Search

To examine the prevalence of sagittal relationships, asymmetries and midline shift, and their associations with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966). 1845 subjects participated in a clinical examination at the age of 46. Occlusal measurements were performed using 3D models. Symptoms of TMD were screened using validated questions, and signs and diagnoses of TMD were assessed using a modified protocol of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and questionnaires. Associations between variables of occlusion and TMD were evaluated with χ2-test and Fisher's exact test and using logistic regression analyses, adjusted for self-reported general health, mental health, bruxism, and rheumatoid arthritis. The most common sagittal relationships were Class I and normal canine relationship. Half-cusp Class II and post-normal canine relationship were more frequent in females, and Class III and pre-normal canine relationship in males. Deviations from normal cuspid or molar relationships showed a weak but statistically significant association with TMD, especially in females. Half-cusp Class II and Class II relationships were more frequent in relation to joint-related TMD signs and diagnoses while missing canines were associated with pain-related TMD diagnoses. The present study findings gave some indications that canine relationships are associated with pain-related TMD, whereas Angle II sagittal occlusal relations may associate with joint-related TMD. Occlusal characteristics should therefore be taken into account as one possible associating factor in subjects with TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The resin infiltration technique is a minimally invasive approach that can be used to treat white spot lesions and arrest the progression of caries lesions. In this case report, it is aimed to eliminate the existing aesthetic problem by treating enamel hypomineralization in the maxillary central and canine teeth with the resin infiltration technique. Methodology: A 17-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic because of an aesthetic problem caused by a white spot lesion in his maxillary central and canine teeth. After clinical and radiological examination, his treatment options were evaluated, and we decided to treat it with the resin infiltration technique. After cleaning the surfaces of the teeth with a prophylaxis pad (Ultrapro Tx, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), isolation was achieved by applying a gingival barrier (Gingival Barrier, SDI, Bayswater, VIC, Australia). The adjacent teeth were protected using Teflon tape. A 15% hydrochloric acid gel (Icon Etch, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) was applied to the enamel surfaces for two minutes by mixing with a brush. After, the acid was removed using a water spray for 30 seconds. Ethanol (Icon Dry, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) was applied for 30 seconds and air dried. Then, a low-viscosity resin infiltrant (Icon Infiltrant; DMG, Hamburg, Germany) was applied to the tooth surfaces for three minutes by slight massage. After the application, the resin was light polymerized for 40 seconds (D-Light Pro, GC, Tokyo, Japan). The whole procedure was performed in such a way that there were two consecutive cycles. Results: Aesthetics improved after the procedure. The patient was followed up with control sessions. Conclusion: White spot lesions can be treated with a minimally invasive approach using the resin infiltration technique with appropriate indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency of impaction of permanent teeth, beyond the third molars, and to highlight the factors causing this condition. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 1400 patients that sought orthodontic treatment in private practice were retrieved and examined. All teeth that had not been erupted at the time of the examination while their root formation was completed were considered impacted. Results: In total, 212 out of 1400 patients had at least one impacted tooth (15.14%). The highest incidence of tooth impaction was in the canines of the maxilla, followed by the central incisors of the maxilla, the second molars of the mandible and the second premolars of the mandible. The most common etiological factors responsible for the impaction were the ectopic eruption pathway, loss of space in the arch, the ankylosis of the deciduous teeth and the presence of supernumerary teeth. Conclusions: Tooth impaction is frequently seen in everyday orthodontic practice. The upper canines are the teeth most frequently associated with impaction and failure of eruption. It is important to diagnose cases of impaction early on and identify the etiological factors in order to achieve immediate and effective treatment per patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Orthodontic treatment of dogs in the growth spurt is most effective. It gives a permanent shift of the teeth and a change in occlusion. Treatment does not require retention. Early diagnosis and proper treatment will protect dog in the early stage of life from tooth removal. The use of acrylic appliances is a sure method of treating tooth displacement defects with the accompanying displacement of the mandible, which is a daily practice in these tests. Linguoverted mandibular canines are relatively rare among craniofacial abnormalities, and they are an isolated anomaly. They are most often caused by non-genetic factors such as persistent deciduous canine teeth or trauma coinciding with the eruption of permanent teeth. Another factor may be mandible narrowing or underdevelopment in the transverse dimension and vestibular inclination of the maxillary canine teeth. This article presents a procedure based on three cases where the position of the mandibular canine tooth was corrected using human orthodontic appliances modified to affect the canine dental system. The incline of the appliance was made to stimulate the protrusion of the mandible while the teeth were closing. After approximately 4 weeks, the lower canine teeth moved along the incline of the appliance, and tilt toward the flews was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to verify the effects of bleaching toothpaste on colour stability, elastic properties, surface topography between aesthetic polyurethane and silicone elastomeric ligatures from different brands. Methods: Elastomeric ligatures tested were: 1‐Mini Single Case Ligature Stick (RMO‐polyurethane); 2‐Ligature "S" Shaped Dispenser (RMO‐Silicone); 3‐Sany‐tie (GAC‐translucent polyurethane); and 4‐Sili‐tie (GAC‐translucent silicone). The ligatures were randomly assigned from the brackets of canines and lower incisors of 40 patients. The study had two phases of 30 days in which a different toothpaste was used, followed by a washout period of 30 days. After each phase, ligatures were submitted to colour checking, tensile strength, and SEM. Results: The average of the ultimate tensile strength (m = 2.59; DP = 0.014) was higher in the control ligatures if compared to the tested ones (m = 2.24; DP = 0.014). There were no statistically significant differences between toothpastes regarding the type of ligature. Also, no interaction was observed between toothpastes in ligature's ultimate tensile strength and strain. The type of toothpaste did not minimize colour changes. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was no difference in colour stability and elastic properties between polyurethane or silicone aesthetic elastomeric modules. Whitening toothpastes had no impact on ligatures performance after 30 days in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaction and eruption disturbance of permanent teeth are frequently encountered in orthodontic practice. The canine teeth play an important role both functionally and esthetically. Eruption disturbance of a maxillary canine, if left untreated, can cause not only disturbed jaw movement and esthetic problems, but also root resorption of adjacent permanent teeth, and thus should be diagnosed and treated appropriately. In this report, we present a case of a patient with eruption disturbance of the maxillary left canine in which the maxillary left second molar was extracted and the maxillary left first molar was distally moved with a Hyrax-type expander (Veltri Monolateral Screw®; Leone, Firenze, Italy) designed to enable the distal movement of a unilateral first molar in order to create eruption space for the maxillary left canine, resulting in smooth distal molar movement and alignment of the left maxillary canine in the dental arch. Furthermore, the maxillary third molar was also aligned to achieve a good occlusal relationship without reducing the number of teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The stability of the transverse expansion in passive self-ligating bracket treatments is a debated topic in orthodontics. However, to date, only 3 reports are available in the literature, with the maximum follow-up of 3 years after the end of therapy. The present study aims to evaluate the stability of orthodontic treatment with self-ligating brackets in a 6-year follow-up period of time. Materials and methods: A sample of 56 non-extractive cases (of whom 33 females, mean age 16.9, SD = 9.0 years) consecutively treated with Damon® system was retrospectively selected. All patients received fixed retainers from canine to canine in both arches at the end of treatment, and no removable retainers were provided. The mean values of the transverse intercusp, transverse centroid and transverse lingual distances were evaluated for all teeth from canines to second molars in both arches. Each measure was calculated at four timepoints: before treatment (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), one year after treatment (T2) and six years after treatment (T3). Transverse diameters were measured for all teeth, starting from the canines to the second molars, for a total of 1680 observations, and subsequently compared in order to evaluate intra-treatment and post-treatment modifications. Results: There were increases in all transverse dental measurements during active treatment. A statistically significant (p <.05) reduction of the transverse diameter was found, for upper and lower premolars, from T1 to T3. Conclusion: The 6-year follow-up analysis detected that the initial transverse expansion showed a statistically significant relapse in premolars. No relapse was detected at the level of canines, due to the presence of fixed retainers, and minimal at first molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Canine relationship is a key reference identifying anterior malocclusion and an important implication for evaluating preimplantation bone morphology at maxillary esthetic zone. This study aimed to compare the differences of maxillary central incisor-related measurements (alveolar bone thickness and tooth sagittal angulation) between Class I and Class III canine relationship and further explore the risk factors for immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. Methods: CBCT digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) files of 107 patients (54 with Class I canine relationship and 53 with Class III canine relationship) were collected and the alveolar bone thickness at mid-root (mid-root buccal thickness/MBT; palatal/MPT), apical regions (apical buccal thickness/ABT; palatal/APT) and sagittal angulation (SA) of the maxillary central incisor at the examined side were measured on the mid-sagittal observation plane. Descriptive statistical analysis and frequency distributions of the measurements based on Class I or Class III canine relationship were established. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test, independent samples t test and Pearson correlation test with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The frequency distributions of maxillary central incisors' MPT, ABT, APT and SA showed significant differences between Class I and Class III canine relationships (p = 0.030, 0.024, 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). MPT (2.48 ± 0.88 mm vs. 3.01 ± 1.04 mm, p = 0.005), APT (6.79 ± 1.65 mm vs. 8.47 ± 1.93 mm, p = 0.000) and SA (12.23 ± 5.62° vs. 16.42 ± 4.49°, p = 0.000) were significantly smaller in patients with Class III canine relationship. Moreover, SA showed a strong positive correlation with APT (R = 0.723, p = 0.000) and a moderate negative correlation with ABT (R = − 0.554, p = 0.000). Conclusions: In populations with Class III canine relationship, maxillary central incisors were significantly more labially inclined and have a thinner palatal bone plate at the apex compared with Class I relationship. Clinicians should avoid palatal perforation during immediate implantation at sites of originally protrusive maxillary incisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition are crucial in predicting and determining permanent tooth alignment and occlusion. The aim of our study was to determine the occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition of 5-year-old children in Greece through a national pathfinder survey. Methods: A stratified cluster sample of 1222 5-year-old children was selected according to the WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys. Five occlusal traits were registered clinically in centric occlusion, separately for the left and right sides: sagittal relationships of the second primary molars and primary canines, overjet, overbite, crossbite, and maxillary and mandibular spacing. Results: Most children showed a flush terminal plane of primary second molars (44.8%), a class I primary canine relationship (52.2%) and normal overjet (46.4%), but a high prevalence of Class II canine relationship (25.6%) and overjet (37.8%) were also observed. A normal overbite was found in 40% of the children and 40% had a deep overbite. Spacing was apparent in both maxilla (71.1% of children) and mandible (56.4%). The prevalence of open bite and distal step molar relationship significantly rose in children with non-nutritive sucking habits. Conclusions: Νon-nutritive habits were associated to altered occlusal features. No sex significant differences were found in either the sagittal relationships of second primary molars and primary canines, or overjet, overbite, crossbite and spacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There have been many studies and experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of dental treatment. Maxillary canine extraction is such a dental treatment which can be performed through either alveolar corticotomy (AC) or piezocision (PZ). The current study aims to compare the effectiveness of these two types of dental procedures. It is based on a randomized clinical trial (RCT) through the split-mouth technique supported by a parallel group design. The participants in the trial were selected on the basis of a medical criterion. The clinical trial involved extraction of both the first maxillary premolar teeth through use of orthodontic instruments. This study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of alveolar corticotomy and piezocision corticotomy in acceleration of maxillary canine retraction and how it can be used for expression of multiple bone remodeling gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). As part of this study, a RCT was performed on the basis of split-mouth technique at the Department of Orthodontics of Pontifical Catholic University at Minas Gerais in Brazil. The sample size for the clinical trial consisted of people who required extraction of maxillary premolar teeth after canine extraction. After digital intraoral scans, the cumulative distal movement of canines was measured on the basis of superimposition of digital model and the results were considered as the primary outcome of the study. The GCF bone remodeling samples were considered as the secondary outcomes. Results: 50 patients, involving 22 males and 28 females were analyzed in this particular clinical trial. The age range that was considered for this clinical trial was 19-33 years. In case of understanding the distal movement between control and AC, no statistical significance was observed in Group1 (G1). Lower cumulative cervical and incisal measurements in case of PZ was lower than the measurement in the control state. In all the groups, the expression of the biomarkers had occurred in specific timepoints (P < 0.05) but no distinct pattern was observed. Conclusions: In order to accelerate the maxillary canine retraction, PZ and AC were ineffective. No distinct induction pattern of biomarker expression was noted as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictions obtained from wildlife population models may be prone to influences associated with the quality of the data available for parameterization. We assessed accuracy of furtaker‐assigned sex of bobcats (Lynx rufus; n = 123) harvested during 2017–2018 across the western USA by comparing those data to genetically assigned sex, the latter of which we assumed was 100% accurate. We also compared the precision of individual age estimates obtained through cementum annuli analysis (CAA) of the canines and incisors of harvested bobcats (n = 151), where true age was unknown. Because cementum‐line deposition may vary across populations and by sex, we hypothesized that environmental factors may affect precision of age estimates obtained via CAA. Sex of bobcats as reported by furtakers was accurate 82% of the time, and the direction of sex‐assignment error was approximately equivalent. Canine teeth were more precise than incisors for estimating age, age estimates for male bobcats may be more precise than for females, and precision of age estimates may decrease with age. However, use of incisors corrected with known rates of error may be preferred in some instances, such as studies that require live capture and tooth extraction or where assignment to age class is sufficient. In addition, we found that sex, median age, and mean elevation may influence precision of age estimates, whereas mean precipitation and geographic location (latitude, longitude) were uninformative. Knowledge of different types of errors associated with sex identification and age estimation may be integrated into population modeling efforts based on management objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is an extremely rare benign odontogenic tumor, which is associated with an unerupted tooth in one‐third of the cases. Hyperplastic dental follicle (HDF) is an odontogenic hamartomatous lesion associated with delayed or tooth eruption failure in young patients. Dentigerous cyst (DC) is an epithelial‐lined developmental cyst surrounding the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth. Here, we present a case of 13‐year‐old boy with pericoronal radiolucency around impacted right maxillary canine tooth, which detected during routine dental examination on panoramic radiograph. The size of radiolucency was varied between 5 and 10 mm and was asymmetrical. Lesion was underwent biopsy with suspicion to a dentigerous cyst. On microscopic examination, the lesion was composed of a cellular fibrous connective tissue with odontogenic epithelium in the form of strands or nests throughout the lesion and calcifications in the form of basophilic cementum‐like material and dentinoid. Due to its nonspecific histological features, we encountered a diagnostic dilemma. In this case report, we discuss the clinical and radiologic features of COF, DC, and HDF. We preferred COF for this lesion. By combining surgical and orthodontic treatments, the impacted tooth was directed to its correct position in the maxilla. This case report highlights the importance of clinicopathological correlation in the diagnosis of pericoronal radiolucencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in sella turcica (ST) development may be associated with impaction of the permanent canine teeth. Calcification of the interclinoid ligament, which forms a bridge between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone, has been termed ST bridging. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an association exists between ST bridging and the presence of impacted maxillary canines (IMCs) in a Brazilian population. In this case-control study, 2 blinded and calibrated examiners measured the length (interclinoidal distance), depth, and diameter of the ST on cephalometric radiographs of 64 adults divided into a case group with IMCs (n = 32) and a control group without IMCs (n = 32). The degree of calcification was established as no (class I), partial (class II), or complete (class III) calcification. A t test was used to compare ST dimensions between the groups, and a chi-square test was used to analyze the association between the degree of calcification and the groups. The association between ST bridging and IMC was estimated by means of logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05). The study findings showed that ST length in the case group was shorter than that in the control group (P = 0.042; t test), and the length was shorter in men than in women (P = 0.038; t test). The ST bridging frequency was higher in the case group (P = 0.03; chi-square test), and there was no difference between men and women. The presence of ST bridging might be associated with increased odds of IMCs (P < 0.01; adjusted odds ratio = 5.92). In this patient sample, the occurrence of IMCs was positively associated with the presence and severity of ST bridging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the bilateral symmetry of carious lesions in the primary and permanent teeth of children. The clinical records of patients aged 3 to 14 years who had carious lesions were evaluated. Dental caries was assessed using the modified decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index, and the biofilm was assessed using the O'Leary plaque control record. The results were analyzed considering the presence or absence of caries and the stages of caries. The kappa coefficient between the left and right sides was calculated, and the chi-square test was applied (P < 0.05). The sample consisted of 206 children and 4802 teeth (2127 primary and 2675 permanent teeth). Fifty-one percent of the sample was female, and the mean age was 8.28 (SD 1.62) years. The mean number of dmft/DMFT was 4.45 (SD 3.61), and the mean O'Leary plaque index was 27.38%. The overall symmetry for the presence/absence of dental caries was 49.5% (n = 342), and the symmetry for the stage of caries was 43.5% (n = 301). The symmetry was similar in primary and permanent teeth for the presence/absence of caries (50.83% and 47.39%, respectively) and stages of caries (42.08% and 45.89%, respectively). Among the teeth that showed symmetry of carious lesions, there was an association between the hygiene condition and the presence of lesions in all maxillary and mandibular primary second molars and in the mandibular permanent right first molar (P < 0.05). A bilateral symmetric relationship of carious lesions was observed in the primary canines, primary first and second molars, permanent central and lateral incisors, first premolars, and permanent first molars in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The results suggest that the presence of a carious lesion on a tooth surface can predict vulnerability to caries on the contralateral tooth, allowing the dentist to pursue targeted preventive action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teeth are an integral part of facial aesthetics involved in complex social, cultural & psychological interaction. Of all, in latest, tooth color measurement has attracted attention in the field of dentistry for assessing age. Aims: To assess the correlation between the enamel color and chronological age and to evaluate the age of an individual from enamel color. Settings and Design: This was a cross sectional study that included a total of 200 individuals attending the outpatient Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology. Materials and Methods: The individuals were divided into five groups based on age with 40 in each group. Inclusion criteria comprised of healthy maxillary central, lateral incisor, canine, premolar and molar teeth that were free from cavities, fracture, endodontically treated teeth and those free from stain were selected. The tooth shade was recorded using Vitapan classical shade guide. Firstly, value of the color was assessed followed by hue and then chroma. Statistical Analysis Used: Numerical scrutiny was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Comparison and correlation of the definite variables between the groups was done by Pearson Chi-square test. Results: For central and lateral incisor common shade was B2 and for canine teeth all the groups had A3 shade and results obtained was statistically significant except for the premolars with B2 was the most common shade for groups I, II and IV, but the B1 (yellowish hue) shade was common in group 2 and C2 shade was common in group V with statistically significant results. For molars B2 was the most common shade for groups I - IV with C2 shade was common in group V with statistically significant results. Conclusions: Natural tooth color can be used as an effective means of age estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Third molars, also known as wisdom teeth, is the most distal (posterior) of the three molars found in each quadrant of the human dentition. Tooth impaction is a pathological condition in which a tooth is unable or unwilling to erupt into its normal functioning position. Dental treatment can help with this issue. Aim of study: The current study aims to describe the histology of wisdom teeth in the adult patients in Kirkuk city. Materials and methods: Fifty patients with impacted wisdom teeth in lower jaw, with age ranging from (17-25) years were taken from dental specialized centers and from private clinics in Kirkuk city during the period from September 2021 to March 2022. An informed permission was obtained from the Kirkuk health directorate to perform this study. All the patients with impaction and full dentition without missing teeth are included in age range, and above the age 25 years were excluded from this study. The patients with trauma, cysts and tumor are also excluded. After taking a panoramic tomograph for patients, evaluation of the impacted wisdom teeth begin for all the cases which were 50 cases, firstly determine the number of wisdom teeth impacted in the lower arch either in left or right. The 27 of patients (54 %) was female while the male was 23 patients (46%). In all 50 samples there were 22% of cases which is 11 patient have one wisdom tooth impacted. The 78% of cases which are 39 patients of the samples with two teeth impaction. This study targets the patients who are between the ages (17-25) with impacted lower wisdom teeth living in the Kirkuk city, Iraq. The mean age, when diagnosed, was 21.84 years old. In this study, clinical data were collected from the specialized dental center in kirkuk, which has a policy of using DPT for all new patients with impacted 3M. Anatomy of Dental Structure A layer of enamel of varying thickness covers the crown of the tooth. It is almost entirely composed of apatite crystals with a calcium phosphate filling. Calcium phosphate is also primarily responsible for dentine hardness. The enamel layer crystals are all elongated and arranged with their ends toward the enamel's surface. Enamel is replaced around the root of the tooth by cementum (the cement), another bonelike material that holds the tooth firmly in the jaw socket. However, there is a layer of tissue called the periodontal membrane that exists between the bone of the jaw and the cementum layer and is in contact with the tissues of the gums and the pulp cavity. Incisor and canine teeth have a single root, premolars have two roots, and molars have three roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achondroplasia is a bone growth disorder results due to failure in endochondral ossification, conversion of cartilages into mature bones. It is the most common metaphyseal dysplastic condition of long bones. The incidence of achondroplasia is 1:25000–30,000 of live births. Our patient was a diagnosed case of achondroplasia, characterized by short stature, disproportionately short arms and legs, and short fingers. Craniofacial features include prominent forehead (frontal bossing), short cranial base, short nose, depressed nasal bridge, short upper lip leading to increased incisal show along with gingival visibility and hyperactive mentalis. Intraoral examination revealed constricted maxillary arch, multiple missing teeth, increased overjet of 12 mm, nonspecific molar, and canine relation bilaterally. Therapeutic intervention included orthosurgical management, i.e., Stage I (presurgical orthodontics)-leveling and alignment followed by closure of extraction spaces; Stage II (surgical management)–le fort-1 osteotomy and maxillary superior repositioning of 6 mm followed by 5 mm bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with anticlockwise rotation of body of the mandible; and Stage III–settling of occlusion and fixed retention in maxillary and mandibular arch. Present case highlights the craniofacial manifestations of achondroplasia its effective management and the potential complications associated. Treating orthodontist should be aware of these features and their consequences in managing the patient to achieve a successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Dentinal Hypersensitivity is the most common dental problem, in order to find a suitable treatment plan this study was conducted incorporating LASER and desensitizing agents on the patients complaining of dentinal hypersensitivity in cuspids and bicuspids. Most of the desensitizing agents provided incomplete relief hence the combination of LASER and Desensitizing agents proved to be successful. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of individual desensitizing agents and c (LASER) and also to know their potential in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity when both desensitizing agents and LASER are combined together and applied on cuspids and bicuspids. Setting and Design: Sixty patients with sensitivity only in cuspids and bicuspids and not having caries, restoration, or undergoing any desensitizing therapy were selected. Patients were divided into 5 groups with 12 patients in each group. Materials and Methods: Air blast stimulus was given for 10 s from 1 cm distance on the affected group. Verbal analog score was recorded. Treatment was carried on according to the groups mentioned: Group I – nanohydroxyapatite was applied for 15 min; Group II – biosilicate was applied for 15 min; Group III – LASER application was done twice for 60 s in noncontact mode; Group IV – Nanohydroxyapatite plus LASER application; and Group V – biosilicate plus LASER application. Desensitizing agent was applied with the applicator tip and was left for 15 min. It was then rinsed and again the stimulus was given, and the score was recorded. The same treatment procedure was repeated on 1st, 7th, and 14th day and the score was recorded and analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The maximum reduction in sensitivity score was observed in patients where nanohydroxyapatite and LASER application was done. Conclusion: All the investigated treatments have promising desensitizing potential, but maximum was found in Group IV > Group V > Group III > Group I > Group II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This in vivo experimental study investigated the effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) on early osteogenesis around implants. Methods: In four healthy adult male Beagle dogs, the left mandibular received implants and SHED as the experimental group, and the right mandibular received implants and phosphate-buffered saline as the control group. The Beagle dogs were randomly divided into groups A and B, which were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis were used to investigate the effect of SHED-loading on the early osseointegration around the implants. Results: The total bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and interthread bone improved significantly. The analysis of the bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness showed that the bone trabecula around the implants in the SHEDs group was thicker and denser than that in the control group, suggesting a better osseointegration. Conclusions: The application of implants pre-adhered with SHEDs improved and accelerated early osseointegration around the implant, resulting in thicker and denser trabecular bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate three-dimensionally the factors associated with adjacent teeth root resorption of palatally impacted canines. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, one-hundred and fourteen cone beam computed tomography scans with palatally impacted maxillary canines were evaluated for the presence of adjacent root resorption. Seven parameters were analyzed: alignment of maxillary incisors, presence of deciduous canines, first premolars' roots configuration, impacted canines rotation, angulation of impacted canine to the midline, contact relationship, and area of contact with adjacent teeth. The association between dependent and independent qualitative and quantitative variables was analyzed using chi-square and independent student's t-test, respectively. The multivariate analysis was performed using regression analysis. The significant value was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The overall incidence of vertical, horizontal impaction and adjacent root resorption were 92, 8 and 77.2%, respectively. The apical third was the most involved area (57%); resorption of a single tooth was found in 21.9% of the total sample. The most common resorbed teeth were lateral first premolars (24.6%), followed by central lateral incisors (20.2%), and lateral incisors (15.8%) of the total sample. The severity of resorption was highest in grade I (31.5%) and lowest in grade III (7.6%). Three variables showed significant differences between resorption and non-resorption groups namely; canine rotation (P < 0.013), contact relationship (P < 0.001), and area of contact with adjacent teeth (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed an association between adjacent root resorption and permanent canine rotation, adjacent premolars' roots configuration, contact relationship, and area of contact (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Two-thirds of impacted maxillary canines showed a form of root resorption. The most commonly resorbed tooth was the lateral incisors while the least affected one was the central incisors with apical one-third being of the highest risk. The predisposing factors including the canine rotation, premolar with separated roots, contact relationship, and area of contact with adjacent teeth are to be considered for any interceptive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This case report describes the orthodontic and prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with resorption of the roots of the maxillary central incisors due to the ectopic maxillary canines. Clinical Considerations: A 16‐year‐old woman presented with severe resorption of the roots of the maxillary central incisors due to the ectopic maxillary canines. The impacted canines were orthodontically tracted with a lingual arch‐supporting temporary central incisors and vertical elastics, and, undesirable root proximity was later corrected by moving the canines distally 1.5 mm apart. Gingival replacement cords were placed into the gingival sulcus of the canines, and tooth preparation was performed along with rotary gingival curettage of the interdental papilla. Convex form was provided for the mesial and labio‐distal subgingival contour of the restorations. Conclusions: The creeping attachment of the interdental papilla was successfully achieved by the orthodontic arrangement of interdental distance and the prosthetic stimulus via the retraction cord, rotary curettage, and convex mesial subgingival contours. In addition, selective retraction of the labio‐distal gingiva by overcontoured restorations moved the gingival zenith position (GZP) distally. Finally, the canine crown morphology and gingival level mimicked the central incisors. Clinical Significance: This clinical report introduces a treatment workflow of to recover the esthetic disturbance due to severe root resorption of the maxillary central incisors associated with impacted maxillary canines. The present orthodontic and prosthetic procedure can improve both hard and soft tissue esthetics and could be used in similar cases, such as malformed teeth and tooth autotransplantation or transposition with disturbances in the interdental papilla height or the GZP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Growth assessment has become an important issue in many medical and dental fields. Determining the stages of dental development and skeletal maturation are essential methods in evaluation of growth phases. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between developmental stages of maxillary and mandibular canines and second molars by Nolla’s method and skeletal maturation stages by cervical vertebral maturation. In addition, diagnostic performances of dental developmental stages were evaluated to identify growth phases. Materials and Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 201 digital panoramic and lateral cephalometry of children referred to the Orthodontic Department of Babol Dental School (8 to 15 years) were examined. The stages of dental development were determined by Nolla’s method, and the stages of skeletal development were determined by cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMs). Positive likelihood ratio (LHR+) was used to determine the diagnostic performances to identify growth phases. The Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between the CVM stages and dental calcification stages. In this study, p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The relationship between dental development and skeletal maturation in different teeth was significant (p≤ 0.05). Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient between the stages of dental development and skeletal maturity in girls ranged from 0.578 - 0.634 and in boys ranged from 0.588 - 0.655. The right second molar in maxilla presented the highest correlation coefficient. The right and left second molars in maxilla and left second molar in mandible in stage 5 had the highest LHR+ to identify the pre-pubertal growth phase. Conclusion: Despite the high correlation coefficient between dental development and skeletal maturity, the LHR+ for determining growth stages in only a small number of teeth was more than 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim was to evaluate the degree of root development of permanent canines at the time of alveolar eruption. We also aimed to assess whether differences in the degree of root development at alveolar eruption exist between permanent canines and premolars and between maxilla and mandible. A cross-sectional study. Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. Two hundred dental panoramic radiographs taken as part of routine dental care. Radiographs were assessed for canine and premolar root development stage and eruption level with calibration and repeat measurements undertaken. Two hundred and sixty teeth were identified as being at the level of alveolar eruption. The majority of maxillary canines reached alveolar eruption when root formation was complete. Most premolars and mandibular canines reached alveolar eruption when roots were three-quarters developed. At alveolar eruption, canines were statistically more mature than premolars (p<0.001) and maxillary teeth were more mature than mandibular teeth (p<0.05). Root development appears to be particularly advanced for maxillary permanent canines, being essentially root-complete at alveolar eruption, while premolars and mandibular permanent canines appear to have three-quarters root development at this stage. This information may be used to inform whether and when to extract primary teeth for orthodontic reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the all-on-four concept, the positions of both posterior and anterior implants can affect stress distribution. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the position of anterior implants on stress distribution in the implant, the bone around the implant, and prosthetic components in the resorbed maxilla using the all-on-four concept. All-on-four designs were prepared with 3 different anterior implant positions in a fully edentulous maxilla. Anterior implants were placed axially in the central incisor area in model 1, in the lateral incisors area in model 2, and in the canine area in model 3, forming 3 groups. The von Mises and principal stresses in the bone tissue and the von Mises stresses in the implant and prosthetic components were evaluated by 3-dimensional finite element analysis. There were more stresses on the cortical bone than trabecular bone. The stresses on the bone tissue and implant components were generally concentrated around the posterior implant, whereas the stresses on the prosthetic components were generally concentrated in the anterior region. Changing the anterior implant positions from the central tooth to the canine tooth reduced the stress on the bone around the implant. The highest von Mises stresses occurred in the prosthetic superstructure in all models, whereas the lowest stresses occurred in the trabecular bone. Changing the position of the anterior implants from the central tooth to the canine area in the maxillary all-on-four concept created a favorable stress distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 8‐year‐old mixed breed male dog was presented with a mass on the rostral mandibular gingiva that quickly emerged 2–3 weeks prior to presentation. The mass was firm, smooth, well‐circumscribed, and approximately 2 × 1 × 0.5 cm in size rostral to the left mandibular canine tooth (304). Clinical examination and radiographs were unremarkable. Cytology revealed two distinct cell populations, consisting of numerous uniform‐appearing epithelial cell clusters and low numbers of individual spindle cells. Epithelial cells had mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, round nuclei with finely stippled chromatin, no prominent nucleoli, high N:C ratios, and low amounts of pale basophilic cytoplasm. Slender spindle cells observed had oval nuclei with no prominent nucleoli and wispy cytoplasm. On histopathologic examination, the lamina propria of the gingiva was dissected by numerous irregular and anastomosing trabeculae and islands of neoplastic epithelial cells. Neoplastic cells were focally in connection with the hyperplastic overlying epithelium. The trabeculae were surrounded and embedded by cell‐rich fibrous stroma. Peripheral to the islands and trabeculae, cells were arranged in palisades, and the nuclei had an antibasilar location. The epithelial cells had prominent intercellular bridges, low amounts of cytoplasm, and one round to oval nucleus. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were mild to moderate, and six mitoses/10 HPF were present. Tumor cells reached the deep sample margins. Histopathologic evaluation was consistent with acanthomatous ameloblastoma. This locally aggressive neoplasm causes alveolar bone lysis and often extends beyond alveolar bone margins. Acanthomatous ameloblastoma is an important differential for rostral mandibular gingival masses containing numerous uniform epithelial cell clusters with rare slender spindle cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recent/healed post-premolar extraction protocol, gender, age, and dental arch on incisor and canine alignment during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Methods: The study sample consisted of 50 dental arches of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. The arches were randomized into an equal number of recent and healed extraction groups. The orthodontic setup was instituted within 3-7 days and 5-6 weeks following first premolar teeth extractions in the recent and healed extraction groups, respectively. Orthodontic tooth alignment was carried out using 0.016-inch NiTi wires for 16 weeks. Study casts were made at baseline, 4, 8, 12-, and 16-week follow-up treatment. Little's Irregularity Index was used to assess orthodontic tooth alignment. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the alignment rates between groups, and multiple linear regression was used to predict the relationship of groups and sociodemographic factors to alignment rate. The statistical significance level was set at P < .05. Results: The mean daily incisor and canine alignment rates in the recent and healed extraction cases were 0.13 mm and 0.11 mm, respectively (P = .332), 0.12 mm in both males and females (P = .827), and 0.13 mm and 0.12 mm in the maxilla and mandible, respectively (P = .534). There was however a significant difference in the mean daily alignment rate between adolescents (0.15 mm) and adults (0.10 mm) (P = .019). Conclusion: The rate of incisor and canine alignment was not affected significantly by recent/healed post-extraction protocol, gender, and dental arch. However, the rate was significantly faster in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the case study of 13-year-old male domestic shorthair cat with nonpainful rostral mandibular swelling. Topics include physical examination revealed signs of periodontal disease, such as gingivitis and gingival recession, affecting the whole dentition; and patient was anesthetized and a detailed oral examination including periodontal probing and charting was performed.

In this study, we examined the gut contents and morpho-histology of the digestive tract of Neostethus lankesteri Regan, 1916 to examine habitat utilization. Thirty individuals of N. lankesteri were collected monthly from two sites: Pranburi River estuary (PRE) and Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center (SRMELC), during the Northeast and Southwest monsoon season. Based on gut contents analysis of N. lankesteri, the primary food items were categorized as follows: diatoms, dinoflagellates, other microalgae, and zooplankton. The index of relative importance, IRI, showed that diatoms were a major component followed by zooplankton at the PRE site, whereas zooplankton was a major component followed by diatoms at SRMELC during the two seasons. Moreover, N. lankesteri had a superior mouth with canine teeth. The pharyngeal tooth plates were numerous and canine shaped. The intestine coefficient of N. lankerteri was 0.55, which is consistent with omnivory. Histology of the digestive tract in N. lankesteri showed that they were stomachless, while the intestine consisted of three regions: anterior, middle, and posterior. Collectively, gut content and morpho-histological analyses from our studies indicated that N. lankesteria is an omnivore, feeding on multiple trophic levels depending on their availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the evidence on the relationship between dental and cervical vertebrae maturation. Materials and methods: Searches were performed (up to December 2021) in seven databases, as well as in gray literature. Studies that included growing subjects, which evaluated the correlation between the stages of tooth formation and the maturation of cervical vertebrae, were eligible. The methodological quality of the selected reports was assessed using the JBI checklist for cross-sectional studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were implemented to calculate the pooled correlation coefficients between the maturation stages of cervical vertebrae and each tooth type. The GRADE approach was followed to assess the certainty of evidence. Results: Seventy-seven studies were selected. Most of them had limitations related to sampling and reliability of the methods to evaluate maturation. The syntheses evidenced positive correlations between the maturation of cervical vertebrae and the formation/calcification stages of the following lower teeth: canine (n = 7318; r = 0.692; 95% CI: 0.656–0.724), first premolar (n = 6194; r = 0.689; 95% CI: 0.649–0.725), second premolar (n = 6194; r = 0.695; 95% CI: 0.659–0.729), and second molar (n = 7905; r = 0.698; 95% CI: 0.652–0.739). All estimates were affected by the risk of bias and the presence of unexplained statistical heterogeneity. Conclusions: The evidence points to an apparent positive correlation between dental and cervical vertebrae maturation. These results need to be carefully evaluated as the body of evidence is of very low quality. Clinical relevance: Dental maturation might be a potential indicator of skeletal craniofacial growth status. A routine dental x-ray could be sufficient, reducing radiation exposure by requesting additional radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study sought to describe the anatomical characteristics of the nasolacrimal duct of Persian cats as observed by computed tomographic dacryocystography. Animal studied: Ten cats weighing 3–6 kg (three live cats and seven cadaveric specimens). Procedures: The animals were submitted to bilateral computed tomographic dacryocystography, totaling 20 nasolacrimal ducts. Dorsal, sagittal, and transverse planes were studied. Two additional skulls were also dissected following latex injection into the nasolacrimal duct. The length and width of the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal canaliculi, and the distance between the nasolacrimal duct and the root of the upper canine tooth at the point of closest proximity were measured. Results: The nasolacrimal duct followed a convoluted course, particularly in the middle and rostral portions. Duct stenosis (width reduction equal to or >75%) and dilations (width increase equal to or >50%) were also detected, particularly in the rostral portion. Nasolacrimal duct length and width ranged from 1.3 to 1.5 cm and 1.5 to 2.3 mm, respectively. Mean lacrimal canaliculus length and width corresponded to 3.1 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. Mean distance from the nasolacrimal duct to the canine tooth was 2.4 mm. The root of this tooth interfered with the course of the nasolacrimal duct. Conclusion: This study provided anatomical information for clinical assessment of the nasolacrimal drainage system in Persian cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male armaments are hypothesized to have evolved under intrasexual selection. Such traits may function as signals, weapons, or both, in male–male mating competition. Primate sexually dimorphic canine teeth and body size are two potentially weaponized traits whose function as a signal and/or weapon remains unclear, largely due to the difficulty of collecting detailed measurements of morphology on large free-ranging mammals. Rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta , are an interesting study system in which to investigate how such traits function because they experience relatively low levels of direct male–male mating competition compared to other members of their subfamily. Furthermore, male dominance rank is largely based on a queuing system rather than on the outcome of intermale aggressive encounters. We leveraged a novel data set of behavioural observations and morphometric data from free-ranging rhesus macaques to investigate the function of sexually dimorphic canine teeth and body mass as weapons and/or signals. We tested whether canine height or body mass was correlated with dominance rank, whether similarity in any of these factors influenced the occurrence or outcome of agonistic interactions between male–male dyads and whether either of these traits predicted the likelihood of winning an agonistic interaction. Neither canine height nor body mass was related to dominance rank. Similarity in dominance rank, but not in morphology, predicted the occurrence of agonism between dyads. Agonistic encounters between males more similar in dominance rank were more likely to be characterized by aggression rather than submission. Dominance rank, but not canine height or body mass, predicted the likelihood of winning an agonistic interaction. Our results suggest that canine height and body mass do not confer a strong competitive advantage in male rhesus macaques and add to a growing body of evidence indicating that weaponized traits do not always seem to function either in fights or as signals in male–male combat. • Male armaments are hypothesized to have evolved under intrasexual selection. • Armaments may function as signals, weapons, or both, in male–male contests. • Male primate canine teeth and body mass are traits that may influence contest outcomes. • We tested whether these traits conferred an advantage in male–male combat. • We found no evidence that these traits conferred a competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The study was conducted to assess the changes in bone density before and after performing accelerated orthodontic maxillary canine retraction by microosteoperforations (MOPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients (120 cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT] images) within the age group of 15 to 25 years undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction were enrolled in this study. The right and left sides of the maxillary jaw in the same patients were selected as experimental and control sites. To accelerate the tooth movement, MOPs were performed distal to the canine root in the extraction space under local anesthesia with a miniscrew. Thereafter, the maxillary canine retraction was initiated using a NiTi closed coil spring. The CBCT images were taken and evaluated at the following time intervals: 1 week before MOPs(T0);1 week after MOPs(T1);3 weeks after MOPs(T2). RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction in bone density was observed at the center of resistance of canine on the experimental site (after MOPs) at 1 week and 3 weeks (T0-T1 = 0.000,0.115; T1-T2 = 0.0025,0.0117), whereas a statistically non-significant difference was found 1 week before and 3 weeks later in the control group. CONCLUSION: Accelerated orthodontics by MOPscan result in a substantial reduction in bone density during canine retraction, leading to an increase in the tooth movement rate, hence lowering the overall orthodontic treatment time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of various cephalometric skeletal patterns in the vertical and anteroposterior planes with intercanine width in untreated orthodontic patients. METHOD AND MATERIAL: This study included dental cast and cephalometric radiographs of 100 patients (69 females and 31 males) of the age range 13 to 33 years. Skeletal parameters including SNA, SNB, SNMP angles were found from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Intercanine widths including upper intercanine widths (UICW) and lower intercanine widths (LICW) were measured by a digital caliper. RESULTS: The correlation of intercanine width with SNA, SNB, and SNMP angles was analyzed by applying Pearson correlation coefficient. According to statistical analysis, the only insignificant correlation was analyzed between UICW with SNB and LICW with SN-MP. CONCLUSIONS: The overall result showed statistically significant relationship of various cephalometric skeletal patterns in the sagittal and vertical planes with intercanine width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Impacted canine (IC) is a dental anomaly that varies in its frequency according to the population of interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and distribution pattern of maxillary ICs (MxIC) and mandibular ICs (MnIC) in the population of Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study of all patients attended Taibah University Dental Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria were individuals aged 15 years and older and no history of orthodontic treatment or craniofacial syndromes. Patients with incomplete dental records or missing/distorted Orthopantomograph (OPG) were excluded. All OPGs were taken using standardized equipment. Data were explored for frequency and pattern of canine impaction both in the maxilla and the mandible and statistically tested to detect significant differences. RESULTS: A total of 7466 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria with mean age of 37.43 ± 14.5 years. Of the total sample, 173 individuals had at least one IC. MxIC alone occurred in 86.71% of the cases, while MnIC occurred in 8.67%. The remaining 4.62% had at least one IC in each jaw. Unilateral IC occurred in 89.2% of the cases with left-side predominance in the maxilla. CONCLUSION: In this sample, the frequency of MxIC was 2.1% and MnIC was 0.3%. Almost equal distribution of IC occurred between females and males (IC Odds ratio F:M 1:1.08). Further studies are required to investigate the potential association of IC incidence with other predictor variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pre‐eruptive intracoronal radiolucency (PEIR) poses a challenge to paediatric dentists as it cannot be clinically detected. Aim: To estimate the prevalence and coexisting factors of PEIR in permanent teeth of children and adolescents in western Tamil Nadu, India. Design: This cross‐sectional study assessed 5012 digital panoramic radiographs of children and adolescents below 14 years of age obtained from private digital imaging centers, dental clinics, and dental colleges located in five districts of western Tamil Nadu. The prevalence and PEIR and its coexisting factors were assessed by two independent calibrated investigators. Data were analyzed using the chi‐square test. Results: The subject prevalence and tooth prevalence of PEIR were estimated to be 3.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Maxillary canines and mandibular premolars were commonly involved. Majority of the lesions were limited to less than one‐third of dentin thickness (74%) and distal aspect of the crown (45.1%). Ectopic positioning (9.3%) and dental caries in the preceding primary tooth (9.9%) were the most common coexisting factors. Conclusion: Pre‐Eruptive Intracoronal Radiolucency defects were commonly seen in maxillary canines, mandibular premolars, and distal aspect of the crown involving less than one‐third dentin thickness. Ectopic positioning and caries in primary teeth were commonly seen along with the PEIR defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different instruments on the cement loss and roughness of the root surface following scaling and root planning (SRP) using micro‐computerized tomography (micro‐CT). Methods: In this experimental study, 60 single‐rooted extracted human teeth were used and divided into three groups. All teeth were scanned with micro‐CT before and after SRP. Group 1: SRP was performed by Gracey‐curette, Group 2: SRP was performed by using an ultrasonic device and Group 3: SRP was performed by using a piezo ultrasonic device. Cement loss and porosity of the root surface were analysed by micro‐computerized tomography, which is a current imaging technique that provides high‐quality images and allows for qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples. Results: Results of our study revealed that initial porosity values were 1.60%, 1.25%, 1.59% for the group 1, 2, 3, and 0.93%, 0.86 and 0.80 after SRP respectively. Although Group 3 had the least surface roughness, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Cement loss following SRP was 47.15 μmin the piezo ultrasonic device group, 59.44 µm in the ultrasonic device, and 134.163 µm in the Gracey‐curette group respectively. The highest cement loss was seen in the Gracey‐curette group, and there was a significant difference between the three groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, it was observed that surface roughness decreased and similar surface roughness was obtained with all three methods, but more cementum loss was observed with Gracey‐curette. Therefore, ultrasonic devices appear to be a viable alternative to manual instrumentation with curettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. A change in the location of two permanent teeth within the same quadrant of the dental arch is known as tooth transposition. This article illustrates the nonextraction treatment of a bilaterally complete transposition between maxillary canines and first premolars, using fixed mechanics. Material and Method. Upper and lower preadjusted, edgewise, fixed appliances with MBT prescription ( 0.022 ″ × 0.028 ″ slot size brackets) were used for the treatment. After providing room for the canine teeth, the piggyback technique was used to bring the right canine to the arch in the position of the first premolar. In the final phase of treatment, both the upper and lower arches had 0.019 × 0.025 stainless steel wire with Class II elastic 4 oz on the right and left sides. Result. It showed that the maxillary first premolars and canines were favorably aligned into transposed position. The upper right and left premolars occluded with the lower canines in Class I relationship and good intercuspation as well as skeletal and molar Class I relationships were maintained with a pleasant facial profile. Conclusion. The early diagnosis plays a significant role as much as considering esthetics and function factors in deciding which treatment strategy should be followed. The key to a successful and stable result is substantial treatment planning and careful orthodontic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Becker’s nevus syndrome (BNS) is a rare epidermal nevus syndrome characterized by Becker’s nevi and other, often unobtrusive, systemic symptoms and/or skin lesions, often ipsilateral. A Becker’s nevus (BN) is a hamartoma that is unilateral, hyperpigmented, and often hairy. Systemic symptoms typically involve breast gland hypoplasia and skeletal and muscular disorders. Herein, we describe three rare cases of Becker’s nevus syndrome. In the first case, the BN coexisted with ipsilateral breast gland hypoplasia; in the second case, the BN coexisted on both sides with breast gland hypoplasia and keratosis pilaris only in the left antecubital region and with scoliosis; in the third case, we found two Becker’s nevi in the left and right hip area associated with hypoplasia of the third canine tooth on the right side and with scoliosis. Our three cases were sporadic and all occurred in males. Coexisting symptoms of BN were found accidentally. We describe two new coexisting symptoms: atypical keratosis pilaris and hypoplasia of the canine teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the angulation and localization of unilaterally impacted canines by using CBCT. Methodology: Seventy-two images were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. Demographic information (age and gender), localization and angulation of the impacted canine teeth were recorded. Canine angulation was measured between the two lines drawn on the coronal section of CBCT, with the first line drawn from the crista galli to the anterior nasal spine and the second line drawn along the long axes of the impacted canine teeth. Results: The mean age was 35.42±12.29 years in men and 31.10±11.09 years in women. In women, 16 of the impacted canines were on the right and 23 were on the left side, while in men, 21 of them were on the right and 12 were on the left side. Mean angulation was 34.6° (range, 17.6°-64.4°) for women and 36.2° (range, 21.4°-56.3°) for men. A weak negative correlation was found between patient age and angulation (p=0.49, rho = - 0.233). Conclusion: Angulation of maxillary impacted canines is an important predictive factor in orthodontic treatment. In the present study, no significant difference was found between angulation and canine localization and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Microleakage has always been a problem in restorative dentistry. To decrease microleakage, different restorative techniques and materials have been recommended. The purpose of this study was to evaluate micro leakage of the composite restoration in deciduous anterior teeth using the open sandwich technique by two different liners. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional experimental study was conducted at Khorasgan University in 2019. A total of sixty intact deciduous canine teeth were divided into 3 groups of 20. At the buccal surface of the specimens, the Class V cavity was extracted at 1 mm below the CEJ (Cementoenamel junction) and in groups 1 and 2, ionoseal liner and Fuji II ionomer glass were placed at the buccal floor. Cavities were restored with Z250 composite resin. In group 3 which served as the control, restorations was perfromed without liners. All samples are prepared for establishment after dying in methylene blue 0.5% solution. The buccal lingual incisions with a thickness of 1 mm were inspected under stereo microscope for micro leakage. A total of 5 samples were extracted from each group via random sampling to examine the marginal compliance under SEM (Scanning electron microscope). The intergroup comparisons were made using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Besides, intra-group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. All statistical procedures were performed at a significance level of less than 0.05 (p value < 0.05) using Gpower software. Results: The outcome of this study showed that microleakage of gingival margin in open sandwich techniques with ionoseal and Fuji II (group 1, 2) was significantly higher than in control group (p value = 0.033).but in comparison between group 1,2 there was no significant difference (p value = 0.795). In SEM evaluation there was no significant difference in gingival microleakage (p value = 0.232). Conclusion: Use of two liners: Ionoseal and Fuji II in Class V cavities restored by opensandwich technique in deciduce anterior teeth can reduce gingival microleakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the distance from the buccal cortical bone surface to the root apex in the anterior mandibular teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to correlate it to various associated factors (tooth type, gender, and age). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of mandibular anterior teeth from 120 patient records with a sample size of 360 teeth were analyzed. The distance from the buccal bone surface to root apex and 3 mm above the root apex in the sagittal view was reconstructed using the Romexis software version 3.2.1. Results: Distances from the buccal cortical bone surface to the apices of the root and 3 mm from the apex of the root were greater at the mandibular canine region than the central and lateral incisor (P < 0.001). The buccal bone was significantly thicker corresponding to the apices of the teeth compared to the region 3 mm from the apex (P < 0.001) The mean distance value from the cortical buccal bone surface to the lateral incisor apex (4.03 mm) was significant more among females (P = 0.006). Furthermore, the measured distance at the root apex and 3 mm above the of the root apex of the mandibular anterior roots were significantly more in patients below the age of 40 years (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The distance from the buccal bone's surface to the apex and 3 mm from the apex in the mandibular anterior region is significantly affected by the tooth type and patients' age. CBCT is a reliable tool for presurgical evaluation for both these parameters during endodontic surgeries and implant placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The structural characteristics of unilaterally impacted maxillary canines and adjacent teeth were compared to the nonimpacted side. Three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to analyze and evaluate the various parameters. The aim of this study was a quantitative comparison of teeth adjacent to buccally and palatally impacted maxillary canines. Methods: CBCT records of 40 patients with unilateral impacted maxillary canine were allocated to this study. The morphological characteristics of teeth on the impaction and non-impaction sides of the same patient were examined. 3D reconstructed CBCT images were assessed using the OnDemand 3D program. Results: The dependent samples t test was used for data analysis with a level of statistical significance of 0.05. There was a significant increase in the size of the maxillary canine crown and a decrease in the maxillary lateral incisor root dimensions on the impacted side. No significant difference was observed in the morphology of the maxillary first premolar on either side. Conclusion: The impacted canine showed greater size compared to the eruption side. The decrease in root dimensions of the lateral incisor on the impacted side may indicate the possibility of root resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In the mixed dentition period, malocclusion is in dormant stage, any interception should be preceded by a mixed dentition space analysis.Aims: To derive new regression equation in sample subjects (indigenous group) with no intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (Bolton's ratio) residing in Davangere and to evaluate its accuracy. To assess the difference of tooth dimensions between males and females and difference between right and left of dental arches.Setting: and: Design: Descriptive study.Subjects: and Methods: One hundred and fifty children (11-15 years) were included and dental casts were made. A digital Vernier caliper was used for the measurement of teeth. Bolton's ratio was calculated. Group A: Casts without Bolton's discrepancy and Group B: Casts with Bolton's discrepancy.Statistical: Analysis: Used: The data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 22.0. New regression equations were derived using correlation and regression analysis.Results: No statistically significant difference was recorded between the actual and predicted mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of permanent canine and premolars in maxilla and mandible, with/without Bolton's discrepancy. Males had statistically significant higher mean in maxillary and mandibular canine dimensions than female and no statistically significant difference between right and left side of dental arches was found.Conclusion: New regression equation was formulated for Davangere population, in which actual and predicted widths of permanent canines and premolars were found to be almost similar when established from sample with/without Bolton's discrepancy. In MDWs, the canine showed significant sexual dimorphism and no clinically significant variations were seen in the right and left sides of both the arches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Premature loss of deciduous teeth can lead to loss of space and have a negative effect on occlusion. The use of space maintainers can reduce the severity of problems such as crowding. However, the literature is controversial regarding the effects of early loss of primary first molars The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the need for unilateral space maintainer for the first deciduous molars in late mixed dentition. In this cross-sectional study, fifty children between 6 to 8 years who had lost a primary first molar unilaterally later than 6 months ago were randomly selected. Midline deviation, molar and canine relationships at both sides, facial growth pattern, and the amount of space loss were all assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 via one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and linear regression (alpha = 0.05). Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 47 children aged 8 to 10 years with early unilaterally loss of first primary molar in the past 6 months were randomly selected. First, the type of occlusion based on the angle molar relationship and the growth pattern of face based on the Hall and Farkas and midline were assessed. Anterior crowding was measured. SPSS 25 program and Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression were used to analyze the data. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results. The results showed that the amount of space loss is 0.56 mm (maxilla = 0.54 and mandible = 0.58), which is not clinically significant, and there is no need for space maintainer. Increasing age (p = 0.021) and increasing the percentage ratio of facial pattern (p = 0.009) significantly reduced the space loss and increased the duration of tooth loss (p = 0.002), and molar relationship in the control side (p = 0.05) and increasing the canine to lateral distance (p = 0.016) significantly increased the space loss. Other factors such as crowding, midline deviation, and canine relationship on the control side did not have significant effects on space loss. Conclusion. Space loss due to extraction of the first primary molars in late mixed dentition was neither statistically nor clinically significant. However, in cases of severe crowding, the vertical growth pattern of the face, and molar relationship, further studies are needed, and follow-up of patients is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this trial was to evaluate the dental changes, periodontal health, and tooth vitality in mini-screw-supported en-masse retraction with two corticotomy-based acceleration techniques. Study Design. The sample included 38 adult patients presenting with class II division 1 malocclusion (three males, 35 females; age range between 18 and 30 years), needing the extraction of upper first premolars followed by en-masse retraction. The sample was divided randomly and equally into two groups. Randomization was carried out by random numbers generated by the computer with a 1 : 1 allocation ratio. The allocation concealment was carried out by sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. The interventions were traditional corticotomy (TC) versus flapless corticotomy (FC). Mini-screws were inserted between the upper second premolar and first molar, bilaterally. The primary outcome was evaluating dental changes. Secondary outcomes were the periodontal health and pulp vitality of the maxillary teeth. Mann-Whitney U test and two-sample t-test with Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the data.Results: The en-masse retraction rate in the first three months was higher in the TC group than the FC group (1.82, 1.66, and 1.39 mm/month vs 1.60, 1.42, and 1.22 mm/month, respectively) with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P=0.001, respectively). The en-masse retraction amount was greater in the TC group than the FC group (6.84 mm vs 6.18 mm, respectively) with statistically significant differences (P=0.002). There was an increase in the inter-canine and inter-molar widths with a minor distal movement of the upper first molar in the two groups, with no significant differences between them (P > 0.008). The values of gingival, papillary bleeding and plaque indices in the TC group were significantly greater than those in the FC group after performing the corticotomy (P < 0.001, P < 0.003, P=0.002, respectively). No gingival recession was found on any of the examined teeth in both groups. All teeth maintained their vitality at all measurement times in both groups. No severe harms were noticed in any group.Conclusions: Both traditional and flapless corticotomy techniques resulted in clinically similar rates of the en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth, with similar dental changes and no significant periodontal complications or tooth vitality loss. The minimally invasive flapless corticotomy appeared to be a good alternative to the more invasive traditional corticotomy. This trial is registered with https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identification code: NCT04847492), retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]