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We report results of a scanning tunneling microscopy investigation on the reconstruction of GaP(001) surfaces. We have observed a 4×2 structure, accompanied locally with c(8×2) domains, at a surface prepared by using ion sputtering and annealing method. On the contrary, both 2×4 [with local c(2×8)] and 4×2 [with local c(8×2)] structures are obtained by hydrogenation followed by annealing. The former consists of a unit structure of three P dimers plus one dimer vacancy, whereas the latter is a parallel arrangement of zig–zag‐chained structures along the [110] direction. It has been shown that the surface hydrogenation before annealing induces new types of reconstruction.

E-cadherin is a member of the cadherin family, which plays a crucial role in cellcell adhesion in normal epithelial tissues and some tumors ~)a. We reported here the expression of this adhesion molecule in human gastric carcinomas. Forty-six cases of human gastric carcinomas were employed. Cancerous and non-cancerous areas of surgical specimens were stained immunohistochemically with the ABC method in frozen sections. Monoclonal antibody for human E-cadherin was kindly donated by Dr. M. Takeichi (Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University). The samples were examined using a light microscope. In the mucosa of the non-cancerous area, epithelial cells, including intestinal metaplasia, were positively stained in the plasma membrane. In 27 of 46 cases the plasma membrane of cancer cell populations was positively stained (Fig.a), and in 14 cases the staining showed heterogeneity. In 5 cases, which were observed frequently in Borrmann's type 4 and scirrhous type (P < o.01), no cancer cell was stained (Fig.b). In 12 (75.0%) of 16 cases without lymphatic metastasis, all cancer cells were positively stained, while in 5 (62.5%) of 8 cases with lymphatic metastasis involving Group 3 lymph nodes 3) or more, none of the cancer cells were stained(P < o.01). These results indicate that the expression of E-cadherin correlates with invasiveness and lymphatic metastasis in human gastric carcinomas. (This work was supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research(63-2) from the Ministry of Health and Welfare.)

エチレンービニルアルコール共重合体フィルムを素材として, その表面に易動性の大きな分子鎖を結合させたもの34種類を合成し, その上で上皮性細胞の培養を行い, 細胞の付着や増殖に及ぼす易動性のある分子鎖の効果を検討した. ガラス転移温度から考えて易動性の大きな分子鎖でも, ポリオキシプロピレン, ポリオキシテトラメチレン, ポリジメチルシロキサンのように疎水性で水不溶性のものだけでは, 細胞の付着や増殖にはほとんど影響は認められなかった. ポリオキシエチレン鎖のように水溶性で排除体積効果が生ずるような, 水中での易動性の大きな分子鎖を含んでいる時のみ大きな影響があり, 細胞は付着しにくくなった. ポリオキシエチレン鎖に疎水性基のついた分子鎖の場合には, その両者のバランス及び疎水性基の種類が大きく影響した. この場合においても, ベンゼン環の細胞付着率増加効果が認められた.

Metastasis in the wall is considered to be characteristic of esophageal carcinoma. Some cases of its metastasis to the gastric wall have been reported to date, most of which were not preoperatively diagnosed. In the present study, a case of metastasis of esophageal carcinoma to the gastric wall, in which the metastatic lesion in the stomach was difficult to differentiate from primary tumor in the stomach, as it was markedly large in comparsion with the primary lesion in the esophagus, was examined and is reported in the light of the related literature. The patient, a 61-year-old woman was found to have esophageal and gastric lesions and the esophageal lesion was diagnosed as esophageal carcinoma. Histological diagnosis was not performed with regard to the gastric lesion but malignant submucosal tumor in the stomach was diagnosed as a result of various examinations, resulting in surgery. Histological findings after surgery led to the conclusion that the tumor was due to metastasis of esophageal carcinoma to the gastric wall. In all cases, including our present case, of metastasis of esophageal carcinoma to the gastric wall which have been reported so far, the metastatic lesions in the stomach were larger than the primary lesions in the esophagus, which may have resulted from differences in the site of tumor development and in the blood flow.

The liver metastatic potential of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing human gastric carcinoma (NSC-3) was examined in male, BALB/c, nude mice. Metastatic nodules in the liver were produced by intrasplenic (IS) injection of tumor cell suspension prepared by trypsinization from subcutaneous NSC-3 tumor. The serum AFP level increased exponentially after IS injection along with the growth of metastatic nodules in the liver, and a positive correlation was observed between the estimated weight of metastatic nodules and serum AFP level. To investigate the effect of liver damage by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the metastatic potential of NSC-3 cells injected intrasplenically, the mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 received IS injection of 1 x 10(6) of NSC-3 cells without CCl4 treatment; Groups 2, 3 and 4 received IS injection 7 days, 2 days and 1 day after CCl4 treatment, respectively. All mice were killed 64 days after IS injection. The incidence of liver metastasis was 80% in Group 1, but 100% in Groups 2, 3 and 4. The mean numbers of metastatic nodules per liver were 4.2 in Group 1, 16.8 in Group 2, 18.0 in Group 3 and 44.5 in Group 4. Significant differences in the mean numbers of metastatic nodules were observed between Group 4 and the other groups. It was clearly demonstrated that the metastatic potential of AFP-producing human gastric carcinoma cells (NSC-3) is enhanced in the situation prevailing after liver parenchymal cells are damaged by CCl4.

The purpose of this study was to make clear electromyographic feature of complete denture wearers. 31 edentulous patients who had no problems (complete denture group) and 15 subjects with complete dentitions (normal dentulous group) were selected. The EMG of the masseter muscles and the anterior part of temporalis muscles, elicited by Tapping movement and chin taps during maximum clench (Clench and chin tap) were divided 4 divisions as follow:B. T. C.: before tooth contactS. P. L.: silent period latencyS. P. D.: silent period durationA. S. P.: after silent periodEach division was analyzed automatically with mini computer system, and mean ofduration and mean average of integration were measured. The data were compared with the normal dentulous group. The results were summarized as follows:1. On tapping movement, S.P.L. duration extended about 1-2 ms (significant difference at P

エチレンービニルアルコール共重合体フィルムを素材として,まず側鎖にイソシアナト基を導入した後,20種のアルコール類,24種のアミン類と反応させた試料を合成した。これらフィルム試料上で上皮性の株化細胞の培養を行ない,細胞の付着性,増殖性と側鎖の置換基や接触角との関係について比較検討した。細胞の初期付着率が増加すると,相対増殖速度は低下する傾向が認められた。細胞の付着率は,接触角が60～70°で極大を示し,接触角がそれより大きくても小さくても付着率は低下する傾向があった。アルキル基の炭素数が増加すると,接触角は大きくなり,細胞の付着率は低下し,増殖速度は大きくなる傾向があった。芳香族環には,細胞の付着を促進する効果が認められた,芳香族環へのカルボキシル基の導入はさらに有効であった。細胞を付着しにくくするには,長鎖のアルキル基の導入,あるいはポリ(オキシエチレン)のような水溶性の長い分子鎖の導入が有効であった。

Background Nasal obstruction is considered the most serious problem for patients with allergic rhinitis. We have previously established a model of nasal obstruction in guinea pigs. In the present study, we tried to establish an allergic model of nasal obstruction using Brown Norway (BN) rats to evaluate the effects of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors in this model. Methods The volume of the nasal cavity was measured with an acoustic rhinometer. Decrease in the volume of the nasal cavity was taken as nasal obstruction. BN rats were actively sensitized with ovalbumin conjugated with aluminium hydroxide. Intranasal antigen instillation induced biphasic nasal obstruction in sensitized BN rats. Results Early and late phase responses (EPR and LPR) were observed peaking at 0.5 and 6 hours after the antigen challenge, respectively. Chlorpheniramine did not inhibit EPR or LPR at 10 mg/kg, although the dose was sufficient for the compound to exert its anti-histamine activity. Prednisolone inhibited both responses at 30 mg/kg. Rolipram and CDP-840, PDE4 inhibitors, inhibited both responses at 100 mg/kg. KF19514, a PDE1/4 dual inhibitor, inhibited EPR at 0.1 mg/kg or more and inhibited LPR at 10 mg/kg. Conclusions The present study provides a simple model of allergic biphasic nasal obstruction in BN rats, and also suggests that the PDE4 inhibitor may alleviate nasal obstruction in patients with allergic rhinitis.

The biological effects of seven dental cements — including zinc oxide-eugenol, EBA, silicate, zinc phosphate, silico-phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer — and a composite resin were evaluated by a new cell culture technique. The agar overlay containing serum was proposed as a dentin model. The effects of thickness and serum concentration of the agar overlay on cell growth were studied and compared to in vivo findings. Some correlative phenomena between the cell culture results and in vivo data are presented.

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of EMG parameters as evaluation of the prognosis in complete denture wearers. In this study, the comparisons had been made between two groups. One group was consist of the subjects who were immidiately after the insertion of new complete dentures (group A). Another group was consist of the subjects who had good prognosis (group B). EMG signals were evoked by tapping movement and chin tap. 4 Muscles-4 Division Coordination Pattern Analysis was used, and the name of each division was follows:B. T. C.: EMG activity of before tooth contactS. P. L.: Silent period latencyS. P. D.: Silent period durationA. S. P.: EMG activity of after silent period EMG signals analyzed automatically with minicomputer system and paramaters (duration and mean average of integration on each division) were investigated whether the differences were significant or not.The results were as follows:1) Recognition ratio of silent period of the group A showed a slightly tendency to be lower than the group B.2) Both of tapping and chin tap, the difference between the group A and the group B was not statistically significant on each division.3) So, it was difficult to evaluate the prognosis in complete denture on the statistical aspects.

Two cases of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRT) and two cases of bone metastasizing renal tumor (BMRT) were studied using electron microscopy and immunohistochemitry, in an attempt to evaluate the histogenetic relation to classical Wilms' tumor (2 cases). The two cases of MRT showed ultrastructural features of intermediate filament clusters in the cytoplasm. Vimentin, keratin, laminin, and peanut (PNA) lectin were immunohistochemically demonstrated in two cases of MRT. Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was detected in one case. As for BMRT, the metastatic lesion exhibited numerous rosette-like structures of tumor cells. Vimentin was immunohistochemically demonstrated in one case, but no other antibodies were stained in two cases. Two cases of classical Wilms' tumor immunohistochemically demonstrated vimentin, keratin, PNA lectin, and TPA. MRT and BMRT fall within the broad spectrum of Wilms' tumors from the histogenetic aspect, but their clinical behavior is distinct. Cancer 59:963-971, 1987.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of wakefulness during the induction of anesthesia with high-dose fentanyl using the isolated forearm technique. Ten patients scheduled for elective cardiovascular surgery were premedicated with morphine (0.15 mg/kg) and scoploamine (0.3-0.4 mg) intramuscularly one hour before induction. The induction of anesthesia was performed by intravenous administration of 100 micro g/kg of fentanyl in 15 min or over. The pneumatic tourniquet applied on the left upper arm was inflated to 220-240 mmHg after 10 micro g/kg of fentanyl was given and then pancuronium was administered. Verbal commands were given to the patient after 25, 50, 75 and 100 micro g/kg of fentanyl was administered. Eight patients out of 10 responded to the verbal commands after administration of 25 micro g/kg of fentanyl. Six patients also responded after administration of 100 micro g/kg of fentanyl and diazepam 5 mg was given to prevent tachycardia and rigidity during endotracheal intubation. Muscle rigidity and tachycardia were noticed in three and four patients respectively. These complications disappeared by diazepam administration. It was noted that wakefulness frequently occurred during the induction by high-dose fentanyl and oxygen anesthesia. To prevent such wakefulness therefore, it is necessary to use anesthetic supplements which do not cause cardiovascular depression.

Among 30 children with undifferentiated lymphoma, non-Burkitt's type, bone marrow involvement occurred in 21 (70%). Ten of the 21 (48%) children with bone marrow change also developed meningeal involvement. None of the nine patients whose bone marrow remained normal showed meningeal change. Ten of 11 (91%) children with mediastinal presentations developed bone marrow involvement. None of the six children with small-bowel presentations developed bone marrow or meningeal involvement. Children with both bone marrow and meningeal involvement experienced significantly longer survival than children whose bone marrow remained normal ( P =.01); these children also had a better median survival time than children developing bone marrow change without meningeal disease (10 months vs 3.5 months). Lymphomatous meningitis was not uniformly associated with advanced disease or with an immediately grave prognosis.