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Abstract: Background: The Air-Q intubating laryngeal airway is a new supraglottic airway device which overcomes some of the limitations inherent to the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA Fastrach™) for tracheal intubation. Previous studies showed lower success rate of the Air-Q™ versus ILMA Fastrach™. This study was conducted to illustrate new maneuvers for increasing the success rate of Air-Q™ versus ILMA Fastrach™ and compare between both devices. Methods: One-hundred and seventy adult patients, ASA I or II, aged >16years old undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were divided randomly into 2 equal groups (85 each). Group A: using Air-Q ILA size 3.5 or size 4.5 Group B: using ILMA size 4 or size 5 according to the manufacturer’s recommendations for body weight in both groups. The time and the total success rate of blind intubation through them in 2 attempts only were recorded. In Group A, extension of the head with cricoid pressure was applied. The hemodynamic response to devices insertion and the complications related to both devices were compared. Results: In Group A, the total success rate in 2 attempts was 94.12%, while in Group B, it was 96.47%. However, this difference was not statistically significant. The first attempt success rate was 81.18% in Group A, while it was 82.35% in Group B. The total time to intubate the hemodynamic response to device insertion and the incidence of complications (sore throat, trauma and hoarseness of voice) showed no statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusion: This study showed that extension of the head with cricoid pressure greatly increases the success rate of blind intubation through the Air-Q to 94.12% versus the ILMA Fastrach 96.47% with no statistically significant difference between both devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Anaerobic respiration is a major problem that causes the deterioration of fresh produce packaged under low O atmospheres. The problem becomes more severe and causes high losses in the packages handling at ambient conditions, especially in developing countries. In designing modified atmosphere packaging, the risk of anaerobic development greatly depends upon the accuracy of respiration rate prediction; therefore, the respiration rate model for a particular produce has to be identified. In this study, different atmospheric storage conditions in a closed system were realized to examine the adaptability of respiration rate models for spinach storage under low O at an expected ambient temperature of 25 °C. Six models were applied and it was found that, for aerobic conditions, the respiration rate could be described with a constant respiratory quotient by three models, viz., (a) Michaelis-Menten model without inhibition, (b) Michaelis-Menten model with uncompetitive inhibition, and (c) Langmuir adsorption model, whereas three other models, viz. (d) Michaelis-Menten model with competitive inhibition, (e) Michaelis-Menten model with noncompetitive inhibition, and (f) Michaelis-Menten with mixed inhibition could not be fitted. Among the three successful models, the Michaelis-Menten with uncompetitive inhibition was found to be the most suitable model for practical applications in developing countries where cold-chain systems are lacking. This model can be applied for the prediction of gas composition and optimize the packages, particularly to ensure the aerobic respiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is an attempt to investigate the attitudes of Jordanian university students towards language planning in Jordan. It aims at identifying the status and the use of Arabic and English in Jordan. An attitudinal questionnaire was developed and distributed to assess the attitudes towards language planning in Jordan. The sample consisted of 400 respondents, all undergraduates of English at four Jordanian universities: Yarmouk University, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Hashemite University and Al-alBayt University. The findings of the study prove that language planning is ideologized. Arabic is associated with the religious ideology of Islam. Further, with the increasing use of English in Jordan, English constitutes a threat to Arabic in various domains in Jordan i.e. it competes with Arabic at the level of usage. Moreover, learning English is neither an indication of Westernization nor all indication and imitation of or assimilation to Western values. In addition, defending Arabic is not a claim of nationalism or culturalism, but in fact defending the language of Islam and its civilization. The study proves that Jordanians view English the language of the future, a language which its mastery would open wide the opportunities of education, business and trade. However, these attitudes do not negate the role of Arabic as all effective tool of daily communication, media, and education. Nor do they negate the role of Arabic as the language of the great Islamic Arabic civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of ionizing radiation in eliminating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on commercial ready-to-eat radish and mung bean sprouts and to assess the chemical and physical quality of these sprouts. The use of ionizing radiation was investigated as a means of reducing or totally inactivating these pathogens, if present, on the sprouts. Treatment of mung bean and radish sprouts with a dose of 1.5 and 2.0 kGy, respectively, significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella to nondetectable limits. The total vitamin C content was gradually reduced with the increase in irradiation dose (P < 0.0001). However, the effect of storage interval on the loss of vitamin C was nonsignificant for radish sprouts and significant for mung bean sprouts (P < 0.04). The color, firmness, and overall visual quality of the tested sprouts were acceptable when effective doses were applied to both radish and mung bean sprouts. Therefore, ionizing radiation could be useful in reducing the population of pathogens on sprouts and yet retain acceptable quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of using wetted cellulose pads on improving the performance of two conventional passive cooling systems has been evaluated. First, an experimental design was developed to determine the impact of using a wetted cellulose pad on the temperature and velocity of the airflow. A cellulose pad (7090 model) with a cross-sectional area of 0.5 × 0.5 m2 and three different thicknesses of 10, 15, and 30 cm were selected and tested. The results indicated that using wetted cellulose pads with thicknesses ranging from 10–30 cm decreased the outlet airflow temperature from 11.3 to 13.7 °C on average. For free airflow at velocity 3.5 m/s, the outlet airflow velocity from the wetted cellulose pad decreased to 0.9, 0.7 and 0.6 m/s, respectively, for cellulose pads with thicknesses of 10, 15, and 30 cm. By applying experimental results on a psychrometric chart, the humidity ratio of outlet airflow was obtained between 40–70%. The study established airflow velocity as the critical parameter in passive cooling systems. With the novel concept of combining wetted cellulose pads for passive cooling systems (i.e., wind catchers and induced ventilation), there is good potential to reduce the energy requirements for thermal comfort in buildings in regions with a hot and arid climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to increase the power output of wind turbines include Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines (DAWT) or a shroud for the rotor of a wind turbine. The selected duct has three main components: a nozzle, a diffuser, and a flange. The combined effect of these components results in enriched upstream velocity for the rotor installed in the throat of the duct. To obtain the maximum velocity in the throat of the duct, the optimum angles of the three parts have been analyzed. A code was developed to allow all the numerical steps including changing the geometries, generating the meshes, and setting up the numerical solver simultaneously. Finally, the optimum geometry of the duct has been established that allows a doubling of the flow velocity. The flow characteristics inside the duct have also been analyzed in detail. An H-Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) has been simulated inside the optimized duct. The results show that the power coefficient of the DAWT can be enhanced up to 2.9 times. Deep dynamic stall phenomena are captured perfectly. The duct advances the leading-edge vortex generation and delays the vortex separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seaweed polysaccharides have been recommended as anticancer supplements and for boosting human health; however, their benefits in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and improving immune surveillance remain unclear. Olaparib is a first-in-class poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Oligo-Fucoidan, a low-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharide purified from brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica), exhibits significant bioactivities that may aid in disease management. Methods: Macrophage polarity, clonogenic assays, cancer stemness properties, cancer cell trajectory, glucose metabolism, the TNBC 4T1 cells and a 4T1 syngeneic mouse model were used to inspect the therapeutic effects of olaparib and Oligo-Fucoidan supplementation on TNBC aggressiveness and microenvironment. Results: Olaparib treatment increased sub-G1 cell death and G2/M arrest in TNBC cells, and these effects were enhanced when Oligo-Fucoidan was added to treat the TNBC cells. The levels of Rad51 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) facilitate drug resistance and TNBC metastasis. However, the combination of olaparib and Oligo-Fucoidan synergistically reduced Rad51 and PD-L1 levels, as well as the activity of EGFR and AMPK; consistently, TNBC cytotoxicity and stemness were inhibited. Oligo-Fucoidan plus olaparib better inhibited the formation of TNBC stem cell mammospheroids with decreased subpopulations of CD44high/CD24low and EpCAMhigh cells than monotherapy. Importantly, Oligo-Fucoidan plus olaparib repressed the oncogenic interleukin-6 (IL-6)/p-EGFR/PD-L1 pathway, glucose uptake and lactate production. Oligo-Fucoidan induced immunoactive and antitumoral M1 macrophages and attenuated the side effects of olaparib, such as the promotion on immunosuppressive and protumoral M2 macrophages. Furthermore, olaparib plus Oligo-Fucoidan dramatically suppressed M2 macrophage invasiveness and repolarized M2 to the M0-like (F4/80high) and M1-like (CD80high and CD86high) phenotypes. In addition, olaparib- and Oligo-Fucoidan-pretreated TNBC cells resulted in the polarization of M0 macrophages into CD80(+) M1 but not CD163(+) M2 macrophages. Importantly, olaparib supplemented with oral administration of Oligo-Fucoidan in mice inhibited postsurgical TNBC recurrence and metastasis with increased cytotoxic T cells in the lymphatic system and decreased regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages in tumors. Conclusion: Olaparib supplemented with natural compound Oligo-Fucoidan is a novel therapeutic strategy for reprogramming cancer stemness, metabolism and the microenvironment to prevent local postsurgical recurrence and distant metastasis. The combination therapy may advance therapeutic efficacy that prevent metastasis, chemoresistance and mortality in TNBC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is a condition of lower abdominal pain in women who are menstruating. Dysmenorrhea is commonly experienced by adolescent women. Because of the prevalence of this pain, the search for alternative therapies is carried out by using lavender aromatherapy. The study was conducted to identify the knowledge of adolescent women in Surabaya City regarding the use of lavender aromatherapy as a menstrual pain reliever. The instrument used was a questionnaire containing 24 statements about menstruation and alternative treatment of lavender aromatherapy. Purposive sampling used with inclusion criteria of adolescent girls aged 15-20 years and had experienced menstruation. The study was conducted in 3 state high schools, 3 private high schools and 1 university with a total of 261 respondents. Scoring was done by giving value = 1 for a correct answer and 0 for a wrong answer. Respondents with the total score >12 were categorized as good knowledge and the total score ≤12 were categorized as poor knowledge. Most respondents (88.5%) had good knowledge but some of these respondents (11.5%) did not know about how to use and the side effects of lavender aromatherapy. Education is needed, especially in terms of safety, use, and mechanism of action of aromatherapy as an alternative treatment for menstrual pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To assess the nutrition status of leukemic children at admission & its effect on the treatment outcome. Method 163 patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) below the age of 14 years with L1 & L2 FAB morphology were included in this study. All the smaple were of newly diagnosed & untreated patients. Treatment protocol used was FBM. Serum Total Protein (STP) were also recorded before treatment & Malnutrition classification was done( Sue Rodwell 1985) as Well-nourished (G-O), Mildly Malnourished (G-l),Moderately Malnourished (G-2) & Severely Malnourished (G-3). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA. Results patients Well-Nourished (WN) were 47% &53% were Under-Nourished (UN).Out of these 163 patients mildly malnourished were 227%, moderately malnourished 12% & severely malnourished were 19%. Overall Treatment outcome show that the patients who completed their treatment & alive alive, 5% relapsed & 45% expiries were observed WN(Grade-0). 56%completed treatment & alive, 11% relapsed & 33% expiries were observed in Grade-I. 50%completed treatment & alive, 19% relapsed & 31% expiries were observed in Grade-II, 46 % completed treatment & alive, 4% relapsed & 50% expiries were observed in Grade-III. Conclusions Our data were not significant (P=0.50) to prove the hypothesis that the Proetien malnutrition negatively effects the treatment outcome in Pakistani children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on global mental health including anxiety and depression rates, many factors affected the vulnerability to these psychological conditions amongst university students. Aim: To explore the level of anxiety and depression of university students living in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in which an electronic survey was created and distributed, university students residing in Jordan participated in the study. Results: A total of 1241 students were enrolled in the study. The mean anxiety score among males and females was (9.68 (SD = 4.10)) and (10.46 (SD = 4.14)), respectively. 42.1% of males had "abnormal" anxiety score compared to 48.4% females. The mean depression score among males (7.77 (SD = 4.31)) was similar to that for the females (7.64 (SD = 4.14)), and 26.0% of the males had "abnormal" depression score compared to 22.6% of the females. Factors affecting anxiety scores included younger age, being a female, taking medication/s, or drinking two cups of coffee or more a day. Conclusion: With 46% and 24% of students suffering from abnormal anxiety and depression respectively, it is important for education policy makers to take immediate measures to allocate students in need of psychological assessment and help to deliver suitable interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent development in using wind turbines for urban areas results in inserting turbines inside buildings. As buildings' walls may act as a duct for the turbine, this study focuses on a ducted wind turbine with a fixed duct geometry. A method is organized for achieving the improved generated power and the wind speed augmentation with fixed geometry of duct regardless of the type of the turbine, which is the aim of building designers. Using a porous disc (PD) instead of a wind turbine rotor makes the study cost and time effective. PDs within a duct help estimate any given duct's maximum available power extraction capability. In addition, experimental and numerical tests examine the effect of PDs solidity on the performance of diffuser augmented wind turbines and the corresponding economic analysis. Both experimental and numerical results agree that the power coefficient highly depends on the solidities of the PD. The power coefficient of a ducted PD with a solidity of 0.3 is augmented by up to 30%. Nevertheless, in some cases, employing a duct can contribute to the power reduction if the solidity exceeds a critical value. A smoke visualization technique helps vortex study. Economic assessment of a ducted turbine for three scenarios belonging to Germany and Italy shows a 15.3% decline in cost per electricity production. The payback period decreases by 3.42 years, 7.68 months, and 6.36 months for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage systems have a critical part in enabling greater use of intermittent energy resources. For a sustainable energy supply mix, compressed air energy storage systems offer several advantages through the integration of practical and flexible types of equipment in the overall energy system. The primary advantage of these systems is the management of the duration of the peak load of multiple generation sources in 'islanded operation' without connection to the electricity network. Here, research introduces and analyzes a novel multigeneration system for electrical power, cooling, heating, potable water, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen production to improve the industrial aspects of the system for more profitability and efficiency with lower environmental impacts. The system involves three main sub-systems: CAES, combined cooling, heat & power, and a desalination unit. To assess the performance of the system, technical, economic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental studies are conducted. The results regarding the energy and exergy studies reveal that the system presents great potential for reliable operation during peak demand hours. The round-trip efficiency is 74.5 % producing 1721 kW of electrical power with concurrent cooling and heating loads at 272.9 and 334.6 kW, respectively. Economically, the levelized costs of heating/cooling, clean desalinated water, and electricity are 26.4 US$/GJ, 2 US$/lit, and 4.5 cents/kWh, respectively. Finally, the outcomes of the exergoenvironmental study display that the sustainability index for the system is 1.7. [Display omitted] • Proposing an innovative configuration for a multigeneration system based on CAES. • Technical, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental investigations. • Environmental issues are significantly diminished by employing an electrodialysis for hydrogen and NaClO production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slip velocity effects on the performance of an SD7037 wind turbine blade are processed. The slip boundary condition is associated with applying a superhydrophobic coating on the leading edge to avoid icing. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach and the Transition-SST (Shear Stress Transport) viscous model are applied for a pitch-oscillating and a static airfoil with a range of slip lengths at Reynolds number of 4 × 10 4. The dynamic motion of the airfoil causes the dynamic stall (DS) phenomenon. This study focuses on investigating the effects of superhydrophobicity on deep DS and resultant aerodynamic loads under different reduced frequencies. For the static blade, the slip causes significant influences on the aerodynamic coefficients at a post-stall angle of attack: the lift coefficient is increased by 20%, and the drag is decreased by 30%. The airfoil shows weak loadings at low angles of attack. For the dynamic blade under DS, the reduced frequency varies from 0.05 to 0.20. The aerodynamic characteristics have the maximum dependency on the slip boundary conditions when the reduced frequency equals 0.12. Increasing the slip length postpones the DS vortices growth and DS occurrence angle of attack, regardless of reduced frequencies. [Display omitted] • Flow over an airfoil with slip velocity at various reduced frequencies is assessed. • A superhydrophobic surface is considered at the leading edge to avoid icing. • For the static airfoil in post-stall, lift increases and drag reduces remarkably. • While pitch-oscillating, load peaks reduce sharply, as the slip length increases. • At the highest slip length, dynamic stall no longer occurs for all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing sustainable energy resources is a promising technique to overcome the growing demands for environmentally friendly and low-priced energy. Presented work carries out the design, analysis, and optimization process of an original multigeneration facility to produce power, cooling, heating, freshwater, and hydrogen. Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and environmental assessments are conducted to investigate essential performance indicators. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to determine the most optimal conditions for system operation. Obtained results from the exergy study reveal that the solar cycle contributed the most to exergy destruction around 39.5 % of overall value. Also, the exergoenvironmental assessment identifies that the exergoenvironment factor, exergy stability factor and environmental damage effectiveness are 1.35, 0.82, and 3.67, respectively. Also, obtained results from the optimization show that the optimum condition for system operation leads to economic and technical parameters improvement. The total unit cost of the product, the exergy efficiency, work output, and Levelized costs of water, hydrogen, and electricity are 61.2 US$/GJ, 41.07 %, 48.32 kW, 5.58 US$/m3, 2.99 US$/kg, and 6.32 cent/kWh. Also, the system avoids the emission of 2965.45 tons of CO 2. • Investigation of a novel poly-generation system for power, cooling, heating, hydrogen, and freshwater production • Assessments of energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and environmental parameters • MOPSO optimization to provide an optimum working condition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stridor presenting soon after birth due to bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is rare. We report a family with bilateral VCP affecting four male members in two generations and hence suggesting X-linked recessive inheritance. Severe stridor in the neonatal period requires meticulous airway evaluation, and tracheostomy in 35-70% cases. The current trend is towards conservative management and tracheostomy is avoided unless respiratory distress is severe or life-threatening. Neonatal VCP can be an isolated finding, or it can be familial with or without syndromic features. There are very few reports of non-syndromic familial cases. Unlike the cases reported previously, none of our patients required prolonged intubation or tracheostomy suggesting an excellent prognosis in such cases. This is the first case study of congenital familial non-syndromic VCP reported from the Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ground heat exchanger has the lowest exergy efficiency and a thermodynamic perfection, so its optimization is vital. • Entropy generation minimization is used as objective function. • Simulation of optimized ground heat pump is carried out to obtain its energy consumption. • Six different circulating fluids are evaluated in geothermal heat pump system. • Ethylene glycol is selected as the best solution for using in the GHP. One significant obstacle to the adoption of geothermal heat pump (GHP) technology is the installation costs of geothermal heat exchangers (GHE). Cost reduction through optimization of system parameter offers the potential for increased applications. In the current work, five major parameters are considered: length, radius, well numbers, the flow discharge inside the pipe, and the pipe's external radius for optimization using a genetic algorithm (GA) for a residential building in hot climatic conditions. In addition, system optimization is critical in determining values of design parameters for assessing the impact different circulating fluids on the energy consumption of GHP. A ten-year simulation is undertaken to evaluate the capacity of various circulating fluids and their effects on energy consumption reduction. The simulation shows a significant decrease in energy consumption based on varying levels of Ethylene glycol, Methanol, Potassium acetate, Sodium chloride, Freezium™ compared to pure Water in the GHP. The COP of the GHP system is also calculated with different circulating fluids. In addition, the circulating fluid with the highest performance loss during ten years of operation is identified. Based on the results, Ethylene glycol is selected as the preferred solution for use in the GHP. In the present study, we have also established the optimum configuration of GHEs according to a reliable evolutionary algorithm for investigating the effect of various circulating fluids on the system's energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]