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A nanoscale C60 field-effect transistor has been fabricated with carbon nanotubes (C60CNT‐FET). A wire of multiwalled carbon nanotube has been anchored by metal pads on a Si wafer, and cut by bombardment with focused Ga2+ ion beam. The cut ends of the wire have been integrated as source-drain electrodes into the C60CNT‐FET, with a vacuum evaporated C60 thin film. The C60CNT‐FET has exhibited an excellent performance of a low-voltage drive operation, without any short-channel effect even at as small as 100 nm of channel length.

A Bi-Ta multi-seeding layer system is proposed to improve the ferroelectric properties of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films prepared by a sol-gel method for applications to nonvolatile memories. For seeding layers composed of different ratios of Bi to Ta, three different structures were observed after heat treatment at 800°C: γ-Bi2O3, Bi3TaO7 and Bi1.4Ta2O6.75. γ-Bi2O3 with a sillenite structure exhibited a plate-like surface morphology. Bi3TaO7 with a fluorite structure exhibited a flat surface morphology. Bi1.4Ta2O6.75 with a pyrochlore structure exhibited a rough surface morphology. Because a flat surface morphology with a fluorite structure is desirable for a seeding layer, the Bi–Ta seeding layers, with a Bi to Ta ratio equal to 3 to 1, were used as multi-seeding layers. When the seeding layers were sandwiched between SBT thin films, multi-seeding layers provided, after heat treatment at 800°C, a higher degree of crystal orientation in the a- or b-axis direction than a simple SBT thin film without seeding layers. Orientation in the a- or b-axis direction is desirable for SBT thin films to obtain improved ferroelectric properties, especially high remanent polarization values. The SBT thin film with Bi–Ta multi-seeding layers was found to have higher saturation characteristics than that without seeding layers, which suggests that the former type of SBT thin film has a good potential for low-voltage operation. The multi-seeding method is thus effective for improving ferroelectric properties of SBT thin films for nonvolatile memories.

Changes in the composition and the crystal structure of micro-grains have been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis in order to clarify the phase formation of ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) with heat-treatment at 650–750°C. Micrograins crystallized at 650°C begin to change to bismuth-layer-structure-family (BLSF) grains at temperatures exceeding 700°C, and form pure-BLSF phase grains at 800°C. Hence, a micrograins phase exists in thin films at 650–750°C and we determined that the bismuth composition in these grains decreases. Using selected diffraction and high-resolution TEM, we found that a pyrochlore phase was formed in the bismuth-poor micrograins that were heat treated at 750°C. The formation of pyrochlore made pure-phase BLSF difficult to obtain.

We studied the role of excess Bi, added to improve ferroelectirc properties of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin film whose Bi-layered structure is fatigue-free characteristics for Nonvolatile memory. The lost of Bi by annealing process was not observed even after annealing at 850° C in chemical liquid deposition (mixed alkoxide solution system). In SBT films composed of fluorite and Bi-layered structure grains, Bi-layered structure grains had a higher Bi content than that in fluorite grains. Excess Bi was added to promote crystallization of fluorite to the Bi-layered structure easy. SBT film close to stoichimometric composition formed by a hydrolyzed, condensed solution (sol-gel method) had superior ferroelectric properties despite its closely stoichiometric Sr0.9Bi2.1Ta2O9 composition. Closely stoichiometric Sr0.9Bi2.1Ta2O9 SBT film shows no fatigue even after 3×1012 switching cycles. The improved SBT formation solution that is hydrolyzed, condensed solution makes excess Bi unnecessary.

カルボン酸ナトリウム (ギ酸, 酢酸安息香酸, サリチル酸, p-ヒドロキシ安息香酸ナトリウム) と NaCl との混合溶液の電気透析および各塩の単独溶液について, Donnan 吸着量, 含水率, 比電気伝導度, 水分解による pH 変化, 電流-電圧曲線を測定し, 陰イオン交換膜に対するカルボン酸イオンの膜透過挙動ならびに膜汚染について検討した。サリチル酸イオン以外のカルボン酸イオンは Cl- よりもかなり透過性が小さく, 混合溶液における濃縮電流効率も良好 (83%

THERE ARE TIMES in a nation's politics when "Doing Nothing Is Best [Nasazaru o motte saiko no zen to nasu]."' For most of 1982, and on most issues, this adage was reflected in the world of Japanese politics. Among the many reasons that could be adduced by way of explanation, we believe that the structural situation among and inside the political parties is the most significant. For the latter half of the 1970s, a close balance of power (hakuchu) had prevailed between the governing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its variegated opposition parties. Furthermore, there was a serious lack of unity inside the LDP, a situation best reflected by the fact that in the late autumn of 1979 it fielded not one, but two candidates for Prime Minister in the formal Diet vote for Japan's senior political executive. That particular crisis for the LDP had been surmounted albeit with many bruised feelings which resurfaced during a vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira and his Cabinet in May 1980. Most of the members of the factions led by former prime ministers Fukuda and Miki refrained from participating in the vote, thus allowing the resolution, which had been introduced by the opposition parties, to be adopted. In response, Prime Minister Ohira called for a dissolution of the House, and a general election was conducted on June 22, 1980. It could be argued that the parliamentary logjam that had existed was broken in that summer election for the entire House of Representatives and one half of the House of Councillors. Prime Minister Ohira's sudden death just ten days prior to that electoral contest contributed to an outpouring of sympathy votes which helped the LDP win a smashing

H地方のT村では牛白血病がしばしば同定されている. この村に飼育される望診上健康な黒毛和種178頭について, 血清学的検査と血液学的検査を3～6ケ月間隔で平行して経時的に実施した. その結果, 血清学的陽性率は, 免疫拡散法(ID)と補体結合法との総合判定で60.7%であった. IDの陽性率は, 放牧前より放牧終了後に有意に高率であった. 黒毛和種の基準による血液学的検査の結果, 193頭は3群に分類され, 陰性(Group 1) 83.4%, 疑陽性(Group 2) 13.0%および持続的リンパ球増多症(Group 3) 3.6%であった. 1回又は3回の検査による血液学的陽性率は, 血清学的陽性率より一般にかなり低率であった. しかし, 経時的な検査で血液学的に分類された3群間の血清学的陽性率には, 低い相関が認められた. ID陽転牛のリンパ球数は, それらが陰性の時より有意に多かった. 26ケ月の観察期間において牛白血病の発病率は, 血清学的陽性牛では3.0%, また, 血液学的陽性牛Group 3からの発病率は28.6%であった.

In the experiments presented here, diesel fuel oil was injected into a high pressure chamber in which compressed air or CO2 gas at room temperature was charged. A single spray was impinged on a flat wall at a normal angle. The growth of the spray was photographed, not only with transmitted light but also with scattered light through a narrow slit. The temporal and spatial distribution of the droplets density in the impinging spray applying the concentric circle model was calculated using data collected by the laser light extinction method. From these results, detailed information concerning the droplets density in the impinging diesel spray was obtained. The effects of ambient density, distance from the wall to the nozzle, and injection pressure on the impinging spray were revealed. Finally, experimental equations for the radius and the height of the impinging spray were obtained.

This paper is concerned with the temperature distribution characteristics of an open type environment controlled growth facilities of Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station in Morioka. Placed in a field, the equipment has three controlled factors, i.e., air temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture. The upper part of a room, however, is opened to the outdoor so that the other environmental factors, e.g., air composition, sunshine, wind, etc., are free from the control. This is the first one designed as an open type equipment in Japan. The temperature distributions in the room were measured to observe the followings.1) Range of temperature control in the experimental rooms is less than ±2°C from the outdoor temperature.2) The regulation of the temperature of supply air from air ducts is disturbed by the sunshine.3) Temperature distribution takes various patterns depending on the outdoor conditions. Its major disturbances are sunshine and outdoor wind.

R-RIMポリウレタンの弾塑性破壊じん性をJ積分R曲線法により求めた.鈍化直線とR曲線との交差点のJ値をJin値と安定き裂進展抵抗を示すパラメータ(dJ/da)R値に及ぼす空孔率,繊維含有率の影響を求め,その影響を微視的は面観察から論じた.板厚中央部にある空孔は応力状態に影響してき裂進展の様相を変化させる.また,繊維の存在によりき裂進展の拘束,破壊様式の多様化と破面の面積の増加が確かめられた.

A simple equation of the J-integral proposed by Rice et al does not take consideration of the notch length of the test specimen, although is does into consideration the non-linearity of the materials. So, the J-integral equation which modified the effect of notch length is confirmed for brittle and porous polymeric materials, i. e. RIM Polyurethane at low temperature, in which the skin layers are removed. It is found that the equation can be applied to ductile and porous polymeric materials at a temperature of 20°C. The equation is examined by changing the specimen thickness at that temperature. It is found that the J-integral resistant curve determined by this method is independent of specimen thickness.

イセリヤカイガラムシの脂質から光学活性のアセトグリセリドを分離して(S)-1, 2-diacyl-3-acetinであると決定した。構成脂肪酸は,酢酸以外にC14∼C20の7成分が認められ,C18酸が主体であった。脂肪酸の分子内分布では,アセトグリセリドの2-位置にステアリン酸,オレイン酸,リノール酸が優占していた。

The J-integral resistance curve method is applied to RIM-polyurethan from which the skin layer is removed, as a porous and polymeric material. We have studied how the fracture toughness Jin and Jc values are affected by temperature and void. It is found that the stable fracture appears in the temperature range from -40 to 20°C and that the unstable fracture appears in the temperature range from -120 to -60°C. The Jin values are almost constant in the temperature range from -40 to 20°C and the Jc value have a maximum value at the temperature of about -60°C. It is considered that the ductile-brittle transition point exists at a temperature between -60 and -40°C. The Jin values increase with an increase of void content from 5 to 17% and decrease with an increase of void diameter on a constant void content at a temperature of 20°C. The Jc values decrease with an increase of void content from 5 to 17% and are not affected by the void diameter on a constant void content at the temperature of -80°C.

A patient with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with exertional near syncope is reported. Intra-right ventricular obstruction was demonstrated by hemodynamic studies during inspiration and the Valsalva maneuver with systemic hypotension. Improvement occurred following the administration of propranolol. It was suggested that syncope might be precipitated by hemodynamic changes such as a high output state and a depressed cardiac volume in relation to intra-right ventricular obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.