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Summary: This narrative review summarises ongoing challenges and progress in the care and prevention of fragility fractures across the Asia Pacific region since mid-2019. The approaches taken could inform development of national bone health improvement Road Maps to be implemented at scale during the United Nations 'Decade of Healthy Ageing'. Purpose: This narrative review summarises recent studies that characterise the burden of fragility fractures, current care gaps and quality improvement initiatives intended to improve the care and prevention of fragility fractures across the Asia Pacific region. Methods: The review focuses on published studies, reports and quality improvement initiatives undertaken during the period July 2019 to May 2022. Results: Epidemiological studies conducted in countries and regions throughout Asia Pacific highlight the current and projected increasing burden of fragility fractures. Recent studies and reports document a persistent and pervasive post-fracture care gap among people who have sustained fragility fractures. Global initiatives developed by the Fragility Fracture Network and International Osteoporosis Foundation have gained significant momentum in the Asia Pacific region, despite the disruption caused by the COVID-pandemic. The Asia Pacific Fragility Fracture Alliance has developed educational resources including a Hip Fracture Registry Toolbox and a Primary Care Physician Education Toolkit. The Asia Pacific Osteoporosis and Fragility Fractures Society—a new section of the Asia Pacific Orthopaedic Association—is working to engage orthopaedic surgeons across the region in the care and prevention of fragility fractures. The Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis developed a framework to support national clinical guidelines development groups. Considerable activity at the national level is evident in many countries across the region. Conclusion: Development and implementation of national Road Maps informed by the findings of this review are urgently required to respond to the epidemiological emergency posed by fragility fractures during the United Nations 'Decade of Healthy Ageing'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sliding friction of the cylindrical roller bearing makes the internal resistance of the bearing large. Thus, this paper proposes to replace the cage with rolling isolators being placed between the cylindrical rollers, making the rub of all the elements be rolling friction. Therefore, the driving torque of the bearing is greatly reduced. First, the structure and working principle of this kind of bearing are described, the geometric parameter relationship of the roller and the isolator is analyzed, the feasible range of the parameters of the isolator is deduced based on the NFL203V type cageless bearing is proposed. Then, the ADAMS software is used for motion simulation of this novel cylindrical roller bearing. The best design plan is obtained through a comparison of the different schemes. Finally, experiments of bearing temperature are conducted, which shows the working temperature of the isolator cylindrical roller bearing is lower than that of the traditional roller bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), an important annual or biennial root vegetable crop, is widely cultivated in the world for its high nutritive value. Isolated microspore culture (IMC) is one of the most effective methods for rapid development of homozygous lines. Due to imperfection of the IMC technology system, it is particularly important to establish an efficient IMC system in radish. In this study, the effects of different factors on radish microspore embryogenesis were investigated with 23 genotypes. Buds with the largest population of late-uninucleate-stage microspores were most suitable for embryogenesis, with a ratio of petal length to anther length (P/A) in buds of about 3/4 ~ 1. Cold pretreatment was found to be genotype specific, and the highest microspore-derived embryoid (MDE) yield occurred for treatment of the heat shock of 48 h. In addition, the supplement of 0.75 g/L activated charcoal (AC) could increase the yield of embryoids. It was found that genotypes, bud size, as well as temperature treatments had significant effects on microspore embryogenesis. Furthermore, somatic embryogenesis–related kinase (SERK) genes were profiled by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, which indicated that they are involved in the process of MDE formation and plantlet regeneration. The ploidy of microspore-derived plants was identified by chromosome counting and flow cytometry, and the microspore-derived plants were further proved as homozygous plants through expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) and genetic-SSR markers. The results would facilitate generating the large-scale double haploid (DH) from various genotypes, and promoting further highly efficient genetic improvement in radish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of untreated colored wastewater poses a severe threat to global health. This work reports a simple yet highly efficient way to modify Zhundong coal (MZD) with hydroxyl functional groups for malachite green (MG) removal. The modification significantly improved the adsorption capacity of MG from 63.0 mg/g to 538.7 mg/g. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta-potential analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N 2 absorption characterization, the improvement in adsorption capacity was mainly attributed to the enhancement of hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of coal. The adsorption of MG on MZD depended on pH, and the highest removal efficiency reached 99.7% at pH 10 with an initial MG concentration of 500 mg/L. The adsorption process was mainly controlled by chemisorption, and it was endothermic and spontaneous according to thermodynamic analysis. The adsorption data could be well reproduced by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model. The MZD shows good regeneration performance with only a 16.9% reduction of initial adsorption capacity after five circles. Hydrophobic interactions, π-π interactions, and pore-filling contributed to adsorption, whereas electrostatic interactions played a dominant role in the MG removal by MZD. This work provides a new sight to prepare useful and cheap adsorbents from coal to remove contaminants from printing and dyeing wastewater. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages contributes greatly to IgA nephropathy (IgAN) progression. This study intended to investigate the underlying mechanism of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the development of IgAN. We examined the expression levels of colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and J774A.1 cells and detected inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum of IgAN patients and cell supernatants of in vitro IgAN model. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiments were conducted to evaluate the interaction between CRNDE and NLRP3. Then, the ubiquitin level of NLRP3 and its binding ability to TRIM family member 31 (TRIM31) were determined. Compared with the control group, the expressions of CRNDE and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in PBMCs and J774A.1 cells and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 in serum of IgAN patients and cell supernatants of IgA-IC-induced J774A.1 cells were all increased. CRNDE silencing down-regulated NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 in cell supernatants, while NLRP3 overexpression reversed these effects. Additionally, CRNDE could interact with NLRP3 and promote NLRP3 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of CRNDE reduced NLRP3 protein level and promoted TRIM31-mediated NLRP3 ubiquitination and degradation. CRNDE exacerbates IgA nephropathy progression through restraining ubiquitination and degradation of NLRP3 and facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]