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There existed ever-increasing structural diseases in the Dugongling tunnel after the completion of the construction. Systematic research was carried out based on the information of tunnel engineering geology, disease development, mineral composition of surrounding rock and concrete, and laboratory tests. Results showed that (1) the concrete structure from the Dugongling tunnel suffered from a typical thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA); (2) tunnel diseases developed under the influence of multiple geological factors such as groundwater, karst, gypsum bearing stratum, and geological tectonics. Groundwater aggravated the appearance of engineering defects of various geological factors and accelerated the softening and swelling of surrounding rock. Moreover, the additional load of supporting structure increased, and the concrete structure was prone to sulfate attack; (3) the development of tunnel diseases showed long-cycle and large-scale characteristics, and the types of diseases are heterogeneous. The tunnel diseases develop rapidly in the third year after the construction. The structure collapse disease, one of the most serious diseases of tunnel lining, occurred in the fifth year after construction; and (4) according to the conditions of TSA, technical treatment measures were proposed. These measures included blocking the flow of CO 3 2 − , improving the impermeability of concrete structures, and decreasing the diffusion of external ions and groundwater. This work provides a solution for the treatment of similar tunnel disease and mechanism analysis.

Ducks are an economically important waterfowl but a natural reservoir for some zoonotic pathogens, such as influenza virus and flaviviruses. Our understanding of the duck immune system and its interaction with viruses remains incomplete. In this study, we constructed the transcriptomic landscape of duck circulating immune cells, the first line of defense in the arthropod-borne transmission of arboviruses, using high-throughput single-cell transcriptome sequencing, which defined 14 populations of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLks) based on distinct molecular signatures and revealed differences in the clustering of PBLks between ducks and humans. Taking advantage of in vivo sex differences in the susceptibility of duck PBLks to avian tembusu virus (TMUV) infection, a mosquito-borne flavivirus newly emerged from ducks with a broad host range from mosquitos to mammals, a comprehensive comparison of the in vivo dynamics of duck PBLks upon TMUV infection between sexes was performed at the single-cell level. Using this in vivo model, we discovered that TMUV infection reprogrammed duck PBLks differently between sexes, driving the expansion of granulocytes and priming granulocytes and monocytes for antiviral immune activation in males but decreasing the antiviral immune activity of granulocytes and monocytes by restricting their dynamic transitions from steady states to antiviral states with a decrease in the abundance of circulating monocytes in females. This study provides insights into the initial immune responses of ducks to arthropod-borne flaviviral infection and provides a framework for studying duck antiviral immunity.

Multivalent vaccines combining crucial mutations from phylogenetically divergent variants could be an effective approach to defend against existing and future SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we developed a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine SCTV01E, based on the trimeric Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, with a squalene-based oil-in-water adjuvant SCT-VA02B. In the immunogenicity studies in naïve BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice, SCTV01E exhibited the most favorable immunogenic characteristics to induce balanced and broad-spectrum neutralizing potencies against pre-Omicron variants (D614G, Alpha, Beta, and Delta) and newly emerging Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, and BA.4/5). Booster studies in C57BL/6J mice previously immunized with D614G monovalent vaccine demonstrated superior neutralizing capacities of SCTV01E against Omicron subvariants, compared with the D614G booster regimen. Furthermore, SCTV01E vaccination elicited naïve and central memory T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and Omicron spike peptides. Together, our comprehensive immunogenicity evaluation results indicate that SCTV01E could become an important COVID-19 vaccine platform to combat surging infections caused by the highly immune evasive BA.4/5 variants. SCTV01E is currently being studied in a head-to-head immunogenicity comparison phase 3 clinical study with inactivated and mRNA vaccines (NCT05323461).

The hydrogen-induced plastic loss behavior of titanium alloys is often reported, but there are relatively few studies on high-strength aluminum alloys. In this article, the hydrogen-induced plastic damage behavior of 7085-T7651 high-strength aluminum alloy was investigated using a tensile specimen with pre-charging hydrogen, and the microstructure was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results showed that 7085-T7651 high-strength aluminum alloy material has certain hydrogen embrittlement sensitivities, and with the increase of hydrogen-charging time, the hydrogen content and sensitivity of the material increases significantly. For the first time, the theoretical analysis and intuitive quantitative characterization of the hydrogen-induced plastic loss behavior mechanism on 7085-T7651 high-strength aluminum alloy is stated as the formation of Mg and H segregation formed at the crystal boundary, which will result in the weakening of the crystal boundary.

BackgroundFinerenone and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the relative efficacy has not been determined.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched for relevant cardiovascular or renal outcome trials of SGLT2i or finerenone. The end points were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), nonfatal stroke (NS), myocardial infarction (MI), hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), cardiovascular death (CVD), and renal composite outcome (RCO). Network meta-analysis was performed using Bayesian networks to obtain pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The probability values for ranking active and placebo interventions were calculated using cumulative ranking curves.Results1024 articles were searched, and only 9 studies were screened and included in this meta-analysis with 71793 randomized participants. Sotagliflozin (HR 0.72 95%CI 0.59-0.88, SUCAR=0.93) and canagliflozin (HR 0.80 95%CI 0.67-0.97, SUCAR=0.73) can significantly reduce the risk of MACE compared with placebo. Canagliflozin (HR 0.64 95%CI 0.48-0.86, SUCAR=0.73), sotagliflozin (HR 0.66 95%CI 0.50-0.87, SUCAR=0.69) and empagliflozin (HR 0.65 95%CI 0.43-0.98, SUCAR=0.68) can significantly reduce the risk of HHF compared with placebo. Empagliflozin (HR 0.62 95%CI 0.43-0.89, SUCAR=0.96) can significantly reduce the risk of CVD compared with placebo. Empagliflozin (HR 0.61 95%CI 0.39-0.96, SUCAR=0.74), canagliflozin (HR 0.66 95%CI 0.46-0.92, SUCAR=0.63), and dapagliflozin (HR 0.53 95%CI 0.32-0.85, SUCAR=0.88) can significantly reduce the risk of RCO compared with placebo. Finerenone has reduced the risk of MACE, MI, HHF, CVD and RCO to varying degrees, but they do not show significant difference from placebo and each SGLT2i.ConclusionBoth SGLT2i and finerenone could reduce the risk of MACE, HHF, MI, CVD, RCO. Finerenone has no obvious advantage than SGLT2i on the effects of cardiovascular and renal protective.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022375092.

Two novel CdS- and Cr-doped CdS nanostructures, including nanoparticles and nanoparticles, were successfully synthesized by solvothermal reaction with hydrazine hydrate (HHA), ethylene glycol (EG), ethylenediamine (EN) and ethanolamine (EA) as mixed solvents in different sulfur and cadmium sources. The structure, morphology and properties of the products were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The morphology of the Cr-doped CdS nanostructures was nanorod, with an average diameter of 70–90[Formula: see text]nm and lengths of 1–2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The product was observed to be composed of S, Cd and Cr by EDS. The VSM tests demonstrated that the Cr-doped CdS nanorods had super strong ferromagnetism at room temperature, while pure CdS nanorods were weak ferromagnetism. The results confirmed that the prepared the Cr-doped CdS nanorods had ferromagnetism at room temperature, and the saturation magnetization [Formula: see text] was approximately 9.125 (10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]emu/g), the coercivity of [Formula: see text] was approximately 139.22[Formula: see text]Oe.

P53, a well-known tumor suppressor, has been confirmed to regulate the infection of various viruses, including chicken viruses. Our previous study observed antiviral effect of p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) on the infection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), one of the major avian viruses economically significant to the poultry industry globally. However, the potential link between this antiviral effect of PFT-α and p53 remains unclear. Using chicken LMH cell line which is permissive for ILTV infection as model, we explore the effects of p53 on ILTV replication and its underlying molecular mechanism based on genome-wide transcriptome analysis of genes with p53 binding sites. The putative p53 target genes were validated by ChIP-qPCR and RT-qPCR. Results demonstrated that, consistent with the effects of PFT-α on ILTV replication we previously reported, knockdown of p53 repressed viral gene transcription and the genome replication of ILTV effectively. The production of infectious virions was also suppressed significantly by p53 knockdown. Further bioinformatic analysis of genes with p53 binding sites revealed extensive repression of these putative p53 target genes enriched in the metabolic processes, especially nucleotide metabolism and ATP synthesis, upon p53 repression by PFT-α in ILTV infected LMH cells. Among these genes, eighteen were involved in nucleotide metabolism and ATP synthesis. Then eight of the 18 genes were selected randomly for validations, all of which were successfully identified as p53 target genes. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms through which p53 controls ILTV infection, meanwhile expand our knowledge of chicken p53 target genes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary coated lysozyme on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant activity, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal permeability, and the cecal microbiota in weaned piglets. In total, 144 weaned Large White × Landrace piglets were divided into six treatment groups, with 3 replicates and 8 piglets per replicate: CN, a basal diet; CL-L, CL-M, and CL-H, basal diet supplemented with 100, 150, 500 mg/kg coated lysozyme; UL, basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg lysozyme; and Abs, basal diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg guitaromycin for 6 weeks. Compared with the CN and UL diets, dietary CL-H inclusion increased the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed/gain (F/G) ratio of piglets (p < 0.05). The addition of 500 mg/kg coated lysozyme to the diet significantly increased the total protein (TP) and globulin (Glob) plasma levels of weaned piglets (p < 0.05). Supplementation with 500 mg/kg coated lysozyme significantly increased the serum IgM concentration and increased lipase activity in the duodenum (p < 0.05). The addition of coated lysozyme and lysozyme significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels all increased (p < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing results showed that CL-H treatment effectively improved the intestinal microbiome. The relative abundance of Terrisporobacter in the CL-H and CL-M groups was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). LEfSe analysis results showed that the relative abundance of Coprococcus_3 was higher in the CL-M treatment group. The marker species added to the CL-H treatment group was Anaerofilum. In summary, as a potential substitute for feed antibiotics, lysozyme is directly used as a dietary additive, which is inefficient. Therefore, we used palm oil as the main coating material to coat lysozyme. Lysozyme after coating can more effectively improve the growth performance of piglets by improving the intestinal flora, improving the activity of digestive enzymes, reducing the damage to intestinal permeability and oxidative stress in piglets caused by weaning stress, and improving the immunity of piglets.

In this paper, we study the regularized Huber regression algorithm in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), which is applicable to both fully supervised and semi-supervised learning schemes. Our focus in the work is two-fold: first, we provide the convergence properties of the algorithm with fully supervised data. We establish optimal convergence rates in the minimax sense when the regression function lies in RKHSs. Second, we improve the learning performance of the Huber regression algorithm by a semi-supervised method. We show that, with sufficient unlabeled data, the minimax optimal rates can be retained if the regression function is out of RKHSs.

Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces in 2000–2018, this paper measures the green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) of China with the super-slack-based measure (Super-SBM) model. Then, the spatial correlation of provincial GTFEEs was analyzed, a spatial econometric model was established based on the panel data, and was used to empirically verify the effect of financial agglomeration, technological innovation, and financial agglomeration and technological innovation interaction on GTFEE. The results show that: in the sample period, most Chinese provinces had a low GTFEE, and the low-GTFEE provinces mainly belong to inland area; only a few eastern coastal provinces achieved a satisfactory GTFEE. China and its three regions exhibited similar trends of GTFEE. By mean GTFEE, eastern region ranked the highest, followed by central region; the western region came at the bottom. The Global Moran’s I values show strong spatial correlations between provincial GTFEEs, that is, adjacent provinces often have similar GTFEEs, and the provinces tend to cluster in terms of GTFEE. According to the spatial econometric model, GTFEE is significantly inhibited by financial agglomeration, but significantly promoted by technological innovation. GTFEE is not clearly affected by financial agglomeration and technological innovation interaction. Opening up has a significant positive impact on GTFEE, while industrial structure, energy structure and environmental regulation have a significant negative impact on GTFEE.

Recently, with an increase in Internet usage, users of online social networks (OSNs) have increased. Consequently, privacy leakage has become more serious. However, few studies have investigated the difference between privacy and actual behaviors. In particular, users' desire to change their privacy status is not supported by their privacy literacy. Presenting an accurate measurement of users' privacy status can cultivate the privacy literacy of users. However, the highly interactive nature of interpersonal communication on OSNs has promoted privacy to be viewed as a communal issue. As a large number of redundant users on social networks are unrelated to the user's privacy, existing algorithms are no longer applicable. To solve this problem, we propose a structural similarity measurement method suitable for the characteristics of social networks. The proposed method excludes redundant users and combines the attribute information to measure the privacy status of users. Using this approach, users can intuitively recognize their privacy status on OSNs. Experiments using real data show that our method can effectively and accurately help users improve their privacy disclosures.

Given the goal of reducing emissions and saving energy, an increasing number of transit agencies have proposed electrification plans for public transport buses. The two fundamental challenges to ad...

Aimed at the characteristics of aeolian sand under rapid construction conditions in desert geotechnical engineering, a series of the true triaxial undrained test were carried out on the GDS apparatus. The 3D deformation, failure, and other characteristics of the dense sand are obtained. Under the condition of same p c , the state transition point where the void water pressure changes from increasing to decreasing appears earlier and leads to enhanced dilatancy with the increase of b, which means the enhanced dilatancy of dense sand caused the increase in strength. The results of the same b shows that the void water pressure generally indicates a decrease at low confining pressure and an increase at high confining pressure, indicating that the aeolian sand shows dilatancy at low confining pressure and contraction at high confining pressure. The state transition point increases with the increase of p c , but all points tend to the same critical state line and state transition line. When b = 0, the critical state line is q = 1.57 p ′ , and the state transition line is q = 1.23 p ′ . When b = 1, the critical state line is q = 1.24 p ′ , and the state transition line is q = 1.04 p ′ . The results at same b obtained the unified critical state line and the state transition line. Therefore, the true triaxial test can obtain the unified relationship of void ratio, p c and b, which overcomes the fact that the existing test cannot consider the influence of b. The test results provide a basis data for the design, construction, and maintenance of geotechnical engineering in Tengger Desert.

Background and Aims Sleep disturbances are a severe problem among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). By evaluating sleep quality in mild-to-moderate AD patients, this study aimed to assess the effects of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) in reducing the incidence of adverse reactions of AD patients. The reduction in the incidence of adverse reactions to predict multi-disciplinary team (MDT) treatment effects. Methods and Results This study included 60 mild-to-moderate AD patients with sleep problems when hospitalized in Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital. The patients were randomly distributed into two groups, routine and MDT treatments. The cognitive functions, sleep conditions, and psycho-behavioral symptoms were compared between both the groups. Cognitive function declined significantly between pretherapy and follow-up in the routine treatment group (MMSE: t = −7.961, P 2 = 4.320, P = 0.038). Sleep quality improved significantly during the follow-up in the MDT treatment group (t = 6.098, P Conclusion The MDT treatment method as an effective and meaningful therapy can help mitigate the suffering of patients with AD and FCGs.

The conditional power prior is a popular method to borrow information from a single prior data source. The amount of borrowing is controlled by the power parameter which is fixed before running the new study. However, fixing this parameter before running a new study is often difficult and may be unwise because if the outcomes in the current study are much different from the prior data outcomes, the power parameter cannot be changed to reflect a more appropriate degree of borrowing. On the other hand, treating the power parameter as a random variable to be updated via Bayes theorem may relinquish control over how much to borrow in cases where regulatory oversight recommends a conservative approach.Previous authors have determined the power parameter at the end of the current study based on "stochastic" similarity in the outcomes between the current study and the prior data. In this paper, we introduce some modifications to those methods. First, we determine the power parameter based on similarity between a percentage of the current study outcome data available at an interim look and the prior outcome data. This may limit potential for operational bias resulting from the determination of the power parameter after the current study is complete. Next, we introduce a new measure of similarity between the current (interim) and prior data that limits similarity by a pre-specified clinical margin. The proposed clinical similarity region may be readily understood by clinicians who need to assess when such borrowing is clinically appropriate. Through simulations, we show that our approach has low bias and good power, while reducing type I error rate in areas outside of the "similarity region". An example of a hypothetical medical device study illustrates its potential use in practice.

We develop a new general purpose variational formulation, particularly suitable for solving boundary value problems of orders greater than two. The functional related to this variational formulation requires only Η1 regularity in order to be well-defined. Using the finite element method based on this new formulation thus becomes simple even for domains in dimensions greater than one. We prove that a saddle-point solution to the new variational formulation is a weak solution to the associated boundary value problem. We also prove the convergence of the numerical methods used to find approximate solutions to the new formulation. We provide numerical tests to demonstrate the efficacy of this new paradigm.

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining host health, and conversely, disorders potentially lead to dysbiosis, an imbalance in the composition of the gut microbial community. Intervention approaches, such as medications, diets, and several others, also alter the gut microbiota in either a beneficial or harmful direction. In 2020, the gutMDisorder was developed to facilitate researchers in the investigation of dysbiosis of gut microbes as occurs in various disorders as well as with therapeutic interventions. The database has been updated this year, following revision of previous publications and newly published reports to manually integrate confirmed associations under multitudinous conditions. Additionally, the microbial contents of downloaded gut microbial raw sequencing data were annotated, the metadata of the corresponding hosts were manually curated, and the interactive charts were developed to enhance visualization. The improvements have assembled into gutMDisorder v2.0, a more advanced search engine and an upgraded web interface, which can be freely accessed via http://bio-annotation.cn/gutMDisorder/.

Background: The retrospective study was conducted to compare the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for localized ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) by evaluating clinical and radiologic outcomes. Methods: We reviewed 151 patients to assess the effects of treatment for localized OPLL. Perioperative parameters, such as blood loss, operation time and complications, were recorded. Radiologic outcomes, such as the occupying ratio (OR), fusion status,cervical lordosis angle, segmental angle, disc space height,T1 slope, and C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), were assessed. Clinical indices, such as the JOA scores and VAS scores, were investigated to compare the two surgical options. Results: There were no significant differences in the JOA scores or VAS scores between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, volume of blood loss and incidence of dysphagia were significantly less in the ACDF group than in the ACCF group(PConclusion: Although both options achieved satisfactory primary clinical and radiographic efficacies, ACDF was associated with a shorter surgical procedure, less volume of intraoperativeblood loss, better radiologic outcomes and lower incidenceof dysphagia than ACCF.

III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibit an injection-dependent emission blueshift and linewidth broadening that is severely detrimental to their color purity. Using first-principles multi-scale modelling that accurately captures the competition between polarization-charge screening, phase-space filling, and many-body plasma renormalization, we explain the current-dependent spectral characteristics of polar III-nitride LEDs fabricated with state-of-the-art quantum wells. Our analysis uncovers a fundamental connection between carrier dynamics and the injection-dependent spectral characteristics of light-emitting materials. For example, polar III-nitride LEDs offer poor control over their injection-dependent color purity due to their poor hole transport and slow carrier recombination dynamics, which forces them to operate at or near degenerate carrier densities. Designs that accelerate carrier recombination and transport and reduce the carrier density required to operate LEDs at a given current density lessen their injection-dependent wavelength shift and linewidth broadening., Supplementary material attached at the end of the document

Studies have shown that illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT) are strongly correlated with body responses such as circadian rhythm, alertness, and mood. It is worth noting that these responses show a complex and variable coupling, which needs to be solved using accurate mathematical models for the regulation of indoor light parameters. Therefore, in this study, by weighing the evaluations of visual comfort, alertness, valence, and arousal of mood, a multi-objective optimisation mathematical model was developed with constraints conducive to the healthy rhythm. The problem was solved with the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on the decomposition differential evolution (MOEA/D-DE) algorithm. Taking educational space as the analysis goal, a dual-parameter setting strategy for illuminance and CCT covering four modes was proposed: focused learning, comfortable learning, soothing learning, and resting state, which could provide a scientific basis for the regulation of the lighting control system. The alertness during class time reached 3.01 compared to 2.34 during break time, showing a good light facilitation effect. The proposed mathematical model and analysis method also have the potential for application in the lighting design and control in other spaces to meet the era of intelligent, highly flexible, and sustainable buildings.

The complete genome sequence of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), isolated from diseased passion fruit (Passiflora edulia) in Fujian Province, China (TuMV-FJ) was determined. The viral genome was found to be 9,833 nucleotides in length excluding the poly(A) tail and to encode a polyprotein of 3164 amino acids, which was predicted to be cleaved into ten functional proteins by viral proteases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that TuMV-FJ had closest phylogenetic relationship to BJ-B01, an isolate from Brassica oleracea in the world-B phylogenetic group of TuMV. Sequence analysis showed that TuMV-FJ shared more than 94% nucleotide and amino acid identities with BJ-B01. These results suggest that TuMV-FJ is a novel isolate of TuMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete genome sequence of TuMV infecting P. edulia.

A visual dialog task entails an agent engaging in a multiple round conversation about an image. Notably, one of the main issues is capturing the semantic associations of multiple inputs, such as the questions, dialog history, and image features. Many of the techniques use a token or a sentence granularity semantic representation of the question and dialog history to model semantic associations; however, they do not perform collaborative modeling, which limits their efficacy. To overcome this limitation, we propose a multi-granularity semantic collaborative reasoning network to properly support a visual dialog. It employs different granularity semantic representations of the question and dialog history to collaboratively identify the relevant information from multiple inputs based on attention mechanisms. Specifically, the proposed method collaboratively reasons the question-related information from the dialog history based on its granular semantic representations. Then, it collaboratively locates the question-related visual objects in the image by leveraging refined question representations. The experimental results conducted on the VisDial v.1.0 dataset verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing the improvements of the best normalized discounted cumulative gain score from 59.37 to 60.98 with a single model, from 60.92 to 62.25 with ensemble models, and from 63.15 to 64.13 with performing multitask learning.

Grafting is commonly used to enhance the quality and confer biotic or abiotic stress tolerance to plants. There is, however, no clear understanding of how grafted eggplant responds to cold stress. Here, four grafting combinations of eggplant from cold-sensitive line J55 and cold-resistant line J65 were subjected to morpho-physiological experiments and transcriptome sequencing to compare their responses to cold stress. After being subjected to cold stress, a total of 5883,6608,6867 and 5815 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in J55-J55L0_vs_J55-J55L1 (C0), J55-J65_vs_J55-J65L1 (T2), J65-J55_vs_J65-J55L1 (T1), and J65-J65_vs_J65-J65L1 (C1), respectively. When comparing C0 and C1, there exist 4580 specifical DEGs which were differentially expressed either in C0 or C1 (C0_vs_C1), these DEGs are more likely to induce the difference of the two grafted combinations. There is a total of 5583 specifical DEGs in C0_vs_T1 and 5209 specifical DEGs in C0_vs_T2, respectively. GO functional analysis found specifical DEGs mainly enriched the cell and membrane, catalytic activity, metabolic process, and cellular process, which was the same in comparison to heterografted and self-grafted eggplant in C0_vs_C1, C0_vs_T1 and C0_vs_T2. KEGG analysis showed that the specifical DEGs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction in C0_vs_C1, C0_vs_T1, and C0_vs_T2. Therefore, we screened ten candidate genes associated with AUX/IAA, salicylic acid and other hormone regulations that were differentially expressed in C0_vs_C1 C0_vs_T1, and C0_vs_T2. We believe that plant hormones play a vital role in regulating the cold tolerance of grafted eggplant. We also found that 22 DEGs enriched in arginine and proline metabolism in comparison to self-and hetero-grafted eggplant C0 and T1, predicted that putrescine biosynthesis plays a certain role in improving the cold resistance of eggplant by heterologous grafting. Meanwhile, by the comparison of specifical DEGs on C0_vs_C1 and C0_vs_T2, the DEGs enriched in a similar KEGG pathway, it is considered that the better cold tolerance of J65 as a scion has a more important effect on the cold resistance of eggplant.

Intestinal microbiota play an important role in the survival of the host. However, no study to date has elucidated the adjustment of intestinal microbiota of the host during rewilding. Thus, this study aims to describe the intestinal bacterial community of reintroduced Przewalski's horse (RPH) after being released into their original habitat for approximately 20 years in comparison with that of captive Przewalski's horse (CPH), sympatric domestic horse (DH) and Mongolian wild ass (MWA) by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that the prevalent bacterial communities were different among CPHs, RPHs, DHs and MWAs at the family level. NMDS and ANOSIM analysis showed that the pattern of bacterial community composition in captive equines was distinct from that in the wild groups. It is shown that some bacteria had significant differences among different taxa (

Copper mineralization at the Pulang (PL) super large porphyry deposit, Langdu (LD) medium-sized porphyry-skarn deposit and Songnuo (SN) porphyry prospect, Zhongdian Island, northwest Yunnan, China, is closely related to the emplacement of quartz monzonite porphyries. The chemical composition of biotite and apatite from those porphyries were analyzed to constrain the halogen fugacity and its control on mineralization. Our electron microprobe data show that biotites from PL deposit have higher MgO, SiO2, TiO2 and F content than that from LD or SN. In comparison to LD and SN, PL also display higher Mg (apfu) value and lower AlⅥ (apfu) in bitotite and higher F content but lower SO3 content and Ce2O3/ Y2O3 ratio in apatite. Application of Ti in biotite thermometry and apatite-biotite geothermometer shows that the crystallization temperature of biotite from PL is higher than that from SN or LD. The results suggest that oxygen fugacity and the magmatic sulfur and H2O contents couldn’t efficiently distinct PL from LD and SN. However, the halogen chemistry of biotite from PL is distinctly different from that from LD or SN by its lower IV (F), indicating that mineralized quartz monzonite porphyries from PL is formed in the late magmatic stage than that from LD and SN. And the mineralized porphyries display a remarkable negative linear (r = -0.96) in the ratio of log (f HF/f HCl) and log (f H2O/f HF), which can effectively distinguish PL from LD and SN. Compared with other porphyry Cu systems, only in mineralized systems, there is a remarkable positive linear relationship between IV (Cl) and log (f H2O/f HCl) ratios. Besides, the linear slope and intercept for log (f H2O/f HCl) ratios and IV (Cl) of biotite from potassic and phyllic alteration zone is significantly higher than those from other parts of the porphyries.