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All-inorganic metal halide perovskites have been actively investigated as promising energy-converting materials for abundant applications owing to their excellent electronic and optical properties. Three-dimensional (3D) CsPbBr3, two-dimensional (2D) CsPb2Br5, and zero-dimensional (0D) Cs4PbBr6 obtained by Cs–Pb–Br dimensional engineering at the molecular level open a new avenue for the development and application of metal halide perovskites. A continuously increasing number of studies are devoted to the phase transitions of 3D CsPbBr3, 2D CsPb2Br5 and 0D Cs4PbBr6 to improve the stability and electronic and optical properties of metal halide perovskites by forming multi-phase perovskite structures. Herein, recent advances in the phase transitions of these three materials are discussed systematically. The processes occurring during the reversible phase transitions of 3D CsPbBr3, 2D CsPb2Br5 and 0D Cs4PbBr6 are elaborated, and their reaction mechanisms are described. In addition, the latest applications of all-inorganic metal halide perovskites in photoelectric, electro-optical, and all-optical conversion processes are summarized. Finally, future research directions related to the development of inorganic metal halide perovskites for these applications are outlined. In summary, the phase transitions of all-inorganic perovskites provide attractive opportunities for multi-field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is critical in preventing long-term complications. This study aims to develop a scoring system using non-invasive indicators to predict endoscopic activities for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. All enrolled patients with UC admitted to Shanghai Xinhua Hospital between June 2017 and January 2021 were enrolled, and their clinical data were retrospectively collected and a number of serological biomarkers concentrations were analyzed. Patients were categorized into mild and moderate-to-severe disease groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to predict moderate-to-severe endoscopic activities, which were then incorporated into a nomogram to establish a prediction scoring model. Overall, 231 patients were divided into a mild group (n = 111, 48.0%) and a moderate-to-severe group (n = 120, 52.0%). The following variables were independently associated with the disease severity and were subsequently included into the prediction model: Proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin(Hb), IL-10, stool frequency ≥ 5 times/day and hematochezia. Incorporating these 6 factors, the nomogram showed good discrimination with C-index of 0.819 and reliable calibration. A scoring model was established with the area under the curve 0.818. Moreover, PR3-ANCA and CRP correlated with the duration of hospital stay. We developed a predictive model for endoscopic disease activities by using noninvasive factors based on PR3-ANCA, CRP, Hb, IL-10, stool frequency and hematochezia. This prediction model might assist clinicians in managing patients with UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2A12 aluminum alloy was pretreated with dopamine instead of the traditional zinc dipping, and then Ni--P alloy coating was formed on its surface by electroless plating in an alkaline bath and an acidic bath successively. The hydrophilicity of 2A12 aluminum alloy was greatly improved after being treated with dopamine due to the massive formation and strong adsorption of polydopamine (PDA) particles on its surface. The Ni--P alloy coating electrolessly plated in the acidic bath was amorphous, uniform, and compact, contained 11.56% of phosphorus by mass, and had a microhardness of 320 HV, providing good protection for the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]