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Obesity has become a public health concern due to its positive association with the incidence of many diseases, and coffee components including chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine have been demonstrated to play roles in the suppression of fat accumulation. To investigate the mechanism by which CGA and caffeine regulate lipid metabolism, in the present study, forty mice were randomly assigned to four groups and fed diets containing no CGA or caffeine, CGA, caffeine, or CGA+caffeine for 24 weeks. Body weight, intraperitoneal adipose tissue (IPAT) weight, and serum biochemical parameters were measured, and the activities and mRNA and protein expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes were analysed. There was a decrease in the body weight and IPAT weight of mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet. There was a significant decrease in the serum and hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol, TAG and leptin of mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet. The activities of carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) were increased in mice fed the caffeine and CGA+caffeine diets, while the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was suppressed in those fed the CGA+caffeine diet. The mRNA expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), CAT and ACO were considerably up-regulated in mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet, while those of PPARγ2 were down-regulated. The protein expression levels of AMPK were increased and those of FAS were decreased in mice fed the CGA+caffeine diet. These results indicate that CGA+caffeine suppresses fat accumulation and body weight gain by regulating the activities and mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes and that these effects are stronger than those exerted by CGA and caffeine individually. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) and Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae (RSC) are two herbal materials that belong to the same genera and are both listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Chemical constituents in the two species were compared by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Many common constituents were found in both species, including shikimic acid, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, trans-resveratrol, taxifolin, astilbin and its three stereoisomers, engeletin and isoengeletin. However, syringic acid was found only in RSG, while chlorogenic acid was found only in RSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non-linear dynamic model for gear transmission system is proposed, with lumped mass method and Newton' s law, considering surface friction, gear mesh stiffness, transmission error and mass eccentricity. Gear tooth crack is simulated by time-varying mesh stiffness, thus the non-linear dynamic model becomes a fault model. The dynamic distribution of load in the mesh area is taken into consideration in calculating the friction force. Transmission error of the model is determined by checking standard and tolerance of pair gear. The numerical solution of the fault model matches the rule of fault character, so the presented fault model offers theoretical basis for extracting the fault characteristic frequency and the frequency spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on system theory, a coupling coordinated development model of ecological-economic system in Loess Plateau was established, and the evaluation criteria and basic types of the co-ordinated development of the ecological-economic system were proposed. The county-level coupling coordinated development of the ecological-economic system was also discussed, based on the local characteristics. The interactions between the ecological and economic systems in Loess Plateau could be divided into four stages, i. e. , seriously disordered development stage, mild-disordered development stage, low-level coordinated development stage, and high level well-coordinated development stage. At each stage, there existed a cyclic process of profit and loss-antagonist-running-dominant-synchronous development. The coupling development degree of the ecological-economic system in Loess Plateau was overall at a lower level, being about 62. 7% of the counties at serious disorder, 30. 1% of the counties at mild disorder, and 7. 1% of the counties at low but coordinated level. The coupling development degree based on the model established in this study could better reflect the current social-economic and ecological environment situations, especially the status of coordination. To fully understand the coupling of ecological-economic system and to adopt appropriate development mode would be of significance to promote the county-level coordinated development in Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction - Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) is a Chinese herbal medicine used for detoxication and as a diuretic. However, in some regions of China, RSG is used confusedly with some other herbs. Objective - To develop a capillary electrophoresis (CE)-DAD fingerprint method for quality evaluation, species differentiation and product identification of RSG. Methodology - The CE separation conditions and extraction procedure were optimised. Eighteen batches of RSG samples were analysed and the standard fingerprint used for authentication was simulated by the average of all tested samples. Results - The optimal CE separation conditions were developed with running buffer of 20 m m borax containing 3 m m β-cyclodextrin at pH 9.4, voltage of 25 kV and temperature of 25°C. The separation could be completed within 8 min. Nine peaks were found in the electropherogram of RSG and five peaks were identified as astilbin, taxifolin, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, shikimic acid and trans-resveratrol, respectively. Methanol and sonication were recommended for the sample preparation. All RSG samples showed similar chromatographic profile and six 'held in common' peaks were found. By the standard fingerprint, RSG could be well distinguished from its two confusable species, Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae and Rhizoma Heterosmilacis. Conclusion - A CE-DAD fingerprint analysis method was developed for the quality control of RSG. The standard fingerprint could represent the chemical profile of RSG and be used for its authentication. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astilbin is a dihydroflavanol found in many plants and processed foods. Astilbin possesses multiple health-beneficial bioactivities and has received great attention. Hence, the natural source, physicochemical properties, biological activities and metabolism of astilbin are summarized in the present article. Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. and Smilax glabra Roxb. are the main resource for astilbin purification because of high content. Because of chemical instability, astilbin amount in foods is dependent on the processing and storage conditions. The degradation of astilbin includes isomerization and decomposition. The interconversion of astilbin and its isomers occurs through a chalcone intermediates, which significantly affects the taste of wine during storage. Many factors such as temperature, pH, metal ions and food additives could affect the chemical stability of astilbin. Astilbin exhibits very novel selective immunosuppressive activity, which is not found in other compounds. The rhamnose moiety of astilbin is essential for this bioactivity. After digestion, astilbin was mainly absorbed and transported in circulatory blood in its intact form, and only one metabolite, 3'-O-methylastilbin, was found. Although having many bioactivities, astilbin faces the challenge of poor bioavailability. Some promising strategies were developed for improving its bioavailability, particularly through fabrication the zein nanoparticles.

Lipase is a very important digestive enzyme for triglyceride absorption in vivo. The inhibitory activities of 26 dietary flavonoids, including flavone, flavanone, isoflavone and flavanol, on lipase were determined. Flavone exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than other types of flavonoids. Among them, luteolin exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 99 ± 11 μM, followed by quercetin and baicalein. The binding affinity of these flavonoids with lipase was investigated by fluorescence titration method. The binding affinity of flavones was stronger than flavanones, and was linearly positively correlated with their inhibitory activity. The binding of flavones on lipase caused the blue-shift of fluorescence, while flavanones caused red-shift. The analysis of structure-activity relationship of flavonoids on lipase revealed that the structure of C ring is very crucial. The hydrogenation of C2=C3 bond and the absence of C=O group in C ring both caused significant decrease of inhibitory activity. Besides, the hydroxylation on ring A and B of flavones increased the activity, while glycosylation weakened the activity. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that C2=C3 bond in C ring of flavones increases the π-conjugation and contributes to maintaining the planarity of flavonoid structure, which favour its Pi-Pi interaction with lipase., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Objectives: To explore the micro-plastic operative treatment of deviated nose combined with nasal septum deviation., Methods: We designed the incision at the caudal side of the nasal septum. The three-line reduction method for correcting nasal septum deviation was performed. The connection of the caudal nasal septum and the anterior nasal spine was reposited. The micro-plastic surgery with fixed suture was used to correct the deviated nose., Results: After the surgery, the nasal septum deviation was corrected, whose nasal function and symptoms improved without nasal adhesion, nasal septum perforation or other complications. Meanwhile, the nasal tips were in the middle place and nasal dorsums were straight. The aesthetic outcome was satisfactory., Conclusions: Compared to the traditional orthopedic technique, the micro-shaping technique can be used for the homochromous operation of crooked nose combined with nasal septum deviation with less injury and lower risk. We suggest this micro-shaping technique be used in a rational way., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To observe the curative effect of musculoskeletal ultrasound-guided needle-knife on the degenerative meniscus disease, and to provide a new method in the treatment of degenerative meniscus disease., Methods: Seventy-seven patients with degenerative meniscus disease treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to September 2015 were selected, including 30 males and 47 females, aged from 44 to 66 years old, with an average of 57.5 years old. VAS scores, Lysholm scores and distance of meniscal protrusion were analyzed and compared before treatment, 2 weeks and 1 month after treatment. The curative effect was summarized at last., Results: The mean Lysholm scores were 51.63±15.26(before treatment), 77.13±11.82(2 weeks after treatment) and 87.56±8.65(1 month after treatment). The mean VAS scores were 7.080±1.574 (before treatment), 2.630±0.310(2 weeks after treatment) and 0.850±0.177(1 month after treatment). The mean of the distance of meniscal protrusion scores were 0.400±0.156 (before treatment), 0.298±0.140 (2 weeks after treatment) and 0.240±0.110 (1 month after treatment). VAS scores and Lysholm scores were improved significantly compared with preoperative results. The distance of meniscal protrusion showed an obvious improvement after treatment., Conclusions: The treatment of musculoskeletal ultrasound-guided needle-knife has advantages of high accuracy position and excellent effectiveness for degenerative meniscus disease. The treatment provides safety operation and significantly improves quality of life in patients without any complications., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Chlorogenic acid and its derivatives (CADs) are valuable bioactive plant secondary metabolites with many health benefits. In the present study, Stevia rebaudiana hairy root cultures were established, and the culture conditions for the production of CADs were optimized. The hairy roots were induced by coculture of S. rebaudiana leaves and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (C58C1) after infection, which were further verified by PCR detection of rolB and rolC genes. HPLC-MS and HPLC analysis showed that chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-CQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-CQA), and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-CQA) were the major CADs in the hairy roots. Eight single roots with rapid growth rate were selected. Among them, T3 had the highest yield of CADs. B5 medium supplemented with 40 g/L sucrose was more suitable for the production of CADs than others. Under optimal culture conditions, the total content of these three compounds reached 105.58 mg/g and total yield was 234.40 mg/100 mL.

Objective: To investigate the potential interaction between the ApiAP2 protein family member, PF3D7_1107800, and var intron of Plasmodium falciparum in vivo., Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain), 5' end gene fragment of PF3D7_1107800 was amplified by PCR, and cloned into pGEX-4T-1 vector. The constructed pGEX-4T-1-PF3D7_1107800N was transformed into E. Coli BL21 (DE3) and followed by expression of the protein induced by IPTG. The recombinant protein was purified through glutathione sepharose. Twenty female BALB/c mice were divided into 2 group. Ten mice in experiment group were immunized with a mixture of the purified protein and Freund's adjuvant by subcutaneous injection. Other 10 mice received PBS injection as control. Sera from mice of 2 group were purified with protein G. The effect of the antibody was testified with Western blotting. DNA products of ChIP assay was analyzed for enrichment of anti-PF3D7_1107800 group in ups C var intron by qPCR., Results: PCR result of the PF3D7_1107800 gene 5' end segment showed that there was a specific band (about 345 bp), which was consistent with the theoretical value. The constructed vector pGEX-4T-1-PF3D7_1107800N was confirmed by gene sequencing. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the recombinant protein was about Mr 37,000. The anti-PF3D7_1107800 serum was obtained after the immunization of mice with the purified protein, and reacted with the recombinant protein, the specific band was about Mr 200,000. qPCR result showed that the fold enrichment of anti-PF3D7_1107800 group in var intron was two times higher than that of the reference gene region., Conclusion: The Plasmodium falciparum ApiAP2 family member PF3D7_1107800 binds to ups C var intron region in vivo.

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) supported a project on the control and elimination of malaria in People's Republic of China which was one of the biggest-scale international cooperation programmes to control malaria in the country during the past 10 years. The project promoted the effective implementation of the Chinese national malaria control programme. On the basis of epidemiologic data, an overview of the project activities and key performance indicators, the overall impact of the GFATM project was evaluated. We also reviewed relevant programme features including technological and management approaches, with a focus on best practice, innovations in implementation and the introduction of international standards. Last, we summarised the multi-stakeholder cooperation mechanism and comments on its sustainability in the post-GFATM period. Recommendations for the future management of the Chinese national malaria elimination programme are put forward after considering the challenges, shortcomings and lessons learnt during the implementation of the GFATM project in China to sustain past achievements and foster the attainment of the ultimate goal of malaria elimination for the country., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To introduce a new surgical technique for the treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis., Methods: Twenty-nine patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis treated in Dalian Municipal Central Hospital between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively studied. Coblation assisted arytenoidectomy was performed in all cases. The pre and postoperative glottic measurement and vocal acoustic parameters were analyzed., Results: All patients were decanulated 1 week after operation. Three months later, the mean glottic area increased from (21.9 +/- 4.7) to (40.3 +/- 5.2) mm2 (t = 5.74. P < 0.05); the width of maximal glottic chink increased from (1.47 +/- 0.37) to (4.82 +/- 0.54) mm (t = 6.24, P < 0.05). Twenty-six patients (89.7%) satisfied with the voice quality. Acoustic parameters (F0, jitter, shimmer) were no significant difference (P > 0. 05) , but there was a significant difference in maximum phonation time (P < 0.05). During three months to 3.5 years follow-up, the patients had a stable airway and effective phonation., Conclusions: Endoscopic coblation assisted arytenoidectomy is a new surgical method for the treatment of patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis, which is efficient, minimally invasive and safe.

Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) is a commonly used herbal material in functional food and Traditional Chinese Medicine. A HPLC chromatographic fingerprint was developed for its quality control and species differentiation. Nine peaks were found in the chromatogram of RSG and all these peaks were identified by diode array detection and electrospray ionization-MS/MS: 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, taxifolin, engeletin, isoengeletin, trans-resveratrol, astilbin and its three stereoisomers. Six of these constituents were consistently found in 18 batches of samples. The standard fingerprint of RSG was generated by mean simulation of all tested samples. Using the standard fingerprint, RSG could be easily differentiated from Rhizoma Smilacis Chinae and Rhizoma Heterosmilacis, the two species that can be confused with RSG.

Based on system theory, a coupling coordinated development model of ecological-economic system in Loess Plateau was established, and the evaluation criteria and basic types of the coordinated development of the ecological-economic system were proposed. The county-level coupling coordinated development of the ecological-economic system was also discussed, based on the local characteristics. The interactions between the ecological and economic systems in Loess Plateau could be divided into four stages, i.e., seriously disordered development stage, mild-disordered development stage, low-level coordinated development stage, and high level well-coordinated development stage. At each stage, there existed a cyclic process of profit and loss-antagonist-running-dominant-synchronous development. The coupling development degree of the ecological-economic system in Loess Plateau was overall at a lower level, being about 62.7% of the counties at serious disorder, 30.1% of the counties at mild disorder, and 7.1% of the counties at low but coordinated level. The coupling development degree based on the model established in this study could better reflect the current social-economic and ecological environment situations, especially the status of coordination. To fully understand the coupling of ecological-economic system and to adopt appropriate development mode would be of significance to promote the county-level coordinated development in Loess Plateau.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and feasibility of coblation treatment for laryngeal papilloma in adult., Methods: A total of 18 patients with laryngeal papilloma treated by coblation from April 2008 to June 2010 was retrospectively analysed. There were 4 cases of multiple laryngeal papilloma and 14 cases of single laryngeal papilloma. All of these patients were treated with CoblatorTM Reflex #7070 under general anesthesia without tracheotomy., Results: The volumes of blood loss during surgery varied from 1 ml to 10 ml, 2 ml on average. There was no postoperative bleeding or other complications. Follow-ups ranged from 6 months to 33 months after surgery, median 18 months. Recurrence occurred 4 months and 8 months after surgery in two patients. They were treated with coblation for the second time and followed up for 4 months and 12 months respectively. Recurrence occurred again in one patient., Conclusion: Coblation under suspension laryngoscope for laryngeal papilloma in adult was an ideal way due to less bleeding and less damage.

Objective: To establish whether Coblation is a suitable modality for removal of early glottic carcinoma., Methods: Fourteen patients with early glottic carcinoma (Tis-T2) without lymph node metastasis underwent resection of laryngeal cancer lesions using transoral endoscopic coblation (TEC), without pre- or post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy., Results: No severe complication such as bleeding and dyspnea occurred in the cases. Only mild postoperative pain happened to the patients. All patients could eat and pronounce on the surgery day. With following-up of 25 - 37 months, no recurrence was observed in 13 cases. One case, with poorly differentiated squamous cell lesion in the anterior commissure invading subglottic, recurred 3 months postoperatively. The patient received the re-resection of laryngeal lesion by coblation, but another recurrence happened to the patient 6 months postoperatively, and then was cured by partial laryngectomy, with recurrence-free survival 21 months postoperatively., Conclusion: The observation suggests that transoral endoscopic coblation is a reliable and safe modality for the resection of early glottic carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the efficiency of mattress-type micro sensitive monitor (MMSM) in sleep monitoring., Methods: Forty patients diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) by polysomnography (PSG) were randomly chosen, then received MMSM examination within 2 - 5 days. The results of both methods were compared, using the respiratory disturbance index, sleep efficiency, and obstructive factors as indicators., Results: All 40 patients were diagnosed as OSAHS, which were consistent with the results of PSG. There was no statistical difference when comparing the apnea hypopnea index (AHI, x(-) ± s, 35.6 ± 21.3 and 37.6 ± 18.8, respectively) and the ratio of rapid eyes movement (REM) stage (15.0 ± 4.5)% and (15.8 ± 6.3)%, respectively (t were 1.867 and 1.014, P > 0.01). Some statistical sense was found when patients'deep sleep, shallow sleep and sleep efficiency were compared (P < 0.01). According to the severity diagnosed by PSG, patients with mild, moderate and severe OSAHS were 11, 7 and 22 cases, respectively, Comparing by MMSM, 2, 19 and 19 cases, respectively. Among seventeen volunteers diagnosed by PSG as normal subjects, 2 of them were diagnosed as mild OSAHS. The sensitivity of MMSM was 100.0% and the specificity was 88.2%., Conclusions: With regard to the diagnosis of OSAHS, MMSM is well consistent with PSG. The MMSM can be applied clinically as a monitor technique.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic surgery using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (NA)., Methods: The clinical data of 4 patients treated between December 2005 and August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor in one patient was at stage I and three patients were at stage II, all these patients were treated by endoscopic surgery using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency under controlled hypotension anesthesia. Preoperative angiography and embolisation were underwent in all patients. Bipolar coagulation was used to help hemostasis during operation., Results: The tumor in all 4 patients was completely removed. The operation time was 60, 80, 110, 90 min respectively. The blood loss was 250, 250, 320, 280 ml respectively. Neither blood transfusion nor complications were encountered perioperatively. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years, none of the patients recurred., Conclusions: Endoscopic surgery using low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma has many advantages such as less bleeding and total tumor removal. It is a minimally invasive surgical method for nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of endoscopic surgery using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for nasal hemangioma., Methods: Clinical data of 15 patients treated between October 2007 and October 2009 under endoscopic surgery using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency were retrospectively studied., Results: All tumors in 15 patients were completely removed. The blood loss was 1 - 150 ml and the average blood loss was about 15 ml, only gelatin sponge was used to protect the wound after operation. There was no additional packing to stop bleeding. No complications were seen. The patients had mild postoperative pain. All patients were followed-up from 2 months to 2 years, no recurrence was found., Conclusions: Endoscopic surgery using low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for nasal hemangioma has following advantages such as simplicity, minimal invasion and so on. It is a viable surgical method for the treatment of nasal hemangioma.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of endoscopic surgery using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for nasal inverted papilloma. Methods In a retrospective study, clinical data of 8 patients underwent endoscopic surgery were analyzed since July 2008. Tumor stage according to Krouse was T1:1, T2:6, T3:1, T4:0, respectively. T1 and T2 lesions were completed excised using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency, T3 lesions were excised using microdebrider combined with plasma radiofrequency., Results: The average blood loss was about 20 ml, with the exception of one patients with recurrent nasal inverted papilloma about 200 ml. Shorter operative time, minimal postoperative pain, epithelization of nasal cavity was seen 2 months postoperatively. There were no complications. All patients were followed-up for 2-6 months, with no recurrence., Conclusions: Surgical treatment of nasal inverted papilloma using low-temperature plasma radiofrequency had following advantages: less blood loss, complete en bloc tumor resection, mild injury, short surgery time, mild postoperative pain. In summary, low-temperature plasma radiofrequency is a minimally invasive treatment for nasal inverted papilloma.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of coblation on benign hyperplasia of tongue base under endoscopy., Method: Fifty cases with benign hyperplasia at tongue root including tonsillar hypertrophy, lymphangioma and papillary epithelioma were treated with coblation under endoscopy and analyzed retrospectively. The post-operative Hemorrhage and pain and therapeutic effect were observed. And the follow-up was 16 to 32 months., Result: All the tumors were resected completely. The postoperative pain was mild. The patients could eat on the day of surgery without dysfunction of pronunciation and respiratory. The VAS score of foreign body sensation in pharynx was decreased from 81.5 +/- 9.6 to 13.5 +/- 3.9 after surgery (P < 0.01). The recovery rate was 96%, excellence rate was 4% and total effective rate was 100%. Besides, there was no recurrence., Conclusion: Coblation is a safe, effective and minimally invasive way to treat benign hyperplasia of tongue base under endoscopy.

Objective: To explore the mental health status of residents scattered living in Anxian after Wenchuan earthquake so as to provide scientific basis for further mental health intervention., Methods: A face to face interview was conducted among the scattered residents with designed questionnaire, which had three parts of the physical and emotional reaction, the relax methods and the social care and supports expected. Two-stage probability proportional to size (PPS) sample method was performed to sample 2184 from 0.44 million scattered residents in Anxian. On the basis of statistical description, mental health of different characteristics groups was compared., Results: Three main symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorders in 2184 residents (11.23+/-3.44) were higher than the 103 fire victims in Hunan in 2003 (10.06+/-3.26), three factor scores of SCL-90 (5.76+/-1.74) were higher than normal in 1998 repair mode (n=23 891) (4.72+/-1.44), and the statistical difference was observed (t=10.77, P<0.05; t=706.04, P<0.05). Comparing the mental health of different groups, some significant differences were found by age, gender and education background., Conclusion: The earthquake disaster brought prevalent physical and emotional reaction. Elderly people, female, junior students need mental intervention immediately. Therefore, strengthen the mental education and assistance (especially in high risk groups) would be of more significance.

Objective: To explore the public health situation and needs in Anxian after Wenchuan earthquake so as to make an effective strategy for disease control and prevention., Methods: 69 concentrated settlements with 100 residents were investigated. Probability proportion to size was adopted for sampling of 2200 residents from 687 scattered households (about 440 000 scattered residents). The content of this survey included drinking water, food hygiene, environment sanitation, planning immunity and medical health service, disease surveillance and so on. SPSS 16.0 was used for data analysis, and statistical interpretation was used to describe the results., Results: 90.9% (31/66) resettled residents in Anxian lived in tents, 7.6% (5/66) lived in the movable-plate house, 93.3% (621/666) scattered households lived in tents and 71.9% (446/621) of them lived in tents which were built by residents themselves; the rate of drinking water disinfection in resettlement sites and scattered households were 97.1% (66/68) and 94.6% (650/687); 12.8% scattered residents had mouldy or food; 50% of resettlement sites raised animals; 43.6% (17/39) medical station didn't have bacterin inoculation service; 66.7% (10/15) lacked sufficient disinfection equipment; register rate was 50.0% (33/66) and report rate of symptoms and infectious diseases was 56.1% (37/66)., Conclusion: There was still some risk of enteric and vector-borne diseases in Anxian, therefore, some tailored measures should be very important.

Objective: To explore the surgical ways of reoperation of the UPPP., Method: Fifteen failed cases of OSAHS after UPPP were reviewed and analyzed. The reoperations were performed with modified laser assistant, ablation assistant UPPP combining ablation of tongue base. The follow-up was done after 1 year., Result: The AHI decreased from (38.56 +/- 11.23)/h to (4.87 +/- 1.59)/h and the lowest SpO2 increased from (61.5 +/- 8.5)% to (79.9 +/- 9.7)% of the patients. The statistical difference was significant (P<0.01) in 1 year after the reoperation. The total validity ratio was 100% and the recovery rate was 96%. No complications happened., Conclusion: The shortcomings of UPPP could be made up with ablation, and the ablation could help the UPPP more minimal damage and effective therapy.

A cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed for the separation and determination of three isomeric compounds (ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid), caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin and quercetin. Without the addition of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and methanol, the separation of these analytes was poorly resolved. These eight compounds, however, were well separated from each other within 20 min with a borax running buffer (40 mM of borax, pH 9.4) containing 2mM beta-CD and 4% (v/v) methanol at the voltage of 25 kV, temperature of 25 degrees C and detection wavelength of 210 nm. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of migration time ranged from 0.16 to 0.74% while those of the peak area ratios ranged from 2.17 to 4.61% for six determinations of the analytes at concentration of 10 and 25 microg mL(-1). The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves of the analytes were all >0.998, and the recoveries were from 96.8 to 103.6%. The method was successfully applied to determine these bioactive components in the samples of Prunella vulgaris L. and its beverage drink products. Our results reveal that only the isomeric compounds and rosmarinic acid could be detected in the spikes of P. vulgaris L.; other components were either too low to be detected or not present while only rosmarinic acid was detected in the beverage products.

Objective: To assess the clinical value of modified transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair of groin hernias in adult patients., Method: From May 2006 to April 2008, modified TAPP repair for hernia was performed in 403 adult patients with groin hernia and 22 with femoral hernia. Indirect hernia sac was treated by high ligation of the hernia sac in similar fashion with the management in children, while direct or femoral hernia was treated by dissecting the hernia sac. An incision was made on the lateral umbilical ligament, and the mesh was stapled and covered completely by the peritoneum of the lateral umbilical ligament, followed by fixation of the mesh with stapling and absorbable sutures., Results: All the operations were accomplished successfully with the operating time from 20 to 30 min for unilateral hemioplasty and the blood loss volume was 4-5 ml. Two patients developed scrotal edema and three showed scrotal seroma. No hernia recurrence was found in follow-up for 2-22 months. The patients complained of no intestinal obstruction symptoms including traction pain, abdominal pain, or nausea or urinary bladder stimulation symptoms., Conclusions: Modified TAPP repair of groin hernias requires simple operation and produces reliable effect, and is therefore of clinical values for wide application.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of snoring on facial growth in children and the changes after surgery., Methods: Observations on facial growth were taken by X-ray 1.5 - 2 years before and after surgery on 40 children snorers aged between 2 - 5 years old, whose tonsils and (or) adenoids were completely removed. The data collected before surgery in the 2 - 3 years old snorers and in the 4 - 5 years old ones were compared with the data from healthy children at the same age respectively., Results: The comparison of data between 21 children snorers aged from 2 - 3 and 17 healthy children of the same ages showed that there was no significant difference in the diameter of pharyngeal cavity at tongue base (PAS), the diameter of nasopharyngeal cavity (UPW-PNS) and the angle between mandibular plane and frankfort horizontal plane (FH-MP) within 2 - 3 years group by statistically (P > 0.05). There is no significance in UPW-PNS and FH-MP angle within 4 - 5 years group by statistics (P > 0.05). Others results is significance in all groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in all groups expect Y-axis Angle 1.5 - 2 years after surgery (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Abnormal facial growth was caused by the consistent force from the changed way of breathing due to the increasing narrowness of upper airway obstruction and the long-existing obstructive sleep. Surgery done as soon as possible is helpful to reduce the force caused by the obstruction and helpful to the normal facial growth.

Objective: To analyze the efficiency and specificity of MSP2 alleles genotyping for Plasmodium falciparum isolates by Nest-PCR and PCR-RFLP., Methods: MSP2 alleles from Plasmodium falciparum isolates of Yunnan and Hainan were genotyped by Nest-PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively, and the efficiency and specificity of the two methods were analyzed., Results: The conventional Nest-PCR method could detect 79.8% (166/208) alleles of MSP2, and 65.7% (65/99) for 3D7 family, but could not identify the type of any allele. While PCR-RFLP showed 25.3% higher genotyping efficiency than Nest-PCR. Moreover, this method could identify the allele types., Conclusion: PCR-RFLP genotyping technique is more efficient and specific than conventional Nest-PCR, and it is a convenient tool in the study on molecular epidemiology of malaria.

The complexation reactions of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), mono[2-O-(2-hydroxypropyl)]-beta-CD (2-HP-beta-CD), mono[2-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)]-beta-CD (2-HE-beta-CD), and heptakis(2,6-di-methyl) -beta-CD (DM-beta-CD) were investigated using UV-vis and fluorospectrometry. The complexation between BCB and CDs could inhibit the aggregation of BCB molecules and could cause its absorbance at 634nm gradually increasing. The fluorescence of BCB was also enhanced with the addition of CDs. The fluorescence enhancement was more notable in neutral and acidic media than in basic media. Hildebrand-Benesi equation was used to calculate the formation constants of beta-CDs with BCB based on the fluorescence differences in the CDs solution. The stoichiometry ratio was found to be 1:1. The complexing capacities of beta-CD and its three derivatives were compared and the results followed the order: 2-HP-beta-CD>2-HE-beta-CD>DM-beta-CD>beta-CD. The effect of temperature on the formation of BCB-beta-CD inclusion complexes has also been examined. The results revealed that the formation constants decreased with the increase of temperature from 1038.9 to 491.6l/mol. Enthalpy and entropy values were calculated and the values were -25.77kJ/mol and 35.04J/kmol, respectively. The thermodynamic measurements suggest that the inclusive process was enthalpic favor. The release of high-energy water molecules and Van der Waals force played an important role in the inclusive process.

This is a review on the new progress in the study of regulation mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum Var gene family. The mutually exclusive expression system caused expression only one in 60 var genes while others were silenced. It was regulated on the transcriptional level mainly through three pathways: non-coding DNA elements, chromatin structure and perinuclear localization.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of the modified maxillary bone disassembly procedures on patients with tumors in the anterior and middle skull base., Methods: Retrospective analysis was made of patients treated with the modified maxillary bone disassembly procedures. Ten tumors in the anterior and middle skull base were resected according to the pathology, size and site of the skull base tumors including 9 benign tumors and 1 malignant tumor., Results: All tumors were resected completely. All patients were followed up from 12 months to 5 years postoperatively. The complications were less and the life quality was increased. The patients with benign tumors showed no recurrence . Two patients with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea cured spontaneously after 7 days. One patient with melanoma died of brain metastase., Conclusions: It is necessary to estimate the tumors thoroughly before surgery. According to the location of the tumor, the modified maxillary bone disassembly is the nearest and harmless approach, through which the tumors can be completely excised with minimal invasiveness. The life quality is thus increased.

The importance of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) against malaria parasite in pre-erythrocytic stage has been presented in relevant researches. In order to investigate whether one CTL epitope (YLNKIQNSL) involved in a chimeric pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine candidate of Plasmodium falciparum which was expressed and purified in the laboratory can stimulate in vivo CTL response, HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice were immunized with this vaccine candidate. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay was performed on the splenocytes from the immunized transgenic mice. Positive result indicated that this CTL epitope can be in vivo processed and correctly presented.

Objective: To detect expression level and distribution of aquaporin 1(AQP1) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in rat laryngeal tissues and try to find out significance about aquaporin in the laryngeal function and mechanism on the laryngeal diseases., Method: Eight cases laryngeal tissues were obtained from normal wistar rats. The slides were detected with HE staining for routine histopathologic examination, immunohistochemical staining was performed for observing the expression of AQP1 and AQP4 in laryngeal tissue., Result: AQP1 expresses mainly on the capillary endothelial cell of laryngeal mucous lamina propria, laryngeal mucous glands and myocyte nuclear membrane. AQP4 expresses mainly on squamous epithelial, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, laryngeal lamina propria mucous glands and myocyte membrane., Conclusion: The distribution of Aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 on rat laryngeal tissue is dramatically different. This result suggests that they may have different role on the water transport of larynx, and may play an important role on laryngeal diseases.

Objective: To clone, sequence, and express the aldolase (ALD) encoding gene of Plasmodium falciparum FCC1/HN strain., Methods: The ALD encoding gene was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of FCC1/HN strain. The positive clones were screened and identified by agarose gel electrophoresis and endonuclease. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli M15. The fusion protein was expressed by IPTG induction and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and anion exchange column., Results: The ALD gene of P. falciparum was amplified. Analysis of sequencing showed that the ALD gene of P. falciparum was identical with the sequence of other reported isolates. A Mr 41,000 fusion protein was induced by IPTG and was purified by chromatography., Conclusion: The ALD gene of P. falciparum FCC1/HN strain was identical to the other reported isolates. ALD fusion protein of P. falciparum was expressed and purified.

Plasmodium falciparum chimeric protein 2 (PfCP-2), fused by erythrocytic stage antigens, AMA-1(III) and MSP1-19, is a potential vaccine candidate against malaria. However, the two-band pattern of this protein product in SDS-PAGE has some negative influence for the application of it for clinical tests. N-terminal sequence analysis of the product showed that the doublet had different N-terminus, with 9 amino acid deletion in the band with low molecular weight. Therefore, the gene was modified to generate a new construct, named PfCP-2.9, which was lack of these 9 residues at its N-terminus. Expression of PfCP-2.9 produced only one band. Moreover, the new construct was as same as the original product in the level of expression, conformation dependence on the disulfide bond, immunogenicity and inhibitory effect on the parasite growth in vitro.