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Os objetivos do estudo foram: a) avaliar a capacidade funcional de idosos diabéticos tipo 2 comparando-os com idosos não diabéticos e b) comparar o nível da capacidade funcional com a prática de atividade física. A amostra foi constituída por 114 idosos, sendo 70 diabéticos, com média de idade de 67,67 ± 5,3 anos e 44 não-diabéticos, com média de idade de 72,84 ± 6,2 anos. O estudo foi baseado em informações obtidas a partir de entrevista direta nas quais os idosos foram avaliados quanto à capacidade funcional através de aplicação da escala de atividades da vida diária (AVDs) proposta por Matsudo (2000). Os dados foram analisados pelo Teste Qui-quadrado com p

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of hypertension among Mexican adults, and to compare to that observed among Mexican-Americans living in the US. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The primary data source came from adults (>20 years) sampled (n=33366) in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANUT 2006). Hypertension was defined when systolic blood pressure was >140 and/or diastolic was >90 or patients previously diagnosed. RESULTS: A total of 43.2% of participants were classified as having hypertension. We found a positive statistically significant association (pOBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial de adultos mexicanos y compararla con la observada en mexicanos residentes en Estados Unidos (EUA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La principal fuente de información fue la muestra de adultos (>20 años) que participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 (ENSANUT 2006) (n=33366). El diagnóstico de hipertensión se definió cuando la tensión arterial sistólica y/o diastólica fue >140/> 90 mmHg, o tenían diagnóstico médico previo. RESULTADOS: El 43.2% tuvo diagnóstico de hipertensión. Se encontró una asociación positiva (p

OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and other cardiovascular risk factors in three national health surveys (1993, 2000 and 2006). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases of three surveys: ENEC 1993, ENSA 2000 and ENSANUT 2006 were gathered. Calculations of published data were reprocessed to do appropriate adjustments to assure comparability among surveys. RESULTS: From 1993 to 2006 the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (6.7-14.4%), metabolic syndrome (26.6-36.8%), hypertension (23.8-30.7%), hypercholesterolemia (27-43.6%), and high LDL-cholesterol (31.6-46%) increased rapidly. The prevalence of low HDL cholesterol was very high (60.5-63%) in all surveys and remained remarkably unchanged among surveys. CONCLUSIONS: This increasing trends for the prevalence of T2D and cardiovascular risk factors predicts larger increments in the near future for T2D and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Intensification of the preventive and remedy strategies is mandatory in order curve the foreseen dramatic increment in the disease burden.OBJETIVO: Describir las tendencias en la prevalencia de diabetes tipo 2 (T2D), y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular como las dislipidemias y la hipertensión en tres encuestas nacionales de salud (1993, 2000 y 2006). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Las bases de datos de ENEC 1993, ENSA 2000 y ENSANUT 2006 fueron reprocesados para asegurar la comparabilidad entre las encuestas. RESULTADOS: Entre 1993 y 2006 la prevalencia de T2D (6.7-14.4%), síndrome metabólico (26.6-36.8%), hipertensión (23.8-30.7%), hipercolesterolemia (27-43.6%), y LDL-colesterol alto (31.6-46%) aumentaron rápidamente. La prevalencia de concentraciones bajas de HDL-colesterol fue muy alta (60.5-63%) en todas las encuestas, manteniéndose esencialmente sin cambios. CONCLUSIÓN: La tendencias crecientes en las prevalencias de T2D y factores de riesgo cardiovascular predicen que a corto plazo habrá importantes incrementos en la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a la T2D y enfermedades cardiovasculares, por lo que deben intensificarse las estrategias para prevenir y reducir los incrementos dramáticos previstos en la carga de enfermedad.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and to establish comparative patterns between genders with this disorder. Patients from a primary care center were assessed through a researcher design form and through the HADS, the ESSS and the PSQI. A total of 90 patients with Type 2 Diabetes were enrolled in this study (50% women), with a mean age of 56.67±6.41 years. The HADS depression presented a score of 3.77±2.98 and 6.70% of the sample revealed depression symptoms. As to anxiety, the HADS presented scores of 7.27±5.07 with 36.60% of the subjects revealing anxiety symptoms. Regarding social support, the results were positive and similar between genders. When it comes to sleep, the sample presented a PSQI of 8.68±2.87, with 73.30% of patients revealing poor sleep quality and 24.40% showing a sleep disorder. When comparing genders, women had higher anxiety (♀ 9.73±5.58; ♂ 4.80±2.91; p=0.000) and depression scores (♀ 4.26±2.69; ♂ 3.26±3.19; p=0.026), and worse sleep quality (♀ 9.88±7.46; ♂ 7.46±2.34; p=0.000). In conclusion, we can state that anxiety symptoms are very prevalent in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and women are more vulnerable to anxiety, depression symptoms and poor sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide for being one of the most common non-communicable diseases, as well as for the severity of its complications. Cortisol is hyper secreted in chronic form during diabetes and in some emotional states such as stress, contributing to increased blood glucose and thus making metabolic control unmanageable. Objective: To determine the behavior of serum cortisol levels in diabetic patients treated with floral therapy. Subjects and methods: We studied 200 type 2 diabetic outpatients without clinical diabetic foot, divided into two groups: a study group that received floral treatment and a control group receiving placebo treatment. The patients studied were of either sex, aged between 40 and 78 years old, with over 10 years of evolution of the disease, to whom cortisol levels determinations and serum glucose levels were performed on an empty stomach. Determinations were performed before and after floral and placebo treatment. Results: When initiating treatment, high levels of cortisol in serum and metabolic lack of control were found in all patients. After treatment, the study group that received floral treatment significantly decreased both cortisol levels and their serum glucose. These results were not found in the group that received placebo. Conclusions: The role of normocortisolemia levels in type 2 diabetic individuals is important to maintain metabolic control; this has been achieved by using a floral treatment. Among natural therapies, floral stands out as a therapy that uses energy pathways to achieve harmonization of emotional states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology in Ocular Health & Vision / Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular is the property of Ciencia y Tecnologia para la Salud Visual y Ocular and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion and its possible long term complications. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, but both genetic and environmental factors, such as obesity and aging, play a key role. "Diabesity" is a new term which refers to diabetes occurring in the context of obesity. In this article, we will discuss the epidemiology and impact of diabetes and obesity and will also outline the components of the metabolic syndrome and the studies that demonstrate that screening and prevention are possible in an attempt to control this epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a chronic disease with a worlwide increase in its prevalence, it is associated with diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular risk. One choice for losing weight is bariatric surgery; there are three different techniques: restrictive, malabsortive and combined. It has been proven the effective weight loss with gastric bypass and with laparoscopic gastrectomy with gastric sleeve. It also has been proven significant weight loss, remission of diabetes mellitus type 2, decrease in serum lipids and long term cardiovascular risk. In conclusion: there is no doubt that bariatric surgery has a big impact in all comorbidities related to obesity, specially diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Non communicable diseases are a major health concern. The aim of this study was to measure obesity prevalence among school age children in 8 cities of Venezuela and the association with sociodemographic, antropometric, physical activity, body composition and food security variables and to identify risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes in the future. This is a cross sectional study of 1052 children recruited in 2011 at public and private schools. Anthropometric variables, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) were obtained and there was a subsample in Caracas where capillary glucose and waist circumference were performed. A semi-structured questionnaire for evaluating socioeconomic status (SES), perception of food insecurity and lifestyle habits was given to parents of children in order to obtain information. A general prevalence 26.4 % of Obesity according to BMI was reported, whereas by BFP was 26.5%, deficit of BMI was 10.3% and low BFP 13.5%. The city with the highest prevalence of obesity according to BFP was Maracay, Aragua State. The 40.2% of children belonged to medium, low and very low SES, while 48.5% classified as medium high SES according to Graffar-Mendez Castellano's method. A high contribution of excess of fried foods, sweets, sugary beverages and junk foods was found to the axis of high BMI, weight and BFP when Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed. OR analysis didn't show significance between different variables. There was a consistent finding of the existence of the double burden: obesity-undernutrition as has been shown in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), malfunction and apoptosis of β-cell provoke a deficient insulin secretion. Generally, has been sustained that β-cell function is severely compromised in type 2 diabetes before the disease appears and then continues to decrease linearly with time. Diversionary bariatric procedures such as gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, one anastomosis gastric by-pass (BAGUA) and others that bypasses the foregut, induce a rapid non-weight-loss-associated improvement in glycemic control, especially if treated early before irreparable β-cell damage has occurred. The antidiabetic effect of bariatric operations is likely due to the improvement in the hormonal dysregulation associated with the development of diabetes. Now we know that the bariatric surgery through the reorganization of the gastrointestinal tract can affect to β-cells mass homeostasis, stopped apoptosis and stimulate the replication and neogenesis. These effects are caused mainly by three stimuli: caloric restriction, rapid transit of food to the ileum and the exclusion of an intestinal portion including the stomach, duodenum and part of the jejunum. Several mechanisms have been proposed for this exciting effect that may provide key insights into the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes. All of these mechanisms include from gut hormones such as ghrelin to second messengers such as AKT system or protein kinase B. Although not all the processes involved in the homeostasis of β-cells are clear, we can explain some of the effects of bariatric surgery exerted on this important set of endocrine cells, which are essential in diabetes control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current medical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires special attention to different comorbidities that often are associated with hyperglycemia, such as overweight or obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, microvascular or macrovascular complications, etc. .. The control of these factors risk to health is as important as the glucose control in diabetes type 2, it is essential for the antidiabetes drugs consider these risk factors. The consensus statement published by the ADA/EASD and AACE emphasizes that the potential effects of antidiabetes medications on CV risk factors besides hyperglycemia (ie, overweight/obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) should be considered in pharmacotherapy selection. Since T2DM is a progressive disease with worsening HbA1C values over time, monotherapy, even with different agents, will eventually fail to maintain the glycemic target. Because insulin resistance occurs in a variety of organs and tissues, many patients may achieve fasting glycemic control but develop postprandial hyperglycemia. Other issues include the risk for hypoglycaemia or weight gain with traditional glucose-lowering medications. The AACE/ACE algorithm for glycemic control is structured according to categories of HbA1C and suggests an HbA1C goal of ≤ 6.5%, although that may not be appropriate for all patients.42 The algorithm recommends monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple therapy based on initial HbA1C level of 6.5% to 7.5%, 7.6% to 9%, and >9 % and reserves initiation of insulin therapy until treatment with oral or other injectable agents has failed. GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors are novel options to improve glycemic control and reduce the incidence of weight gain. Combination therapy with newer and traditional agents improves glycemic control with a low incidence of hypoglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This work aims to determine the real-life anthropometric and analytical benefits of adding subcutaneous semaglutide to previous insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes., Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective, open-label study describing the clinical and anthropometric characteristics of 117 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes followed-up on in the Endocrinology and Nutrition outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias for 53 weeks after starting treatment with subcutaneous semaglutide (October-December 2019). All patients were on previous insulin treatment with or without oral antidiabetics., Results: Of the 117 initial patients, 17 did not complete the study due to adverse effects (nausea, vomiting), the physician's decision, or loss to follow-up. Twelve months (week 53) after starting semaglutide, there was a decrease in HbA1c of 0.74% (95% CI 0.59-1.14, p < 0.05) as well as 3.61 kg of weight loss (95% CI 2.30-4.92, p < 0.05) and a decline in total insulin of 15.88 IU (95% CI 10.98-20.74, p < 0.05) from baseline figures. In patients without prior GLP-1 receptor analogs (GLP-1ra), the effect in terms of a reduction in HbA1c, weight, and the total insulin dose was statistically significant. However, in patients pre-treated with GLP-1ra only had improvements in terms of weight loss. No serious adverse events were observed., Conclusions: The addition of subcutaneous semaglutide to prior insulin treatment with or without oral antidiabetics safely led to a decrease in HbA1c, weight, and the insulin dose. This effect is greater in GLP-1ra naive patients., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)

ANTECEDENTES: La hipertensión y la diabetes son las causas irias comunes de insuficiencia renal terminal en Argentina. Sobre 887 transplantes de órganos efectuados en el año 2004, correspondieron 577 a transplantes renales. En poblaciones urbanas y rurales argentinas la hipertensión tiene una prevalencia mas alta en diabéticos, siendo el tipo mas frecuente la hipertensión sistólica. Los estudios sobre la evolución se utilizan para estimar los puntos finales altamente significativos desde la perspectiva clínica. Ni ies tras conocimientos actuales sobre los efectos riel tratamiento de la hipertensión en la diabetes tipo 2 se fundan en los resultados obtenidos en estudios longitudinales randomizados. AMBITO: El presente trabajo, basado sobre una bósqiteda en el periodo 1990-2005 de la literatura MEDLINE, revisa los estudios randoinizados con el objetivo de determinar cuales son las mejores estrategias terapéuticas en esta asociación mórbida. La mayoría de los pacientes requieren dos a cuatro drogas antihipertensivas para enlentecer la progresión de daño de órganos nobles. La elección inicial de las drogas a utilizar debería fundarse sobre la presencia o no de complicaciones en órganos blanco. En aquellos pacientes sin evidencias de complicaciones, el objetivo primario es alcanzar niveles de PA

Introduction: In the last years, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity have become a serious public health problem, behaving as epidemic diseases. There is great interest in exploring different options for treatment of T2DM in non-morbidly obese patients. Objective: To report parameters of glicemic control in patients with T2DM and mild obesity who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGBP). Material and Methods: Prospective clinical trial that includes patients with T2DM with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 30 and 35 kg/mt² who underwent laparoscopic RYGBP from July 2008 through October 2010. Results: Thirty-one patients were included in the study, 15 men and 16 women, with an average age of 48.7 ± 8.6 years. The average time since onset of T2DM was 5.8 years. The average postoperative follow-up is 30.4 months. The average preoperative blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin was 152 ± 70 mg/dl and 7.7 ± 2.1%, respectively. All of them were using oral hypoglycemic agents, and 4 patients were insulin dependent. Only one patient had a postoperative complication (hemoperitoneum). At 36 months follow up the average BMI decreased to 24.7 Kg/mt², all patients (31) showed improvement in their glycemic control, and 29 of them (93.6%) met criteria for remission of T2DM in the last control. Conclusion: Laparoscopic RYGBP is a safe and effective procedure that improves glycemic control in patients with T2DM and mild obesity at mid-term follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies suggest that, among treatment orientations for treatment of diabetes, diet has been the one with the least adhesion. This study aimed to compare the effects of self-monitoring practice on the behavior adhesion of two types of nutritional rule (Food Planning [FP] and Total Carbohydrate Counting -- [TCC]) in four adults with Type 2 diabetes. In home interview was the data collection procedure. After characterization of the baseline (BL) in eating behavior of the four participants, two of them were subjected to Training Condition A (Self-Monitoring with PA followed by TCC), the other two participants to Training Condition B (Self-Monitoring with TCC followed by PA), and follow-up interviews with all four participants. As adhesion measures, Glycated hemoglobin and the Adherence Index to the Diet (AID) shown in percentages were used. It was observed on the participants' BL that the AIDs of all participants were below 50%, increasing after the self-monitoring training, regardless of their condition, being the average from TCC (75,50%) greater than that of FP (62,49%), declining afterwards in both conditions. It was also observed that the Glycated hemoglobin values in three participants had been reduced. The paper discusses the importance of nutritionists in prescribing individualized treatment and beyond the focus of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of weight through diet and exercise, is one of the main therapeutic strategies recommended on the guidelines for the treatment of diabetes type 2 patients with overweight or obesity. The Very Low Calorie Diets (VLCD) such as the Protein Diet, they can be a very good option in obese patients with diabetic type 2 due to they produce a very fast loss of weight and a smaller waist circumference, and at the same time it's possible to produce a metabolic improvement in short and long term. The reduction of the caloric intake, as well as the limited consumption of carbohydrates it's the key that leads to ketosis, and at the same time it's able to improve the metabolic control if it is compared with another types of diets, even when the loss of weight is the same, due to the reduction in the hepatic glucose production and an increase in sensitivity to insulin. This type of diets also are able to improve another problems such as hypertension and Dyslipidemia, that could accelerate the development of diabetes complications. Currently, the Protein Diet as a "Very Low Calorie Diet (VLCD) "constitute an efficient and safe choice for the treatment of the obese type 2 diabetic patients, when it happens under appropriate medical supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West Indian Medical Journal is the property of West Indian Medical Journal (WIMJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica de Rosario is the property of Circulo Medico de Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of West Indian Medical Journal is the property of West Indian Medical Journal (WIMJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Today, type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem because of its high prevalence, late diagnosis and chronic complications involving greater morbidity and mortality. Objective: The purpose of this study was o determine the preferences in diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic patients by a group of medical specialists according to international criteria. Methods: We performed an observational cross-sectional study applying an unvalidated eight-item survey to internal medicine physicians from public and private institutions, collecting demographic data, type of institution where they work, number of years practicing medicine, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) diagnostic procedures and control methods most frequently used in their clinical practice. results: We applied a total of 28 surveys. Distribution by gender was 8 (28%) women and 20 (72%) men. Average age was 47 ± 10.4 years. The average number of years practicing medicine was 21 ± 11. For diagnosis, 13 (46%) prefer a single method: 9 (32%) fasting glucose, 3 (11%) HbA1c and 1 (4%) glucose tolerance test with a 75 g dose, and 15 (54 %) of the specialists use two or more. For follow-up, the preferences were the following: 19 (68%) prefer only one method: 13 (46%) use HbA1c, 4 (14%) fasting glucose and 2 (7%) postprandial glucose, and 9 (32%) prefer two or more methods. Conclusions: The variability that exists with regard to the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with DM reflects the importance of promoting training for specialists about these criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Low carbohydrate diets (LCD) have shown beneficial effects on short-term weight reduction programs for obese individuals without diabetes, but the long-term evidence of efficacy on individuals with type 2 diabetes is not conclusive. Objective: To evaluate, the effectiveness of 12 or more weeks of LCD compared to Low Fat Diet (LFD), Usual Care Diet (UCD) or Low Glycemic Index Diet (LGID) on weight reduction and AIC on type 2 diabetes individuals. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on randomized trials registered in PubMed, Cochrane and EBSCOhost from January 1st 2000 to January 1st 2010 including those with an intervention program with LCD in type 2 diabetes subjects and a follow-up ≥ 12 weeks. Available data on study design; carbohydrate composition of diet; duration of diet; and the outcomes of weight, lipid levels (total, low density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), hemoglobin AIC percent and/or fasting glucose were extracted. Results: Five studies showed greater weight reduction with LCD, of which four demonstrated no significant difference. The longest trial intervention studies did not show a difference in weight change. Only two studies showed greater reduction of AIC with LCD, including the longest intervention trial with a low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet. Conclusions: This review shows that there are no consistent differences in weight and AIC changes over the long-term treatment with LCD and LFD, UCD or LGID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the chronic complications in Diabetes Mellitus. It constitutes the mean cause of blindness in the Western world and is related with microcirculatory changes. In its physiopathogeny, we propose the participation of key hemorheologic parameters as fibrinogenemia (determined by the Clauss method) and/or erythrocyte aggregation (quantified through ASP -Aggregate Shape Parameter-). The obtained results: (1) confirm the presence and relevance of retinopathy as a chronic complication in type 2 diabetic patients; (2) identify to fibrinogenemia as taking part in its genesis and as an indicator for the detection of possible ocular lesions and, moreover, corroborate the pertinence of 295 mg% as an adequate cut off for this variable; (3) add, in this regard, a still lower value (285 mg%); (4) diminish the role of erythrocyte aggregation in the origin of ocular lesions; (4) emphasize, in contrast, the relevance of fibrinogenemia and erythrocyte aggregation in diabetic patients with simultaneous microangiopathic proliferative ocular and skin lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 14-year-old woman presented with recent history of type 2 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. Initial treatment included hydration and IV insulin. The anti-GAD was negative, and C-peptide was normal. Clinical evolution was good. Long-term treatment included metformin, diet and exercise. Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been viewed as a disorder of adults. However, as the prevalence of obesity in youth is increasing, type 2 diabetes is now occurring in children and adolescents. Sustained hyperglycemia can impair the secretion of insulin by the beta-cells of the pancreas. Glucose toxicity explains why some patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have weight loss, diabetic ketoacidosis, and low measured insulin and C-peptide. Diabetic ketoacidosis in obese adolescents with new-onset diabetes does not imply the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No nutritional protocol for poorly controlled diabetic patients receiving well-managed drug treatment is currently available. Objective: Aims were to compare dietary consumption of calcium and fibers with lipid profile and glycosilated hemoglobin HbA1c. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes were consecutively recruited. A food-frequency questionnaire and tests for lipid profile, HbA1c, and C reactive protein were collected, along with clinical and anthropometric assessment. Results: Patients (N = 114, age 65.7 ± 6.5 years, 75.4% females, BMI 29.0 ± 5.3 kg/m²) were often insulin-dependent (32.5%) and with systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein 4.2 ± 3.9 mg/L). Diet was energy restricted (1,365 ± 565 kcal/day) and mostly adequate but with suboptimal fiber (15.4 ± 8.6 g/day) and very low calcium (592.4 ± 204.4 mg/day). Calcium and fiber in the diet correlated with serum lipids, whereas fiber alone displayed a protective association regarding diabetes (HBA1c, insulin use) and arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Calcium and fiber ingestion exhibited correlations with important markers of metabolic status and cardiovascular risk. Future studies should address enhancement of these ingredients by means of dietary changes and supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic cell destruction causing type 1 diabetes is associated to diverse autoantibodies. Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase have been found in type 1 (DM1) and type 2 diabetic patients (DM2). Their presence in siblings is unknown. Objective: To determine the presence of anti-GAD65 autoantibodies in diabetic patients and their siblings. Participants and method: Sixty-eight individuals were included and distributed in four groups: group 1 DM1, group 2 DM2, group 3 and 4 healthy siblings of patients from groups 1 and 2. Anti-GAD65, peptide C, serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were obtained. Body mass index and hip-waist ratio were measured. Results: Anti-GAD65 antibodies were positive in 23% of DM1, in 14% of DM2, and in 7.7% and 9.5% in siblings of both groups, respectively. Using Mann-Whitney's U the mean of anti-GAD65 in diabetic type 1 and 2 patients was p = 0.022; between DM1 and their siblings and between DM2 and their siblings there was no statistical significance. C peptide was low in cases of positive anti-GAD65 of DM1 and DM2; and it was normal in patients with negative anti-GAD65. Conclusions: Anti-GAD65 autoantibodies are more frequent in type 1 diabetic patients. There were no meaningful differences regarding the presence of anti-GAD65 in patients and their siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in affluent societies, affecting 2-8% of the general population, and it will be soon in our societies. It is generally asymptomatic or with a no specific picture of fatigue, hepatic pain or discomfort and hepatomegaly. It is suspected in cases with aminotransferase or imaging abnormalities. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. There is a close pathogenic relationship with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Approximately 20-25% of the cases progress into cirrhosis with all its complications including hepatocellular carcinoma and the need for liver transplantation. Correction of insulin resistance with dietary measures and physical activity is generally beneficial. The efficacy of the multiple medications available remains to be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have identified the existence of a connection between Diabetes Mellitus and dementia. High blood sugar level can be a significant factor of the incidence of Alzheimer, which could be a secondary cause of dementia. Other research revealed that the executive functions of the elderly with DM were more impaired than in those without DM. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is associated with cognitive and functional deficits and, one of the tools, which can be used to assess executive functions, is the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). A systematic review was performed with the aim of verifying the characteristics of indexed publications in the last eight years, using the following subjects: Type 2 Diabetes, elderly people, the WCST, thought and cognitive flexibility, and executive functions. Results show that studies involving DM2, elderly people and WCST are few. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)