Search

Background: Despite a significant declined in malaria incidence in Thailand, the rising global travel has resulted in an increase of imported malaria cases, posing a threat to the goal of malaria elimination. This study aims to understand the epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of imported malaria cases in Thailand., Methods: Medical records of all imported malaria cases admitted from 1 st January 2013 to 31 st December 2022 at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Thailand, were retrospectively examined. Demographic data, travel details, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes were described. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with severe disease outcomes., Results: In total, 335 cases of imported malaria were identified, with 33 % classified as transnational malaria and 67 % as border malaria. Transnational malaria cases (79 % P. falciparum) were mostly acquired from Sub-Saharan Africa for business or visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). Border malaria cases (81 % P. vivax) involved unskilled labourers and were acquired from land-border countries. The proportion of imported malaria in business travelers increased from 13 % to 50 % over the ten years. Risk factors for severe imported malaria included male gender, age 40 and older, infection with P. falciparum, and acquired malaria from Africa., Conclusions: Understanding unique demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in both border and transnational cases is crucial for effective malaria prevention. The increasing imported malaria among business travelers highlight the need for targeted prevention in this high-risk group., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Wasin Matsee reports financial support was provided by Mahidol University Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Wasin Matsee reports a relationship with Mahidol University Faculty of Tropical Medicine that includes: employment and funding grants. Wasin Matsee has patent pending to None. - Editorial board member for the journal (Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease) If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Yellow fever (YF) is a major public health concern particularly in Africa and South America. This study aimed to detect YF in human and mosquito samples to understand transmission dynamics in the Tanzania-Uganda and Tanzania-Kenya cross-border areas., Methods: Blood samples were collected from 9 months and older individuals for serological testing while mosquitoes were captured and tested for YF virus RNA. Logistic regression models were used to predict seroprevalence and associated risk factors., Results: The overall YF seroprevalence was 12.5% with higher rates in older individuals (7.0%) and females (IgG 4.4%, IgM 6.0%). Notably, YF virus RNA was detected in three out of 46 pools of 192 mosquitoes. The odds of testing positive for YF IgG were lower among those with primary education compared with college education (AOR = 0.27, CI: 0.08-0.88) and increased with being female (AOR = 4.7, CI: 1.5-14.7), traveling to YF endemic areas (AOR = 5.2, CI: 1.35-44.75), exposure to Aedes mosquitoes (AOR = 3.7, CI: 1.27-10.84), experiencing muscle pain (AOR = 4.5, CI: 1.08-18.78), and exhibiting bruising (AOR = 13.5, CI: 1.23-145.72)., Conclusion: Despite not experiencing YF outbreaks, Tanzania shows evidence of YF exposure in studied borders highlighting the need to strengthen cross border-surveillance, vector control, vaccination and further research to evaluate country overall YF risks., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

This article aims to briefly review the musical history of Ciudad Juarez of the 20th and 21st century. The approach reconstructs the timeline of musi’sc traves and evolution along the border, from before the Revolution, through Prohibition in the United States, which translated locally into the so-called Big Band,Rock and Roll, Latin American music, Narcocorridos, and into Rap, Hip-Hop, and most recently, the boom of Symphonic Orchestras.

The aim of this study is to analyse the voluminous emigration correspondence of Count Béla Teleki in order to highlight his main thoughts about the future of Transylvania. Béla Teleki was one of the most important Transylvanian politicians in the middle of the 20th century. His political career reached its peak at the time when Northern Transylvania was regained by Hungary after the Second Vienna Award. At the end of the Second World War, Teleki was persecuted by the Secret Police of the new Hungarian Communist Regime. Starting from 1951, he lived in the United States until his death on 7 February 1990. During the decades of his life in emigration, he carried on a great correspondence with the leading personalities of the Hungarian emigration in the West, several members of the American Senate, and even with President Gerald Ford. In this way, Béla Teleki became one of the central personalities of the Hungarian emigration in the Western World. His opinion, his voice were determining. This study summarizes the most important theme Béla Teleki was preoccupied with, the future of Transylvania, as he imagined it, by making a short analysis of his correspondence consisting of thousands of letters.

Background: The development of cross-border tourism and local resources based on the border has grooving the importance in last decencies. One of the most important tourist attractions on Polish borders are tripoints. This article seeks to discuss changes made, by reference to two border tripoints situated on the junction of Polish, Czech and Slovak borders in the Beskids Mountains and on the junction of Polish, Slovak and Ukraine borders in the Bieszczady Mountains. Material and methods: Analysis of historical, legal and statistical materials as well as cartographic analysis and fieldwork were conducted. Informal discussions and formal in-depth interviews were undertaken with tourists in each of the researched tripoints: informal interviews/discussions with 45 tourists in the tripoint between Poland, Slovakia and Czechia and informal interviews/discussions with 40 tourists in the tripoint between Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. Results: The tourists reaching tripoints in the Carpathians argued that the places have a great potential for tourism development. They underline great symbolic meanings, possibility to visit three countries in a short time and the importance of the point which is interesting and give an opportunity to take a nice photo. The presented research also exemplifies the concept of a new tourist space beyond traditional tourist destinations. This ensured the status of the tripoint as a resource, a “discovery”, and a curiosity. Conclusions: The border tripoints give great opportunities for the development of tourism. Openness and permeability of borders can determine development on both sides of tourism related to the presence of the border, and offer an opportunity for cross-border attractions to be set up. Tripoints as emerging tourist attractions have appeared in new marketing materials and have the potential to serve as unique border attractions.

The crisis of the boundary line and the consequent determination of the peripher­ies from a geometric point of view entails a crisis in representing urban boundaries and thresholds, and therefore the peripher­ies themselves. In this regard, the essay rereads some historical and recent ethnographic urban maps. Both from a graphic point of view and as artefacts and documents capable of visualising complex urban issues linked to the concept of peripheralization of frag­ile territories. This reinterpretation allows us to highlight the role that these graphic artefacts have as interpretative documents of the peripheral realities of the city that open operational, epistemological and se­mantic perspectives in the field of graphic sciences. The frames operated by the boundary draw­ing line of the urban periphery assume similar ontological meanings and episte­mologies. Their re-discussion allows us to rethink their definition and operational role in the urban dimension and in the extension of the graphic tools of urban representation.

As a response to the processes of international migration in the Balkans, the Hungarian government in 2015 constructed a technical border defence system on the southern border of Hungary, also assigning manpower to guard the border. As a response to migration, this is not unique in Europe if we also consider previous and subsequent events. Although this topic has already been addressed by several authors from different perspectives, this paper is the first to analyse in detail the construction and characteristics of the technical border defence system, and the structure and operation of the assigned police and military forces. The paper also examines how government policy related to the protection of the southern border and the fence revived the ‘Hungary, the fortress/bastion of (Christian) Europe’ concept, and also how the Hungarian government communicated this in order to achieve its political objectives.

This paper aims to define the way Egyptians perceived the boundaries of their land and reassesses the impact of Egyptian colonialism during the Ramesside period (c. 1292–1069 BCE). During this era, expansive wars, diplomatic action and land administration/governance reforms led Egypt to control a large part of modern Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. To refer to this period, historians often use the terms Egyptian “empire” and Egyptian “imperialism”, extending terminology coined in the 19th century to describe modern cases of political dominance to Late Bronze Age Egypt. Furthermore, traditional scholarship also presents Egypt’s borders in such a way that Egypt appears as a solid territory with fixed borders, despite evidence pointing to a different model of geographical division. Seeking to explore whether the use of modern terms on ancient Egypt may be an anachronism, this paper reviews the scholarship on (a) Egyptian records documenting conquests and (b) contextual archaeological evidence from the southern Near East itself. This review highlights differences between modern and ancient conceptions of land domination. Finally, Egyptian border-related terms are used in a strictly local symbolic cultural context but not in the one of international diplomacy. As for Egypt’s boundary, it was mostly formed as a buffer zone rather than a borderline.

This article presents the results of a socially engaged research project based on 30 in-depth interviews with NGO workers and activists who became involved in the humanitarian crisis at the Polish-Belarusian border and engaged in subversive humanitarianism. The aim is to analyze the discourse about migrants constructed by people who provided different types of support during the crisis. The theoretical part presents a brief overview of the crisis and describes hybridized humanitarian actions that were taken. It also offers a discussion of two opposite discourses about migration in Poland. One is based on securitization and is created by the state, and the other relates to compassionate solidarity with migrants and is constructed by civil society. The results of the study indicate that the representation of migrants created by NGO workers and activists engaged in subversive humanitarianism to some extent reproduces the pro-immigrant narrative of compassion to date. What is more, the study shows that activists’ discourse is more individualized and emotional, while the narratives of NGO workers are more professionalized and institutional in nature.

Starting from a philosophical provocation that reimagines the human body not as a distinct object but rather as an expanded field where matter flows through a series of threshold conditions, this essay follows the political aftermath of the conception of an expanded body and situates it within feminist and posthuman theory. The effects of such thinking demand a redrawing of biopolitical theory, as well as suggesting a collapse between the fields of human rights and environmental rights. If we are to consider every material bit that is ever consumed, inhaled and excreted by a human body as a fundamental part of the body, then violence against human subjects needs to be rethought: any attack to the environments that sustains human life needs to be addressed within the human rights discourse and as part of any biopolitical commitment to protect human life. This reshuffle helps us address the complexity of the politics of liveability, but also offers new challenges in making claims and demands new strategies of political activation against violent practices. The essay suggests that thinking with scale—from the molecular to the planetary—and using border epistemologies will become key methods in addressing the work against violence in the posthuman era.

An annotated list of 12 species of geometrid moths of the subfamily Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) found for the first time on the territory of Amurskaya Oblast, the Russian Far East, is given. There are: Brabira artemidora (Oberthür, 1884), Acasis bellaria (Leech, 1891), Trichopteryx polycommata ([Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775), Idiotephria debilitata (Leech, 1891), Idiotephria evanescens (Staudinger, 1897), Thera variata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Ecliptopera umbrosaria (Motschulsky, 1861), Triphosa dubitata (Linnaeus, 1758), Triphosa sericata (Butler, 1879), Operophtera relegata Prout, 1908, Hydrelia parvulata (Staudinger, 1897), and Venusia semistrigata (Christoph, 1881). From them, for 9 East Asian species these finds strongly expand to north-west their previously known areas.

On the example of the manor created by Totan Kuzembaev in Latvia, the author develops an analysis of the categories and archetypes fundamental to architecture: space, style, border, substance, time and home. The understanding of the meaning of one’s home is synchronous with the understanding of oneself. In the context of the analysis, the author considers the concept of the border among settled and nomadic peoples, who today exist in close connection. Their metamorphoses are revealed in the understanding of the wall and window, the cult of Heaven, the images of Paradise and Utopia. The ring enclosing the Self and the Other, East and West, is revealed in love as real and true. The author problematizes the search for architectural style, the meaning of home as a way of life in the new millennium, mastering the possibilities of free individuality.

Borderland cinema, whether it be Mexican or US-American (Babel, The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada, Sicario, Sin Nombre), constantly borrows from the narrative, visual or musical codes of the “other” and, by displacing them, sets out to shape the contours of its own cultural identity, situated on the margins of national narratives. Such a displacement is particularly visible in Texas, where the border with Mexico runs longest than in all the other border states, and where the term tejano designates Mexican people who have settled in Texas. Leaning on an analysis of two American tejano movies, Machete by Robert Rodriguez (2010) and Tejano by David Blue Garcia (2018), this article aims at studying the parodic processes used by these border films to define themselves in contrast with American history and its legend, as it is narrated by its film culture. While the Western, labelled “American cinema par excellence” by André Bazin and J.-L. Rieupeyrout, has often been the object of filmic parodies, especially within US-Mexican border cinema, the latter questions through the “ironic inversion” (L. Hutcheon) of the codes of the former the very existence of the border, its legitimacy, and the social and racial inequalities pervading the region. These two contemporary border films, both made by tejanos, offer two very different aesthetic experiences of the border. Through the study of Machete as a complex parodic object multiplying references and displaying a carnivalesque aesthetic, and its comparison with the refined aesthetics of the post-Western Tejano, this article intends to start a discussion on the means by which border movies parody the traditional films genres and visual codes, in order to question the persistence of dominant US ideology.

PurposeThe Maroni basin –delineating the border between Suriname and French Guiana— presents sociocultural, geographical and economic circumstances that have been conducive to the circulation of sexually transmitted infections and to delays in diagnosis and care. Given the scarcity of published data, we aimed to describe different sexually transmitted infections along the Maroni and to gain a broader understanding of the epidemiologic situation.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of the efforts to approach the problem of sexually transmitted infections in this complex border area. Temporal trends were plotted and crude numbers were divided by local population numbers.ResultsFor HIV, despite increasing testing efforts, most patients still present at the advanced HIV stage (median CD4 count at diagnosis is < 20 per mm3), and 25% of patients in Saint Laurent du Maroni were lost to follow-up within 6 years. However, progress on both sides has led to a decline in AIDS cases and mortality. Despite a rapid increase in the 1990’s along the Maroni, the current HIV prevalence seemed lower (0.52%) in the rural villages than in coastal urban centers (> 1%). High risk HPV infection prevalence among women reaches 23.3%. The incidence of gonorrhea was 4.2 per 1,000 population aged 15-59. For chlamydiasis it was 3.4 per 1,000 population aged 15-59. For syphilis, the incidence was 2.5 per 1,000 population aged 15-59. Gonorrhea, chlamydiasis, hepatitis B detection increased over time with greater testing efforts and new diagnostic tests. Since the COVID-19 epidemic, congenital syphilis has dramatically increased in Saint Laurent du Maroni reaching 808 per 100,000 live births.ConclusionSexually transmitted infections seemed more prevalent in Saint Laurent du Maroni –the sole urban center—than in the remote villages along the Maroni. The syndromic approach and the heterogeneity of diagnostic platforms presumably overlook most infections in the region. Therefore, a concerted approach and a shared diagnostic upgrade with molecular diagnosis and rapid diagnostic tests seem necessary to reduce the burden of sexually transmitted infections on both sides of the Maroni. Congenital syphilis resulting from COVID-19 disruption of health services requires urgent attention.

Tens of thousands of children living on Mainland China cross the border between Shenzhen and Hong Kong for a 'better education' every day. A well-oiled industry is in place to manage, facilitate and control this education mobility field. It involves schools, diverse businesses and nongovernmental organisations that, in articulation with the Chinese and Hong Kong states, stimulate and regulate the movement of people, materialities, ideas and practices. Drawing on our fieldwork and media analysis, this paper unpacks the transurban mobility industry to illustrate the role of the various players and how they work in conjunction to facilitate cross-border schooling, especially among the very young children. We map out and visualise with photos the workings of the schools, buses, escorts, tutoring centres, day care and boarding houses. We show how the mobility industry, intersecting with other business networks and mobility systems, links Shenzhen and Hong Kong, taking and making places in these cities, especially in the border region. Our paper illustrates the role of this mobility industry in the making of the political-economy and socio-culture of the border area, which constantly connects, divides and redefines the two cities and regions it bridges. We end with some reflections on the implications of the recent political challenges and COVID-I9 pandemic on this cross-border education mobility system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International boundaries have been mainly considered as barriers in literature on the 'cross-border regional innovation system' (CBRIS), in line with their traditional understanding. In this paper, we underline that such a perspective presents limits, and argue in favour of an understanding of multidimensional borders that are subject to dynamic change over time. By mobilizing conceptualizations from the field of border studies, we examine the various functions of borders to explain the innovation-led development potential in cross-border regions. In this view, international borders can function as an interface, a marker of difference or a symbol, rather than a mere barrier that separates regions. Further, we suggest that these border functions are key factors in explaining the 'fluctuating' integration dynamics of regional innovation systems across the border. Mobilizing evidence from two case studies in European and North American contexts, the paper sheds light on the border as a potential resource for innovation and discusses implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: The tribal population in India is considered as one of the vulnerable groups with respect to their achievements in health and other developmental issues. In this context, this mapping review attempted to understand the health profile of the Tharu tribal community residing in the northern State of Uttar Pradesh, India through literature mining. Tharu tribe is one of the indigenous groups living in the Terai plain on the Indo-Nepal border. In 1967, this tribe was documented as a Scheduled Tribe by the Government of India. The present review aimed to map the health-seeking behaviour of the Tharu population and review other factors pertaining to their health such as socioeconomic, developmental, employment, education, etc. Methods: Online data search was carried out on PubMed and Google Scholar using search terms ‘Tharu’ AND ‘India’. In addition, official reports avaibale in public domain and grey literature was also searched. Results: Twenty seven studies including reviews, articles, books/book chapters were evaluated along with 13 reports (including reports from government organizations and grey literature) were retrieved and analyzed. Of the 27 published reports, 16 were found relevant to Tharu tribe in India. A total of 29 (16 articles + 13 reports ) were included in this review. Interpretation & Conclusions: This mapping review higheights the health seeking behaviour of the Tharu tribe in India that can help inform future interventions to improve the health status of the Tharu tribe as well as other aspects of their development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This paper examines trends and correlates of alcohol‐involved motor vehicle crashes (AMVCs) in California between 2005 and 2016 among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Whites (Whites hereafter). Together these two groups comprise 76% of the state population. The paper also examines whether alcohol outlet density, percentage of Hispanics in census tract populations, and distance to the U.S./Mexico border are related to greater risks for AMVCs. The border is of interest given the greater availability of alcohol in the area. Methods: Crash data come from Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System maintained by the California Highway Patrol. Sociodemographic and community characteristics data from the U.S. Census and alcohol outlet density were aggregated to census tracts. Total motor vehicle crashes and AMVCs were related to these characteristics using hierarchical Bayesian Poisson space–time models. Results: There were over two million injury and fatality crashes during the period of analysis, of which 11% were AMVCs. About 1.7% of these crashes had fatalities. The rate of AMVCs increased among both Whites and Hispanics until 2008. After 2008, the rate among Whites declined through 2016 while the rate among Hispanics declined for 2 years (2009 and 2010) and increased thereafter. Crash distance from the border (RR = 1.016, 95% CI = 1.010 to 1.022) and percent Hispanic population (RR = 1.006; 95% CI = 1.003 to 1.009) were well‐supported results with 95% credible intervals that did not include 1. The percentages of the following: bars/pubs, males, individuals aged 18 to 29 and 40 to 49 years, U.S. born population, individuals below the 150% poverty level, unemployed, housing vacant, and housing owner‐occupied were all positively associated with AMVCs and well supported. Conclusions: Between 2005 and 2016 the rate of AMVCs in California declined among Whites but not among Hispanics. Population‐level indicators of percent Hispanic population, distance to the U.S. Mexico border, gender, age distribution, and socioeconomic stability were positively associated with crash rates, indicating that important contextual characteristics help determine the level of AMVC rates in communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the contributions of Peruvian theorist and critic Antonio Cornejo Polar on narrative heterogeneity, this paper proposes an interpretation of Valeria Luiselli's most recent novel, Desierto sonoro (2019). In this text I postulate that, without undermining the explicit sources which the novel alludes to and recovers, it is possible to link it to a deeply rooted narrative tradition in Latin America: that which represents sociocultural otherness. The tensions between the referent (the Chiricahua tribes of the 19th century and the children who cross the border into the United States in the 21st century) and the narrative perspectives that present the events involve different displacements (of characters, knowledge, diegetic levels, and narrative points of view) oriented to the representation of a harmonious encounter between two opposing sociocultural groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a critical reading of the short story, Il campo di granturco [The Cornfield], by Cesare Pavese. Methodologically and epistemologically, it tries to highlight the existing consonances between literature and geography with regards to three key concepts – the border, the landscape, and the territory – that form an indissoluble connection between human beings and the world. In geography, border, landscape, and territory are regarded as key cognitive mediators within the interaction between the Self and the world. What purpose, then, does reading Pavese from a geographic perspective serve? Why do his works matter within the context of cultural geography? Pavese's Il campo di granturco, I argue, contains an example of what Augustin Berque calls 'Thinking through Landscape', which is an essential requirement of any relationship between the self and the world. Additionally, reading Pavese from a geographic viewpoint provides us the chance to propose a reflection on the role of dialog in the self/world cognitive relationship. The paper's main objective is to contribute to current geographical debates on the self-world interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the governmental measures implemented by Chile and El Salvador during the pandemic to manage the repatriation of their nationals and resident citizens who were stranded abroad due to the closing of borders, a decision imposed by governments worldwide as a measure to contain the health crisis generated by COVID-19 in their territories. The restriction to the freedom of movement of people across borders caused in several countries of the region an additional humanitarian drama to the devastating effects of the global health crisis, so this paper examines this problem from the coverage given by the Latin American media to the repatriation processes of Chileans and Salvadorans as case studies, through a qualitative documentary analysis of the news about the main difficulties and consequences generated by this humanitarian drama. An important conclusion of the study recognizes the relevance of the administrative, logistic, and communicational capacity that the diplomatic missions of Latin American countries should develop, as well as the preeminence of human rights in international relations in order to face more responsibly the migratory crisis caused by the closing of borders for sanitary reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the experiences of restricted mobility of Venezuelan migrants on the border as a result of government measures to cope with the pandemic in Colombia and Venezuela. Using a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews conducted between May and September 2020 and a documentary and hemerographic review, it was observed that in Cúcuta and its metropolitan area a mobility/immobility dyad developed that led to Venezuelan migrants being trapped in both territories. In the midst of being trapped, the border deepened the logics of differentiation between citizens and migrants, and the construction of the other as a threat, in this case of contagion within the two countries, being victims of the processes of securitization and sanitization as strategies of reaffirmation of sovereignty. Likewise, the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the creation of a restrictive and immobilizing border where before a territory of permanent exchange was shown and migrants have become a subject of dispute in the tense international relations between the Venezuelan government and the countries of the American continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban violence derived from the absence of planning, land use and sustainability strategies for the development of cities has had an impact on the dignified life of the habitants of these territories, especially historically violated populations. Gender-based violence, present in all social contexts, is reflected in the urbanization of spaces, that develop processes of discrimination, exclusion and insecurity manifested in the thousands of disappearances of women and girls, as well as feminicides over the last thirty years in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. In this way, the neoliberal policies of making a city, contribute to the murders of women and girls in the public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Changthang region is a part of the high altitude Tibetan plateau. In eastern Ladakh, the Changthang stretches approximately 1,600 kilometers east into Tibet. The region is rich in wildlife and home to vast species of flora and fauna and scenic lakes attracting mainly international tourists and recently saw a huge inflow of mass domestic tourism. The Changthang region shot to limelight in India recently due to the yearlong border standoff in the Galwan valley and Pangong Lake. However, the region is located on a historically important trade route for travelers, pilgrims and traders on their way to Tibet. This centuries old trade route came to an end by 1950's with the Chinese occupation of Tibet and the subsequent India-China war in 1962. The paper presents a critical analysis of the potential revival of the centuries old trade route for pilgrim tourism and trade fostering cross-border cooperation between India and China. The paper considers the possibility of re-opening the Kailash-Mansarover route through the Leh-Demchok route which will in turn contribute to the sustainable development of the Changthang region. The study encapsulates the potential of developing cross-border tourism which could bring numerous benefits to the border regions of the Changthang in India and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to understand theoretical and cultural aspects related to the typical cuisine of the Brazil-Paraguay border from the analysis of the “chipa” as an alternative element to income generation and as a potential for geographic indication in strengthening local tourism. The research evaluated a sample by adhesion of 4 (four) traditional Ñas in the region, sellers and producers of artisanal “chipas”, mapped from the field observations and the tacit knowledge of the researchers. For the analysis, we considered the economic theories, geographical indication, and cultural heritage. The results showed that the level of differentiation and the commercialization channels used are factors that interfere in the creation and distribution of the added value of the product in the artisanal process of “chipa” production. It was possible to conclude that the typicality of regional cuisine, when preserved and valued by the local population, is an important element for the generation of income, based on what indicate the references on geographical indication and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the first to publish, translate to Lithuanian, and analyse the description of border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Confederation of Livonia dated on January 12th, 1529. This paper establishes previously unknown locations of some of the toponyms mentioned. It also investigates the circumstances of creating and archiving this document. A hypothesis is raised that the document had been drafted by Alexander (Olechno) Krivec and was later transferred to chancellor Albertas Goštautas (pol. Olbracht Gasztołd; bel. Альбрэхт Гаштольд; rus. Ольбрахт (Альберт) Гаштольд)) for storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nueva Revista del Pacífico is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar (RUHM) is the property of Centro de Estudios de la Guerra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)