems, and their cross‐kingdom interactions are considered key determinants of microbiome structure and ecosystem functioning. However, how bacterial‐fungal interactions mediate soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remains largely unexplored in the context of artificial forest ecosystems.Here, we characterised soil bacterial and fungal communities in four successive planting of Eucalyptus and compared them to a neighbouring evergreen broadleaf forest. Carbon (C) mineralisation combined with five C‐degrading enzymatic activities was investigated to determine the effects of successive planting of Eucalyptus on SOC dynamics.Our results indicated that successive planting of Eucalyptus significantly altered the diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities and increased the negative bacterial‐fungal associations. The bacterial diversity significantly decreased in all Eucalyptus plantations compared to the evergreen forest, while the fungal diversity showed the opposite trend. The ratio of negative bacterial‐fungal associations increased with successive planting of Eucalyptus due to the decrease in SOC, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+‐N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) and available phosphorus (AP). Structural equation modelling indicated that the potential cross‐kingdom competition, based on the ratio of negative bacterial‐fungal correlations, was significantly negatively associated with the diversity of total bacteria and keystone bacteria, thereby increasing C‐degrading enzymatic activities and C mineralisation.Synthesis and applications: Our results highlight the regulatory role of the negative bacterial‐fungal association in enhancing the correlation between bacterial diversity and C mineralisation. This suggests that promoting short‐term successive planting in the management of Eucalyptus plantations can mitigate the impact of this association on SOC decomposition. Taken together, our study advances the understanding of bacterial‐fungal negative associations to mediate carbon mineralisation in Eucalyptus plantations, giving us a new insight into SOC cycling dynamics in artificial forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve environmental protection, high removal rates, reusability, and degradability, a carboxymethyl-functionalized porous hydrogel P-(CM-β-CD/HPCS/KHA/AC) was synthesized with carboxymethyl cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD), hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS), potassium humate (KHA), and activated carbon (AC) using polyacrylic acid (PAA) as the carrier. The gel materials before and after adsorption were characterized via FTIR, TG, XRD, and XPS. Results showed high adsorption capacity for antibiotics such as tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). P-(CM-β-CD/HPCS/KHA/AC) hydrogel exhibits optimal TCH adsorption at 298 K with 0.8 g/L of the adsorbent at pH 4, resulting in the highest adsorption capacity of up to 108.81 mg/g, a removal rate of 69%, and an adsorption equilibrium time of 150 min. The maximum swelling ratio is 100.39 times at pH 7. The theoretical values of the TCH adsorption capacity obtained using the quasi-second-order kinetic equation at 298 K, 308 K, and 318 K are 114.8106, 98.4552, and 90.4159 mg/g, respectively, corresponding to the experimental values. The adsorption behavior follows a quasi-second-order kinetic equation, which is in accordance with the Langmuir model. It is driven by electrostatic interactions, π–π conjugation reactions, hydrogen bond interactions, entropy increase, and heat absorption, resulting in a spontaneous process. The regeneration and degradability of the P-(CM-β-CD/HPCS/KHA/AC) hydrogel were tested. After five cycles of adsorption–desorption experiments, the removal rate was 50.57%. After degradation for 6 months, the weight loss rates of the P-(CM-β-CD/HPCS/KHA/AC) hydrogel in acid, water, and alkali were 45.29%, 24.90%, and 29.50%, respectively, indicating the environment-friendly nature and repeated recyclability of the hydrogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The H9N2 subtype of the avian influenza virus (AIV) is one of the main subtypes of low pathogenic AIV, and it seriously affects the poultry breeding industry. Currently, vaccination is still one of China’s main strategies for controlling H9N2 avian influenza. In this study, we selected MW548848.1 on the current popular main branch h9.4.2.5 as the reference strain, and we optimized the amino acid sequence of HA1 to make it suitable for expression in Bacillus subtilis. The B. subtilis expression vector showed good safety and stress resistance; therefore, this study constructed a recombinant B. subtilis expressing H9N2 HA1 protein and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice. The following results were obtained: the sIgA level of HA1 protein in small intestine fluid and the IgG level of PHT43-HA1/B. subtilis in serum were significantly improved (P < 0.01); PHT43-HA1/B. subtilis can cause a special immune response in mice; and cytokine detection interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (P < 0.05) and Interleukin 2 (IL-2) (P < 0.01) expressions significantly increased. Additionally, the study found that PHT43-HA1/B. subtilis can alleviate the attack of H9N2 AIV in the spleen, lungs, and small intestine of mice. This study was the first to use an oral recombinant B. subtilis-HA1 vaccine candidate, and it provides theoretical data and technical reference for the creation of a new live vector vaccine against H9N2 AIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]