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933 results on '"Chadwick, L."'

401. Neuron absorption study and mid-IR optical excitations

Author

Guo, Dingkai, primary, Chen, Xing, additional, Vadala, Shilpa, additional, Leach, Jennie, additional, Kostov, Yordan, additional, Bewley, William W., additional, Kim, Chul-Soo, additional, Kim, Mijin, additional, Canedy, Chadwick L., additional, Merritt, Charles D., additional, Vurgaftman, Igor, additional, Meyer, Jerry R., additional, and Choa, Fow-Sen, additional

Published
2012
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403. ENDARTERECTOMY FOR ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID-ARTERY STENOSIS

Author

WALKER, M, MARLER, J, GOLDSTEIN, M, GRADY, P, TOOLE, J, BAKER, W, CASTALDO, J, CHAMBLESS, L, MOORE, W, ROBERTSON, J, YOUNG, B, HOWARD, V, PURVIS, S, VERNON, D, NEEDHAM, K, BECK, P, DOZIER, M, LEFKOWITZ, D, HOWARD, G, CROUSE, J, HERRINGTON, D, FURBERG, C, ESSICK, K, HICKS, R, NELSON, J, BALL, W, BLAND, E, CONDON, S, ELLIOTT, T, GRIZZLE, J, HAYES, D, HENLEY, S, JOHNSON, J, LOCKLEAR, J, MISCH, M, PATON, C, SCHWARTZ, S, WALKER, C, WILLIAMS, O, EASTON, J, GOLDSTONE, J, HALLENBECK, J, HOFF, J, KARP, H, KRONMAL, R, BROTT, T, TOMSICK, T, BRODERICK, J, SAUERBECK, L, BLUM, C, DYKEN, M, BRUST, J, DICK, A, GOTSHALL, R, HEYMAN, A, SWANSON, P, ADAMS, H, DEMPSEY, R, ERNST, C, ROTHROCK, J, COHEN, S, NICHOLAS, G, LONGENECKER, J, BARBOUR, P, BERGER, A, CELANI, V, ECKERT, N, GOODREAU, J, HUTCHINSON, J, JENNY, D, LIN, Z, MCDONALD, K, PISTONE, W, RAEGRANT, A, REDENBAUGH, J, REX, J, WOHLBERG, C, KARANJIA, P, SWANSON, M, LOBNER, S, KOLTS, R, KUEHNER, M, HINER, B, MADDEN, K, CARLSON, R, DAVIS, J, GALLANT, T, WARNER, J, FAUST, A, FRYZA, N, HASENAUER, J, REGNER, M, RONKIN, L, SCHAEFER, S, STRACK, D, TURNER, L, WALGENBACH, A, GRAVES, J, MICHALSKI, S, SCHUETTE, L, MOHR, J, TATEMICHI, T, MARSHALL, R, MAST, H, RAMOS, O, CORRELL, J, LIBMAN, R, PETTY, G, CABRERE, A, OROPEZA, L, GONZALEZ, T, PETTIGREW, C, SADLER, R, ENDEAN, E, SHERROW, J, HAUER, M, LEE, C, NORTON, J, MCQUILLEN, M, MATTINGLY, S, DEKOSKY, S, MASSEY, A, SIMARD, D, TURCOTTE, J, BENGUIGUI, C, COTE, J, BOUCHARD, J, ROBERGE, C, BRUNET, D, BEDARD, F, LANGELIER, R, LAJEUNESSE, M, BIGAOUETTE, J, PARENT, J, LYDEN, P, HYE, R, LEWIS, S, CALI, G, BABCOCK, T, TAFTALVAREZ, B, BRODY, M, ZWEIFLER, R, SEDWITZ, M, STABILE, B, FREISCHLAG, J, WOLF, Y, SIVO, J, FORSYTHE, J, ADAME, M, GUPTA, S, BURKE, K, GREISLER, H, LITTOOY, F, KELLY, M, PULSINELLI, W, CAMPBELL, J, CROCKARELL, J, WATRIDGE, C, ACKER, J, ERKULWATER, S, JACEWICZ, M, WALKER, G, OSULLIVAN, P, SAUER, C, VASU, K, GAINES, K, BAKHITIAN, B, BERTORINI, T, BENNETT, S, THOMAS, T, STAHL, N, TAYLOR, C, GIAMPAPA, M, CONNELL, J, RILEY, J, BRADLEY, A, NEWMAN, K, MANNING, R, MCCREA, M, HACHINSKI, V, FERGUSON, G, MAYER, C, BARNETT, J, PEERLESS, S, BUCHAN, A, REICHMAN, H, KERTESZ, A, LOWNIE, S, WHITE, C, FOX, A, RANKIN, R, SPENCE, J, BARR, H, PADDOCKELIASZIW, L, ASSIS, L, PEXMAN, J, DICICCO, M, TATE, B, JAMES, C, RAKER, E, COATSWORTH, J, HARRIS, S, BEEBE, H, BIRCHFIELD, R, BUTLERLEVY, K, CRANE, R, FRYER, D, MACLEAN, J, PATTERSON, L, QUIGLEY, T, RAVITS, J, TAYLOR, L, PULLEN, S, BOSWELL, S, KENNY, K, ROEDERSHEIMER, L, FOWL, R, TEW, J, KEMPCZINSKI, R, REED, R, WELLING, R, SCHOMAKER, B, MCWHORTER, J, BRANCH, C, SATTERFIELD, J, CORDELL, R, DEAN, R, PLONK, G, HARPOLD, G, WALKER, F, NUNN, C, MYERS, L, TEGELER, C, HARDIN, S, MEADS, D, LOFTUS, C, VINING, L, BENDIXEN, B, BILLER, J, CORSON, J, DAVIS, P, GODERSKY, J, GORDON, D, JACOBY, M, KAPPELLE, L, KRESOWIK, T, MARSH, E, LOVE, B, SHAMMA, A, GRIMSMAN, K, KARBOSKI, D, MILLER, E, JOHNSON, C, JONES, C, STONE, B, MAGUIRE, M, EARLEY, C, KAPLAN, P, CAVALUZZI, J, WATERS, G, CHACHICH, B, AUER, A, LOGAN, W, WILCOX, M, GREEN, B, HURLEY, J, PENNELL, R, WOODS, J, LEVINE, R, NEPUTE, J, THOMASSON, J, BLACKBURN, C, FOLDES, M, KLEMP, K, NAPPIER, B, RUTHERFORD, K, SCHROER, S, HOGAN, J, THORPE, L, FEINBERG, W, HUNTER, G, BRUCK, D, BERNHARD, V, MCINTYRE, K, CARTER, L, LABADIE, E, JOHNSON, D, MOSCHONAS, C, HAMILTON, R, FORRER, S, SEEGER, J, CARMODY, R, VOLD, B, LAGUNA, J, KRIKAWA, J, DEVINE, J, CASTRILLO, A, KISTLER, S, LEDBETTER, B, DORR, K, SMITH, R, HAERER, A, BROWN, R, RUSSELL, W, RIGDON, E, RHODES, R, SMITH, E, GRAEBER, M, DOORENBOS, D, SUBRAMONY, S, ATNIP, R, BRENNAN, R, FRIEDMAN, D, NEUMYER, M, THIELE, B, SMITH, F, BARR, J, DUCKROW, R, JANESKY, C, MEILSTRUP, J, MCNAMARA, K, RODICHOK, L, STEWART, L, SULLIVAN, M, WENGROVITZ, M, CLAGETT, G, UNWIN, H, BRYAN, W, MATKINS, C, PATTERSON, C, ALWAY, C, BOYD, P, INMAN, M, ALBISTON, C, SCOGGINS, E, SWILLING, J, WALDEN, K, AHN, S, AMOS, E, BAKER, J, DOBKIN, B, DONAYRE, C, GELABERT, H, JORDAN, S, MACHLEDER, H, QUINONESBALDRICH, W, SAVER, J, ELSADEN, S, HOLGATE, R, JABOUR, B, JACOBS, J, ABRAHAM, T, VESCERA, C, VONRAJCS, J, CARTER, V, CARTER, D, DIXGOSS, D, HERNANDEZ, E, COULL, B, LOBOA, L, MONETA, G, PORTER, J, YEAGER, R, WHITTAKER, L, BRASS, L, GUSBERG, R, LOVEJOY, A, FAYAD, P, SUMPIO, B, MEIER, G, CHANG, V, MARZITELLI, K, CHYATTE, D, HAMMERS, L, LEPORE, F, PAVALKIS, F, MELE, J, KISIEL, D, BARNES, R, CHESSER, M, ARCHER, R, THOMPSON, B, MACDONALD, C, BARONE, G, EIDT, J, HARSHFIELD, D, MCFARLAND, D, NICKOLS, J, HOWARD, C, NIX, M, OVERSTREET, J, TROILLETT, R, TAYLOR, J, LEE, H, AKINS, P, HARBISON, J, PRIDGEON, R, FELTON, W, POSNER, M, SOBEL, M, CLIFTON, G, CONWAY, C, COCKRELL, A, STRINGER, W, WINGO, J, NICHOLS, B, SMOKER, W, FISHER, R, SPETZLER, R, FREY, J, ZABRAMSKI, J, HUNSLEY, S, JAHNKE, H, PLENGE, K, HOLLAND, R, TURNER, R, STRAVA, D, STUMPFF, S, HODAK, J, FLOM, R, DEAN, B, THOMPSON, R, HUGHES, R, LEPLER, B, BOWEN, J, BENOIT, C, HOLLIER, L, OCHSNER, J, STRUB, R, LANG, V, CAHANIN, V, HOBSON, R, WEISBROT, F, KAMIN, S, BACK, T, JAMIL, Z, ROGERS, C, LAINSON, B, HART, L, CAPLAN, L, ODONNELL, T, BARRON, L, PESSIN, M, DEWITT, D, MACKEY, W, BELKIN, M, MCGLAUGHLIN, R, HEGGERICK, P, WELCH, K, WILCZEWSKI, J, ROBERTSON, W, DALEY, S, ELLIOT, J, REDDY, D, SHEPHARD, A, LEVINE, S, RAMADAN, N, TIETJEN, G, MITSIAS, P, GORMAN, M, MCPHARLIN, M, PATEL, S, DEVESHWAR, R, LEE, N, KOKKINOS, J, WEINSTEIN, E, KUNKEL, J, KRATOCHVIL, A, JOHNSON, E, STEEL, S, NORRIS, J, ROWED, D, BOWYER, B, GAWEL, M, COOPER, P, BRODIE, D, KIRKLAND, J, SCHECTER, J, FARRAR, N, CAPPS, R, RHODES, E, ROGERS, D, GLASS, J, NAGUSZEWSKI, R, NAGUSZEWSKI, W, MADDOX, B, DOLLISON, B, MOULTON, L, COLE, P, KINSELLA, P, ANSLEY, A, BRITZ, N, BIVINS, D, WILLIAMS, E, DAVIDSON, J, ELIAS, W, ATKINS, D, TURNER, P, BURCH, J, NOLAN, D, SPEESE, R, FOLEY, C, MILLETTE, T, LANE, K, ALMOND, C, MESTAYER, R, CALANCHINI, P, SZARNICKI, R, RADOSEVICH, P, ELIAS, L, MCCORMICK, P, GOULD, C, NORRIS, F, DENYS, E, BERNSTEIN, R, DUBONO, D, ATKINSON, K, PETERS, M, COHEN, B, YAO, J, ROSTON, S, BLACKBURN, D, CHADWICK, L, MCCARTHY, W, PEARCE, W, FRANK, J, FERNANDEZBEER, E, PATRICK, J, GREEN, R, SATRAN, R, RICOTTA, J, DEWEESE, J, HOLLANDER, J, OBRIEN, M, MCNAMARA, J, ROSE, S, COHEN, D, FURLAN, A, LITTLE, J, BRYERTON, B, SILA, C, AWAD, I, CHIMOWITZ, M, ROBERTSON, S, BECKER, C, PAUSHTER, D, OLEARY, D, JONES, A, GEE, W, SHEBEL, N, FISHER, M, SCHENK, E, FUTRELL, N, MILLIKAN, C, DIENER, H, FIELDS, W, FOLSTEIN, M, GAUTIER, J, HARRISON, M, HASS, W, HENNERICI, M, SPENCER, M, and VONREUTERN, G

Published
1995

404. Biological Evaluation of a Fluorescent-Imaging Agent for Medullary Thyroid Cancer in an Orthotopic Model.

Author

Rossfeld, Kara K, Justiniano, Steven E, Ding, Haiming, Gong, Li, Kothandaraman, Shankaran, Sawant, Dwitiya, Saji, Motoyasu, Wright, Chadwick L, Kirschner, Lawrence S, Ringel, Matthew D, Tweedle, Michael F, and Phay, John E

Abstract

The primary and definitive treatment of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is surgical resection. Recurrent or residual disease is typically a result of incomplete surgical removal.

Published
2017
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406. Advancing Precision Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Lymphoma

Author

Wright, Chadwick L., Maly, Joseph J., Zhang, Jun, and Knopp, Michael V.

Abstract

PET with fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 (18F FDG-PET) is a meaningful biomarker for the detection, targeted biopsy, and treatment of lymphoma. This article reviews the evolution of 18F FDG-PET as a putative biomarker for lymphoma and addresses the current capabilities, challenges, and opportunities to enable precision medicine practices for lymphoma. Precision nuclear medicine is driven by new imaging technologies and methodologies to more accurately detect malignant disease. Although quantitative assessment of response is limited, such technologies will enable a more precise metabolic mapping with much higher definition image detail and thus may make it a robust and valid quantitative response assessment methodology.

Published
2017
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407. Mid-IR Type-II Interband Cascade Lasers

Author

Vurgaftman, Igor, primary, Bewley, William W., additional, Canedy, Chadwick L., additional, Kim, Chul Soo, additional, Kim, Mijin, additional, Ryan Lindle, J., additional, Merritt, Charles D., additional, Abell, Joshua, additional, and Meyer, Jerry R., additional

Published
2011
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410. HIGH-PERFORMANCE INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS FOR λ = 3-4.5 μ<font>m</font>

Author

James R. Lindle, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Kim, Chadwick L. Canedy, J. Abell, Jerry R. Meyer, William W. Bewley, and Igor Vurgaftman

Subjects
Range (particle radiation), Materials science, Auger effect, business.industry, Interband cascade laser, Grating, Laser, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Optics, Hardware and Architecture, law, Cascade, symbols, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photolithography, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract

We discuss the single-mode performance characteristics of midwave-infrared interband cascade lasers. Broad-area devices with 5 active stages display pulsed threshold current densities as low as 375 A/cm2 and threshold power densities as low as 920 W/cm2 at room temperature, owing in part to the suppression of Auger recombination. Narrow ridges were processed using optical lithography to incorporate a periodically-corrugated pattern into the sidewalls. The corrugations are intended to suppress lasing in higher-order lateral modes, and also provide a 4th-order grating for distributed feedback. A corrugated-sidewall device operating at T = -20° C produced more than 46 mW of cw output in a single spectral mode, with a peak wallplug efficiency of 7.6%. The device maintains single-mode operation at current densities up to 10 times the lasing threshold, and the single-mode tuning range is 26 nm if both current and temperature are varied. Another device operating at -23°C produces up to 31 mW of single-mode power in the 3.3142-3.3164 μm range that spans several of the strongest absorption signature lines for methane.

Published
2012
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414. Widely Tunable External Cavity Interband Cascade Laser for Spectroscopic Applications

Author

Tsai, Tracy R., primary, Trofimov, Igor, additional, Heaps, Charles W., additional, Maiorov, Mikhail, additional, Zeidel, Vladimir, additional, Kim, Chul Soo, additional, Kim, Mijin, additional, Canedy, Chadwick L., additional, Bewley, William W., additional, Lindle, J. Ryan, additional, Vurgaftman, Igor, additional, Meyer, Jerry R., additional, and Wysocki, Gerard, additional

Published
2010
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417. Analysis and performance of type-II superlattice infrared detectors

Author

Igor Vurgaftman, Eric M. Jackson, Jerry R. Meyer, Allan J. Evans, Jill A. Nolde, Edward H. Aifer, Chadwick L. Canedy, Chaffra A. Affouda, William E. Tennant, and Andrew Hood

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Infrared, Superlattice, General Engineering, Photodetector, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photodiode, law.invention, Auger, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, Mercury cadmium telluride, business, Dark current
Abstract

We discuss the current performance of long-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on type-II superlattices, and the projected characteristics for diffusion-limited operation. For optimized architectures such as graded-gap and abrupt-heterojunction designs, the dark currents are strongly dominated by Shockley-Read (SR) rather than Auger processes. A factor of 10 improvement over the demonstrated SR lifetimes would lead to a factor of 4 lower dark current than state-of-the-art HgCdTe devices.

Published
2011
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421. Ridge-width dependence of midinfrared interband cascade laser characteristics

Author

Igor Vurgaftman, Mijin Kim, Chul Soo Kim, Chadwick L. Canedy, Jerry R. Meyer, William W. Bewley, J. Ryan Lindle, and Joshua Abell

Subjects
geography, Facet (geometry), geography.geographical_feature_category, Materials science, business.industry, Slope efficiency, General Engineering, Interband cascade laser, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Optics, Ridge, Cascade, law, Optoelectronics, business, Quantum well
Abstract

We report an experimental study of how the light-current characteristics and lateral mode properties of interband cascade lasers depend on ridge width. Narrower ridges provide greater heat dissipation due to lateral flow, along with operation in a single lateral mode. However,sidewall imperfections increase the cw threshold current density somewhat, from Jth = 582 A/cm2 at 300 K for an 11-µm-wide ridge to 713 A/cm2 and 1.07 kA/cm2 for 5- and 3-µm-wide ridges, respectively. The narrowest ridges similarly display a degradation of the slope efficiency. A 13-µm- wide ridge produced 45 mW per facet of cw output power and maximum wall-plug efficiency of 3.5% per facet at T = 20°C. A 5-µm-wide ridge with 3-mm cavity length and no facet coatings operated cw at = 3.5-µm to a new record temperature of 345 K for the 3 to 4-µm spectral range.

Published
2010
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425. Methane Measurements with Interband Cascade Lasers

Author

Hovde, Chris, primary, Oh, Daniel B., additional, Zondlo, Mark A., additional, Kim, Chul Soo, additional, Kim, Mijin, additional, Bewley, William, additional, Canedy, Chadwick L., additional, Vurgaftman, Igor, additional, Meyer, Jerry R., additional, Jones, S. Gregory, additional, Schmidt, Titania A. R., additional, and Suzuki, Kenneth M., additional

Published
2008
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426. Botulinum Neurotoxin A and Neurotoxin E Cleavage Products of Synaptosome-Associated Protein of 25 kd Exhibit Distinct Actions on Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Kv2.1 Channel Gating

Author

He, Yan, primary, Elias, Chadwick L., additional, Huang, Ya-Chi, additional, Gao, Xiaodong, additional, Leung, Yuk-Man, additional, Kang, Youhou, additional, Xie, Huanli, additional, Chaddock, John A., additional, Tsushima, Robert G., additional, and Gaisano, Herbert Y., additional

Published
2008
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427. Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers operating at ambient temperatures

Author

Chadwick L. Canedy, Igor Vurgaftman, Mijin Kim, William W. Bewley, Jerry R. Meyer, J. Abell, James R. Lindle, and Chul Soo Kim

Subjects
Physics, geography, Fabrication, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Spectral bands, Laser, Auger, law.invention, Semiconductor, Optics, Operating temperature, Cascade, law, Ridge, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

We discuss the state-of-the-art performance of interband cascade lasers emitting in the 3?5??m spectral band. Broad-area devices with five active stages display pulsed threshold current densities as low as 400?A?cm?2 at room temperature. Auger decay rates are extracted from the analysis of threshold current densities and differential slope efficiencies of nearly 30 lasers, and found to be significantly lower than was anticipated based on prior information. New designs also produce ICLs with room-temperature internal losses as low as ?6?cm?1. The combination of these advances with improvements to the processing of narrow ridges has led to the fabrication of a 4.4-?m-wide ridge emitting at 3.7??m that lased to 335?K in continuous mode. This is the highest continuous-wave (cw) operating temperature for any semiconductor laser in the 3.0?4.6??m spectral range. A 10-?m-wide ridge with high-reflection and anti-reflection facet coatings produced up to 59?mW of cw power at 298?K, and displayed a maximum wall-plug efficiency of 3.4%.

Published
2009
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431. Toward precision measurements of methane with interband cascade lasers

Author

Hovde, Chris, primary, Oh, Daniel B., additional, Zondlo, Mark A., additional, Soo Kim, Chul, additional, Kim, Mijin, additional, Bewley, William, additional, Canedy, Chadwick L., additional, Vurgaftman, Igor, additional, Meyer, Jerry R., additional, Jones, S. Gregory, additional, Schmidt, Titania A. R., additional, and Suzuki, Kenneth M., additional

Published
2007
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434. Feasibility of a multimodal 18F-FDG-directed lymph node surgical excisional biopsy approach for appropriate diagnostic tissue sampling in patients with suspected lymphoma.

Author

Povoski, Stephen P., Hall, Nathan C., Murrey Jr., Douglas A., Wright, Chadwick L., and Martin Jr., Edward W.

Subjects
LYMPH node surgery, SURGICAL excision, TISSUE engineering, LYMPHOMAS, RETROPERITONEUM, FEASIBILITY studies, PATIENTS
Abstract

Background: 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging is widely utilized in the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected or documented lymphoma. The aim was to describe our cumulative experience with a multimodal 18F-FDG-directed lymph node surgical excisional biopsy approach in patients with suspected lymphoma. Methods: Thirteen patients (mean age 51 (±16;22-76) years), with suspected new or suspected recurrent lymphoma suggested by 18F-FDG-avid lesions seen on prior diagnostic whole-body PET/CT imaging, were injected IV with 18F-FDG prior to undergoing same-day diagnostic lymph node surgical excisional biopsy in the operating room. Various 18F-FDG detection strategies were used on the day of surgery, including, (1) same-day pre-resection patient PET/CT; (2) intraoperative gamma probe assessment; (3) clinical scanner specimen PET/CT imaging of whole surgically excised tissue specimens; (4) specimen gamma well counts; and/or (5) same-day post-resection patient PET/CT. Results: Same-day 18F-FDG injection dose was 14.8 (±2.4;12.5-20.6) millicuries or 548 (±89;463-762) megabecquerels. Sites of 18F-FDG-avid lesions were 4 inguinal, 3 cervical, 3 abdominal/retroperitoneal, 2 axillary, and 1 gluteal region subcutaneous tissue. Same-day pre-resection patient PET/CT was performed on 6 patients. Intraoperative gamma probe assessment was performed on 13 patients. Clinical scanner PET/CT imaging of whole surgically excised tissue specimens was performed in 10 cases. Specimen gamma well counts were performed in 6 cases. Same-day post-resection patient PET/CT imaging was performed on 8 patients. Time from 18F-FDG injection to same-day pre-resection patient PET/CT, intraoperative gamma probe assessment, and same-day post-resection patient PET/CT were 76 (±8;64-84), 240 (±63;168-304), and 487 (±104;331-599) minutes, respectively. Time from 18F-FDG injection to clinical scanner PET/CT of whole surgically excised tissue specimens was 363 (±60;272-446) minutes. Time from 18F-FDG injection to specimen gamma well counts was 591 (±96;420-689) minutes. Intraoperative gamma probe assessment successfully identified 18F-FDG-avid lesions in 12/13 patients. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed lymphoma in 12/13 patients and benign disease in 1/13 patients. Conclusions: A multimodal approach to 18F-FDG-directed lymph node surgical excisional biopsy for suspected lymphoma is technically feasible for guiding appropriate diagnostic tissue sampling of lymph nodes seen as 18F-FDG-avid lesions on diagnostic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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435. Lifetimes and Auger coefficients in type-II W interband cascade lasers

Author

William W. Bewley, Igor Vurgaftman, James R. Lindle, Chul Soo Kim, Jerry R. Meyer, Mijin Kim, and Chadwick L. Canedy

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Auger effect, Chemistry, Carrier lifetime, Laser, Semiconductor laser theory, Auger, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Wavelength, Cascade, law, symbols, Atomic physics, Current density
Abstract

Lifetimes and Auger coefficients for type-II W interband cascade lasers are deduced from correlations of the experimental threshold current densities and slope efficiencies with calculated threshold carrier densities and optical gains. The room-temperature Auger coefficients for a number of low-threshold devices emitting at wavelengths from 2.9 to 4.1 μm fall in the narrow range of (3–5)×10−28 cm6/s, which represents a much stronger suppression of Auger decay than was implied by most earlier experiments and theoretical projections. The Auger coefficient is nearly independent of the thicknesses and compositions of the layers in the W active region.

Published
2008
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439. Gain, loss, and internal efficiency in interband cascade lasers emitting at λ=3.6–4.1μm

Author

William W. Bewley, Chadwick L. Canedy, James R. Lindle, Chul Soo Kim, Jerry R. Meyer, Igor Vurgaftman, D. C. Larrabee, and Mijin Kim

Subjects
Active laser medium, Materials science, business.industry, Gain, General Physics and Astronomy, Laser pumping, Interband cascade laser, Self-pulsation, Round-trip gain, law.invention, law, Optoelectronics, Semiconductor optical gain, Laser power scaling, business
Abstract

We employ a cavity-length study to determine the temperature variation of the internal loss and gain per unit current density in a ten-stage interband cascade laser that operated cw up to 269K with an emission wavelength of 4.05μm. The characteristic temperature for the gain per unit current density is 39K, which is slightly lower than T0 of the threshold current and is consistent with dominance by Auger recombination. The internal loss for the 150-μm-wide mesa devices increased from 11cm−1 at 78Kto28cm−1 at 275K.

Published
2008
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440. High-power, narrow-ridge, mid-infrared interband cascade lasers

Author

Chul Soo Kim, D.C. Larrabee, William W. Bewley, Jerry R. Meyer, Igor Vurgaftman, Chadwick L. Canedy, Jill A. Nolde, and Mijin Kim

Subjects
Diffraction, geography, Materials science, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemistry, business.industry, Superlattice, Interband cascade laser, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Optics, Operating temperature, law, Ridge, Cascade, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Current density, Quantum well, Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract

Two ten-stage interband cascade laser structures were grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. The wafers were processed into both broad-area ridges for threshold characterization and Au-electroplated narrow ridges for high-temperature cw operation. Pulsed threshold current densities in the broad-area devices were as low as 3.8 A/cm2 at 78 K and 590 A/cm2 at 300 K. An 11-μm-wide ridge exhibited a new maximum cw operating temperature of 288 K at λ=4.1 μm. An even longer-wavelength device emitted at 5.1 μm with a maximum cw operating temperature of 229 K.

Published
2008
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444. Interband cascade laser operating to 269 K at =4.05 [micro sign]m

Author

James R. Lindle, Chul Soo Kim, Jerry R. Meyer, Jill A. Nolde, Igor Vurgaftman, William W. Bewley, Chadwick L. Canedy, and Mijin Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Threshold current, Ridge waveguides, business.industry, Interband cascade laser, Lambda, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Electroplating, Current density
Abstract

A ten-stage interband cascade laser with 13 mum-wide, 4 mm-long ridge waveguide and Au electroplating for improved epitaxial-side-up heatsinking operates CW to a temperature of 269 K, where the emission wavelength is 4.05 mum. Maximum CW output powers are 130 mW at 78 K, 58 mW at 200 K, and 9 mW at 260 K, and the threshold current density at T=260 K is 660 A/cm 2

Published
2007
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445. Graded band gap for dark-current suppression in long-wave infrared W-structured type-II superlattice photodiodes

Author

Eric M. Jackson, G. J. Sullivan, Jerry R. Meyer, Igor Vurgaftman, Edward H. Aifer, Chadwick L. Canedy, Joseph G. Tischler, Jeffrey H. Warner, and G. Hildebrandt

Subjects
Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Band gap, Superlattice, Photoresistor, Photodetector, law.invention, Photodiode, Optics, Depletion region, law, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business, Dark current
Abstract

A new W-structured type-II superlattice photodiode design, with graded band gap in the depletion region, is shown to strongly suppress dark currents due to tunneling and generation-recombination processes. The long-wave infrared (LWIR) devices display 19%–29% quantum efficiency and substantially reduced dark currents. The median dynamic impedance-area product of 216Ωcm2 for 33 devices with 10.5μm cutoff at 78K is comparable to that for state-of-the-art HgCdTe-based photodiodes. The sidewall resistivity of ≈70kΩcm for untreated mesas is also considerably higher than previous reports for passivated or unpassivated type-II LWIR photodiodes, apparently indicating self-passivation by the graded band gap.

Published
2006
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446. W-structured type-II superlattice long-wave infrared photodiodes with high quantum efficiency

Author

Igor Vurgaftman, Lloyd J. Whitman, Edward H. Aifer, Jeffrey H. Warner, Chadwick L. Canedy, Joseph G. Tischler, Eric M. Jackson, Jerry R. Meyer, J. C. Kim, and William W. Bewley

Subjects
Electron mobility, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Superlattice, Photoresistor, PIN diode, Electron, law.invention, Photodiode, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business, Quantum
Abstract

Results are presented for an enhanced type-II W-structured superlattice (WSL) photodiode with an 11.3μm cutoff and 34% external quantum efficiency (at 8.6μm) operating at 80K. The new WSL design employs quaternary Al0.4Ga0.49In0.11Sb barrier layers to improve collection efficiency by increasing minority-carrier mobility. By fitting the quantum efficiencies of a series of p-i-n WSL photodiodes with background-doped i-region thicknesses varying from 1to4μm, the authors determine that the minority-carrier electron diffusion length is 3.5μm. The structures were grown on semitransparent n-GaSb substrates that contributed a 35%–55% gain in quantum efficiency from multiple internal reflections.

Published
2006
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447. High-power and high-efficiency midwave-infrared interband cascade lasers

Author

William W. Bewley, Igor Vurgaftman, James R. Lindle, Jerry R. Meyer, Chul Soo Kim, Chadwick L. Canedy, and Mijin Kim

Subjects
Distributed feedback laser, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Interband cascade laser, Injection seeder, Laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, Optics, law, Cascade, Optoelectronics, Laser power scaling, business
Abstract

A ten-stage interband cascade laser emitting at 3.3–3.6μm exhibits a voltage drop only 4% above the theoretical minimum, and operates to room temperature in pulsed mode. At 78K, a five-stage device mounted epitaxial-side-up with coated facets has a maximum cw wallplug efficiency of 21%, and a second device produces up to 1.1W of cw power.

Published
2006
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448. Narrow-ridge interband cascade laser emitting high CW power

Author

Chadwick L. Canedy, William W. Bewley, Chul Soo Kim, Mijin Kim, Jerry R. Meyer, Jill A. Nolde, Igor Vurgaftman, and D.C. Larrabee

Subjects
Diffraction, Facet (geometry), Materials science, business.industry, Interband cascade laser, Heat sink, law.invention, Power (physics), Optics, Operating temperature, law, Ridge (meteorology), Optoelectronics, Laser beam quality, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

A five-stage interband cascade laser with ridge width 22 µm and Au electro-plating for improved epitaxial-side-up heatsinking emits >260 mW per facet for CW operation at 80 K (λ=3.4 µm) and 100 mW at 200 K (λ=3.6 µm). The maximum CW operating temperature is 250 K, and the beam quality for a sister device without Au electro-plating is 1.5–3.8 times the diffraction limit.

Published
2006
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