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The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is becoming more common in the construction process, and the demand for the integrated use of BIM data is expected to continue increasing. BIM is a technology that can maximize various efficiencies by sharing facility information in an integrated manner; however, the information generated in the life cycle of the construction industry is broad, diverse, and complex. Accordingly, because BIM information is difficult to share and is often duplicated, it is not easy to obtain the effects of various BIMs. The solution to this is to create a systematic standard so that one item of information can be used in various ways, and everyone shares and uses it together. To this end, various standards (guides, classification systems, information standards, etc.) are being created; however, the interrelationships between standard elements are complex, so there is confusion and overlap between standards. This paper proposes an information standard framework for BIM to identify a systematic standard and method to effectively develop various guidelines for the standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although doctor-patient communication is essential for drug prescription, the literature reveals deficits in this area. An educational approach at the Cologne medical faculty aims at identifying and addressing those deficits in medical students. Fifth-year medical students first conducted a simulated prescription talk spontaneously. Subsequently, the conversation was discussed with peer students. A pharmacist moderated the discussion based upon a previously developed conversation guide. Afterwards, the same student had the conversation again, but as if for the first time. Conversations were video-recorded, transcribed and subjected to quantitative content analysis. Four days after the simulation, the students who conducted the talk, those who observed and discussed it, and students who did neither, completed a written test that focused on the content of an effective prescription talk. Content analysis revealed clear deficits in spontaneously led prescription talks. Even essential information as on adverse drug reactions were often lacking. Prescription talks became clearly more informative and comprehensive after the short, guided peer discussion. With regard to a comprehensive, informative prescription talk, the written test showed that both the students who conducted the talk and those who only observed it performed clearly better than the students who did not participate in the educational approach. Deficits regarding prescription talks are present in 5th year medical students. We provide an approach to both identify and address these deficits. It thus may be an example for training medical students in simulated and clinical environments like the EACPT recommended to improve pharmacology education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today�s pathology practice, pathologists combine molecular tests with conventional histopathological methods. Pathology laboratories should therefore be designed and operated in accordance with the requirements of molecular testing procedures. While the specifics of the requirements may vary depending on the spectrum of the tests that will be performed, there are several basic criteria that need to be fulfilled for standardization. Adequate space, appropriate equipment and qualified personnel are required to establish a molecular pathology laboratory. One of the most important points that should be taken into consideration while designing a molecular pathology laboratory is to create a plan to prevent contamination. As molecular diagnosis has a major role in treatment decisions, the management of the molecular pathology laboratory is of utmost importance. In this review, the criteria required to establish an optimal molecular pathology laboratory will be reviewed.

The research analyzed policies and guidelines for dealing with nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia within a collaborative approach. A case study qualitative method was used to explore and analyze the nuclear disaster threat policy and guidelines in Indonesia. The research was based on LIPI-UNESCO/ ISDR indicators on natural disaster preparedness and IAEA parameters on nuclear emergency preparedness requirements). Results showed that policies and guidelines on dealing with nuclear disaster threat in Indonesia are still deficient (34.1%); and there is no synergy and integration of policies and guidelines on preventing nuclear emergency between nuclear technology users and nuclear energy regulators on one hand and disaster management policies and guidelines at the local and national government level. Thus, enhancing policies and guidelines on dealing with nuclear disaster threats, there is need for National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) to undertake collaborative governance policies with related ministries/ agencies, facilitate the integration of nuclear hazard regulations into disaster management regulations, and facilitate the establishment of national nuclear disaster management organizations.

This paper aims to provide a practical, summarized, and clear guide of steps to carry out a systematic review and is aimed at researchers in the field of Health Sciences. The review process runs from the initial questioning to the final report, providing useful information on tools available at each stage. Systematic review and meta-analysis are currently the evidence synthesis tools of the highest level of scientific quality. They are in themselves a secondary research methodology, whose objective is to locate, evaluate, and synthesize the best evidence by selecting original papers or quality primary publications. The procedure to achieve the objective is presented as a sequential and systematized process, in stages, following the transparency principle, so as to ensure its replicability.

Autopsy is of great significance to the elucidation of the pathological changes, pathogeneses and causes of death of corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and can provide theoretical basis for more scientific and accurate prevention and control of the outbreak. Based on related laws and regulations, such as the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19, and the related guidelines on the prevention and control of the outbreak, combined with the practical work of forensic pathology examination, the Guide to the Forensic Pathology Practice on Death Cases Related to Corona Virus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） （Trial Draft） has been developed. This guide includes information on the background investigation of the cases, autopsy room requirements, personal prevention and protections, external examinations, autopsy, auxiliary examinations, and so on. This guide can be used as a reference by forensic and pathological examination institutions, as well as examination staff.

AIRODTM is a single-use telescopic bougie that is small enough to fit into a pocket. AIRODTM is sterile and can be expanded in hast when needed, saving precious seconds, while attempting to intubate a patient. The non-malleable bougie is able to overcome the compressive force of the oropharyngeal tissue improving the view of the vocal cords and facilitating advancement of an endotracheal tube into the trachea along with a laryngoscope. This series reports four cases of successful first pass intubation with the AIRODTM.

Актуальность проблемы выбора коммуникативной стратегии в религиоведческой экскурсии связана с расширением практики данных экскурсий на современном этапе и их существенной спецификой по сравнению с другими видами экскурсий. Объектом анализа, проводимого на основе опыта Томского государственного педагогического университета, являются возможные варианты таких стратегий. Выявлены коммуникативные стратегии проведения религиоведческой экскурсии, формирующиеся в зависимости от субъекта экскурсионного процесса – экскурсовода, показана их специфика с точки зрения общих подходов и методики работы с аудиторией. Традиционная коммуникативная модель проведения экскурсий оценивается как оптимальная для первичного знакомства обучающихся с религиозной культурой, но недостаточная для глубокого знакомства с конфессией. В этой связи необходимо также привлечение представителей религиозной конфессии, работающих в рамках иной коммуникационной модели, совмещающей глубокое погружение в религиозную культуру и коммуникацию с окружающей культурной средой. Сочетание разных коммуникативных стратегий способствует формированию устойчивого познавательного интереса обучающихся. Материалы статьи могут быть использованы в практике проведения экскурсий на религиоведческую тематику, в учебном процессе высших учебных заведений.

Supply chain networks are typical examples of complex systems. Thereby, making decisions in such systems remains a very hard issue. To assist decision makers in formulating the appropriate strategies, robust tools are needed. Pure optimization models are not appropriate for several reasons. First, an optimization model cannot capture the dynamic behavior of a complex system. Furthermore, most common practical problems are very constrained to be modeled as simple tractable models. To fill in the gap, hybrid optimization/simulation techniques have been applied to improve the decision-making process. In this paper we explore the near-full spectrum of optimization methods and simulation techniques. A review and taxonomy were performed to give an overview of the broad field of optimization/simulation approaches applied to solve supply chain problems. Since the possibilities of coupling them are numerous, we launch a discussion and analysis that aims at determining the appropriate framework for the studied problem depending on its characteristics. Our study may serve as a guide for researchers and practitioners to select the suitable technique to solve a problem and/or to identify the promising issues to be further explored.

Autopsy is of great significance for elucidating the pathological changes, pathogenesis and cause of death of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can provide a theoretical basis for scientific and accurate prevention and control of its outbreak. Based on related laws and regulations, such as the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 and guidelines on the prevention and control of this epidemic, combined with the practical work of forensic pathology examinations, we developed the Guide to Forensic Pathology Practice for Death Cases Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Trial Draft). This guide describes the background investigation of the death cases, autopsy room requirements, personal prevention and protections, external examinations, autopsy practices and auxiliary examinations, and thus offers a reference for forensic and pathological examination institutions and staff.

In the case of reptiles, the recommendations and dosages of medicines are based mainly on the clinical experience accumulated in the cabinets than on the pharmacokinetic studies. Many doses have been derived from mammals, but they have not yet been perfectly adapted to the significant body and metabolism variations that occur specifically in reptiles. That is why, the reports in the literature are often different, even contradictory. Also, generalizations between reptile classes have often been proven wrong. Due to the fact that reptiles are ectothermic, the environment or body temperature have a special significance in the rate of absorption, excretion or toxicity of the drugs administered. From the desire to provide as much useful data as possible, the list presented is updated and comes from various sources that deal with this topic of the reptiles’ therapy (but often contradictory doses recommended by the authors of the sources are presented in some medicines or associations). For this reason, the personal experience of clinicians in exotic animal diseases is often decisive and priceless.

This article is aimed to create mind skills training manual books for guidance teachers and counselors to increase counseling skills theoretically and practically. Mind skill used by counselors and guides teachers in MTs 1 Kudus, MTs TBS, and Muhammadiyah Kudus, Central Java to manage and think about what they think and do. It will implicate how they react and act, communicate, and respond to their counselee or client. This article used a development approach that modified from Borg and Gall model through three phases included (1) preparation, (2) implementation, and (3) trial. The mind skills training book was developed by referring to the needs of research subjects based on the results of interviews and literature studies. The result shows that the mind skills manual book for guide teacher counselor is accepted and fulfillment with an average value of 87% in the "very good" category for small group tests by corresponding of correctness, usefulness, and conformity aspect. Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuat buku panduan pelatihan keterampilan pikiran untuk guru bimbingan dan konselor dalam rangka meningkatkan keterampilan konseling secara teoritis dan praktis. Keterampilan pikiran digunakan oleh konselor dan membimbing guru di MTs 1 Kudus, MTs TBS, dan Muhammadiyah Kudus, Jawa Tengah untuk mengelola dan berpikir tentang apa yang mereka pikirkan dan lakukan. Ini akan melibatkan bagaimana mereka bereaksi dan bertindak, berkomunikasi, dan menanggapi konseli atau klien mereka. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan pengembangan yang dimodifikasi dari model Borg dan Gall melalui tiga fase termasuk (1) persiapan, (2) implementasi, dan (3) percobaan. Buku pelatihan keterampilan pikiran dikembangkan dengan merujuk pada kebutuhan subyek penelitian berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa buku panduan keterampilan pikiran untuk guru BK membimbing diterima dan dipenuhi dengan nilai rata-rata 87% dalam kategori "sangat baik" untuk tes kelompok kecil dengan aspek ketepatan, kegunaan, dan kesesuaian.

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are extremely common being detected by ultrasonography in up to 67% of the population, with current surgical tenet maintaining that lobectomy is required for large symptomatic benign nodules or autonomously functionally nodules resulting in a risk of hypothyroidism or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury even in high volume centres. The introduction of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has allowed thermal ablation of both benign and autonomously functioning thyroid nodules with minimal morbidity. The moving shot technique is the most well-established technique in performing RFA of thyroid nodules, and has proven to be safe, efficacious, accurate and successful amongst experienced clinicians. The purpose of this article to propose the use of a novel guide when performing RFA of thyroid nodules in clinical practice utilizing the moving shot technique., Methods: The technique proposed of RFA involves the use of a 10MHz linear ultrasound probe attached to an 18G guide which provides robust in line visualisation of a 7cm or 10cm radiofrequency probe tip (STARmed, Seoul, Korea) utilizing the trans isthmic moving shot technique. A geometric analysis of the guide has been illustrated diagrammatically., Results: The use of an 18G radiofrequency probe guide (CIVCO Infiniti Plus™ Needle Guide) maintains in line visualisation of the radiofrequency probe over a cross-sectional area up to 28cm 2 , facilitating efficient and complete ablation of conceptual subunits during RFA of thyroid nodules., Discussion: Radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules can be performed safely and effectively using the novel radiofrequency probe guide proposed which we believe potentially improves both accuracy and overall efficiency, along with operator confidence in maintaining visualisation of the probe tip, and hence we believe provides a valuable addition to the armamentarium of clinicians wishing to embark on performing RFA of thyroid nodules., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor PP-A declared a shared parent affiliation with all authors at the time of review., (Copyright © 2024 Sarkis, Higgins, Enepekides and Eskander.)

Background: Patient-specific aiming devices (PSAD) may improve precision and accuracy of glenoid component positioning in total shoulder arthroplasty, especially in degenerative glenoids. The aim of this study was to compare precision and accuracy of guide wire positioning into different glenoid models using a PSAD versus a standard guide., Methods: Three experienced shoulder surgeons inserted 2.5 mm K-wires into polyurethane cast glenoid models of type Walch A, B and C (in total 180 models). Every surgeon placed guide wires into 10 glenoids of each type with a standard guide by DePuy Synthes in group (I) and with a PSAD in group (II). Deviation from planned version, inclination and entry point was measured, as well as investigation of a possible learning curve., Results: Maximal deviation in version in B- and C-glenoids in (I) was 20.3° versus 4.8° in (II) (p < 0.001) and in inclination was 20.0° in (I) versus 3.7° in (II) (p < 0.001). For B-glenoid, more than 50% of the guide wires in (I) had a version deviation between 11.9° and 20.3° compared to ≤ 2.2° in (II) (p < 0.001). 50% of B- and C-glenoids in (I) showed a median inclination deviation of 4.6° (0.0°-20.0°; p < 0.001) versus 1.8° (0.0°-4.0°; p < 0.001) in (II). Deviation from the entry point was always less than 5.0 mm when using PSAD compared to a maximum of 7.7 mm with the standard guide and was most pronounced in type C (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: PSAD enhance precision and accuracy of guide wire placement particularly for deformed B and C type glenoids compared to a standard guide in vitro. There was no learning curve for PSAD. However, findings of this study cannot be directly translated to the clinical reality and require further corroboration., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: The peer review process is critical to maintaining quality, reliability, novelty, and innovation in the scientific literature. However, the teaching of scientific peer review is rarely a component of formal scientific or clinical training, and even the most experienced peer reviewers express interest in continuing education. The objective of this review article is to summarize the collective perspectives of experienced journal editors about how to be a good reviewer in a step-by-step guide that can serve as a resource for the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript., Methods: This is a narrative review., Results: A review of the history and an overview of the modern-day peer review process are provided with attention to the role played by the reviewer, including important reasons for involvement in scientific peer review. The general components of a scientific peer review are described, and a model for how to structure a peer review report is provided. These concepts are also summarized in a reviewer checklist that can be used in real-time to develop and double-check one's reviewer report before submitting it., Conclusions: Peer review is a critically important service for maintaining quality in the scientific literature. Peer review of a scientific manuscript and the associated reviewer's report should assess specific details related to the accuracy, validity, novelty, and interpretation of a study's results. We hope that this article will serve as a resource and guide for reviewers of all levels of experience in the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript., Competing Interests: Ahmad R. Sedaghat is Associate Editor for Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, Rhinology and International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology; Manuel Bernal‐Sprekelsen is Editor‐in‐Chief of European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, receives speaker honorarium from Sanofi Spain, GSK Spain, and, as scientific advisor, from Bionorica, Germany; Wytske J. Fokkens is editor‐in‐chief of Rhinology and Associate Editor for Allergy; Timothy L. Smith is editor‐in‐chief of International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology; Michael G. Stewart is former editor‐in‐chief of Laryngoscope; Romaine F. Johnson is editor‐in‐chief of Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology., (© 2024 The Authors. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Triological Society.)

The majority of end-stage kidney disease patients are treated with haemodialysis (HD). Starting HD can pose physical, social, and psychological challenges to patients, and mortality rates within the first 6 months are disproportionately high, with intensive HD regimens implicated as a potential factor. Starting HD with an incremental approach, taking residual kidney function (RKF) into account, potentially allows for a gentle start with reduced dialysis intensity. Dialysis intensity (session time or frequency) can then be proportionally increased as RKF reduces. This approach to starting HD has been reported in observational studies to result in better patient self-reported health quality of life and reduced costs, and now several definitive randomised controlled trials are underway comparing an incremental approach to the conventional thrice weekly paradigm. Physician concerns over the risk of inadequate dialysis, with consequent increased emergency admissions, and practical challenges of how to estimate RKF and implement incremental dialysis have impeded widespread adoption. Addressing these challenges is paramount to increasing the uptake of incremental HD. Careful patient selection lies at the heart of a successful incremental HD programme. Generally, patients with a residual urea clearance of > 3 ml/min/1.73 m 2 can be considered suitable for starting with incremental HD provided they comply with fluid intake, salt and other dietary recommendations. Calculating RKF from regular interdialytic urine collections and appropriately adjusting sessional HD clearance targets are practical and conceptual challenges. In this report we aim to disentangle these complexities and provide a step-by-step guide for patient selection and adjusting dialysis sessional targets., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Nephrology.)

Purpose: Sexual health concerns are common in breast cancer surgery but often overlooked. Yet, breast cancer patients want more sexual health information from their providers. We aimed to share ways for providers to address sexual health concerns with their breast cancer patients at different stages of the treatment process., Methods: Experts in breast cancer treatments, surgeries, and sexual health at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center assembled to review the literature and to develop the recommendations., Results: Providers should provide sexual health information for their breast cancer patients throughout the continuum of care. Conversations should be initiated by the providers and can be brief and informative. Whenever appropriate, patients should be referred to Sexual Medicine experts and/or psychosocial support. There are various recommendations and tools that can be utilized at diagnosis, endocrine and chemotherapy, and breast surgery to identify patients with sexual health concerns and to improve their sexual functioning., Conclusion: In this paper, we sought to provide providers with some insights, suggestions, and tools to address sexual health concerns. We encourage healthcare providers to initiate the conversation throughout the continuum of care beginning as early as diagnosis and refer patients to additional services if available., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

In the study, it was aimed to examine the meanings attributed to the concept of academician in line with the opinions of senior university students. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. In the determination of the study group, easily accessible technique was used. The study group of this research was 348 senior university students studying at Bingöl University in the 2019-2020 academic year. In the study, the form containing a metaphor sentence was sent to the students online (Mail, WhatsApp). The "content analysis" technique was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, the participants produced 154 different metaphors about the concept of "academician". When the metaphors created by the participants were categorized according to their similarity, 21 different categories and 3 themes were created. The themes created by the participants for the concept of academician are grouped under themes such as "being a guide" (49.78%), "researcher" (45.98%), and "negative characteristics" (4.31%) respectively. According to the participants' perceptions of the concept of academician, it was concluded that academicians are generally perceived as "guides" and “researchers”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors include a relatively new class of glucose-lowering drugs that reduce plasma glucose concentrations by inhibiting proximal tubular reabsorption of glucose in the kidney, while increasing its excretion in urine. Recent large randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that many of these agents reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalisation for heart failure, cardiovascular death and/or chronic kidney disease progression in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Given their unique insulin-independent mode of action and favourable efficacy and adverse-event profile, SGLT2 inhibitors are promising and they offer an interesting therapeutic approach for the cardiologist to incorporate into routine practice. However, despite accumulating data supporting this class of therapy, cardiologists infrequently prescribe SGLT2 inhibitors, potentially due to a lack of familiarity with their use and the reticence to change DM medication. Here, we provide an up-to-date practical guide highlighting important elements of treatment initiation based on real-world evidence and expert opinion. We describe how to change DM medication, including insulin dosing when appropriate, and how to anticipate any adverse events based on real-world experience in patients with DM2 in the Meander Medical Centre in Amersfoort, the Netherlands. This includes a simple algorithm showing how to initiate SGLT2 inhibitor treatment safely, while considering the consequence of the glucosuric effects of these inhibitors for the individual patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a research on the operational damage to sectional insulator guides made of hard electrolytic copper Cu-ETP (Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper). The guides were used on various rail routes, in real conditions, on which the trains ran at maximum speeds between 40 and 120 km/h for periods of 6 or 12 months. The microstructure of the surface, the working layer of the guide, which contacts the graphite plate of the current collector and the cross-section of the guide in the place where it was damaged was examined using the Olympus light microscope. The analysis of the chemical composition in the EDS micro-regions was performed using the Zeiss Supra 53 scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the qualitative X-ray phase analysis was performed with the use of the Panalytical X'Pert diffractometer. Scratches and deformations of the surface layer characteristic of the phenomenon of friction caused by the current collector were observed in the microstructure of the damaged parts of the guides of section insulators. The effect of a very intense oxidation process was also observed, as well as the effects of an electric arc, which according to the author, is the factor that has the most destructive effect on the condition of the guides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the treatment of choice for kidney stones >2 cm in size. Obtaining a nephrostomy tract to access the kidney is a key step in this procedure that ultimately determines the patient's outcome. We describe each step of the endoscopic guided approach to PCNL as performed at the University of California, Irvine. Each step of the endoscopic guided PCNL is described and depicted in the video. Surgical steps depicted in the video are from various recorded PCNL procedures from our institution. This guide outlines the indications, preoperative preparation, patient positioning, surgical steps, and postoperative care for patients undergoing PCNL using the endoscopic guided approach. Direct observation of nephrostomy puncture, tract dilation using the balloon, and passing of the Amplatz sheath allow for proper access to the kidney and lower risk of injury. By following this systematic module of endoscopic guided PCNL, a nephrostomy tract can be created and accessed under direct observation, facilitating the routine steps of PCNL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Română de Drept al Afacerilor is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In the aftermath of fires which swept through a regional community in 2013, community leaders were thrust, unprepared, into the disaster recovery arena. The objective of this research was to investigate the subsequent lived experience of these community leaders and, based on this information, develop a guide to meet the challenges for their personal preparation in the context of disaster. Design: Ethical approval for the overarching Community Connections project was provided by Charles Sturt University (H2014073). The project design was informed by an interpretivist paradigm and the methodology embraced participatory action research and thus engaged community members and leaders as research partners. This paper reports on the community leader component of the overarching project. Setting: Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. Participants: There were 7 interview participants in both 2014 and 2018; 5 participated in both years. Participants were either managers of a local non‐government organisation, peak body, school, emergency service or large relief organisation with a local presence. Main outcome measure: The development of a guide for the personal preparation of community leaders. Results: The stress of community leaders escalated after the disaster, resulting in a debilitating blurring of professional and personal boundaries, heightened demand on personal knowledge, networking relationships and communication strategies. Conclusion: The guide is practical and far reaching; the researchers could not locate anything similar to guide community leaders in their personal planning and preparation for work in disaster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Patients want more information and active participation in medical decisions. Information and active participation correlate with increased adherence. A conversation guide, combining patient-relevant drug information with steps of shared decision-making, was developed to support physicians in effective and efficient prescription talks. Six GP trainees in community-based primary care practices participated in a controlled pilot study in sequential pre-post design. Initially, they conducted 41 prescription talks as usual, i.e., without knowing the guide. Then, they conducted 23 talks considering the guide (post-intervention phase). Immediately after the respective talk, patients filled in a questionnaire on satisfaction with the information on medication and physician–patient interaction, and physicians about their satisfaction with the talk and the application of the guide. Patients felt better informed after guide-based prescription talks (e.g., SIMS-D in median 10 vs. 17, p < 0.05), more actively involved (KPF-A for patient activation 2.9 ± 0.8 vs. 3.6 ± 0.8, p < 0.05), and more satisfied with the physician–patient interaction. Physicians rated the guide helpful and feasible. Their satisfaction with the conversation was significantly enhanced during the post-intervention phase. The evaluation of the duration of the talk was not influenced. Enhanced patients' and physicians' satisfaction with prescription talks encourages further examinations of the conversation guide. We invite physicians to try our guide in everyday medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Success with genome editing by the RNA-programmed nuclease Cas9 has been limited by the inability to predict effective guide RNAs and DNA target sites. Not all guide RNAs have been successful, and even those that were, varied widely in their efficacy. Here we describe and validate a strategy for Caenorhabditis elegans that reliably achieved a high frequency of genome editing for all targets tested in vivo. The key innovation was to design guide RNAs with a GG motif at the 3' end of their target-specific sequences. All guides designed using this simple principle induced a high frequency of targeted mutagenesis via nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and a high frequency of precise DNA integration from exogenous DNA templates via homology-directed repair (HDR). Related guide RNAs having the GG motif shifted by only three nucleotides showed severely reduced or no genome editing. We also combined the 3' GG guide improvement with a co-CRISPR/co-conversion approach. For this co-conversion scheme, animals were only screened for genome editing at designated targets if they exhibited a dominant phenotype caused by Cas9-dependent editing of an unrelated target. Combining the two strategies further enhanced the ease of mutant recovery, thereby providing a powerful means to obtain desired genetic changes in an otherwise unaltered genome.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNA-guided nucleases have gathered considerable excitement as a tool for genome engineering. However, questions remain about the specificity of target site recognition. Cleavage specificity is typically evaluated by low throughput assays (T7 endonuclease I assay, target amplification followed by high-throughput sequencing), which are limited to a subset of potential off-target sites. Here, we used ChIP-seq to examine genome-wide CRISPR binding specificity at gRNA-specific and gRNA-independent sites for two guide RNAs. RNA-guided Cas9 binding was highly specific to the target site while off-target binding occurred at much lower intensities. Cas9-bound regions were highly enriched in NGG sites, a sequence required for target site recognition by Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. To determine the relationship between Cas9 binding and endonuclease activity, we applied targeted sequence capture, which allowed us to survey 1200 genomic loci simultaneously including potential off-target sites identified by ChIP-seq and by computational prediction. A high frequency of indels was observed at both target sites and one off-target site, while no cleavage activity could be detected at other ChIP-bound regions. Our results confirm the high-specificity of CRISPR endonucleases and demonstrate that sequence capture can be used as a high-throughput genome-wide approach to identify off-target activity.

Eukaryotic cells execute complex transcriptional programs in which specific loci throughout the genome are regulated in distinct ways by targeted regulatory assemblies. We have applied this principle to generate synthetic CRISPR-based transcriptional programs in yeast and human cells. By extending guide RNAs to include effector protein recruitment sites, we construct modular scaffold RNAs that encode both target locus and regulatory action. Sets of scaffold RNAs can be used to generate synthetic multigene transcriptional programs in which some genes are activated and others are repressed. We apply this approach to flexibly redirect flux through a complex branched metabolic pathway in yeast. Moreover, these programs can be executed by inducing expression of the dCas9 protein, which acts as a single master regulatory control point. CRISPR-associated RNA scaffolds provide a powerful way to construct synthetic gene expression programs for a wide range of applications, including rewiring cell fates or engineering metabolic pathways.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust genome editing technology that works in human cells, animals and plants based on the RNA-programmed DNA cleaving activity of the Cas9 enzyme. Building on previous work (Jinek et al., 2013), we show here that new genetic information can be introduced site-specifically and with high efficiency by homology-directed repair (HDR) of Cas9-induced site-specific double-strand DNA breaks using timed delivery of Cas9-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Cas9 RNP-mediated HDR in HEK293T, human primary neonatal fibroblast and human embryonic stem cells was increased dramatically relative to experiments in unsynchronized cells, with rates of HDR up to 38% observed in HEK293T cells. Sequencing of on- and potential off-target sites showed that editing occurred with high fidelity, while cell mortality was minimized. This approach provides a simple and highly effective strategy for enhancing site-specific genome engineering in both transformed and primary human cells.

The CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA complementarity to identify target sites for sequence-specific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cleavage. In its native context, Cas9 acts on DNA substrates exclusively because both binding and catalysis require recognition of a short DNA sequence, known as the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), next to and on the strand opposite the twenty-nucleotide target site in dsDNA. Cas9 has proven to be a versatile tool for genome engineering and gene regulation in a large range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, and in whole organisms, but it has been thought to be incapable of targeting RNA. Here we show that Cas9 binds with high affinity to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) targets matching the Cas9-associated guide RNA sequence when the PAM is presented in trans as a separate DNA oligonucleotide. Furthermore, PAM-presenting oligonucleotides (PAMmers) stimulate site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of ssRNA targets, similar to PAM-mediated stimulation of Cas9-catalysed DNA cleavage. Using specially designed PAMmers, Cas9 can be specifically directed to bind or cut RNA targets while avoiding corresponding DNA sequences, and we demonstrate that this strategy enables the isolation of a specific endogenous messenger RNA from cells. These results reveal a fundamental connection between PAM binding and substrate selection by Cas9, and highlight the utility of Cas9 for programmable transcript recognition without the need for tags.

Enzymes embedded into the RNA editing core complex (RECC) catalyze the U-insertion/deletion editing cascade to generate open reading frames in trypanosomal mitochondrial mRNAs. The sequential reactions of mRNA cleavage, U-addition or removal, and ligation are directed by guide RNAs (gRNAs). We combined proteomic, genetic, and functional studies with sequencing of total and complex-bound RNAs to define a protein particle responsible for the recognition of gRNAs and pre-mRNA substrates, editing intermediates, and products. This approximately 23-polypeptide tripartite assembly, termed the RNA editing substrate binding complex (RESC), also functions as the interface between mRNA editing, polyadenylation, and translation. Furthermore, we found that gRNAs represent only a subset of small mitochondrial RNAs, and yet an inexplicably high fraction of them possess 3' U-tails, which correlates with gRNA's enrichment in the RESC. Although both gRNAs and mRNAs are associated with the RESC, their metabolic fates are distinct: gRNAs are degraded in an editing-dependent process, whereas edited mRNAs undergo 3' adenylation/uridylation prior to translation. Our results demonstrate that the well-characterized editing core complex (RECC) and the RNA binding particle defined in this study (RESC) typify enzymatic and substrate binding macromolecular constituents, respectively, of the ∼40S RNA editing holoenzyme, the editosome.

The CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA complementarity to identify target sites for sequence-specific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cleavage. In its native context, Cas9 acts on DNA substrates exclusively because both binding and catalysis require recognition of a short DNA sequence, known as the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), next to and on the strand opposite the twenty-nucleotide target site in dsDNA. Cas9 has proven to be a versatile tool for genome engineering and gene regulation in a large range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, and in whole organisms, but it has been thought to be incapable of targeting RNA. Here we show that Cas9 binds with high affinity to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) targets matching the Cas9-associated guide RNA sequence when the PAM is presented in trans as a separate DNA oligonucleotide. Furthermore, PAM-presenting oligonucleotides (PAMmers) stimulate site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of ssRNA targets, similar to PAM-mediated stimulation of Cas9-catalysed DNA cleavage. Using specially designed PAMmers, Cas9 can be specifically directed to bind or cut RNA targets while avoiding corresponding DNA sequences, and we demonstrate that this strategy enables the isolation of a specific endogenous messenger RNA from cells. These results reveal a fundamental connection between PAM binding and substrate selection by Cas9, and highlight the utility of Cas9 for programmable transcript recognition without the need for tags.

Due to its high sensitivity and specificity for tumor detection, positron emission tomography (PET) has become a standard and widely used molecular imaging technique. Given the popularity of PET, both clinically and preclinically, its use has been extended to study plants. However, only a limited number of research groups worldwide report PET-based studies, while we believe that this technique has much more potential and could contribute extensively to plant science. The limited application of PET may be related to the complexity of putting together methodological developments from multiple disciplines, such as radio-pharmacology, physics, mathematics and engineering, which may form an obstacle for some research groups. By means of this manuscript, we want to encourage researchers to study plants using PET. The main goal is to provide a clear description on how to design and execute PET scans, process the resulting data and fully explore its potential by quantification via compartmental modeling. The different steps that need to be taken will be discussed as well as the related challenges. Hereby, the main focus will be on, although not limited to, tracing 11CO2 to study plant carbon dynamics.

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Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to regulate wildlife watching activities, experiments were conducted twice during 2020- 2021. After conducting the experiments, we interviewed the night wildlife tour guides and the residents of Sumiyo Town, to clarify the current status and problems of nighttime traffic control around Santaro Road in Amami-Oshima. The results showed that the guides and residents had different approaches to traffic control. The guides said that vehicle restriction was needed for self-guided tourists, but the residents wanted everyone to be able to use the road. The guides observed all wild animals for about two hours, but the residents only saw the Amami rabbits for a short period of time. There are also different views on overtaking. Because the guides had more time to observe, the residents wanted to overtake the guides’ cars after their short period of observation. They were concerned about the longer period of observation by the guides since it might affect the observation time for others (i.e., the residents themselves and the tourists). However, the guides expressed their disapproval on overtaking because they were afraid of roadkill and wanted to spot many animals for the tour participants. In order to optimize road use, the following problems were raised: (1) conflicts within the guide due to the guide system; (2) low interest of Sumiyo Town residents; and (3) distribution of traffic volume from Santaro road to other roads. The government has started to take the lead in regulating traffic control. It is not only necessary for the users and the government to recognize these problems but also they work together to resolve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional qualifications are classified legally and are the same cross the professional spectrum. What factor determines teachers' didactic, educational and professional aspirations and self-evaluation? Who/what determines that the teacher becomes an (anti)authority for his/her students, can instill their passion for learning or discourage them? When are a teacher's education and qualifications of less importance than his/her competences? There are teachers for whom work is only an obligation, a duty towards the school, and education is the obligation of a student. They are teachers working with children only because it is their legal duty. But there are also teachers who teach students how to learn, instilling in them educational freedom. These are guide-teachers who reveal their students' horizons, teaching them to choose a new knowledge that is supposed to give them satisfaction, emotional joy and practical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech Journal of Historical Heritage Preservation / Zpravy Pamatkove Pece is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Autobiografia is the property of Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego / University of Szczecin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Raman microscopy is a highly suitable and well settled down analytical technique for qualitative determination of chemical substances. However, many university undergraduate chemical degrees do not incorporate its practical training in the experimental laboratory practises that constitute their curricula. For this reason, this work aimed at designing a practical beginner's guide to Raman microscopy useful for undergraduate students, teachers or practitioners who need to use it for the first time. After a brief explanation of the main concepts about Raman microscopy, the methodology development and results interpretation are mainly explained using paracetamol (acetaminophen) drugs as example. In addition, this guide presents an application to the identification of different components within a mixture, which shows the instrumental potential and how to use it effectively. Finally, acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, and sucrose were positively detected using Raman microscopy on a commercial drug whose major component was acetaminophen. In fact, the guide shows the detection and unequivocal identification of different components in the mixtures, even for those low concentration components (5-10% mass ratio). This work clearly proposes different pragmatic criteria at the laboratory for identifying substances in mixtures to promote an easy implementation of the Raman microscopy technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]