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自噬作为一种细胞应对代谢应激的代偿机制，能使肿瘤细胞适应代谢应激，阻止细胞凋亡、促其存活，表皮生长因子受体（ EGFR）通路在自噬功能调节中发挥一定作用。自噬与表达 EGFR 肿瘤的发生发展有关，早期可抑制细胞癌变，在成熟的肿瘤细胞中则可维持其存活、抑制凋亡。自噬还参与了 EGFR 靶向药物耐药性形成，抑制自噬可显著增加 EGFR 靶向治疗的敏感性。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dongshan Bay in Zhangzhou City is one of the important bases for kelp aquaculture in Fujian Province. The bacterial community in the sediment of one kelp aquaculture area was investigated to reveal the structural composition of the bacterial community in the sediment at different growth stages of kelp. It was found that before culturing kelp in the sea area, the dominant bacteria in the sediment were Bacillus genus bacteria. During the uneven stage, smooth stage, adult stage and maturation stage of kelp growth, the dominant bacterial groups in sediment were strains in Paenisporosarcina, Halobacillus, Sulfitobacter and Sulfitobacter, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　根据老年高血压患者的个体情况采取针对性的联合降压药物及生物反馈治疗，观察其疗效。方法　将５０３例老年高血压患者随机分成对照组和观察组，对照组给予常规降压治疗，观察组在此基础上根据血清同型半胱氨酸（Ｈｃｙ）、微量蛋白尿水平和焦虑抑郁评分结果给予叶酸、阿托伐他汀和（或）生物反馈治疗。比较两组血压达标情况、Ｈｃｙ及尿微量白蛋白水平、焦虑抑郁评分，观察１年后主要不良事件（ＭＡＣＥ）发生率。结果　治疗１年后，观察组坐位血压、血清Ｈｃｙ、尿微量白蛋白及焦虑抑郁评分均低于对照组，Ｐ均＜０．０１。观察组血压达标２３９例（９５．６％）、达标时间（６．２±２．４）个月，对照组分别为２１２例（８５．５％）、（８．３±２．１）个月，Ｐ均＜０．０１。观察组ＭＡＣＥ发生率（８．４％）明显低于对照组（１６．９％），Ｐ＜０．０１。结论　根据老年高血压患者的Ｈｃｙ水平、微量白蛋白尿水平、焦虑抑郁评分给予个体化治疗及生物反馈治疗，可有效降低血压，保护靶器官。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

随着中医药高等教育教学改革的不断深化,越来越多的教育工作者对形成性评价进行了实践性研究.为了更好地在中医专业教育 中有效地开展形成性评价,笔者试从知识评价与情感评价两个方面探讨人文关怀理念在中医学形成性评价实施过程中的意义,以期通过中医 学自身特色对形成性评价是“以学生为主体”的评价方式作以讨论. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the applicability of the extended screening model to carry out screening of deafness susceptibility genes in pregnancy in Tianjin. Methods: Combined with the distribution of deafness gene mutation sites in Tianjin resident population obtained under the model of newborn hearing and gene screening, the susceptibility genes of 1427 pregnant women and some of the spouses of pregnant women were tested for extended genetic deafness susceptibility genes. A total of 208 mutation sites in 24 genes related to deafness, including GJB2 and GJB3, were screened and analyzed by high -throughput sequencing. Positive results identified by high -throughput sequencing were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. After verifying that the pregnant women were carriers of the disease -causing mutations on genes from the nuclear genome, their spouses were also analyzed via the same test scheme as described above, in addition to full-length analysis of the same gene identified in the female. Results: Among 1427 pregnant women tested, 100 individuals with at least one pathogenic mutations of deafness genes were found by extended deafness gene screening, including 45 individuals with GJB2 gene mutations, 41 carriers of heterozygous mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, 2 carriers of heterozygous mutations in the TMPRSS3 gene, 1 carrier of LRTOMT gene mutation, and 11 individuals with homogeneous mutations on the mitochondrial gene MT-RNR1. Spouses of the above individuals with genomic deafness gene mutations were screened following the same procedures, and 6 deafness gene mutation carriers were detected, with 5 of them carrying mutations on the same gene as their spouses. Nine out of the 100 individuals detected by the extended screening scheme would have been missed using the original screening scheme, which only tests for 20 hotspot mutations from 4 target genes. Conclusions: Genetic screening for deafness related mutations in pregnant or pre-pregnant couples allows for earlier detection of potential birth defects, which can serve as a supplement to the newborn hearing concurrent gene screening program for hearing impairment. With advances in sequencing technology and decrease of sequencing costs, the application of extended screening scheme can help to identify additional carriers of deafness gene mutations missed by the original testing scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to identify the spatial layout of land use in the black soil area, grasp its spatial and temporal evolution patterns, discover potential problems in the temporal evolution of black soil, and explore the path of comprehensive land remediation in the black soil area. [Methods] Based on the 2000 and 2020 Landsat series ETM/TM/OIL remote sensing interpretation data of Bin County, a typical black soil area in Heilongjiang Province, the ecology-production-living of Bin County were identified. The methods of land use transfer matrix and landscape pattern index were employed to grasp the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and functional trends of the ecology-production-living space in the black soil area, and improve the path of comprehensive land remediation in the black soil area. [Results] From 2000 to 2020, there were dynamic changes of different magnitudes in the area of ecological-production-living spaces in the black soil area of Bin County, but the area was still dominated by production space, accounting for 90.86% and 89.54% of the area, respectively. The ecology-production-living function had changed, the production function had turned to the life function and the ecological function obviously, and the life function and the ecological function had kept a balance. With the strengthening of urbanization, the land encroachment problem was increasing, and the landscape fragmentation degree of different spaces, mainly living space, was constantly increasing, and the landscape complexity was increasing. [Conclusion] The black soil area was dominated by production space, and different spaces and functions were transferred to each other. Black soil land remediation should fully grasp the coupled and coordinated relationship between land use, functional demand and service supply, and realize comprehensive land regulation in the black soil area based on policy comprehensiveness, planning diversification and technology synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Saline water and brackish water resources are widely distributed, which are important alternative water resources in arid and semi-arid areas. They are also important sources of national strategic mineral resources such as lithium and potassium salts. Monitoring the key indicators such as nitrate and nitrite in saline water and brackish water is an important prerequisite for the comprehensive utilization of water resources. There are various methods for determining nitrates and nitrites, including spectrophotometry, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemistry, chromatography, and flow injection analysis. Among them, chromatography and electrochemistry require expensive and complex instruments or reagent; while spectrophotometry, although using simple equipment, has complex manual operation. Flow injection analysis is an analytical method that integrates sampling, enrichment, separation, and detection and can be used to achieve online detection and analysis. It has been widely used in freshwater and seawater analysis, but for saline water samples with higher salinity, the method has not been studied in depth. OBJECTIVES: To establish an analytical method for the determination of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in saline water and brackish water using a fully automatic flow injection analyzer to expand the scope of application of the instrument and achieve simultaneous determination of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in saline water, brackish water and freshwater. METHOD: An analytical method suitable for the determination of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in saline and brackish water was established using a fully automatic flow injection analyzer after optimizing experimental conditions such as instrument working parameters, the affection of sulfonamide and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine concentration, the ammonium chloride concentration and pH value in buffer solution. RESULTS: The optimal instrumental operating conditions were selected through condition optimization experiments. The effects of chromogenic agent concentration and medium were investigated, as well as the buffer solution concentration and its pH value. Finally, sulfanilamide concentration was selected as 40g/L, hydrochloric acid-naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride concentration was selected as 1.0g/L as the optimal chromogenic concentration. Ammonium chloride concentration was selected as 60g/L, and the pH value was set to 8.5 to configure buffer solution. Under this condition, cadmium column had a reduction rate of more than 95% for nitrate nitrogen. Using pure water as carrier flow, this method can be used to accurately determine the content of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in water samples with salinity ranging from 0 to 5%. When the carrier flow was configured to have the same salinity as the sample to be tested, it effectively improved the recovery efficiency of high-salinity samples and extended the tolerance range of this method to about 24% salinity. The detection limits of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were 0.002mg/L and 0.001mg/L, respectively, with measurement ranges of 0- 2.00mg/L and 0-1.00mg/L. The analysis results of national standard substances and actual samples show that this method has good precision and accuracy, as well as a high degree of automation and short analysis cycle, which are suitable for the analysis of large quantities of samples. CONCLUSION: A method for the determination of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in saline water and brackish water samples was established. This method can be used to accurately determine the content of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in brackish water and saline water to achieve efficient online automation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to establish the IPEC-J2 cell line with MDH2 gene knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology and investigate whether MDH2 gene knockout confers resistance to deoxynivalenol. sgRNA sequences targeting MDH2 gene were designed and cloned into PX459 vector; the recombinant plasmid PX459-sgRNA-MDH2 was introduced into the IPEC-J2 cells by electroporation，and puromycin was added to screen KO cell colony generations. The MDH2 KO single cell colony generations were isolated by limited dilution method and validated by genotype sequencing, quantitative PCR and Western blotting to obtain MDH2-KO monoclonal cell colony generation. Finally, the cell viability was detected by CCK8 kit and apoptosis and necrosis assay kit to determine the resistance of MDH2 knockout cell colony generation to deoxynivalenol. The sequencing results showed that the MDH2 knockout vector was successfully constructed. The obtained cell colony generations were validated as MDH2 knockout monoclonal cell colony generations by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. The CCK8 cell viability assay showed that knockout of MDH2 increased the viability of IPEC-J2 cells by 18.67%, 19.59%, 26.36%, and 27.01% at different concentrations of deoxynivalenol（4, 2, 1, and 0.5 μg/mL）for 5 d compared with wild-type cells. Flow cytometry assays showed that knockout of MDH2 reduced the mortality rate of IPEC-J2 cells by 30.33%, 15.81%, 16.00%, and 14.70% at different concentrations of deoxynivalenol respectively compared with wild-type cells for 5 d. We obtained the MDH2-KO monoclonal cell colony generation by editing the MDH2 gene in IPEC-J2 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The resistance of MDH2-KO cell colony generation to deoxynivalenol was demonstrated by cell viability and cell death assays, which provids insight into the toxic mechanism of deoxynivalenol-induced cell death and offers a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of deoxynivalenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound plant essential oil on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens. A total of 288 one day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into four groups, which were control group, C. per⁃ fringens-infected group, infection + compound plant essential oil CTA (100 mg/kg) group, and infection + compound plant essential oil CAT (100 mg/kg) group, with 6 replicates in each group. The CTA and CAT was obtained by mixing thymol, cinnam⁃ aldehyde and anisaldehyde at the ratios of 1:3: 1 and 1:1:3, respectively. The experimental pe⁃ riod lasted for 42 days. The broiler chickens were infected by infusion of 1 mL of 1×108 CFU/mL C. perfringens solution from 15 to 21 d. The result showed that compared with the control group, the infected group decreased the feed intake (P=0.093), sig⁃ nificantly decreased villus height, increased crypt depth, significantly up- regulated the mRNA expres⁃ sion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in jejunum at 21 days of age (P<0.05), significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of (iNOS), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in spleen at 21 days of age, and signifi⁃ cantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-8 in cecum tonsil at 28 days of age; compared with the infected group, the infection+CTA and infection+CAT groups significantly increased the villus height and villus crypt ratio, significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), Tolllike receptor-4 (TLR4), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-8 mRNA in jejunum at 21 days of age (P<0.05), and significantly increased the mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-13 (IL-13), interferon- γ (IFN- γ), and transforming growth factor- β4 in jejunum at 28 days (P<0.05), significantly down regulated the mRNA expression of IL-8 in cecum tonsil at 28 days (P<0.05). The infection+CTA group significantly down regulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β in spleen at 21 days and significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of immunoglobulin A (IgA)、IL-13 in jejunum and serum IgA levels at 28 days of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of compound plant essential oil to the diet could improve digestion and absorption capacity and regulate inflammation to alleviate the immune responses of broilers intestine and spleen by C. perfringens. The ad⁃ dition of compound plant essential oil CTA showed superior effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Exploring the interrelationship between the carbon and water cycles in watersheds in the context of global climate change has significant implications for the scientific allocation of water resources in watersheds. Methods] Xijiang River Basin was taken as an example, the water use efficiency (WUE) of regional ecosystem vegetation was quantified based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) data in GLASS products from 2001 to 2018, then the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of WUE and its influencing factors were studied by using the methods of trend analysis and partial correlation analysis. [Results] The WUE of vegetation in Xijiang River Basin generally showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2018. The WUE of forest land grew at the fastest rate. followed by grassland and the slowest by cropland. In terms of spatial distribution. WlJE values gradually increased from cultivated land in central Guangxi to the surrounding areas, and low WlJE values also sporadically distributed in the tablelands and hilly areas in the eastern of Yunnan. WlJE values in 15.23% and 12.12% of the area of Xijiang River Basin were significantly and positively correlated with temperature and precipitation. respectively. WlJE in 11.54% of the area of Xijiang River Basin was significantly and negatively correlated with solar radiation. NDVT was significantly and positively correlated with WlJE; WlJE with the rise of the altitude showed a rising-flat-rising trend. and at altitude of around 2 1 ()0 m. there is a significant fluctuation of WlJE. [Conclusion] The above results indicate that climate factors, NDVT> altitude and human activities all affect the water use efficiency of Xijiang River Basin to different degrees. This study can provide reference for the management of stone desertification in the southwest karst region of China and the construction of ecological protection forest system in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore whether total intravenous anesthesia with ciprofol combined with remifentanil is safe and effective for tethered cord surgery in children. Methods A total of 66 children with tethered cord syndrome undergoing tethered cord release were randomized into two groups of propofol (p, n=33) and ciprofol (c, n=33).Both groups were induced with the same doses of midazolam, sufentanil and cisatracurium.Endotracheal intubation was performed after attaining intubation conditions.Intraoperative anesthesia was maintained by an intravenous infusion of remifentanil, propofol (group P) and ciprofol (group C).Total doses of anesthetics and time of extubation post-operation were recorded along with heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), finger pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2), depth of anesthesia (BIS) before intubation (T1), after intubation (T2), during skin incision (T3), during epidural incision (T4), at end of surgery (T5) and during extubation (T6).Ramsay score and adverse events were also analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in extubation time[Group P(33.42±1.92) min vs.Group C(33.00±1.76) min], remifentanil volume[Group P(528.84±46.82) μg vs. Group C(504.84±43.16) μg], intravenous infusion volume[Group P(492.7±32.26) mL vs.Group C(450.0±29.27) mL], blood loss volume[Group P(7.73±0.66) mL vs.Group C(7.27±0.69) mL], urine volume[Group P(110.61±13.64) mL vs.Group C(106.78±8.44) mL], HR, MAP and BIS between the two groups. The Ramsay Score in Group P(2.27±0.08) point was significantly higher than that in Group C(2.03±0.05) point The incidence ofinjection pain in Group P(5/28) was significantly higher than that in Group C(0/33). The propofol infusion (287.12±26.15) mg was 4.17 times as much as the ciprofol infusion(68.86±4.92) mg. Conclusion Compared with propofol, the incidence of injection pain and Ramsay Score of ciprofol is lower. Total intravenous anesthesia with ciprofol combined with remifentanil is safe and effective for tethered cord surgery in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IO Die can be used as an IO extension chip, or a chiplet, which can be reused for multiple projects. This paper proposes an agile verification method of an IO Die. In order to reuse cross-level test cases, three levels (sub-system level, cluster level and whole chip level) are realized on the verification platform, and test cases at each verification level are optimized. Coverage drive, configurable constraint generation and multi-objective optimization methods are adopted respectively to improve the generation efficiency of test cases. Experimental results show that, this method can reduce the cost and time and effectively achieve Known Good Die (KGD) on the premise of ensuring efficiency and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　 To compare the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis between gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma （SRCC） and gastric mixed-signet ring cell carcinoma （Mixed-SRCC） in order to provide reference for indi⁃ vidualized and precise treatment of gastric cancer. Methods　 Totally 481 patients with gastric cancer containing signetring cell components underwent radical resection， including 161 cases of gastric SRCC and 320 cases of gastric mixed- SRCC. The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of gastric mixed-SRCC and gastric mixed-SRCC were compared. The prognostic factors for gastric SRCC and gastric mixed-SRCC were analyzed. Results　 The proportions of gastric SRCC with tumor diameter > 5 cm， tumor located in the lower 1/3 of the stomach， negative lymph node metastasis and T1a depth of invasion were higher than those of mixed-SRCC（ all P<0. 05）. The proportions of patients with distal gastrectomy， tumor diameter > 5 cm， invasion depth T1a and pathological stage ⅠA in early gastric SRCC were higher than those in early gastric mixed-SRCC. The proportions of patients with negative lymph node metastasis and negative vascular invasion in advanced gastric SRCC were higher than those in gastric mixed-SRCC （all P<0. 05）. The overall 3-year survival rate of patients with gastric SRCC was higher than that of patients with gastric mixed-SRCC； the 3-year survival rate of patients with advanced gastric SRCC was higher than that of patients with advanced gastric mixed-SRCC（ both P<0. 05）. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis （HR=0. 407， 95%CI： 0. 177-0. 937， P=0. 035）， depth of tumor invasion （HR=4. 409， 95% CI： 1. 269-15. 322， P=0. 020）， and pathological staging （HR=4. 365， 95% CI： 1. 546-12. 324， P= 0. 005） were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric SRCC. Lymph node metastasis （HR=0. 241， 95% CI： 0. 137-0. 424， P<0. 001） and pathological staging（ HR=3. 496， 95% CI： 1. 311-9. 321， P=0. 012） were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric mixed-SRCC. Conclusions　 Compared with gastric mixed-SRCC， the invasion depth of gastric SRCC is relatively shallow， the pathological stage is earlier， and the overall prognosis is better. Compared with gastric SRCC， gastric mixed-SRCC has a stronger tendency of lymph node metastasis， and positive lymph node metastasis is related to the poor prognosis of mixed-SRCC. The prognosis of advanced gastric mixed-SRCC is worse than that of gastric SRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth regulators ( PGRs) are defined as naturally occurring or artificially synthesized compounds. The functions of PGRs mainly include accelerating or delaying seed germination, breaking plant dormancy, stimulating or reducing bud elongation, inducing flowering and fruiting, and affecting the aging process. The application of PGRs has effectively promoted the growth of plants. However, the application concentration of PGRs is more than one millionth. The large amount of abuse and misuse of PGRs in the process of use not only reduces the yield of crops, but also exacerbates their residues in the environment, especially in agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables. So, they are detected in many environmental media like fruits, vegetables, and water. In addition, most PGRs are toxic, and some of them will undergo adsorption, desorption, hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial degradation, and other environmental behaviors after entering the soil. The decomposition products produced by this process are more toxic. In order to comprehensively understand the current status of PGRs pretreatment, analysis and test method, the common pretreatment methods of solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for typical PGRs in solid substrates such as fruits and vegetables, fertilizers and soil, and in liquid substrates such as water, edible oil and nutrient solution are summarized in this paper, as well as the analysis and testing techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Moreover, to reduce the detection limit, high - performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS / MS) is also frequently used. At the same time, considering the strong natural attenuation ability of PGRs and the high toxicity of their intermediates, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different testing techniques are systematically summarized, taking into account the special structure and nature of PGRs, in order to fully understand the current status of pretreatment and analytical testing of PGRs and provide literature support for subsequent research on analytical testing, migration transformation, pollution evaluation and treatment of PGRs. Due to many impurities in the sample that can interfere with the detection, the appropriate pretreatment method can improve the accuracy of the test results. However, the sample pretreatment process accounts for more than 70% of the total analysis and test work, and about 50% of the error in the final test results comes from pretreatment. Therefore, establishing a fast, simple, and stable pretreatment method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of analysis and detection. At present, the forms of environmental media detected for PGRs are mainly divided into two types: solid matrix samples (such as fruits, vegetables, fertilizers and soil, etc. ) and liquid matrix samples (water, oil and nutrient solution, etc. ). The related pretreatment methods are also mostly targeted at these two different forms of environmental media. Solid substrates involving PGRs mainly include fruits and vegetables, fertilizers and soil. Among them, fruits and vegetables are the most frequently detected solid substrates of PGRs, and some PGRs have also been detected in fertilizers, soil and other substrates. The pretreatment process of solid matrix samples can be divided into two parts: extraction and purification. Among them, solid phase extraction is the most commonly used extraction technology, and QuEChERS method is the most widely used purification method. Water, edible oil, and nutrient solution are the most frequently detected liquid substrates of PGRs. At present, liquid-liquid extraction is the most commonly used extraction method for liquid matrix. For the selection of extractants, the octanol-water partition coefficient of PGRs such as gibberellic acid and ethephon is less than 1, which is a strong polar compound and can be extracted by hydrophilic organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and acetone; the polarity of most other PGRs such as forchlorfenuron and paclobutrazol is relatively weak, but it still belongs to the category of strong polarity compared with other kinds of compounds such as benzene and chloroethane (n-octanol-water partition coefficient>10). Therefore, the extractant can not only use methanol, but also use polar organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and chloroform that are insoluble in water. Although liquidliquid extraction requires a lot of extractants, the high-water solubility of most PGRs makes them often directly detected by HPLC-MS / MS, which eliminates the complex pretreatment steps such as extraction and purification. In addition, because some PGRs have poor chromatographic characteristics or are not easily detected, the derivatization is also required to convert the components into derivatives suitable for analysis. Analytical and testing technologies mainly include gas chromatography ( GC), gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), HPLC / UPLC, HPLC-MS / MS, ion chromatography ( IC), spectrophotometry ( SP), capillary electrophoresis ( CE), enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) and electrochemical sensor method. At present, the solubility of most PGRs in water (20℃ ) is 0. 50-10g / L, and the octanol-water partition coefficient of most PGRs is 0 - 4, with strong hydrophilicity. Therefore, HPLC - MS / MS are applicable to the detection of almost all PGRs. However, HPLC-MS / MS are often used to detect the residues of PGRs in fruits and vegetables, followed by soil and fertilizer, while there are few related studies in natural water. This may be due to the rapid natural decay rate of PGRs in the natural environment, resulting in extremely small amounts of residues in natural water bodies such as surface water and groundwater that cannot be directly detected. GC has the advantages of low cost and easy maintenance, and GC -MS has become a conventional testing technology. However, GC -MS are greatly affected by sample matrix interference and require high pretreatment methods. In addition, due to the influence of the physical and chemical properties of different PGRs ( such as abscisic acid and indole acetic acid with a boiling point over 400℃, or forchlorfenuron and cinnamic acid with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups), most PGRs have poor gas chromatographic characteristics and are not easily detected. The order of detection limits of PGRs is GC > HPLC > chromatography - mass spectrometry, and the lowest instrumental detection limit of chromatography -mass spectrometry is 10 -5mg / kg. However, the higher solubility and the larger natural attenuation rate of most PGRs lead to the lower detection concentrations in complex environmental substrates such as soil and water, so there is still an urgent need to solve the problem of analytical testing of trace PGRs and its intermediates. In future, PGRs analysis and test method will focus on the analysis and detection of trace PGRs and their intermediates, as well as the development of new materials and technology-based methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hie basic requirements of sustainable coal mining were described in detail from various aspects-safe mining, automatic mining,co-mining of coal and accompany resources, environment protection, direct cost reduction of mining, maximization of resource utilizing and sustainable planning. Overseas and domestic research status and progress of sustainable coal mining were introduced to make a comparative analysis for similarities and differences. Accordingly, the realization of domestic sustainable coal mining was proposed to focus on five aspects-technical development, ideological progress, optimization for laws and regulations, basic researches and talent cultivation. At last,coal mining was suggested to be continuously studied from all ten aspects-mining including unloading and deviatoric stress, dynamic change in mining stress field, mechanical behavior of deep coal-rock mass, long-term strength of coal-rock pillar, stiffness of stope system, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was based on proteomic analysis to explore the mechanism of quercetin inhibiting the proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in intestinal tract of young piglets. A total of 18 seven-day-old healthy weaned piglets with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided three groups, with six replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. The experimental period was 11 d, and 0~3 d was pre-test period. On 4~10 d, the piglets in quercetin+PEDV group were orally administered 10 mg/kg BW quercetin dissolved in artificial milk, the piglets in control group and PEDV group were fed with the same volume of artificial milk. On 8 d, the piglets in PEDV group and quercetin+PEDV group were fed with 104.5 TCID50 of PEDV, and piglets in control group were fed with the same volume of PBS. The results showed that compared with control group, PEDV increased the relative expression of PEDV-N gene in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of infected piglets (P<0.05). Compared with PEDV group, quercetin inhibited the relative expression of PEDV-N gene in jejunum and ileum of piglets in quercetin+PEDV group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the intestinal ABAT expression of piglets in PEDV group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expressions of ASS1, OAT, y+LAT1, EAAC1, b(0,+)AT, CAT-1 were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with PEDV group, the expressions of ABAT, ASS1, OAT, y+LAT1, EAAC1, b(0,+)AT, CAT-1 were significantly reduced in quercetin + PEDV group (P<0.05). The study indicates that quercetin may inhibit the proliferation of PEDV in piglets by regulating intestinal amino acid transport and metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiking neural networks (SNN) can be deployed on neuromorphic processors to complete various tasks. Network on Chip (NoC) can solve the complex interconnection and communication problems with less resources and power consumption. NoC is widely adopted in neuromorphic processors to support communication between neurons. The instantaneous burst communication patten of SNN generates a large number of spikes at each time step. At this time, NoC reaches its saturation rapidly, causing network congestion. Meanwhile, non-congestion-aware routing algorithms further aggravates the congestion state of NoC. How to effectively process these spikes at each timestep, reduce the delay of the network, and increase the throughput has become the problem we need to solve at present. The paper first analyzes the instantaneous burst communication characteristics of SNN. Then, a congestionaware Hamilton path routing algorithm with the shortest path length is proposed to reduce the average latency and increase the throughput of NoC. Finally, the routing algorithm is implemented in Verilog HDL, and performance evaluation is conducted by simulation. The results show that, compared with the non-congestion-aware routing algorithms, the proposal reduces the average delay by 13.9% and 15.9% respectively, and increases the throughput by 21.6% and 16.8%, respectively under the two experimental scenarios (different packet count, and different packet inject rate) in a 16×16 2D mesh NoC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NAND Flash memory is widely used as storage device in embedded systems, because of its advantages on capacity, cost and speed. However, due to the inherent device characteristics of NAND Flash, complex driver is required to read and write it, and the code stored on it cannot be executed directly. Therefore, NAND Flash is not suitable for boot code storage. Generally, boot code is stored on NOR Flash and executed on it directly. The boot code on NOR Flash will boot the operating system stored in NAND Flash, which increases the system cost and power consumption. This paper designs and implements a CPU secure boot method based on NAND Flash. The structure of block mapping table is added in NAND Flash controller, and the code stored in the first block of NAND Flash is used to search and fill in the block mapping table. Using this method, part of NAND Flash storage blocks can be directly mapped to memory space, so that the boot code stored on NAND Flash can be executed directly without drivers. Besides, an extended BootRom scheme is proposed. Combining with the structure of NAND Flash address mapping, part of on-chip BootRom is extended to the first block of NAND Flash. Hash comparison is used to verify the extended BootROM, which effectively reduces the design complexity and code amount of on-chip BootRom. Our method can effectively implement the secure boot of single NAND Flash system, thus reducing the system cost and improving the system security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, traditional computer architectures have gradually been faced with severe bottlenecks of "Memory Wall" and "Power Wall", with the step-down Moore􀆳s law. However, many other new forms of computing paradigms and computer architectures have been proposed, including neuromorphic computing. Given the characteristic of computing in memory, neuromorphic computing plays a vital role in breaking down the limitation caused by both "Memory Wall" and "Power Wall" constraints in Von Neumann architecture. Many neuromorphic applications on neuromorphic processors have already been demonstrated as high efficiency and accuracy. Currently, in the application scenarios of large-scale biological neural networks, it is necessary to improve the scalability of multi-core neuromorphic processors and maintain their high data throughput and low transmission delay. Today, most multi-core neuromorphic processors adopt a network-on-chip (NoC) as the interconnect structure. However, there are still relatively few verification studies on such NoC. Given the importance of NoC in designing a neuromorphic processors, it is quite necessary to set up a complete and robust NoC functional verification platform for neuromorphic processors. The purpose of this paper is to generate the stimulus files required for behavioral and FPGA hardware-level testing based on the randomization method, and to achieve a more comprehensive functional verification through efficient processing of log files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent activated transcription factor that regulates the growth, proliferation, and apoptosis of tumor cells, and plays an important role in the metabolism of environmental poisons and foreign substances as well as the immune regulation of the body. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of redox, metabolism, and protein homeostasis, existing in multiple signaling cascade pathways. It plays an important role in the anti-oxidative stress defense system of the body and has functions of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-proliferation, and protection of myocardial cells. Both AhR and Nrf2 genes have vital impact on the occurrence and development of tumors. AhR is a key factor in the toxic effects and oxidative damage of benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) and other poisons. Nrf2 is a key factor in the anti-oxidative damage of the body. The two have antagonistic effects, but sometimes there is also a synergistic effect of mutual activation. This article reviews the research progress of the area at home and abroad over the past years, which lays certain foundation for the research on the mechanism of AhR and Nrf2 in tumors and other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information technology, in formation security is becoming more and more important. As the core component of information system, the security of processor plays an important role in system security. Building a secure and trusted execution environment on the processor is an important method to improve the security of processor. However, many security technologies still rely on independent security chip, such as trusted platform module (TPM) and trusted cryptography module (TCM). In recent years, the root of security, which is the security basis of computer system, has gradually shifted to the processor. In this paper, the security enhancement technologies of on-chip security subsystem are discussed. Firstly, the architecture of the security processor is studied. Secondly, the components of the security subsystem such as processor core, interconnection network, storage, cipher module, are researched. At the same time, the system security protection technologies such as key management, life-cycle management, secure boot, and physical attack resistant schemes are also realized. Finally, a security subsystem for desktop processors is implemented and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]