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Blacus (Contochorus) capillosus sp. nov. (Figs 1–2) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, China, Shaanxi, Qinling, Tiantai Mtn, 4.IX.1999, Chen Xuexin, No. 991398 (ZJUH). Paratype: 1♀, China, Shaanxi, Qinling, Tiantai Mtn, 3.IX.1999, He Junhua, No. 990176 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 2.4 mm, length of fore wing 2.35 mm. Body setosity. Body with dense setae, although sparser on mesopleuron. Head. Width of head in dorsal view 1.4 × its length (Fig. 2A); antennomeres 16 (Fig. 2C); length of first flagellomere 1.3 × length of second flagellomere; length of first, second and penultimate flagellomeres 4.6, 4.2 and 1.6 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.0 × height of head; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 22:9:11; eyes with short dense setae (Fig. 2A); length of eye in dorsal view 0.85 × length of temple; occiput almost level (Fig. 2A); face with dense setae; temple with dense setae; malar suture present, length of malar space 1.75 × basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.45 × its height; pronotal sides coarsely reticulate ventrally, dorsally smooth; area behind prepectal carina less conspicuously crenulate (Fig. 2E); precoxal sulcus narrow, with a few very short crenulae (Fig. 2E); notauli absent (Fig. 2D), without transverse carinae anteriorly; scutellar sulcus with medio-longitudinal carina (Fig. 2D); scutellum smooth, its lateral carina present, not protruding apically; surface of propodeum smooth between carinae, its medial area rectangular (Fig. 2F). Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell widely truncate anteriorly (Fig. 2H); vein r 1.2 × longer than maximum width of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 13:21 (Fig. 2H). Legs. Hind coxa smooth, but with a distinct carina dorsally (Fig. 2F); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.2, 9.9 and 11.0 × their width, respectively; fore and mid claws with bristles (Figs 2I, 2J). Metasoma. Length of first tergite 2.6 × its apical width, almost parallel-sided, its surface rugulose, dorsal carinae complete (Fig. 2F); second tergite rugose; length of ovipositor sheath 0.10 × as long as fore wing. Colour. Body reddish-brown; palpi, mandible, tegulae, fore and middle legs, hind coxa and trochanter yellow; pterostigma, parastigma, veins, ovipositor, ovipositor sheath and all basitarsus brown; bristles of fore and mid claws blackish; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Variation. Length of first tergite 2.4–2.6 × its apical width. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Etymology. The specific name capillosus refers to the setose body and is derived from “ capillosus ” (Latin for hairy). Notes. The new species is similar to B. (C). turbidus Papp, 1985. Both species have medial area of propodeum rectangular, first discal cell of fore wing widely truncate anteriorly, and area behind prepectal carina less conspicuously crenulate than B. (C). mellitarsis and B. (C). epomidus but B. (C). capillosus differ by having 16 antennomeres of female (21–23 in B. (C). turbidus), lateral carina of scutellum not protruding apically (strongly protruding apically in B. (C). turbidus), mid claws of female with blackish bristles (only setose in B. (C). turbidus), length of eye of ♀ in dorsal view 0.85 × temple (1.3–1.6 × in B. (C). turbidus) and notauli absent (complete in B. (C). turbidus)., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Contochorus van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, pp. 277-287 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 278-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/8058845, {"references":["Papp, J. (1985) Three new Blacus Nees, 1818 species from India (Hym., Braconidae: Blacinae). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, Zoology, 77, 227 - 232."]}

Blacus (Contochorus) planus sp. nov. (Figs 5–6) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, China, Hunan, Shimen, Huping Mtn, Xiangbizigou, 8.VII.2009, Ma Li, No. 200903023 (ZJUH). Paratype: 1♀, China, Zhejiang, Anji, Longwang Mtn, 21.VII.1995, Wu Hong, No. 971319 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 2.1 mm, length of fore wing 1.8 mm. Body setosity. Body with long pubescence, pubescence on head, side of pronotum and mesopleuron sparser than on remainder of body. Head. Head longitudinal and flat in dorsal view, width of head in dorsal view 1.1 × its length (Fig. 6A); antennomeres 16 (Fig. 6C); length of first flagellomere 1.2 × length of second flagellomere; length of first, second and penultimate flagellomeres 4.0, 3.3 and 1.4 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 × height of head; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 16:6:7; eyes with short sparse setae (Fig. 6A); length of eye in dorsal view 0.8 × length of temple; occiput concave (Fig. 6A); face with dense long pubescence; temple smooth; malar suture weakly developed, length of malar space 1.5 × basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5 × its height; pronotal sides coarsely reticulate ventrally, dorsally smooth; area behind prepectal carina less conspicuously crenulate (Fig. 6E); precoxal sulcus narrow, with short crenulae (Fig. 6E); notauli absent posteriorly (Fig. 6D), impressed and crenulate anteriorly (Fig. 6D), without transverse carinae anteriorly; scutellar sulcus with medio-longitudinal carina (Fig. 6D); scutellum smooth, its lateral carina lamelliform, not protruding apically; surface of propodeum smooth between carinae, its medial area almost rectangular (Fig. 6F). Wings. Fore wing: first discal cell widely truncate anteriorly (Fig. 6I); vein r 0.6 × as long as maximum width of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 1:3. Legs. Hind coxa smooth, but with a distinct carina dorsally (Figs 6G, 6H); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 9.1 and 8.4 × their width, respectively; fore and mid claws with bristles (Figs 6J, 6L). Metasoma. Length of first tergite 2.9 × its apical width, parallel-sided, its surface rugulose, dorsal carinae complete (Fig. 6G); second tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.13 × fore wing. Colour. Reddish-brown; palpi, mandible, tegulae, three basal segments of antenna, fore and middle legs, hind coxa and trochanter yellow; remainder of antenna, pterostigma, parastigma, veins, ovipositor, ovipositor sheath and all basitarsi brown; bristles of fore and mid claws blackish; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Variation. Precoxal sulcus with short to medium-sized striae. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Hunan, Zhejiang). Etymology. The specific name planus refers to the rather flattened head and is derived from “ planus ” (Latin for flat). Notes. The new species is similar to B. (C). glaber van Achterberg, 1976.In both species the middle lobe of the mesoscutum lacks the strong carinae anteriorly, lateral carina of scutellum not strongly protruding apically, and middle claws with blackish bristles, but the two species differ by having 16 antennomeres of ♀ (17 in B. (C). glaber), notauli incomplete (complete in B. (C). glaber), medial area of propodeum rectangular and somewhat longer than wide (quadrangular, its height subequal to its width in B. (C). glaber), width of head in dorsal view 1.1 × its length (1.4 × in B. (C). glaber), length of eye in dorsal view 0.8 × length of temple (1.1 × in B. (C). glaber) and length of hind femur 5.0 × its width (7.0 × in B. (C). glaber).

Blacus (Contochorus) turbidus Papp, 1985 (Figs 7–8) Blacus (Ganychorus) turbidus Papp, 1985: 229. Blacus (Contochorus) turbidus: van Achterberg, 1988: 78; Papp, 1993: 159; Ahmad & Ahmed, 2008: 84. Material examined. 3♀♀, China, Hainan, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 25. XI.2008, Wang Manman, No. 200903082; Tan Jiangli, No. 200903085; Bawangling, 26.XI.2008, Wang Manman, No. 200805647; 1♀, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 28.XI.1993, Fan Xiang, No. 940417 (ZJUH). Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan); India; Nepal; Thailand. New record for China., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Contochorus van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, pp. 277-287 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 285-287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/8058845, {"references":["Papp, J. (1985) Three new Blacus Nees, 1818 species from India (Hym., Braconidae: Blacinae). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, Zoology, 77, 227 - 232.","van Achterberg, C. (1988) Revision of the subfamily Blacinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 249, 1 - 324.","Papp, J. (1993) New braconid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, 4. Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, 84, 155 - 180.","Ahmad, Z. & Ahmed, Z. (2008) Description of a new species of the genus Blacus Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), along with a key to Indian species. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 105 (1), 84 - 85."]}

Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu, Chen, Xue-Xin (2023): The discovery of the subgenus Contochorus van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China. Zootaxa 5306 (2): 277-287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.7

Key to world species of subgenus Contochorus van Achterberg 1 Posterior half of notauli absent (Figs 2D, 6D); antennomeres of ♀ 16; length of eye of ♀ in dorsal view 0.8 × length of temple.............................................................................................. 2 - Posterior half of notauli complete (Figs 4D, 8D); antennomeres of ♀ 17–23; length of eye of ♀ in dorsal view 1.1–2.1 × length of temple............................................................................................ 3 2 Vein r of fore wing much shorter than maximum width of pterostigma (Fig. 6I); third antennomere yellow; head longitudinal and flat in dorsal view, width of head in dorsal view 1.1 × its length; notauli present anteriorly; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing 3 × longer than vein 1-CU1 (Fig. 6I); second tergite smooth...................................... B. ( C.) planus sp. nov. - Vein r of fore wing about as long as maximum width of pterostigma (Fig. 2H); third antennomere dark brown; width of head in dorsal view 1.4 × its length; notauli absent anteriorly; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing 1.6 × longer than vein 1-CU1 (Fig. 2H); second tergite rugose.................................................................... B. ( C.) capillosus sp. nov. 3 Antennomeres of ♀ 17; notauli anteriorly smooth, without transverse carinae; middle claw of ♀ with blackish bristles; medial area of propodeum quadrangular, its height subequal to its width; width of head in dorsal view 1.4 × its length; lateral carina of scutellum slightly protruding apically........................................ B. ( C.) glaber van Achterberg, 1976 - Antennomeres of ♀ 21–23; notauli with two transverse carinae anteriorly; middle claw of ♀ without blackish bristles; medial area of propodeum rectangular somewhat longer than wide; head transverse and flat in dorsal view, width of head in dorsal view 1.6–1.8 × its length; lateral carina of scutellum strongly protruding apically....................................... 4 4 First discal cell of fore wing widely truncate anteriorly; length of eye of ♀ in dorsal view 1.3–1.6 × length of temple; notauli comparatively narrow (Fig. 8D); area behind prepectal carina less conspicuously crenulate..... B. ( C.) turbidus Papp, 1985 - First discal cell of fore wing narrowly truncate anteriorly; length of eye of ♀ in dorsal view 1.7–2.1 × length of temple; notauli comparatively wide (Fig. 4D); conspicuously crenulate behind prepectal carina.................................... 5 5 Vein M+CU of hind wing shorter than vein 1-M; notauli widened anteriorly; eye of ♀ in dorsal view 2.0–2.1 × length of temple; hind tarsus of ♀ somewhat shorter than hind tibia; tarsi (pale) brownish-yellow....................................................................................................... B. ( C.) mellitarsis van Achterberg, 1988 - Vein M+CU of hind wing subequal to vein 1-M; notauli evenly wide anteriorly and posteriorly; eye of ♀ in dorsal view approx. 1.7 × length of temple; hind tarsus of ♀ as long as hind tibia; tarsi whitish-yellow...................................................................................................... B. ( C.) epomidus van Achterberg, 1988, Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Contochorus van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, pp. 277-287 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/8058845, {"references":["van Achterberg, C. (1976) A revision of the tribus Blacini (Hym., Braconidae, Helconinae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 118, 159 - 322.","Papp, J. (1985) Three new Blacus Nees, 1818 species from India (Hym., Braconidae: Blacinae). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici, Zoology, 77, 227 - 232.","van Achterberg, C. (1988) Revision of the subfamily Blacinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 249, 1 - 324."]}

Blacus (Contochorus) mellitarsis van Achterberg, 1988 (Figs 3–4) Blacus (Contochorus) mellitarsis van Achterberg, 1988: 77. Material examined. 1 ♀, China, Hainan, Diaoluo Mtn., 16–17. XII.2006, Weng Liqiong, No. 200802539 (ZJUH). Distribution. China (Hainan); Indonesia. New record for China., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Contochorus van Achterberg, 1976 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, pp. 277-287 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/8058845, {"references":["van Achterberg, C. (1988) Revision of the subfamily Blacinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 249, 1 - 324."]}

Cognitive dysfunction is a significant, untreated clinical need in patients with psychiatric disorders, for which preclinical studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Early-life stress (ELS) leads to long-lasting deficits of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in adult mice, which may be associated with the hypofunction of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). In this study, we carried out eight experiments using male mice to examine the causal involvement of the BDNF-TrkB pathway in dentate gyrus (DG) and the therapeutic effects of the TrkB agonist (7,8-DHF) in ELS-induced cognitive deficits. Adopting the limited nesting and bedding material paradigm, we first demonstrated that ELS impaired spatial memory, suppressed BDNF expression and neurogenesis in the DG in adult mice. Downregulating BDNF expression (conditional BDNF knockdown) or inhibition of the TrkB receptor (using its antagonist ANA-12) in the DG mimicked the cognitive deficits of ELS. Acute upregulation of BDNF (exogenous human recombinant BDNF microinjection) levels or activation of TrkB receptor (using its agonist, 7,8-DHF) in the DG restored ELS-induced spatial memory loss. Finally, acute and subchronic systemic administration of 7,8-DHF successfully restored spatial memory loss in stressed mice. Subchronic 7,8-DHF treatment also reversed ELS-induced neurogenesis reduction. Our findings highlight BDNF-TrkB system as the molecular target of ELS-induced spatial memory deficits and provide translational evidence for the intervention at this system in the treatment of cognitive deficits in stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder.

Blacus (Hysterobolus) xui sp. nov. (Figs. 15–16) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, Guangdong, Fuyuan, Nanling, 4.VIII.2004, Xu Zaifu, No. 20049864 (ZJUH). Paratypes: 3 ♀♀, Guangdong, Fuyuan, Nanling, 4.VIII.2004, Xu Zaifu, No. 20049813, 20049819, 20049936 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 2.9 mm, length of fore wing 2.4 mm. Body setosity. Body with long pubescence, pubescence on propodeum denser than the remainder. Head. Antennomeres 19; length of first flagellomere 1.7 × second flagellomere; length of first, second, penultimate and terminal flagellomere 4.75, 2.5, 1.5 and 2.7 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.0 × height of head; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 11:4:5; frons smooth, with a longitudinal groove in upper second; eyes with short setose, sparse; length of eye in dorsal view 1.0 × temple; occiput concave; face transversely rugose; temple smooth; clypeus convex, slightly punctate, smooth; width of clypeus 2.6 × its medial height; tentorial pits large, distance between pits 2.1 × distance from pit to eye; malar suture absent, length of malar space 2.4 × basal width of mandible, mandible with long setae. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4 × its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, remainder coarsely reticulate; precoxal sulcus wide, with long striae, reaching the anterior edge of mesopleuron; notauli complete, wide and crenulate; mesoscutal lobes rather convex, with long and soft pubescence; scutellar sulcus with distinct median carina and four carinae on both sides; scutellum reticulate, its lateral carina lamelliform; propodeal tubercles small, obtuse apically, lateral apical angle slightly less than 90°; surface of propodeum rugulose. Wings. Fore wing: parastigma small; length of pterostigma 3.5 × its maximum width; length of vein r 1.1 × width of pterostigma; vein r arising from apical of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 4:5. Hind wing: 1r-m:1-M = 19:25; M+CU subequal to1-M; 2-1A present and short, slightly branched down. Legs. Hind coxa coarsely rugose dorsally, with distinct dorsal carina; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.8, 8.9 and 8.0 × their width, respectively; fore tarsal claws with brownish bristles. Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.8 × its apical width, widened apically, longitudinally rugose, dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.6; remainder of tergites smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.21 × length of fore wing. Colour. Brown; dorsal head (stemmaticum darker), scapus and dark brown; palpi, labrum, tegulae, fore and middle legs yellow; several basal flagellomeres brown, gradually paler towards apex, but several apical flagellomeres dark brown; parastigma and pterostigma basally white; scutellum reddish-brown; most mesoscutum black, partly yellowish-red; mesopleuron, propodeum and metasomal first tergite black; remainder of metasomal, ovipositor and sheath, veins and pterostigma brown; hind leg blackish-brown; all basitarsi apically brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Variation. Length of first tergite 1.7–1.8 × its apical width; length of apical flagellomeres 2.7–2.9 × their width, dorsal head dark brown to blackish; most mesoscutum dark brown to black, partly yellowish-red to reddish-brown; hind leg dark brown to blackish-brown. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Guangdong). Etymology. The specific name refers to the collector of the species, the late Prof. Zai-fu Xu, who was a wellknown specialist of Chrysidoidea. Notes. The new species is similar to B. (H.) fuscitibialis van Achterberg,1988 because the scutellum is coarsely rugose, the hind tibia infuscated medially, the first metasomal tergite widened apically, the face transversely rugose, length of eye in dorsal view approx. 1.1 times temple, and fore claw with brownish bristles, but differs by having the precoxal sulcus with long striae (with a few medium-sized striae in B. fuscitibialis), dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.6 of first tergite (basal 0.7), length of ovipositor sheath 0.21 × length of fore wing (0.18 ×), vein 2-SR of the fore wing 1.9 × longer than vein r (1.6 x), vein 1-CU1 oblique and nearly as long as vein 2-CU1 (horizontal and shorter than vein 2-CU1), and most of mesoscutum dark brown to black (mesoscutum reddish-brown)., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, with description of nine new species, pp. 472-498 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on pages 491-495, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7961330

Blacus (Hysterobolus) niger sp. nov. (Figs. 11–12) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Gaoligongshan Nature park (24º50′N, 98º46′E), 11.V.2009, Wang Manman, No. 200904572 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 2.35 mm, length of fore wing 2.4 mm. Body setosity. Body with long pubescence, pubescence on mesopleuron sparse, propodeum and side of pronotum ventrally densely setose. Head. Antennomeres 19; length of first flagellomere 1.6 × second flagellomere; length of first, second, penultimate and terminal flagellomere 4.75, 3.0, 1.5 and 3.0 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.1 × height of head; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 20:7:9; frons smooth, with a shallow longitudinal groove in upper second; eyes with short setose, sparse; length of eye in dorsal view 1.0 × temple; occiput slightly concave; face with shallow transversely rugae; temple smooth; clypeus convex, slightly punctate, smooth; width of clypeus 2.7 × its medial height; tentorial pits large, distance between pits 1.7 × distance from pit to eye; malar suture absent, length of malar space 1.8 ×basal width of mandible, mandible with long setae. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.35 × its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, remainder coarsely reticulate; precoxal sulcus wide, with some medium-sized striae, only one stria reaching the anterior edge of mesopleuron; notauli complete and crenulate; mesoscutal lobes rather convex, with long and soft pubescence; scutellar sulcus with distinct median carina and two weakly developed carinae (Fig. 12D); scutellum reticulate, its lateral carina lamelliform; propodeal tubercles small, slightly acute apically, lateral apical angle slightly less than 90°; surface of propodeum rugulose. Wings. Fore wing: parastigma small; length of pterostigma 3.5 × its maximum width; length of vein r 1.1 × width of pterostigma; vein r arising from apical of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 2:3. Hind wing: 1r-m:1-M = 4:7; M+CU slightly less than 1-M; 2-1A absent. Legs. Hind coxa coarsely rugose dorsally, with distinct dorsal carina; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.55, 9.6 and 7.1 × their width, respectively; fore tarsal claws with blackish bristles. Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.8 × its apical width, widened apically, longitudinally rugose, dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.5; remainder of tergites smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.23 × length of fore wing. Colour. Dark reddish-brown; dorsal head black; palpi, tegulae, ovipositor, fore and middle legs yellow; scape, clypeus reddish-brown; several basal flagellomeres yellowish-brown, gradually paler towards apex, but several subapical flagellomeres brown; mandible yellow; parastigma and base of pterostigma white; most of mesonotum black; metasomal tergite (except first) brown; ovipositor sheath, veins and pterostigma reddish-brown; hind legs coxa brown, femur and tibia blackish-brown; all apical basitarsus (basal yellow) and claws brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan) Etymology. The specific name refers to the black mesonotum and is derived from “ niger ” (Latin for black). Notes. The new species is similar to B. (H.) fuscitibialis van Achterberg,1988 because the scutellum is coarsely rugose, the malar suture absent, the hind tibia infuscated medially, the first metasomal tergite widened apically, the face transversely rugose, and the precoxal sulcus with medium-sized striae, but differs by having the fore claw with blackish bristles (brownish), dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.5 (0.7), length of ovipositor sheath 0.23 × length of fore wing (0.18 ×), and the mesonotum black (mesoscutum reddish-brown)., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, with description of nine new species, pp. 472-498 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on pages 486-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7961330

Blacus (Hysterobolus) variegatus sp. nov. (Figs. 13-14) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, China, Chongqing, Jinfo Mtn, (29º3′N, 107º7′E), 18.VIII.2012, Huang Xinlei, No. 201207984 (ZJUH). Paratypes: 5 ♀ ♀, China, Zhejiang, Tianmu Mtn, 3-5.X.1983, Ma Yun, No. 834329; 25-29.VII.2011, yellow pan trap, No. 201501198; Chanyuan Temple, 9. V.1998, Zhao Mingshui, No. 20003401; Zhejiang, Fengyang Mtn, 1. VI.2005, Liu Jingxian, No. 200809039; Zhejiang, Longtang Mtn, 29. V.2012, Tang Pu, No. 201204960; 1 ♀, China, Hunan, Shimen, Huping Mtn, 12.VII.2009, Zeng Jie, No. 200903015; 1 ♀, China, Guizhou, Leigong Mtn, Tree Farm, 12.VII.2009, Zhang Hongying, No. 200606873 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm, length of fore wing 2.65 mm. Body setosity. Body with dense pubescence, pubescence on head and mesopleuron sparser, propodeum denser. Head. Antennomeres 18; length of first flagellomere 1.7 × second flagellomere; length of first, second, penultimate and terminal flagellomere 4.0, 2.4, 1.2 and 2.8 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.1 × height of head; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 24:8:9; frons smooth, with a shallow longitudinal groove in upper second and five groove between antennal sockets; eyes with short setose, sparse; length of eye in dorsal view 0.9 × temple; occiput concave; face transversely rugose; temple smooth; clypeus convex, smooth; width of clypeus 2.4 × its medial height; tentorial pits large, distance between pits 1.55 × distance from pit to eye; malar suture absent, length of malar space 2.0 × basal width of mandible, mandible with long setae. Mesosoma. Pubescence on mesonotum sparser than remainder. Length of mesosoma 1.25 × its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, remainder coarsely reticulate; precoxal sulcus wide, with some long striae, reaching the anterior edge of mesopleuron; notauli complete, wide and crenulate, with short transversely carina in anterior third; mesoscutal lobes rather convex, densely pubescent; scutellar sulcus with distinct median carina, and distinctly crenulate laterally; scutellum sculpture reduced and smooth medially, its lateral carina lamelliform, distinctly protruding apically; propodeal tubercles small, obtuse apically, lateral apical angle almost 90°; surface of propodeum rugulose. Wings. Fore wing: parastigma small; length of pterostigma 5.0 × its maximum width; length of vein r 1.4 × width of pterostigma; vein r arising from apical of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 13:15. Hind wing: 1r-m:1-M = 9:17; M+CU about subequal to 1-M; 2-1A absent. Legs. Fore leg tibial spur large and long; hind coxa coarsely rugose dorsally, with distinct dorsal carina; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.8, 9.3 and 8.0 × their width, respectively; fore tarsal claws with blackish bristles. Metasoma. Length of first tergite 2.0 × its apical width, widened apically, medio-dorsally rugose, both sides with longitudinally striae; dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.4; remainder of tergites smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.16 × length of fore wing. Colour. Dark reddish-brown; dorsal head, propodeum and metasomal first tergite black; palpi, tegulae, fore and middle legs yellow; several basal flagellomeres reddish-brown, gradually paler towards apex, but two apical flagellomeres dark brown; clypeus and mandible yellowish-red; parastigma and bottom margin of pterostigma white; side of pronotum yellowish-red, remainder reddish-brown; most mesonotum and scutellum yellowish-red, mesoscutum partly brown; metasomal second tergite yellowish-red, remainder of metasomal tergites and sternum, ovipositor and sheath, veins and pterostigma brown; hind leg (except second, third and fourth tarsus) reddish-brown; all basitarsi apically brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Variation. Length of first tergite 1.8–2.1 × its apical width; penultimate flagellomere 1.25–1.3 (occasionally 1.4) × its width; length of fore wing 2.4–2.65 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.16–0.18 × length of fore wing; propodeal tubercles medium size to large; scutellum sculpture reduced, at most slightly rugose; head and propodeum dark reddish-brown; two (or at most three) apical flagellomeres dark brown. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Chongqing, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guizhou) Etymology. The specific name refers to the particular different difference in colour of head and mesonotum and is derived from “ varius” (Latin for different). Notes. The new species is similar to B. (H.) fuscitibialis van Achterberg, 1988 because the malar suture is absent, the face transversely rugose, and the first metasomal tergite widened apically, but differs by having the precoxal sulcus with long striae (with a few medium-sized striae in B. fuscitibialis), hind leg (except second, third and fourth tarsal flagellomeres) reddish-brown (only hind tibia infuscated medially), fore claw with blackish bristles (brownish bristles), length of penultimate flagellomere 1.2 × its width (1.5 ×), dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.4 of tergite (basal 0.7), and length of ovipositor sheath 0.16 × length of fore wing (0.18 ×). This new species is also similar to B. (H.) melanoapicalis sp. nov., but differs by having 18 antennomeres (19 antennomeres in B. melanoapicalis), occiput comparatively slightly concave (distinctly concave), and the colour of head and mesonotum particularly different (similar)., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, with description of nine new species, pp. 472-498 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on pages 488-491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7961330

Blacus (Hysterobolus) longiapicalis sp. nov. (Figs. 7–8) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, China, Liaoning, Laotudingzi National Nature Reserve (41º22′N, 124º57′E), 16-19.VII.2011, Chen Huayan, NO. 202027906 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 3.2 mm, length of fore wing 2.7 mm. Body setosity. Body with dense setae, setae on head sparser than on mesosoma. Head. Antennomeres 19; length of first flagellomere 1.6 × second flagellomere; length of first, second, penultimate and terminal flagellomere 4.8, 3.0, 1.2 and 3.0 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.1 × height of head; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 12:4:7; frons smooth, with a deep longitudinal groove in upper half; stemmaticum with a distinct furrow from triangle centre to occipital carina; eyes with short sparse setae; length of eye in dorsal view 0.9 × temple; occiput concave; face transversely rugose; temple smooth; clypeus convex, slightly punctate, smooth; width of clypeus 2.3 × its medial height; tentorial pits large, distance between pits 2.4 × distance from pit to eye; malar suture absent, length of malar space 2.0 × basal width of mandible, mandible with long setae. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5 × its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, remainder coarsely reticulate; precoxal sulcus wide, with some long striae, reaching anterior edge of mesopleuron; notauli complete, wide and crenulate; mesoscutal lobes rather convex, densely pubescence; scutellar sulcus with distinct median carina and two weakly developed carinae; scutellum reticulate, its lateral carina lamelliform; propodeal tubercles large (Fig. 8H and 8K), obtuse apically, lateral apical angle slightly less than 90°; surface of propodeum rugulose. Wings. Fore wing: parastigma small; length of pterostigma 3.5 × its maximum width; length of vein r 1.1 × width of pterostigma; vein r arising slightly from apical of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 14:17. Hind wing: 1r-m:1- M = 9:17; M+CU about subequal to 1-M; 2-1A present and short, branched posteriorly. Legs. Hind coxa coarsely rugose dorsally, with distinct dorsal carina; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 11.25 and 8.75 × their width, respectively; fore tarsal claws with blackish bristles. Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.5 × its apical width, widened apically, longitudinally rugose, dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.5; remainder of tergites smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.16 × length of fore wing. Colour. Black; head (dorsal and frontal) black, palpi, labrum, tegulae, fore and middle legs yellow; scape, clypeus reddish-brown; several basal flagellomeres yellowish-brown, gradually lighten towards apex, but several apical flagellomeres dark brown; mandible yellow, apex reddish-brown; parastigma and base of pterostigma white; side of pronotum reddish-brown, remainder black; edges of mesoscutum reddish-brown, remainder of mesoscutum and scutellum black; mesopleuron, propodeum and first metasomal tergite black; second tergite and sternum yellow, remainder of metasomal tergites and sternum, ovipositor and sheath, veins and pterostigma brown; hind leg yellowish-brown; all basitarsi apically brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Liaoning). Etymology. The specific name refers to the long apical flagellomere is derived from “ longus ” (Latin for long) and “ apex ” (Latin for top). Notes. The new species is similar to B. (H.) robustus Haeselbarth, 1973 because the scutellum is coarsely rugose, the malar suture absent, the propodeal tubercle rather large, length of eye in dorsal view 0.9 × temple, and fore claw with blackish bristles, but differs by having malar space 2.0 × longer than basal width of mandible (1.7 × in B. robustus), length of first and second flagellomeres 4.8 and 3.0 × their width, respectively (4.1 and 2.6 ×), dorsal carinae of first tergite distinct in basal 0.5 (in basal 0.3), and hind leg yellowish-brown (femur, tibia and tarsus of hind leg darkened apically, base of hind tibia yellowish).

Blacus (Hysterobolus) chabarovi Belokobylskij, 1995 (Figs. 19–20) Hysterobolus chabarovi Belokobylskij, 1995: 458; Lee et al., 2020: 32. Material examined. 1 ♀, China, Chongqing, Jinfo Mt. (29º3′N, 107º7′E), 19.VIII.2012, Huang Xinlei, No. 201209624; 2 ♀♀, China, Ningxia, Longde, Liupanshan Nature Park, Sutai Tree Farm, 24. VI.2008, No. 200903090, 200903097; 1 ♀, Ningxia, Jingyuan, Liupanshan Nature Reserve, Hongxia Tree Farm, 1.VII.2008, Liu Jingxian, No. 200902112 (ZJUH). Distribution. China (Chongqing, Ningxia); Korea; Russia. New record for China. Remarks. The characters are largely consistent as described by Belokobylskij (1995), but the fore tarsal claws have weakly developed bristles., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, with description of nine new species, pp. 472-498 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on page 476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7961330, {"references":["Belokobylskij, S. A. (1995) New and rare species of the genus Blacus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Russian Far East. European Journal of Entomology, 92 (2), 449 - 467.","Lee, H. - R., Belokobylskij, S. A., Ku, D. - S. & Byun, B. - K. (2020) Eight newly recorded species of the genus Blacus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Blacinae) in Korea. Animal Systematics Evolution and Diversity, 36 (1), 31 - 34."]}

Blacus (Hysterobolus) flaviceps sp. nov. (Figs. 3-4) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Gaoligongshan Nature Park (24º50′N, 98º46′E), 10.V.2009, Wang Manman, No. 200904546 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm, length of fore wing 2.6 mm. Body setosity. Body with long pubescence, entire head with long setae, pubescence on mesonotum sparser than on remainder of mesosoma. Head. Antennomeres 20; length of first flagellomere 1.7 × second flagellomere; length of first, second, penultimate and terminal flagellomere 4.4, 2.9, 1.75 and 3.3 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp subequal to height of head; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 11:4:3; frons smooth, with a shallow longitudinal groove in upper half; stemmaticum smooth; eyes with short sparse setae; length of eye in dorsal view 0.8 × temple; occiput concave; face transversely rugose; temple smooth; clypeus convex, slightly punctate; width of clypeus 2.5 × its medial height; tentorial pits large, distance between pits twice distance from pit to eye; malar suture absent, length of malar space 2.8 × basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4 × its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, remainder coarsely reticulate; precoxal sulcus wide, with some long striae, reaching anterior edge of mesopleuron; notauli complete, wide and crenulate; mesoscutal lobes rather convex, densely pubescence; scutellar sulcus with median carina; scutellum reticulate, its lateral carina lamelliform; propodeal tubercles small, obtuse apically, lateral apical angle about 90°; surface of propodeum rugulose. Wings. Fore wing: parastigma small; length of pterostigma 3.75 × its maximum width; length of vein r 1.0 × width of pterostigma; vein r arising almost from middle of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 6:7. Hind wing: 1r-m:1-M = 1:2; M+CU slightly short than 1-M; 2-1A present and short, branched down. Legs. Hind coxa coarsely rugose dorsally, with distinct dorsal carina; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.8, 11.4 and 10.0 × their width, respectively; fore tarsal claws missing. Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.8 × its apical width, widened apically, longitudinally rugose, dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.5; second tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.17 × length of fore wing. Colour. Dark reddish-brown; head (dorsal and anterior), scape, palpi, tegulae, hind leg (except tibia) and ovipositor yellow; antenna yellow, gradually darkened towards apex; stemmaticum, pterostigma (basally paler), parastigma, veins, ovipositor sheath brown; edges of mesoscutum yellow, remainder of mesoscutum and scutellum reddish-brown, reddish-brown area on middle lobes remain separated from each other; dorsal side of pronotum yellow, remainder of pronotum, mesopleuron, propodeum and metasomal first tergite reddish-brown; second metasomal tergite and sternum yellow, remainder of metasomal tergites blackish; fore and middle legs light yellow; all basitarsi dark brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name refers to the yellow head and is derived from “ flavus ” (Latin for yellow) and “ caput ” (Latin for head). Notes. The new species differs from other species by having a yellow head, 20 antennomeres, length of basitarsus of hind leg 10.0 × its width, and length of vein r of fore wing almost equal to width of pterostigma., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, with description of nine new species, pp. 472-498 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on pages 476-477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7961330

Blacus (Hysterobolus) yunnanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 11–12) Material examined. Holotype: ♀, China, Yunnan, Ruili (24º1′N, 97º51′E), 29. IV.1981, He Junhua, NO. 812372 (ZJUH). Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm, length of fore wing 2.5 mm. Body setosity. Body with long setae, mesopleuron and side of pronotum glabrous, propodeum denser setose than head and mesonotum. Head. Antenna with at least 18 antennomeres (apex missing); length of first flagellomere 1.8 × second flagellomere; length of first and second flagellomere 4.9 and 2.7 × their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.1 ×height of head; OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:POL=20:8:11;frons with sparse setae and a deep longitudinal groove in upper second; eyes with short setose, sparse; length of eye in dorsal view 1.2 × temple; occiput slightly concave; face almost entirely smooth; temple smooth; clypeus convex, slightly punctate, smooth; width of clypeus 2.5 × its medial height; tentorial pits large, distance between pits 2.7 × distance from pit to eye; malar suture present, length of malar space 2.0 × basal width of mandible, mandible with long setae. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.35 × its height; side of pronotum largely smooth dorsally; precoxal sulcus narrow, with a few short striae, far from the anterior edge of mesopleuron (Fig. 18G); notauli complete, wide and crenulate; mesoscutal lobes rather convex, with long and soft pubescence; scutellar sulcus with median carina; scutellum (superficially) rugulose, its lateral carina lamelliform, distinctly protruding apically; propodeal tubercles small, acute apically, lateral apical angle slightly more than 90°; surface of propodeum rugulose. Wings. Fore wing: parastigma small; length of pterostigma 3.75 × its maximum width; length of vein r 1.2 × width of pterostigma; vein r arising from apical of pterostigma; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 12:13. Hind wing: 1r-m:1-M = 20:27; M+CU almost subequal to 1-M; 2-1A absent. Legs. Hind coxa slightly rugose dorsally, with distinct dorsal carina; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.9, 11.5 and 7.1 × their width, respectively, fore tarsal claws with blackish bristles. Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.6 × its apical width, widened apically, longitudinally rugose, dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.7; remainder of tergites smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.14 × length of fore wing. Colour. Reddish-brown; dorsal head black; palpi, tegulae, parastigma, fore and middle legs yellow; medial flagellomeres lighter in colour; mandible yellow, apex red; veins, pterostigma, ovipositor sheath, and metasomal tergite (except first) brown; ovipositor, hind legs coxa, femur and telotarsus yellowish-brown, tibia brown; all apical basitarsus (basal yellow) and claws brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan) Etymology. The specific name refers to the locality of the holotype. Notes. The new species is similar to B. (H.) nixoni Haeselbarth, 1973 because the malar suture is present, the scutellum (superficially) rugulose, the propodeal tubercle comparatively small, length of first tergite 1.6 × its apical width, flagellomeres long setose, and face almost entirely smooth, but differs by having the eighth flagellomere 2.2 × longer than wide (about 1.7 × in B. nixoni), length of malar space of 2.0 × basal width of mandible (1.5 ×), dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.7 (0.9 ×), precoxal sulcus with less striae (with more striae), and body reddish-brown (black)., Published as part of Lu, Qian-Yu, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tang, Pu & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2023, The discovery of the subgenus Hysterobolus Viereck, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) in China, with description of nine new species, pp. 472-498 in Zootaxa 5293 (3) on pages 495-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7961330, {"references":["Belokobylskij, S. A. (1995) New and rare species of the genus Blacus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Russian Far East. European Journal of Entomology, 92 (2), 449 - 467."]}