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This is the first time the concept of total quality management in burn injuries is proposed. This is a prospective study done in 1997-2003. All burn admissions to King Fahd Hospital of the University, Division of Plastic Surgery, were included. Total number of cases is 240. Male patients constituted 141 (59.2%); female patients, 97 (40.8%), and 2 cases were not specified in forms. There were 114 children (0-18 years, 50.2%) and 113 adults (19-99 years, 49.8%). The source of admission was mainly emergency room (197, 82%) followed by outpatient department (27, 11.3%), and other hospitals in 16 (6.7%). The type of burn was mainly scald (16.3%), then flame (6.98%), electrical (6.5%), chemical (2.8%), friction (0.47%), and not specified in 33% of recorded cases. The most encountered body percentage burn was 1% to 10% and 11% to 20% in 36.7% and 25.9% of cases, respectively. Sixty-six cases (28.2%) were operated on. The reason for nonoperation was not indicated in 78.5% and refusal in 1.8%. The most frequent operation was split-thickness skin grafting followed by tangential excision + split-thickness skin grafting. Operations took mostly about 2 hours (53.8%). The region operated on was mainly upper limbs (42.6%), then head and neck (27.7%). The affected body part in electrical burns was upper limb, then the head. Preoperative photography was done in 17% and post operatively in 9.4% of recorded cases. Consultations were needed in 39.4% and responded to in 48 hours in 98.2% of them. Discharge was home in 80.9%, against medical advice in 7.5%, died in 7%, transferred in 4%, and other ward in 0.5%. No significant difference was observed between pediatric age groups and adults (>18 years old), also for electrical versus nonelectrical burns in relation to total hospital stay. Similar observations were made among various age groups with respect to total hospital stay. The clinicopathologic typing relation to age groups, nationality, and sex was found significant. Recommendations and the newly proposed zone of practice and concept of total quality management in burn injuries are included. Language: en

Background: The primary goal of cardiac surgery is not just a minimally acceptable outcome where the patient survives without life threatening complications, but a healthy productive long term survivor. There is no universally accepted technique for anesthesia management during cardiac surgery,Anesthetic protocols in cardiac surgery are investigated and analyzed in terms of their effect on post-operative mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction following cardiac surgery, needs for inotropic support, time to extubation, time on mechanical ventilation, and hospital length of stay. Fast–track tracheal extubation (within 6 hours after the surgery) after cardiac surgery has become a methods which is believed to facilitate this must be validated. One of these methods, is the use of intra-operative monitoring Modalities, such as (BIS) which is a value derived from electroencephalogram, and had been used as a measure of anesthesia effect. We performed this study in An-najah National University Hospital / Palestine to investigate the role of BIS monitoring on time to extubate and CCU length of stay after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Methods: In a randomized control study we used the bispectral index monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass between 40-50 and in the CCU between 60-70 until extubation. 100 patients between the age of 30 and 75 years undergoing elective cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and patients undergoing elective valve replacement or repair, from 01/10/2015 to 01/04/2016 were assigned for this study, randomized to 50 patients each in the BIS group and the conventional group. Results: Extubation time data were available for 100 patients. The median time to extubate (320) minutes in the BIS group and (365) minutes in conventional group. The median CCU length of stay (24.1) hours in BIS group and (24.3) hours in conventional group. Regarding hospital length of stay, there was no difference in between the two groups, with median time of (5 days) in both groups. Conclusions: Data from this study suggested that the use of the BIS monitor during cardio pulmonary bypass does not confer an advantage in reducing time to extubation, CCU length of stay, or overall hospital length of stay.

We present two Arabic texts of historic observations of supernova SN 1006 from Yemen as reported by al-Yamani and Ibn al-Dayba (14th to 16th century AD). An English translation of the report by the latter was given before (Stephenson & Green 2002), but the original Arabic text was not yet published. In addition, we present for the first time the earlier report, also from Yemen, namely by al-Yamani in its original Arabic and with our English translation. It is quite obvious that the report by Ibn al-Dayba is based on the report by al-Yamani (or a common source), but the earlier report by al-Yamani is more detailed and in better (Arabic) language. We discuss in detail the dating of these observations. The most striking difference to other reports about SN 1006 is the apparent early discovery in Yemen in the evening of 15th of Rajab of the year 396h (i.e. AD 1006 Apr 17 \pm 2 on the Julian calendar), as reported by both al-Yamani and Ibn al-Dayba. i.e. about 1.5 weeks earlier than the otherwise earliest known reports. We also briefly discuss other information from the Yemeni reports on brightness, light curve, duration of visibility, location, stationarity, and color., 9 pages with 3 figures

Egypt is facing acute diesel oil shortage with some national figures estimating the current imports to be half of the consumption. The combined Coal and Biomass to Liquids (CBtL) route is promising production alternative as it is based on two commercially proven sections; Coal/Biomass blend gasification and Fischer-Tropsch. This paper proposes a novel strategic combination between “Maghara” Egyptian Coal and Miscanthus energy crop. To assess the technical performance of this blend, three different routes were studied; BtL using Miscanthus, CtL using coal, and CBtL using 70-30 blend. Aspen plusTM was used to model these routes, and the pinch technology analysis was used to conduct energy integration. It was found that the three routes don’t need external heating agents while huge amount of cooling water is required. The CBtL route was found to be competitive to CtL in the fuel yields. CBtL diesel yield amounts to 162 kg/t feed compared to 167 for the CtL, and the naphtha yield was found to be about 70 kg/t feed for both. In addition to the comparable fuel yields factor, it can be concluded that CBtL route is favored to the CtL route due to less cooling water consumption (6.6 vs. 7.1 m3/t feed), higher thermal efficiency (48% vs. 44% on lower heating value basis including export power) and lower GHG (0.96 vs. 1.5 t CO2/ t feed)., Proceedings of the 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 23-26 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 1208-1219

We present a series of 40 cases who underwent reconstructive procedures using rectus abdominis myocutaneous units. The transplanted tissue comprised superior pedicle (26 cases), inferior pedicle (11 cases), and as free muscle flap (3 cases). The application fell into three groups i.e.; 1. breast and chest wall reconstruction; 2. groin, genital, and trochanteric area; and 3. leg and heel ulcer. The results show that surgical dissection of flaps is relatively easy and has a wide range of applications that can be used for different surgical reconstructive problems. Surgical dissection has a low incidence of complication for flap viability as well as for donor site.

Of the many astronomical observations which are recorded in ancient and medieval history, perhaps the most interesting and useful relate to solar eclipses. Obscurations of the Sun are often noticed by the casual observer and may indeed leave a profound impression on him if the degree of obscuration of the Sun is very large. In particular, total solar eclipses are responsible for the onset of sudden and intense darkness, during which the brighter planets and stars may become visible. Hence ancient and medieval accounts of solar eclipses (and to a lesser extent lunar obscurations) are not confined to treatises on astronomy. They also tend to be reported fairly frequently in chronicles and other writings of a historical nature. The only other celestial phenomena regularly to attract widespread attention in ancient and medieval times were comets. However, in chronological studies, eclipses have a distinct advantage over comets. Both solar and lunar obscurations last for only a few hours and their exact date of occurrence can be computed, as well as the time of day (or night) when the event took place. Comets, on the other hand, often remain visible for several weeks and only for Halley's Comet can useful computations of visibility be made.