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The latent class structure of autism symptoms from the time of diagnosis to age 6 years was examined in a sample of 280 children with autism spectrum disorder. Factor mixture modeling was performed on 26 algorithm items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised at diagnosis (Time 1) and again at age 6 (Time 2). At Time 1, a '2-factor/3-class' model provided the best fit to the data. At Time 2, a '2-factor/2-class' model provided the best fit to the data. Longitudinal (repeated measures) analysis of variance showed that the '2-factor/3-class' model derived at the time of diagnosis allows for the identification of a subgroup of children (9 % of sample) who exhibit notable reduction in symptom severity. Keywords Autism symptoms * Classification * Phenotypic heterogeneity, Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder (Geschwind 2011; Rutter 2012; Wiggins et al. 2011). The DSM-IV and DSM IV-TR [American Psychiatric Association (APA) 1994, 2000] [...]

Examined the impact of family home ownership on the emotional and behavioral problems of children 4 to 16 years old. Found that home ownership was inversely associated with ratings of emotional-behavioral problems. The concentration of home ownership in neighborhoods was not associated with ratings of child behavior. (JPB)

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to: i) examine differences in body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight/obesity between immigrant versus non-immigrant youth aged 12-19 years, and ii) identify the extent to which lifestyle and socio-demographic factors account for between-group differences. METHODS: Data for analyses come from combining repeated, cross-sectional surveys of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) conducted between 2000 and 2008. The sample for analyses included 63,509 youth aged 12 to 19 years (mean 15.2, SD 2.3 years) with self-reported weight and height. Immigrant youth composed 6.4% of this sample. Multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses were used to address the study objectives. RESULTS: Approximately 22% of non-immigrant youth were overweight/obese, compared to 18% of immigrant youth (p CONCLUSION: Even after adjusting for lifestyle and socio-demographic factors, immigrant youth have a lower level of overweight/obesity and a lower zBMI, compared to non-immigrant youth. Further, for immigrant youth zBMI increases with time spent in Canada, which highlights an opportunity for primary preventative strategies for obesity aimed at newcomers to Canada. KEY WORDS: Overweight; obesity; immigrant; youth; body mass index OBJECTIFS: Les objectifs de cette etude sont: i) d'examiner les differences dans l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et la prevalence du surpoids/de l'obesite entre les jeunes de 12 a 19 ans immigrants et non immigrants et ii) de determiner la mesure dans laquelle le mode de vie et les facteurs sociodemographiques expliquent les differences entre ces groupes. METHODE: Les donnees d'analyse ont ete obtenues en combinant les enquetes transversales repetees de l'Enquete sur la sante dans les collectivites canadiennes (ESCC) menees entre 2000 et 2008. L'echantillon d'analyse comprenait 63 509 jeunes de 12 a 19 ans (moyenne 15,2, deviation sensible [DS] 2,3 ans) ayant declare leur poids et leur taille. Les jeunes immigrants composaient 6,4% de cet echantillon. Des analyses multiniveaux lineaires et des analyses de regression logistique ont servi a aborder les objectifs de l'etude. RESULTATS: Environ 22% des jeunes non immigrants etaient en surpoids ou obeses, contre 18% des jeunes immigrants (p CONCLUSION: Meme apres un rajustement des donnees pour tenir compte du mode de vie et des facteurs sociodemographiques, les jeunes immigrants ont un moindre niveau de surpoids/d'obesite et un score-z de l'IMC inferieur a celui des jeunes non immigrants. De plus, pour les jeunes immigrants, le score-z de l'IMC augmente avec le temps passe au Canada, ce qui presente la possibilite de mener des strategies de prevention primaire de l'obesite axees sur les nouveaux arrivants au Canada. MOTS CLES: surpoids; obesite; immigrants; jeunes; indice de masse corporelle, Over the past two decades, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has steadily risen around the world. (1-3) In Canada, the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity has risen from 15% [...]

A pair of anti-segregation marches held in Georgia in 1987 provides an opportunity for historical analysis of the role of race in mainstream news coverage of social protest. These protests were somewhat unique in that both anti-segregation marchers and counter-protesters – including KKK members – were on hand for both marches. Analysis of newspaper articles shows that coverage tended to give more space to White counter-protesters than Black protesters, did little to discuss the reasons behind the marches, and cast the primarily Black anti-segregation marchers as outsiders. This reinforces central themes of the protest paradigm – whereby groups that threaten the status quo are treated more critically. Perhaps most importantly, the findings also reinforce patterns of research demonstrating a disparity in news treatment between Black protesters and White counter-protesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To create a psychometrically sound scale that measures different levels of internalized stigma (i.e., self-stigma) among adults who stutter and to analyze factor structure, reliability, and initial construct validity of the scale. Method: Two-hundred ninety-one adults who stutter were recruited from Board Recognized Specialists in Fluency Disorders and the National Stuttering Association. Participants completed a web-based survey including an experimental scale called the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S), designed to measure different levels of self-stigma in people who stutter, along with a series of established measures of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction. Results: The experimental scale demonstrated adequate reliability in internal consistency and temporal stability. Factor analysis revealed underlying components supportive of a multidimensional model of stigma. Stigma self-concurrence and, to a lesser extent, stereotype agreement and stigma awareness were negatively correlated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction, supporting initial construct validity of the scale. Conclusion: Speech-language pathologists can identify the presence of self-stigma in their adult clients who stutter and help them to alter these beliefs. The 4S can be a means for researchers and clinicians to achieve these goals. Key Words: stuttering, stigma, assessment, stereotypes, psychosocial issues, fluency disorders, psychosocial issues, The physical and motoric aspects of stuttering include involuntary speech disruptions that can make oral communication challenging and frustrating. In addition to the more visible physical aspects of stuttering, social, [...]