273 results on '"hysteresis model"'
Search Results
252. Simulation of Hysteresis in Ferromagnetic Materials
- Author
-
O’Kelly, D, Heading, J., editor, Caldwell, J., editor, and Bradley, R., editor
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
253. A hysteresis model for bacterial growth patterns
- Author
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Hoppensteadt, F. C., Jäger, W., Pöppe, C., Levin, S., editor, Jäger, Willi, editor, and Murray, James D., editor
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
254. Two-dimensional magnetic modeling of ferromagnetic materials by using a neural networks based hybrid approach
- Author
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Gabriele Maria Lozito, Ermanno Cardelli, F. Riganti Fulginei, Antonio Faba, Alessandro Salvini, Antonino Laudani, Cardelli, Ermanno, Faba, A., Laudani, Antonino, Lozito, GABRIELE MARIA, RIGANTI FULGINEI, Francesco, and Salvini, Alessandro
- Subjects
Computer science ,Non linear system ,02 engineering and technology ,Condensed Matter Physic ,Topology ,01 natural sciences ,Hybrid neural network ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Hybrid algorithm ,Time domain ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Hybrid algorithms ,Hysteresis models ,Magnetic devices ,Neural networks ,010302 applied physics ,Artificial neural network ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Hysteresis model ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Magnetic hysteresis ,Neural network ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Magnetic field ,Electromagnetic induction ,Hybrid system ,Magnet ,Magnetic device - Abstract
This paper presents a hybrid neural network approach to model magnetic hysteresis at macro-magnetic scale. That approach aims to be coupled together with numerical treatments of magnetic hysteresis such as FEM numerical solvers of the Maxwell's equations in time domain, as in case of the non-linear dynamic analysis of electrical machines, and other similar devices, allowing a complete computer simulation with acceptable run times. The proposed Hybrid Neural System consists of four inputs representing the magnetic induction and magnetic field components at each time step and it is trained by 2D and scalar measurements performed on the magnetic material to be modeled. The magnetic induction B is assumed as entry point and the output of the Hybrid Neural System returns the predicted value of the field H at the same time step. Within the Hybrid Neural System, a suitably trained neural network is used for predicting the hysteretic behavior of the material to be modeled. Validations with experimental tests and simulations for symmetric, non-symmetric and minor loops are presented.
- Published
- 2016
255. Procjena stanja naboja litij-ion baterije na temelju sustava akumulacije energije proizvedene solarnim čelijama
- Author
-
Jikao Lv, Ze Cheng, Li Wang, and Jiguang Liu
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Computer science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Photovoltaic system ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,cubature Kalman filter ,hysteresis model ,Lithium-ion battery ,state of charge ,Lithium battery ,Energy storage ,Hysteresis ,State of charge ,kubatura Kalmanovog filtra ,litij-ion baterija ,model histereze ,stanje naboja ,Hardware_GENERAL ,Control theory ,Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Computer Science::Operating Systems ,Voltage - Abstract
Brza i točna procjena stanja naboja - state of charge (SOC) litij-ion baterije jedna je od ključnih tehnologija sustava za praćenje stanja baterije. Imajući u vidu nelinearni dinamički sustav litij baterije, u ovom je radu postavljen RC model histereze drugog reda ispitivanjem i analizom karakteristika histereze litij-ion baterije, a kubatura algoritma Kalmanovog filtra primijenjena je za procjenu stanja naboja baterije. Rezultati eksperimenta pokazuju da se modelom baterije može predvidjeti dinamičko ponašanje naboja histereze litij-ion baterije, a algoritmom kubature Kalmanovog filtriranja održati visoka točnost u postupku procjene., The fast and accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion battery is one of the key technologies of battery management system. In view of this nonlinear dynamic system of lithium battery, through the test and analysis of lithium-ion battery hysteresis characteristics, the second-order RC hysteresis model is established, and the cubature Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the battery state of charge in this report. The experiment results show that the battery model can essentially predict the dynamic hysteresis voltage behavior of the lithium-ion battery and cubature Kalman Filtering algorithm can maintain high accuracy in the estimation process.
- Published
- 2016
256. Identification of an extended Hammerstein system with input hysteresis nonlinearity for control valve stiction characterization
- Author
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Jiandong Wang, Qinghua Zhang, College of Engineering [Beijing], Peking University [Beijing], SIgnals and SYstems in PHysiology & Engineering (SISYPHE), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Kinnaert, Michel, and ANR-10-INTB-0201,EBONSI,Identification de systèmes non linéaires par modules inter-connectés étendus(2010)
- Subjects
Control valves ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Engineering ,Nonlinear system identification ,Control valve stiction ,business.industry ,Iterative method ,Hysteresis model ,System identification ,Nonlinear System Identification ,Closed Loop Identification ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Parameter identification problem ,Nonlinear system ,Hysteresis ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Closed-loop oscillation ,Control theory ,[INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering ,Stiction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,business - Abstract
International audience; The study in this paper is motivated by the modeling of control valves with significant stiction. By assuming linear dynamics of the controlled process, the joint characterization of the control valve and of the controlled process is formulated as the identification of an extended Hammerstein system. A point-slope-based hysteresis model is used to describe the input hysteresis nonlinearity of the control valve. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the identification problem. The basic idea is to separate the ascent and descent paths of the input hysteresis nonlinearity subject to oscillatory excitations. Some identifiability analysis is performed: the proposed extended Hammerstein model structure is identifiable, and given the true input nonlinearity, the oscillatory signals in feedback control loops are shown to be informative by exploiting the cyclo-stationarity of these oscillatory signals. Industrial examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed identification algorithm in characterizing complicated characteristics of control valve stiction in practice.
- Published
- 2012
257. Modélisation de l’hystérésis dynamique dans les ferroélectriques
- Author
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Ducharne, Benjamin, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité (LGEF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), L’Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon et L’Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Professeur Jean-François Deu, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité ( LGEF ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA )
- Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Hysteresis Model ,Energy harvesing ,[ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Fractional calculus ,Modèle d'hystérésis ,Calcul fractionnaire ,Récupération d'énergie - Abstract
Historiquement, les matériaux piézoélectriques ont, entre autre, fait l’objet de développements intensifs en tant que résonateurs et transducteurs pour l’acoustique sous-marine (sonars) et l’acoustique médicale (échographie). Depuis, de nombreux autres champs d’application se sont développés autour des capteurs (accéléromètres) et des actionneurs de précision. Plus récemment, une application potentielle concerne la récupération d’énergie pour l’auto alimentation des systèmes embarqués (systèmes sans batteries). Les matériaux piézoélectriques sont des céramiques, des monocristaux ou des polymères, chaque catégorie présentant des avantages et inconvénients en raison de leurs propriétés, leurs coûts, et leur adaptabilité à leurs environnements (impédance acoustique par exemple). Seules les propriétés dites linéaires ont été utilisées pendant longtemps (déformation proportionnelle à la tension appliquée). Ce n’est plus le cas actuellement, où dans de nombreuses nouvelles applications de puissance (comme la récupération d’énergie, par exemple) les niveaux de sollicitations sont si forts que les non-linéarités ne peuvent plus être négligées. Ces non linéarités rendent les équations classiques de la piézoélectricité obsolètes et le besoin de nouveaux outils de modélisation important. Dans les deux premiers chapitres de ce manuscrit, est proposé un modèle de l’hystérésis dynamique dans les matériaux électro actifs tels que les céramiques piézo-électriques. Le modèle prend en compte deux contributions :_ Une contribution statique établie à partir de l’analogie entre un frottement sec mécanique et le déplacement des murs de domaines lors de la variation de la polarisation au sein du matériau. _ Une contribution dynamique mettant en œuvre des opérateurs à dérivées fractionnaires et permettant une bonne prise en compte du comportement dynamique de la polarisation.Pour confirmer expérimentalement ces résultats de modélisation, dans la dernière partie de ce manuscrit est présentée une technique originale de récupération d’énergie dont le gisement vibratoire est issu de l’environnement (vent, véhicules …). Cette ressource est de type bruit blanc avec des fréquences distribuées dans une bande très large. Comme la technique impose de synchroniser le champ électrique sur le maximum de contrainte mécanique, on se retrouve à devoir imposer le champ électrique à des fréquences importantes. Ces fréquences élevées associées à des amplitudes de champ importantes se traduisent par des pertes diélectriques fortes qu’il est nécessaire de considérer pour connaître précisément les rendements de la méthode et justifier son utilisation.Dans le futur, les résultats encourageant obtenus à l’aide des opérateurs fractionnaires offrent de nouveaux champs d’investigations, tel que celui de la diffusion du champ magnétique dans les matériaux magnétiques ou de la dynamique diélectrique des polymères électro-strictifs.
- Published
- 2015
258. A Nonlinear Hysteretic Model for Automated Prediction of Lung Mechanics during Mechanical Ventilation.
- Author
-
Zhou C, Chase JG, Sun Q, and Knopp J
- Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is core intensive care unit (ICU) therapy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Optimising MV care to a specific patient with respiratory failure is difficult due to inter- and intra- patient variability in lung mechanics and condition. The ability to accurately predict patient-specific lung response to a change in MV settings would enable semi-automated care and significantly improve the efficiency of MV monitoring and care. It has particular emphasis when considering MV care required to treat Covid-19 patients, who require longer MV care, where patient-specific care can reduce the time on MV required. This study develops a nonlinear smooth hysteresis loop model (HLM) able to capture the essential lung dynamics in a patient-specific fashion from measured ventilator data, particularly for changes of compliance and infection points of the pressure-volume loop. The automated (no human input) hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) method is applied to identify HLM model parameters, enabling automated digital cloning to create a virtual patient model to accurately predict lung response at a specified positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) level, as well as in response to the changes of PEEP. The performance of this automated digital cloning approach is assessed using clinical data from 4 patients and 8 recruitment maneuver (RM) arms. Validation results show the HLM-based hysteresis loops identified using HLA match clinical pressure-volume loops very well with root-mean-square (RMS) errors less than 2% for all 8 data sets over 4 patients, validating the accuracy of the developed HLM in capturing the essential lung physiology and respiratory behaviours at different patient conditions. More importantly, the patient-specific digital clones at lower PEEP levels accurately predict lung response at higher PEEP levels with predicted peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) errors less than 2% in average. In addition, the resulted additional lung volume V
frc obtained with PEEP changes are predicted with average absolute difference of 0.025L. The overall results validate the versatility and potential of the developed HLM for delineating changes of nonlinear lung dynamics, and its capability to create a predictive virtual patient with use of HLA for future treatment personalization and optimisation in MV therapy., (© 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
259. A New Method for Fault Detection and Identification of Incipient Faults in Power Transformers
- Author
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M. Azizur Rahman, M. Abdesh Khan, Erdal Kilic, Okan Ozgonenel, and Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
- Subjects
Engineering ,Fuzzy rule ,adaptive TLM observer ,hysteresis model ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Fault detection and isolation ,law.invention ,CWT ,incipient faults ,Control theory ,Transmission line ,law ,Fuzzy reasoning ,fault detection and identification ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Fault detection and identification ,business ,Transformer ,fuzzy rule base ,Continuous wavelet transform - Abstract
WOS: 000260262300008 This article presents a new scheme for incipient fault detection and its identification in transformers. The new approach is actually based on adaptive modeling of transformers using the transmission line method (TLM) obtained from the hysteresis model. The adaptive TLM observer representing no-load, quarter-load, half-load, and rated-load conditions is used for faults detection. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is performed on residuals that are obtained by comparing real system currents and calculated TLM observer currents in order to extract the features for fault identification. An adaptive fuzzy reasoning technique is used to identify incipient faults in the transformer. The sum of CWT coefficients of residuals is applied to the adaptive fuzzy rule-based decision-making unit to indicate the type of faults. The main advantage of the suggested scheme is that different types of incipient faults in the transformer can be correctly identified. The test results verify the effectiveness of the suggested method.
- Published
- 2008
260. A Modified Duhem Model for Rate-Dependent Hysteresis Behaviors.
- Author
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Gan, Jinqiang, Mei, Zhen, Chen, Xiaoli, Zhou, Ye, and Ge, Ming-Feng
- Subjects
HYSTERESIS ,PIEZOELECTRIC actuators ,PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics ,TRIGONOMETRIC functions - Abstract
Hysteresis behaviors are inherent characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic actuators. The classical Duhem model (CDM) as a popular hysteresis model has been widely used, but cannot precisely describe rate-dependent hysteresis behaviors at high-frequency and high-amplitude excitations. To describe such behaviors more precisely, this paper presents a modified Duhem model (MDM) by introducing trigonometric functions based on the analysis of the existing experimental data. The MDM parameters are also identified by using the nonlinear least squares method. Six groups of experiments with different frequencies or amplitudes are conducted to evaluate the MDM performance. The research results demonstrate that the MDM can more precisely characterize the rate-dependent hysteresis behaviors comparing with the CDM at high-frequency and high-amplitude excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
261. Minimisation des pertes fer des machines électriques de traction par la modélisation et l'optimisation
- Author
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Frias, Anthony, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Afef Kedous-Lebouc, and Christian Chillet
- Subjects
Optimization ,Modélisation ,Pertes fer ,[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power ,Hysteresis model ,Modèle d'hystérésis ,Wounded rotor synchronous machine ,Iron loss ,Optimisation ,Traction motor ,Machine synchrone à rotor bobiné ,Modelling ,Moteur de traction - Abstract
Cost, range and lifetime are the main aspects that hold back the consumer to buy electric cars. These three aspects are all related to the battery which stores a limited amount of energy. Under such condition energy consumption is a major concern in electric cars. As the major electricity consumer, electrical machines play a key role for global energy savings. In this context how the electric machine can be made more energy efficient? To answer this question this thesis aim to model (accurately enough) and reduce the iron losses in traction electrical machine for electrical car. Indeed iron loss model suffer from a lack of confidence when it comes to fine optimization during the late phase of development. This thesis answers this question and takes into account the development criteria of the car industry and the constraints of the electric car. The first part of the thesis gives an overview of the application by taking a wounded rotor synchronous machine as a case study. The reader will discover the electrical machine with a soft magnetic material perspective. First, conclusion show that fine modelling of the electric machine is necessary to achieve desired accuracy. An overview on soft magnetic material behavior and measurements is then given. The reader will then acquire a broad feeling on soft magnetic material behavior and understands the first source of inaccuracy of the models (the measurements). Then, the typical models for predicting iron losses in magnetic materials are presented in a literature review. The second part of this study focus on iron loss modelling aspect. The loss surface model (a scalar hysteresis model made of a static and dynamic contribution) is used as the base of this modelling work. The static contribution is re-developed using Everett function formulation of the Preisach model is used to allow easy identification of the model directly from measurements. The identification of the dynamic contribution is re-worked to allow identification from sine-wave measurements (triangular wave measurement previously required). The model accuracy is improved and validated on 63 test cases with high harmonic distortion wave forms. The iron loss model is then coupled to finite element model of the electric machine and the limits of the model are investigated. One of the limits coming from measurement limitation, a methodology to evaluate the relevance of the measurement range is proposed. A literature review of the main impact of the process including cutting, stacking and assembling effects on electrical steel magnetic characteristics is intended to complement the modelling work to help the decision making of the designer on aspects that cannot be modeled. Finally methodologies playing with the modelling hypothesis and involving design of experiment and response surface are presented to reduce computational time and allow the optimization of the control of the machine. The optimizations carried out show total machine loss reduction up to 50% for some working point of the machine compared to an optimization dedicated to minimize only Joule's losses. This results show the interest of using a reliable iron loss model to reduce the total loss of the machine.; Le coût, l'autonomie et la durée de vie sont les principaux aspects qui freine le public dans l'achat d'une voiture électrique. Tous ces aspects sont liés à la batterie qui ne permet de stocker qu'une quantité limitée d'énergie. Dans ces conditions, il est indispensable de maîtriser les pertes d'énergie de la chaîne de traction. La machine électrique étant le principal consommateur d'énergie, elle joue un rôle important dans l'efficacité énergétique globale. Dans ce contexte, comment réduire les pertes de la machine électrique pour la rendre plus efficace ? Pour répondre à cette question, l'objectif de ce travail est de modéliser (avec une précision suffisante) et réduire les pertes fer dans notre application machine électrique de traction afin de les maîtriser. On comblera ainsi le manque de confiance en les modèles de pertes fer que peut avoir le concepteur de machine du concepteur de machine en lui permettant de réaliser des optimisations fines jusque dans les dernières phases de développement. Dans la première partie de ce manuscrit, le lecteur découvrira alors une machine synchrone à rotor bobiné du point de vue du matériau magnétique doux. Les premières conclusions montrent qu'une modélisation fine est nécessaire pour bien prendre en compte les phénomènes générateurs de pertes. On s'intéresse également à la mesure des matériaux magnétiques doux afin de comprendre de manière générale et tangible les pertes dans le matériau. On prend également conscience de la toute première source d'incertitude des modèles, la mesure du matériau. Enfin, nous présentons les démarches couramment rencontrées dans la littérature pour la modélisation des pertes fer. Face aux limitations des modèles couramment rencontrés, le modèle LS (un modèle d'hystérésis scalaire qui décompose les pertes en une contribution statique et une contribution dynamique) est redéveloppé afin qu'il réponde encore mieux aux exigences de l'industrie automobile. Il est précis et facilement identifiable à partir de mesures faciles à réaliser. La contribution statique reprend le modèle de Preisach formulé à l'aide des fonctions d'Everett dont l'identification à partir des caractéristiques mesurées est directe. La contribution dynamique quant à elle est dorénavant identifiable à partir de caractérisations en induction sinusoïdales. La précision du modèle ainsi améliorée est ensuite validée sur 63 cas tests exigeants dont la forme de l'induction est à fort contenus harmoniques. Le modèle développé est ensuite couplé avec un modèle électromagnétique élément finis de la machine électrique et validé par l'expérience. Les mesures faites sur le matériau étant l'un des points faibles des modèles, une méthodologie permettant d'évaluer la pertinence de la plage des mesures est proposée. On dresse également un état de l'art de l'impact du process (découpage, empilement et assemblage des tôles) sur les pertes fer afin d'aider le concepteur à mettre en balance les impacts liés au process qui n'ont pu être modélisés. Enfin des méthodologies parmi lesquels, les méthodologies des plans d'expériences sont mises en place afin d'optimiser les cartographies de commandes en des temps de calcul raisonnables. On montre des gains allant jusqu'à 50% de réduction des pertes totales de la machine dans certaines zones de fonctionnement par rapport à une optimisation dont l'objectif serait de minimiser uniquement les pertes dans les conducteurs de la machine. Ces résultats montrent l'intérêt d'utiliser un modèle de pertes fer précis afin de réduire les pertes totales de la machine.
- Published
- 2015
262. Simulation numérique des transferts de chaleur et d’humidité dans une paroi multicouche de bâtiment en matériaux biosourcés
- Author
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Lelièvre, Dylan, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Université de Bretagne Sud, Patrick Glouannec, Christophe Lanos, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Hysteresis Model ,Transferts couplés de masse et de chaleur ,Béton de chanvre ,Modèle d'hystérésis ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Model heat and moisture transferts ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Hemp concrete - Abstract
In a context of energy efficiency and durability in the field of building, the understanding of hygrothermal behaviour of building materials, especially hygroscopic ones, is essential. This study aim to understand and model heat and moisture transfers in a multi-layer building wall made of biosourced materials. We focus in particular on hysteretic phenomena observed on sorption isotherms. A one-dimensional numerical model developed with the COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate transient temperature and vapour pressure in three situations. The first one is about the hygrothermal behaviour of materials, highly hygroscopic (hemp concrete) and lowly hygroscopic (lime-based plasters), exposed to several cyclical variations of relative humidity. A good agreement is observed between simulated and measured values of relative humidity, temperature and moisture content. However, results are highly sensitive to hydric properties. Then, a study is performed on an instrumented hemp-concrete wall built in a bi-climatic chamber and exposed to simultaneous temperature and relative humidity variations. The confrontation between measured and simulated values shows the importance of initial moisture content., Dans un contexte de performance énergétique et de durabilité dans le secteur du bâtiment, la maîtrise du comportement hygrothermique des matériaux d'enveloppe, notamment hygroscopiques, est essentielle. Les travaux réalisés concernent la compréhension et la modélisation des transferts de chaleur et d'humidité au sein d'une paroi multicouche de bâtiment composée de matériaux biosourcés.Une attention particulière est portée sur les phénomènes d'hystérésis observés sur les isothermes de sorption. Un modèle numérique 1D développé sur COMSOL Multiphysics est exploité pour simuler en régime transitoire les champs de température et de pression de vapeur dans trois situations. La première concerne l'étude du comportement hygrothermique de matériaux fortement hygroscopique (béton de chanvre) et faiblement hygroscopiques (enduits à base de chaux) soumis à diverses variations cycliques d'humidité relative. Un bon accord est constaté entre les simulations et des mesures d'humidité relative, de température et de teneur en eau. Néanmoins, les résultats présentent une forte sensibilité aux propriétés hydriques. Dans un second temps, une étude est menée sur une paroi de béton de chanvre instrumentée placée dans une enceinte bi-climatique et exposée à des variations de température et d'humidité relative. La confrontation des évolutions mesurées et calculées montre la nécessité de bien définir le champ de teneur en eau initiale. La dernière étude concerne une paroi multicouche (béton de chanvre et enduits). Il apparaît que les enduits jouent un rôle important sur le comportement de la paroi et il est nécessaire de prendre en compte l'influence de la température sur les courbes de sorption.
- Published
- 2015
263. Nonlinear Control of Magnetic Signatures
- Subjects
Pid Control ,Hysteresis Model ,Magnetic Signatures ,Electromagnetics ,Magnetization ,Electrical Engineering ,Nonlinear Control - Abstract
Magnetic properties of ferrite structures are known to cause fluctuations in Earth's magnetic field around the object. These fluctuations are known as the object's magnetic signature and are unique based on the object's geometry and material. It is a common practice to neutralize magnetic signatures periodically after certain time intervals, however there is a growing interest to develop real time degaussing systems for various applications. Development of real time degaussing system is a challenging problem because of magnetic hysteresis and difficulties in measurement or estimation of near-field flux data. The goal of this research is to develop a real time feedback control system that can be used to minimize magnetic signatures for ferrite structures. Experimental work on controlling the magnetic signature of a cylindrical steel shell structure with a magnetic disturbance provided evidence that the control process substantially increased the interior magnetic flux. This means near field estimation using interior sensor data is likely to be inaccurate. Follow up numerical work for rectangular and cylindrical cross sections investigated variations in shell wall flux density under a variety of ambient excitation and applied disturbances. Results showed magnetic disturbances could corrupt interior sensor data and magnetic shielding due to the shell walls makes the interior very sensitive to noise. The magnetic flux inside the shell wall showed little variation due to inner disturbances and its high base value makes it less susceptible to noise. This research proceeds to describe a nonlinear controller to use the shell wall data as an input. A nonlinear plant model of magnetics is developed using a constant to represent domain rotation lag and a gain function to describe the magnetic hysteresis curve for the shell wall. The model is justified by producing hysteresis curves for multiple materials, matching experimental data using a particle swarm algorithm, and observing frequency effects. The plant model is used in a feedback controller and simulated for different materials as a proof of concept.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
264. Minimization of iron loss of traction electrical motors by modeling and optimization systems
- Author
-
Frias, Anthony, STAR, ABES, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Afef Kedous-Lebouc, and Christian Chillet
- Subjects
Optimization ,Pertes fer ,[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power ,Hysteresis model ,Modèle d'hystérésis ,Wounded rotor synchronous machine ,Iron loss ,Machine synchrone à rotor bobiné ,Modelling ,Modélisation ,Optimisation ,Traction motor ,Moteur de traction ,[SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power - Abstract
Cost, range and lifetime are the main aspects that hold back the consumer to buy electric cars. These three aspects are all related to the battery which stores a limited amount of energy. Under such condition energy consumption is a major concern in electric cars. As the major electricity consumer, electrical machines play a key role for global energy savings. In this context how the electric machine can be made more energy efficient? To answer this question this thesis aim to model (accurately enough) and reduce the iron losses in traction electrical machine for electrical car. Indeed iron loss model suffer from a lack of confidence when it comes to fine optimization during the late phase of development. This thesis answers this question and takes into account the development criteria of the car industry and the constraints of the electric car. The first part of the thesis gives an overview of the application by taking a wounded rotor synchronous machine as a case study. The reader will discover the electrical machine with a soft magnetic material perspective. First, conclusion show that fine modelling of the electric machine is necessary to achieve desired accuracy. An overview on soft magnetic material behavior and measurements is then given. The reader will then acquire a broad feeling on soft magnetic material behavior and understands the first source of inaccuracy of the models (the measurements). Then, the typical models for predicting iron losses in magnetic materials are presented in a literature review. The second part of this study focus on iron loss modelling aspect. The loss surface model (a scalar hysteresis model made of a static and dynamic contribution) is used as the base of this modelling work. The static contribution is re-developed using Everett function formulation of the Preisach model is used to allow easy identification of the model directly from measurements. The identification of the dynamic contribution is re-worked to allow identification from sine-wave measurements (triangular wave measurement previously required). The model accuracy is improved and validated on 63 test cases with high harmonic distortion wave forms. The iron loss model is then coupled to finite element model of the electric machine and the limits of the model are investigated. One of the limits coming from measurement limitation, a methodology to evaluate the relevance of the measurement range is proposed. A literature review of the main impact of the process including cutting, stacking and assembling effects on electrical steel magnetic characteristics is intended to complement the modelling work to help the decision making of the designer on aspects that cannot be modeled. Finally methodologies playing with the modelling hypothesis and involving design of experiment and response surface are presented to reduce computational time and allow the optimization of the control of the machine. The optimizations carried out show total machine loss reduction up to 50% for some working point of the machine compared to an optimization dedicated to minimize only Joule's losses. This results show the interest of using a reliable iron loss model to reduce the total loss of the machine., Le coût, l'autonomie et la durée de vie sont les principaux aspects qui freine le public dans l'achat d'une voiture électrique. Tous ces aspects sont liés à la batterie qui ne permet de stocker qu'une quantité limitée d'énergie. Dans ces conditions, il est indispensable de maîtriser les pertes d'énergie de la chaîne de traction. La machine électrique étant le principal consommateur d'énergie, elle joue un rôle important dans l'efficacité énergétique globale. Dans ce contexte, comment réduire les pertes de la machine électrique pour la rendre plus efficace ? Pour répondre à cette question, l'objectif de ce travail est de modéliser (avec une précision suffisante) et réduire les pertes fer dans notre application machine électrique de traction afin de les maîtriser. On comblera ainsi le manque de confiance en les modèles de pertes fer que peut avoir le concepteur de machine du concepteur de machine en lui permettant de réaliser des optimisations fines jusque dans les dernières phases de développement. Dans la première partie de ce manuscrit, le lecteur découvrira alors une machine synchrone à rotor bobiné du point de vue du matériau magnétique doux. Les premières conclusions montrent qu'une modélisation fine est nécessaire pour bien prendre en compte les phénomènes générateurs de pertes. On s'intéresse également à la mesure des matériaux magnétiques doux afin de comprendre de manière générale et tangible les pertes dans le matériau. On prend également conscience de la toute première source d'incertitude des modèles, la mesure du matériau. Enfin, nous présentons les démarches couramment rencontrées dans la littérature pour la modélisation des pertes fer. Face aux limitations des modèles couramment rencontrés, le modèle LS (un modèle d'hystérésis scalaire qui décompose les pertes en une contribution statique et une contribution dynamique) est redéveloppé afin qu'il réponde encore mieux aux exigences de l'industrie automobile. Il est précis et facilement identifiable à partir de mesures faciles à réaliser. La contribution statique reprend le modèle de Preisach formulé à l'aide des fonctions d'Everett dont l'identification à partir des caractéristiques mesurées est directe. La contribution dynamique quant à elle est dorénavant identifiable à partir de caractérisations en induction sinusoïdales. La précision du modèle ainsi améliorée est ensuite validée sur 63 cas tests exigeants dont la forme de l'induction est à fort contenus harmoniques. Le modèle développé est ensuite couplé avec un modèle électromagnétique élément finis de la machine électrique et validé par l'expérience. Les mesures faites sur le matériau étant l'un des points faibles des modèles, une méthodologie permettant d'évaluer la pertinence de la plage des mesures est proposée. On dresse également un état de l'art de l'impact du process (découpage, empilement et assemblage des tôles) sur les pertes fer afin d'aider le concepteur à mettre en balance les impacts liés au process qui n'ont pu être modélisés. Enfin des méthodologies parmi lesquels, les méthodologies des plans d'expériences sont mises en place afin d'optimiser les cartographies de commandes en des temps de calcul raisonnables. On montre des gains allant jusqu'à 50% de réduction des pertes totales de la machine dans certaines zones de fonctionnement par rapport à une optimisation dont l'objectif serait de minimiser uniquement les pertes dans les conducteurs de la machine. Ces résultats montrent l'intérêt d'utiliser un modèle de pertes fer précis afin de réduire les pertes totales de la machine.
- Published
- 2015
265. J-A Hysteresis Model Parameters Estimation using GA
- Author
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Zidarič, Bogomir and Miljavec, Damijan
- Subjects
hysteresis model ,jiles and atherton hysteresis model ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,magnetic composite ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
This paper presents the Jiles and Atherton (J-A) hysteresis model parameter estimation for soft magnetic composite (SMC) material. The calculation of Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model parameters is based on experimental data and genetic algorithms (GA). Genetic algorithms operate in a given area of possible solutions. Finding the best solution of a problem in wide area of possible solutions is uncertain. A new approach in use of genetic algorithms is proposed to overcome this uncertainty. The basis of this approach is in genetic algorithm built in another genetic algorithm.
- Published
- 2005
266. Modeling and simulation of spring steel damper based on parameter identification with a heuristic optimization approach
- Author
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40176855, Yamakawa, Makoto, Nihei, Mitsuki, Tatibana, Masahiko, Hukazawa, Kyouzou, Ohsaki, Makoto, Nakamura, Takuzo, Yamanouchi, Hiroyuki, 40176855, Yamakawa, Makoto, Nihei, Mitsuki, Tatibana, Masahiko, Hukazawa, Kyouzou, Ohsaki, Makoto, Nakamura, Takuzo, and Yamanouchi, Hiroyuki
- Abstract
In seismic design of building frames, dampers are designed to absorb an earthquake’s energy. Conventional steel tension braces have disadvantages, such as pinching or deterioration of stiffness and strength under cyclic loading. A new type of elasto-plastic damper can potentially avoid such disadvantages at a relatively low cost. Main characteristics of the damper are twofold: i) hardening effect caused by geometric nonlinearity, and ii) asymmetric hysteretic restoring force in tensile and compressive loading conditions. The objective of the study is to present a constitutive model and identify the corresponding parameters. The process of parameter identification of the model is formulated as a non-smooth optimization problem and derivative-free optimization methods are suited for the problem. Through numerical examples, we investigate the seismic response reduction property of the damper. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization approach.
- Published
- 2015
267. Non-linear modelling of multilayer piezoelectric actuators in non-trivial configurations based on actuator design parameters and piezoelectric material properties
- Author
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Bintang Yang and Yudong Cao
- Subjects
Materials science ,Piezoelectric coefficient ,Butterfly curve (transcendental) ,Piezoelectric accelerometer ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mechanical engineering ,actuator ,piezoelectric ,piezoceramics ,FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS ,HYSTERESIS MODEL ,HYDRAULIC PUMP ,FORMULATION ,BEHAVIOR ,CAPACITOR ,STRESS ,Bending ,Piezoelectricity ,Computer Science::Other ,Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ,Nonlinear system ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Piezoelectric motor ,Control theory ,General Materials Science ,Actuator - Abstract
Current models of non-linear electromechanical behaviours of piezoactuators are mostly intended for actuator configurations where the strain of the piezoelectric material is directly used as the linear output. On the other hand, in the design of piezoactuators, there exist non-trivial configurations where the internal strains of the piezoelectric materials manifest externally in the form of bending and curving rather than simple elongation or contraction, it is also important to predict the non-linear performance of the actuator based on the design parameters. Therefore, it is the intent of this article to present a model that enables calculation of the quasi-static mechanical response of piezoelectric multilayer actuators in non-trivial configurations. It is based on the polarization hysteresis loop and butterfly curve of its constituent piezoelectric material. Using an energy-based formulation, the model takes into account the non-piezoelectric sections as well as the mechanical boundary conditions of the actuator. Furthermore, a three-layer lead zirconium titanate bimorph with both ends clamped is considered in this study. Model calculation of its relationship between input voltage V and midpoint vertical displacement X is carried out based on ferroelectric hysteresis data of the bimorph material from the literature. The calculation results are then validated by measurements.
- Published
- 2012
268. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete frames
- Author
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Vasseva, Elena
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
269. Tracking Control of Shape-Memory-Alloy Actuators Based on Self-Sensing Feedback and Inverse Hysteresis Compensation
- Author
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Jia-Yush Yen, Shu-Hung Liu, and Tse-Shih Huang
- Subjects
Engineering ,hysteresis model ,Transducers ,Servo control ,shape memory alloys ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,Biochemistry ,Signal ,Article ,Feedback ,Analytical Chemistry ,Compensation (engineering) ,self-sensing control ,Control theory ,Alloys ,Electronic engineering ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,business.industry ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Equipment Design ,Shape-memory alloy ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Power (physics) ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Hysteresis ,Actuator ,business ,Algorithms ,Pulse-width modulation - Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) offer a high power-to-weight ratio, large recovery strain, and low driving voltages, and have thus attracted considerable research attention. The difficulty of controlling SMA actuators arises from their highly nonlinear hysteresis and temperature dependence. This paper describes a combination of self-sensing and model-based control, where the model includes both the major and minor hysteresis loops as well as the thermodynamics effects. The self-sensing algorithm uses only the power width modulation (PWM) signal and requires no heavy equipment. The method can achieve high-accuracy servo control and is especially suitable for miniaturized applications.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
270. A MODEL OF LEAF GROWTH RESPONDING TO AIR TEMPERATURES
- Author
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Chikushi, Jiro and Eguchi, Hiromi
- Subjects
air temperature ,non-linear optimization ,Powell method ,hysteresis model ,Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs ,fungi ,leaf growth ,food and beverages ,Cucumis sativus L ,Richards equation ,cucumber - Abstract
A hysteresis model was applied to estimate leaf growth curve of cucumber leaf exposed to changing air temperature. Cucumber plants were treated with low temperature of 15℃ for different periods, and thereafter grown at 25℃ in a growth chamber. Observed data of leaf growth curves were fitted by the Richards equation, and were compared with the curves estimated by the model. It was demonstrated that the hysteresis model can be useful for estimating the curves of leaf growth responding to the low temperature treatment.
- Published
- 1991
271. Magnetization distribution in a superconducting bulk by means of hysteretic material characteristic as constitutive law
- Author
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Antonio Morandi, Pier Luigi Ribani, Massimo Fabbri, Fabbri M., Morandi A., and Ribani P.L.
- Subjects
Superconductivity ,Materials science ,High-temperature superconductivity ,Flux pinning ,Condensed matter physics ,Pulsed-field magnetization (PFM) ,Constitutive equation ,Hysteresis model ,Magnetic hysteresis ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Magnetic field ,law.invention ,High-temperature superconductors (HTS) ,symbols.namesake ,Magnetization ,Maxwell's equations ,law ,symbols ,YBCO bulk ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
A numerical model to calculate the distribution of the magnetization inside a superconducting (SC) bulk, when a time-varying magnetic field is applied, is presented. The model is based on an equivalent magnetic network derived from the magneto-quasistatic form of Maxwell equations and takes into account the SC properties by defining a hysteretic material characteristic. The dynamic electromagnetic behavior of a melt-processed ring-shaped Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk using the pulsed-field magnetization (PFM) process is investigated. The predicted results on the flux trapped in the YBCO bulk by PFM process are compared with the measured ones.
- Published
- 2003
272. Simulated Response of Degrading Hysteretic Joints With Slack Behavior
- Author
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Heine, Christian P., Wood Science and Forest Products, Dolan, James Daniel, Plaut, Raymond H., Singh, Mahendra P., Woeste, Frank E., and Loferski, Joseph R.
- Subjects
dynamic ,hysteresis model ,slack systems ,genetic algorithm ,multiple bolts ,brittle failure - Abstract
A novel, general, numerical model is described that is capable of predicting the load-displacement relationship up to and at failure of multiple-bolt joints in timber of various configurations. The model is not tied to a single input function and bolt holes are permitted to be drilled oversize resulting in a slack system. The model consists of five parts. A new mathematical hysteresis model describes the stiffness of the individual bolt at each time step increment and accounts for non-linear and slack behavior; a mechanically-based structural stiffness model explains the interaction of one bolt with another bolt within a joint; an analytically-based failure model computes the stresses at each time step and initiates failure if crack length equals fastener spacing; a stochastic routine accounts for material property variation; and a heuristic optimization routine estimates the parameters needed. The core model is a modified array of differential equations whose solution describes accurate hysteresis shapes for slack systems. Hysteresis parameter identification is carried out by a genetic algorithm routine that searches for the best-fit parameters following evolutionary principles (survival of the fittest). The structural model is a linear spring model. Failure is predicted based on a newly developed 'Displaced-Volume-Method' in conjunction with beam on elastic foundation theory, elastic theory, and a modified Tsai-Wu Failure criterion. The devised computer model enhances the understanding of the mechanics of multiple-bolt joints in timber, and yields valid predictions of joint response of two-member multiple-bolt joints. This research represents a significant step towards the simulation of structural wood components. Ph. D.
- Published
- 2001
273. Tracking control of shape-memory-alloy actuators based on self-sensing feedback and inverse hysteresis compensation.
- Author
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Liu SH, Huang TS, and Yen JY
- Subjects
- Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Feedback, Algorithms, Alloys chemistry, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted instrumentation, Transducers
- Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) offer a high power-to-weight ratio, large recovery strain, and low driving voltages, and have thus attracted considerable research attention. The difficulty of controlling SMA actuators arises from their highly nonlinear hysteresis and temperature dependence. This paper describes a combination of self-sensing and model-based control, where the model includes both the major and minor hysteresis loops as well as the thermodynamics effects. The self-sensing algorithm uses only the power width modulation (PWM) signal and requires no heavy equipment. The method can achieve high-accuracy servo control and is especially suitable for miniaturized applications.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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