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Twitter is a popular social networking site allowing users to read/post messages (tweets). Among the topic varieties, people in Twitter express sentiments for brands, stars, merchandises, and social events. Hence, it draws attention to assess a crowd’s sentiments in Twitter. Tweets classify a target’s sentiments as positive, negative or neutral. Individuals comment on many entities (or targets) in a tweet, thereby affecting availabilities for current methods. This is beneficial for clients who explore products sentiment before acquisition, or corporations wanting to check public sentiment of their products. This work proposes a new Twitter Sentiment Classification algorithm using novel feature selection technique with ensemble classifier through a meta-heuristic algorithm. Feature vectors are represented using binary encoding and a novel transfer function to flip encoding bits using shuffled frog meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed. To evaluate the new algorithm, Twitter corpus from Stanford University is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the 3D surface topography and 2D roughness profiles, and micrographs were analyzed in the abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting of AISI D2 steel kerf wall cut surfaces by varying water jet pressures and jet impact angles. In 3D surface topography, roughness parameters such asSq, Ssk, Sp, Sv, Sku, Sz, andSawere improved by various jet impact angles with different water jet pressures. However, the roughness parametersSskandSkustrongly depend on the water jet pressure and jet impact angle. This is confirmed by kerf wall cut profile structures. Fine irregularities of peaks and valleys are found on the AWJ cut surfaces, as evident from 2D roughness profiles. The scanning electron microscope micrographs confirm the production of an upper zone not very much damaged and a lower striation free bottom zone, by using the jet impact angle of 70° with a water jet pressure of 200 MPa. Finally, the results indicate a jet impact angle of 70° maintaining the surface integrity of D2 steel better than normal jet impact angle of 90°. The results are useful in mating applications subjected to wear and friction. This has resulted in enhancement of the functionality of the AWJ machined D2 steel components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how optimization studies were carried out on an abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting process with multiresponse characteristics based on Multi Criteria Decision Making Methodology (MCDM) using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The process parameters water jet pressure, traverse rate, abrasive flow rate, and standoff distance are optimized with multiresponse characteristics, including the depth of penetration (DOP), cutting rate (CR), surface roughness (Ra), taper cut ratio (TCR), and top kerf width (TKW). The optimized results obtained from this approach indicate that higher DOP and CR and lower Ra, TCR, and TKW were achieved with combinations of the AWJ cutting process parameters, such as water jet pressure of 300 MPa, traverse rate of 120 mm/min, abrasive flow rate of 360 g/min, and standoff distance of 1 mm. The experimental results indicate that the multiresponse characteristics of the AA5083-H32 unit used during the AWJ cutting process can be enhanced through the TOPSIS method. Analysis of variance was carried out to determine the significant factors for the AWJ cutting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary and water supplementation of probiotic Streptococcus phocae PI80 on growth, immune response and feed utilization of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in earthen ponds. The probiotic bacterium S. phocae PI80 was cultured in large fermenter (50 L) by adding additional carbon source in the form of molasses and glucose along with yeast extract as nitrogen source to enrich S. phocae PI80 biomass. This enriched S. phocae PI80 was administered to shrimp in feed (6.5 × 1013 bacterial cells m L−1) as well as in pond water (5 L/pond). Shrimp growth performance was significantly improved ( P < 0.05) in 120 days culture when the average body weight of treated molasses + yeast extract ( MY) (28.41 ± 0.874 g), glucose + yeast extract ( GY) (27.013 ± 0.698 g) was significantly higher than control (23.63 ± 0.684 g). Food conversion ratio FCR was also found to be reduced significantly in ponds treated with probiotics when compared with control pond (1.89 ± 0.09). Vibrio and luminescent bacteria were found to be lower in the treatment receiving MY group, and we hypothesize that this may lead to greater shrimp survival. Furthermore, fermentation product of S . phocae PI80 added to pond water and feed additives enhanced the shrimp immune system. The results indicated that total haemocytes count ( THC), phenoloxidase ( PO) activity, NBT reductase assay and phagocytic activity significantly increased in shrimps treated with S. phocae PI80. Our study demonstrates that administration of S. phocae PI80 in the water and feed at 6.5 × 1013 colony-forming units (CFU) m L−1 bacterial cells induce immune modulation and enhances the immune ability of P. monodon in pond-reared shrimp and increased the shrimp production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to establish the immune response induced by Streptococcus phocae PI80, Bacillus subtilis, and commercial probiotics (Uni-Ecosense, EcoForce, Uni-Hatch) in the shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductase assay, phagocytic activity, and disease resistance was evaluated for 30 days. Total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, NBT reductase assay, and phagocytic activity significantly increased in juveniles and adults treated with S. phocae PI80, a mixture of S. phocae PI80 and B. subtilis, or a commercial probiotic, but there were no significant differences in live weight of shrimps treated with probiotics or the control. Treatment with S. phocae PI80 plus B. subtilis enhanced survival of shrimps challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Our study demonstrates that administration of S. phocae PI80+B. subtilis at 4.6 × 108 CFU/ml water induced immune modulation, enhanced immune ability, and increased resistance to V. parahaemolyticus in juvenile and adult black tiger shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review describes the diversity of Indian fermented food and its significance as a potential source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Fermented foods consumed in India are categorized based upon their base material. Fermented foods such as dahi, gundruk, sinki, iniziangsang, iromba, fermented rai, kanjika and handua were reported to have significant medicinal properties. Some fermented products such as koozh, dahi and kanjika are consumed unknowingly as, probiotic drinks, by local people. There are very few reports regarding isolation of LAB from Indian fermented foods available in the past; however, due to growing consciousness about potential health benefits of LAB, we now have scores of reports in this field. There is an abundant opportunity available for food microbiologists to explore the Indian fermented foods for the isolation of new LAB strains for their potential role in probiotic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to establish the immune response induced by Streptococcus phocae PI80, Bacillus subtilis, and commercial probiotics (Uni-Ecosense, EcoForce, Uni-Hatch) in the shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductase assay, phagocytic activity, and disease resistance was evaluated for 30 days. Total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, NBT reductase assay, and phagocytic activity significantly increased in juveniles and adults treated with S. phocae PI80, a mixture of S. phocae PI80 and B. subtilis, or a commercial probiotic, but there were no significant differences in live weight of shrimps treated with probiotics or the control. Treatment with S. phocae PI80 plus B. subtilis enhanced survival of shrimps challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Our study demonstrates that administration of S. phocae PI80+B. subtilis at 4.6 × 108 CFU/ml water induced immune modulation, enhanced immune ability, and increased resistance to V. parahaemolyticus in juvenile and adult black tiger shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Halophila spp. is a strong medicine against malaria and skin diseases and is found to be very effective in early stages of leprosy. Seagrasses are nutraceutical in nature and therefore of importance as food supplements. Objective: The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Halophila ovalis R. Br. Hooke (Hydrocharitaceae) methanol extract were investigated and the chemical constituents of purified fractions were analyzed. Materials and methods: Plant materials were collected from Pondicherry coastal line, and antimicrobial screening of crude extract, and purified fractions was carried out by the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of the purified fractions and reference antibiotics were determined by microdilution method. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated in vitro. Chemical constituents of purified fractions V and VI were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the phytochemicals were quantitatively determined. Results: Methanol extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 µg/mL and other Gram-negative pathogens at 75 µg/ml, except Vibrio vulnificus. Reducing power and total antioxidant level increased with increasing extract concentration. H. ovalis exhibited strong scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals at IC50 of 0.13 and 0.65 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol extract of H. ovalis showed noticeable anti-inflammatory activity at IC50 of 78.72 µg/mL. The GC-MS analysis of H. ovalis revealed the presence of triacylglycerols as major components in purified fractions. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals revealed that phenols are rich in seagrass H. ovalis. Discussion and conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the methanol extract of H. ovalis exhibited appreciable antibacterial, noticeable antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and thus could be use as a potential source for natural health products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of gamma radiation (1-10 kGy) in combination with antioxidant wrapping (butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA], curcumin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]) for extending the quality and shelf life of goat fish Parupeneus indicus Quality assessment was studied by monitoring the chemical (total volatile base nitrogen, trimethyl amine [TMA] and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), microbiological (total bacterial count) and electro paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral analysis. A dose-dependent reduction of TVB and TMA was contemplated with irradiated samples. Lowest TVB (21 ± 1.52) and TMA (3.8 ± 0.7) were seen in 10 kGy irradiated samples compared with control TVB (79 ± 2.5) and TMA (22 ± 1.1) values. Antioxidant coated samples exhibited lower t-bars values indicative of higher antioxidant activity than the control. A final t-bars value of 0.346 ± 0.04 was seen for control, while it was 0.25 ± 0.03, 0.31 ± 0.04 0.31 ± 0.03 for BHA, curcumin and EDTA coated samples, respectively. Scavenging potential of selected antioxidants was measured in EPR using a stable radical 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Infusion of fish samples with antioxidants diminished the intensity of EPR radical peak in irradiated samples. Outcome of the study proposes irradiation along with antioxidant wrapping as an efficient tool in preservation of foods from the sea. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Ever since the global necessity for fishery products is expanding, there is a call for efficient preservative approaches. In countries like India, the serious outstanding puzzle with respect to distribution of fishery products is their vulnerability to spoilage, chiefly due to the contamination of spoilage microorganisms. Because of the boycott on chemical and antibiotic preservatives, many countries have had to limit the export of some fishery commodities resulting in solemn economic loss. In this circumstance, food irradiation tenders a momentous alternative method for slashing storage losses. Though irradiation and frozen storage may essentially stop the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, deterioration of quality brought about by chemical and physical origins can happen. The study conducted was of prime importance as the antioxidant treatments along with irradiation displayed the evident of fruitful reduction in inhibiting the negative shades of food spoilage and allows international trade requirements to be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of protective culture Enterococcus faecium MC-13 on the shelf life of beheaded, scaled and gutted oil sardines (Sardinella longiceps) and tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) during refrigerated storage were examined. The control and the treated samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (PV, TVB-N), microbiological (total viable count), and sensory characteristics. The in vivo safety following oral administration to wistar rats was investigated before its usage as a biopreservative. By the end of the experiment, the lowest total volatile base microbial load was observed in E. faecium inoculated seafood samples and the highest in controls. Addition of protective culture to the artificially contaminated food sample in the assayed storage condition inhibited Listeria monocytogenes by 1.3 and 1.17 log CFU/g in Penaeus monodon and Sardinella longiceps, respectively. Our preliminary results validate the feasibility of using Enterococcus faecium as a possible candidate for use as a starter culture in increasing the quality and nutritive value in seafood. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Statistics-based experimental designs were used to develop a cost-effective medium for enhanced production of viable cells and bacteriocin by probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC13. Carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources were first screened by one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) methods. In order to increase yield production, the selected variables were further statistically optimized using response-surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The maximum and minimum levels of the selected variables were determined and a set of 34 experimental runs was performed. The optimum concentrations of the tested variables for production of viable cells (12.24 log CFU mL-1) and bacteriocin activity (25,600 AU mL-1) were tryptone (10.0 g/L), peptone (6.0 g/L), maltose (3.0 g/L), glucose (9.0 g/L), NaCl (15.0 g/L), sodium citrate (2.5 g/L), sodium acetate (1.0 g/L), and dipotassium PO4 (0.1 g/L). Threefold increased yield of bacteriocin was achieved in optimized medium compared to the unoptimized counterpart, and this was two times less cost than commercial MRS medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strain PI80 which showed promising antimicrobial effect on different shrimp and fish pathogens was isolated from gut of shrimp Penaeus indicus. Based on 16Sr RNA gene sequence similarities and phenotypic characterization, strain PI80 was identified as a member of the genus Streptococcus. The G+C content of the partial DNA sequence was 53 %. Streptococcus phocae PI80 exhibited resistance against methicillin, kanamycin, neomycin and amikacin. Hemolytic and phenotypic results showed the differentiation of strain PI80 from other species within the genus Streptococcus. S. phocae PI80 showed broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens by producing its own antimicrobial compound like bacteriocin. Moreover the culture growth parameters revealed that the PI80 having potential to grow at high temperature, pH and NaCl concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual damage inspection of steel frames by eyes alone is time-consuming and cumbersome; therefore, it produces inconsistent results. Existing computer vision-based methods for inspecting civil structures using deep learning algorithms have not reached full maturity in exactly locating the damage. This paper presents a deep convolutional neural network-based damage locating (DCNN-DL) method that classifies the steel frame images provided as inputs as damaged and undamaged. DenseNet, a DCNN architecture, was trained to classify the damage. The DenseNet output was upscaled and superimposed on the original image to locate the damaged part of the steel frame. The DCNN-DL method was validated using 144 training and 114 validation sets of steel frame images. DenseNet, with an accuracy of 99.3%, outperformed MobileNet and ResNet with accuracies of 96.2% and 95.4%, respectively. This case study confirms that the DCNN-DL method effectively facilitates the real-time inspection and location of steel frame damage. • Deep learning approaches is proposed to locate the damaged part of the steel frame. • DenseNet based deep convolutional neural network is implemented and validated. • Data augmentation and Grad-CAM visualization techniques is implemented. • The proposed model accurately locates the damages in the steel structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its significance in ensuring structural safety and occupant comfort, wind pressure on buildings has attracted the attention of numerous scholars. However, the characteristics of wind pressures are usually complex. This study employs an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm, clustering algorithms, to study wind pressures on buildings. Wind pressures on a single building and two adjacent buildings with different gaps are measured in a wind tunnel, with clustering algorithms applied to cluster different wind pressure patterns. The results show that for the single-building model, the pressure patterns are symmetrical on the side surfaces of the building; for the two-building model with a small gap, a channeling effect can be identified; for the two-building model with a large gap, the pressure patterns shared symmetry with that of the single-building model. Clustering algorithms can recognize unidentified patterns of wind pressures on buildings. This study demonstrates that clustering algorithms are a powerful tool for recognizing patterns hidden in complex pressure fields and flow fields. Therefore, this study proposes a promising machine-learning technique that can perfectly complement traditional building methods using wind engineering. • Applied machine learning algorithm for recognizing wind pressure patterns. • Aerodynamic characteristics on buildings were investigated. • Alongwind and crosswind pressure coefficients of buildings were analyzed. • Impact of pressure coefficients on two building with different gap width was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This novel study deals with the investigation of abrasive mixtures on abrasive water jet (AWJ) drilling of stainless steel 304 using multi objective soft computing techniques. In this study, the drilling parameters such as abrasive mixture, stand-off distance and feed rate were varied. The abrasive mixture was prepared with the composition of different types of abrasives such as silicon carbide & garnet, and aluminium oxide & garnet, and different mixture ratios. This mixing ratio was done based on the total mass of the abrasive mixture. The effect of abrasive water jet drilling parameters was examined on the hole features such as the hole diameter, circularity, cylindricity, and surface roughness. Multi objective optimization and algorithm techniques were employed in this study, namely Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis (TGRA) and Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA). In this research work, the performance of KHA method was also compared with another recent metaheuristic technique i.e. grey wolf optimization (GWO) based on the quality measurement tools such as Spacing and Inverted generational distance. For this approach, the main parameters of metaheuristics algorithms were tuned using a robust design approach to acquire the best feasible solution. Besides, different multiple linear regression model equations were established to determine the best model for the KHA method based on the similarity between experimental and calculated attributes. With the assistance of these approaches, it is found that the abrasive mixtures have improved the performance of the AWJ drilling process in SS 304 rather than the use of a single type abrasive such as 100% Garnet. The results of this study proved that the KHA optimization technique is successfully utilized to find the best configuration parameter setting for AWJ drilling process, and that results are found to be efficient than the TGRA. To validate the predicted results of KHA, confirmation test was conducted. The results of the confirmation test showed that the predicted hole features of KHA were acceptable as that the error deviation was found as less than 2% with the experimental results. It is also noticed that the computational time and the selected quality metrics of KHA are found to be lower than the GWO method. Hence, it is confirmed that a new metaheuristic algorithm namely, KHA was found suitable for AWJ drilling process. The outcome of the present work explores a new paradigm to the AWJ machining to improve performance features in various operations. • Abrasive mixtures based approach is done in the abrasive water jet drilling. • Abrasive mixture ratio achieves better hole features than a single type abrasive. • Application of Krill herd algorithm and Grey wolf optimization have explored. • Taguchi–grey relational analysis and parameters tuning are conducted. • Comparison of Krill herd algorithm with the Grey wolf optimization is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nine systematic weave patterns were developed by changing the number of simultaneous yarns in warp and weft direction of the plain weave. • Weave architectures of the reinforcement influenced static and dynamic mechanical properties significantly. • Lower crimp results in higher Young's modulus but sufficient interlacing points are necessary for structural stability of reinforcement. • Architecture with higher crimp absorbed higher energy than other architectures due to longer yarn straightening process during loading. • Unevenness in the architecture may leads to easy relaxation process at high temperature increasing loss modulus and damping factor. Weave architecture of the reinforcement in polymeric composite structures affects macroscopic mechanical properties of the developed composites significantly along with many other factors. In present article, nine different but systematic weave architectures were obtained by changing the number of simultaneous yarns moving in warp and weft direction of flax (Linum usitatissimum) woven fabric. Static and dynamic mechanical properties (Tensile, Flexural, Impact, loss modulus, storage modulus and damping factor) of flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. The effect of weave configurations on failure mechanism of the developed composites has also been studied morphologically. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate the failure mechanism of the developed composites. Tensile strength and modulus was found to be significantly affected by the number of simultaneous load sharing fibers weaved in loading direction and crimp of the fabric respectively. Interlacing points of the fabric seems to control the flexural strength and modulus of the developed composites. Reinforcement architecture was also found to be responsible for the changes in impact strength of developed composites. Consistent with Young's modulus, storage modulus and loss modulus were also affected by weave parameters such as unevenness in the architecture of reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the technological era, exponential increase of unorganized text documents offers increased difficulties retrieving the most relevant data. The document clustering is a most prominent technique that transforms unorganized contents into organized contents in the form of clusters. The recognition technique always undergoes clustering of text documents with misleading or redundant information that degrades document clustering quality. In this study, a salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is used for clustering the text documents. The study is improved with a similarity and a distance-based measurements as an objective function in the clustering domain. The experimental validation is conducted to show the efficacy of SSA-based similarity distance measurement that prominently improves the quality of clustering the text documents. The comparison with existing methods shows that the proposed SSA offers better clustering of text documents in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and f-measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the effect of high effective atomic number (Z eff) materials loading in polystyrene based thin-film Plastic Scintillators (PS). Thin plastic scintillator sheets have been loaded with high Z materials such as BaFBr:Eu, Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb, Gd 2 O 3 , BaF 2 , CeO 2 and Bi 2 O 3. Polystyrene based PS sheets of 250 ± 50 μ m thickness have been prepared by dissolving predetermined quantities of polystyrene, 2,5-Diphenyloxazole (PPO) and 1,4-bis(5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl) benzene (POPOP) in the p-xylene solvent. High Z eff material powders of 23 μ m size are mixed in the plastic scintillator solution and coated over the cellulose acetate-based transparency sheets. The dried films are peeled off, and their photoluminescence, radioluminescence, pulse height spectrum and response to alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiations are studied by adopting suitable methods. The high Z eff materials for loading in PS are selected based on their physical properties like refractive index, bandgap, Z eff , Photoluminescence (PL) properties. While the composite scintillator loaded with 14.3 wt% of BaFBr:Eu2+ showed significant increase compare to other high Z materials. The loading concentration has been optimized as 14.3 wt% from the BaFBr:Eu2+ studies. Most of the composite scintillators showed improvement in radioluminescence and pulse height spectra for different radiations. • Polystyrene based thin plastic scintillator have been prepared by solvent-based fabrication method. • Thin composite plastic scintillator are studied with high Z eff material loading. • High Z eff material loaded composite scintillators showed enhanced response to radiation. • BaFBr:Eu loaded composite PS has shown the best promising result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is a pathological condition characterized by the abnormal proliferation of cells inside the breast tissue. The biggest challenge at the moment is determining the most optimal subset from large datasets. Numerous methodologies have been presented for the purpose of selecting the most suitable subset from datasets with high dimensions. However, the outcomes have proven to be insufficient in effectively addressing extensive quantities of multidimensional datasets. This publication presents a proposal for an efficient approach of selecting numerous feature subsets and performing classification on Multidimensional Datasets (MDD). In this study, the Moment Invariant Wavelet Feature Extraction (MI-WFE) approach is employed for the purpose of feature extraction. The New Adaptive Hybrid Levy Flight based Cuckoo Search Optimization Algorithm is employed to identify the most pertinent subset of features. This study presents a novel approach, referred to as H-RS-LVCSO, which aims to enhance the local search capability and optimization speed of the algorithm. This is achieved through the hybridization of the Rat Swarm Optimizer with the levy flight based cuckoo search optimization technique. In this study, it is suggested a hybridized approach for classifying breast cancer, utilizing a Multilayer Multiple Deep Kernel Learning (ML-MDKL) Classifier in conjunction with the standard Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier. The simulation of the suggested method is conducted using the MATLAB software. The approach under consideration is evaluated in comparison to two pre-existing methods. The suggested method demonstrates an accuracy improvement of 10.58% compared to existing methods. Furthermore, it outperforms these methods by 17.5% in terms of accuracy. The proposed method exhibits a precision improvement of 6.52% and 14.23% compared to the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of seagrass Halophila ovalis sulfated polysaccharide on HT-29 cell line., Subjects and Methods: Monosaccharides composition was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the functional groups were analyzed using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of crude extract and purified fractions was investigated in vitro ., Results: FT-IR spectra revealed that the presence of different functional groups and the presence of galactose (82.4%), xylose (7.6%), fructose (4.0%), mannose (2.0%), fucose (1.6%), glucose (1.2%), and arabinose (1.0%) was observed using LC-MS. Ho-SP and its fractions showed radical scavenging activity in hydroxyl, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay in a dose-dependent manner. Noticeable anti-inflammatory activity of purified fraction Ho FrIV (IC 50 = 43.85 μg/ml) was observed in a noncytotoxic range of concentrations and inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion (0.27 ng/ml) in HT-29 cell line., Conclusion: Overall, the results presented in this study suggest that purified fraction Ho FrIV of Ho-SP could suppress the TNF-α-induced secretion of IL-8 in HT-29 and thus could be used as a promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory candidate with potential benefits., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

The present study investigated the effects of sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii (Sw-SP) and seagrass Halophila ovalis (Ho-SP) in nociceptive and inflammatory models. In the formalin test, Sw-SP and Ho-SP significantly reduced licking time in both phases of the test at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In the hot plate test, the antinociceptive effect was observed only in animals treated with 10 mg/kg of Sw-SP and 5, 10 mg/kg of Ho-SP, suggesting that the analgesic effect occurs through a central action mechanism at the higher dose. Sw-SP and Ho-SP (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan, especially at 3 h after treatment and potentially decreased neutrophil migration by 53% and 52%, respectively. In Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, there was a significant increase in the rat paw volume and decrease in body weight, but in Sw-SP- and Ho-SP-treated groups (10 mg/kg), a significant reduction in paw volume and a normal gain in body weight were observed. The present results indicate that Sw-SP and Ho-SP possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and have potential usefulness for development as therapeutic agents.

A bacteriocin producer strain MC13 was isolated from the gut of Mugil cephalus (grey mullet) and identified as Enterococcus faecium. The bacteriocin of E. faecium MC13 was purified to homogeneity, as confirmed by Tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a single active fraction eluted at 26 min, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis showed the molecular mass to be 2.148 kDa. The clear zone in native PAGE corresponding to enterocin MC13 band further substantiated its molecular mass. A dialyzed sample (semicrude preparation) of enterocin MC13 was broad spectrum in its action and inhibited important seafood-borne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes , Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. This antibacterial substance was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes: trypsin, protease, and chymotrypsin but insensitive to catalase and lipase, confirming that inhibition was due to the proteinaceous molecule, i.e., bacteriocin, and not due to hydrogen peroxide. Enterocin MC13 tolerated heat treatment (up to 90 °C for 20 min). Enterococcus faecium MC13 was effective in bile salt tolerance, acid tolerance, and adhesion to the HT-29 cell line. These properties reveal the potential of E. faecium MC13 to be a probiotic bacterium. Enterococcus faecium MC13 could be used as potential fish probiotic against pathogens such as V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Aeromonas hydrophila in fisheries. Also, this could be a valuable seafood biopreservative against L. monocytogenes.

Efficacy and safety of nimesulide as well as favourable tolerability have been tested in osteoarthritis in short term study and post-marketing survey. Here is a report which shows the superiority of nimesulide complexed with betacyclodextrin vs ninesulide tablet in osteoarthritis in a long term study.