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A superhydrophobic fabric coating with hierarchical structure was fabricated by a dip coating, in which dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS)‐modified alumina (Al2O3) was used as modifier and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as additive. The effects of the amounts of Al2O3 nano‐sized particles and PDMS on the water contact angle (WCA) and the sliding angle (SA) of the as‐prepared fabrics coating samples were studied. The surface morphology of the as‐prepared samples was characterized by SEM, and the abrasion resistance and chemical resistance experiments were performed by abrasion resistance test, tape tear test, and chemical soaking test. The results show that WCA and SA of the superhydrophobic fabrics coating are 158° and 6°, respectively. With the increasing addition of PDMS, the abrasion resistance of hydrophobic fabrics coating is improved. The WCA value of the as‐prepared fabrics coating is still >150° after five abrasion cycles. The obtained fabrics exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and oleophilicity due to the hydrophobic modification of DTMS for Al2O3 nano‐sized particles. And the separation efficiency of the as‐prepared superhydrophobic fabrics coating for n‐dodecane and water system can reach 99.98%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and low-cost superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating on paper surface was fabricated through one-step simply spraying dispersion, using hydrophobic silica nanoparticles as a filter (SiNPs) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a film-forming material. Hydrophobic SiNPs were fabricated via co-hydropholysis and condensation of TEOS and long-chain alkyl silane based on a simple sol-gel process, and the surface chemical structure of SiNPs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The wettability and morphology of the coating surface were measured by contact angle (CA) measurement and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The influence of the mass ratio of hydrophobic SiNPs to PVDF (M(SiNPs:PVDF)) on the superhydrophobicity of paper surface was studied. The results showed that when M(SiNPs:PVDF) was 3:1, the water CA was 156.0 ± 1.0° for the nanocomposite coating with micro/nano-hierarchical structure on paper surface. Further, such superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings on paper surface showed little adhesive property with water. In addition, the prepared superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating could be applied in other substrates, such as wood, aluminum sheet, stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A novel TiO2/MoS2 composite photocatalyst with high visible-light activity was prepared via a one-step hydrothermal process using titaniumtetrachloride (TiCl4) as a titanium resource and bulk MoS2 as a direct photosensitizer. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous suspension was employed to evaluate the visible light activity of the as-prepared composite photocatalyst with a xenon lamp as simulated solar irradiation. The chemical composition, optical properties, morphology, structure, and thermal stability of the composite photocatalysts were characterized using XPS, UV-vis, FS, SEM, XRD, and TGA. The as-prepared photocatalysts exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity from the experiment on the degradation of methyl orange, compared to the performance of commercial titania (Degussa P25). The degradation rate of MO can reach over 90 % in 10 min when the molar ratio of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to titanium dioxide (TiO2) is 0.8:50 and the mass concentration of the TiO2/MoS2 composite photocatalyst is 400 mg/L. In this research, a new fabrication mode of TiO2/MoS2/TiO2 was applied for fabricating new hybridized structures of nano-TiO2/MoS2 by using bulk MoS2 as a direct photosensitizer, which changed the energy levels of the conduction band of MoS2 and strongly promoted interparticle electron transfer. In addition, this hybridization structure was believed to have a synergistic effect in the process of photocatalytic oxidation owing to increasing the degree of charge carrier separation, which effectively reduced recombination and improved the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2/MoS2 composite photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Several rGO-MoSe 2 with different morphologies and structures were synthesized by a rGO-assisted solvothermal method. • A novel rGO-MoSe 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composite with 3D/2D hierarchical structure was constructed. • rGO-MoSe 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composite showed superior photodegradation of RhB and TC. • rGO between MoSe 2 and g-C 3 N 4 serve as a high-speed channel across Z-scheme junction. • rGO promoted Z-scheme MoSe 2 -based heterojunction mechanism was proposed. [Display omitted] The transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is a promising photocatalyst for degrading contaminant, while limited active sites and poor carrier mobility are the primary challenges for improving photocatalytic degrading efficiencies in both bare TMDs and TMDs-based photocatalysts. A rGO-MoSe 2 composite with 3D network hierarchical structure was fabricated by the GO-assisted solvothermal method. And then rGO-MoSe 2 /g-C 3 N 4 3D/2D hierarchical structures were constructed by combining rGO-MoSe 2 with g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. The optimal rGO-MoSe 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic degrading rate of 97.4% towards RhB under simulated solar light, and its pseudo-first-order apparent rate constant (k) was 0.0715 min−1, being 5.9 and 12.5-folds higher than that of MoSe 2 /g-C 3 N 4 (0.0121 min−1) and bare g-C 3 N 4 (0.00573 min−1), respectively. The 3D/2D hierarchical structure endow rGO-MoSe 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composite with the improved light-harvesting and abundant active sites, supported by the DRS and BET analyses. And rGO nanosheets could act as efficient transfer and separation channels for electron-hole pairs between MoSe 2 and g-C 3 N 4 , confirmed through the photocurrent response and EIS tests. According to the results of DRS spectra and Mott-Schottky plots, the spatial behavior of photo-induced carriers at interface of rGO-MoSe 2 /g-C 3 N 4 would comply to a Z-scheme transfer pathway under the synergy effects of the internal electric field and band bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel BiOCl/Bi 5 O 7 I 2D/3D heterostructure was constructed by in-situ growth method. • The composite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for degradation of RhB. • The 2D/3D heterostructure can offer a larger specific surface area and enhanced light absorption capacity. • Type Ⅱ heterojunction of composite can reduce the recombination of photogenerated carriers. [Display omitted] A novel BiOCl/Bi 5 O 7 I (BOC-BOI) heterojunction was prepared by growing ultrathin 2D BiOCl nanosheets in situ on the surface of 3D Bi 5 O 7 I microspheres. The 2D/3D heterostructure of BOC-BOI composites inhibited the agglomeration of BiOCl nanosheets, and benefited the multiple reflection and refraction of light, which greatly enhanced the absorption and utilization of light. The 50-BOC-BOI composite showed 97.7% degradation efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) after 70 min Xe light irradiation. And its apparent degradation rate constant (k) was 0.0377 min−1, being 4.9 and 15.1 times than that of pristine BiOCl (0.0077 min−1) and Bi 5 O 7 I (0.0025 min−1), respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of BOC-BOI composites was attributed to stronger light capture ability, more abundant active sites and higher charge carrier separation efficiency, confirmed by UV-Vis DRS, SEM, TEM, BET, Zeta potential and electrochemical characterizations. The free radical capture experiments showed that the main active species in this system were holes (h+) and superoxide free radicals (·O 2 −). Combining the results of UV-Vis DRS and Mott-Schottky test, a reasonable type II heterojunction mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2 nano-particles were synthesized by sol-gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Their photocatalytic activities for formaldehyde (FA) and methyl orange (MO) degradation were tested using degradation rate ( η) as an evaluation index. Based on the orthogonal test results, the optimal condition for TiO2 preparation was obtained. Results showed that particle sizes were in the range of 10–40 nm, and that prepared TiO2 had better photocatalytic activity than P25. A simplified model was developed to evaluate the apparent quantum efficiency ( Φ app) of this photocatalytic reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A dual Z-scheme AgI/1T-2H MoSe 2 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 heterojunction was designed. • AgI/1T-2H MoSe 2 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 composite showed superior photodegradation of RhB and TC. • 1T-2H MoSe 2 between AgI and Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 serves as an interfacial charge transfer bridge across dual Z-scheme junction. • Band offsets were introduced in photocatalytic mechanism of AgI/1T-2H MoSe 2 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2. • 1T-2H MoSe 2 bridged dual Z-scheme MoSe 2 -based heterojunction mechanism was proposed. [Display omitted] The transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with 1T phase structure holds great promise for providing abundant active sites and superior conductivity, while the achievement of highly efficient degradation activity over bare TMDs and TMDs-based photocatalysts is still challenges. In this work, a flower-like mixed 1T-2H phase MoSe 2 was synthesized via a sodium borohydride (NaBH 4)-assisted solvothermal method, and then was selected as a "charge-transfer-bridge" to fabricate a dual Z-scheme AgI/1T-2H MoSe 2 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 composite with a 0D/3D hierarchical structure. The optimal AgI/1T-2H MoSe 2 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 composite exhibited the superior photocatalytic activity towards degrading RhB and TC relative to AgI/2H MoSe 2 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 and AgI/Bi 4 O 5 Br 2. The enhancement is attributed to its better light absorption, abundant active sites, and superior charge carrier mobility and separation efficiency, resulted from synergetic effect of 0D/3D structural coupling and energy band matching. Moreover, the important energy band alignments and mixed 1T-2H phase MoSe 2 boosting photocatalytic mechanism of as-prepared AgI/1T-2H MoSe 2 /Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 heterojunction were investigated. This work describes a competitive design and fabrication technique for constructing novel mixed phase TMDs-based Z-scheme heterojunctions to address environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of frustrated Lewis pairs on catalyst surface is an effective strategy for tuning CO2 activation. The critical step in the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs is the spatial effect of proximal Lewis acid‐Lewis base pairs. Here, we demonstrate a facile surface functionalization methodology that enables hydrogen bonding between N and H atoms to mediate the construction of frustrated Lewis pairs in poly(heptazine imide), thereby increasing the propensity to activate CO2 molecules. Experimental and theoretical results show that the construction of active hydrogen bonding regions can facilitate the bending of CO2 molecules. Furthermore, the delocalization of electron clouds induced by the hydrogen bonding‐mediated frustrated Lewis pairs can promote the heterolytic cleavage and photocatalytic conversion of CO2. This work highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogen bonding‐mediated strategy in heterogeneously photocatalytic activation of CO2 over polymer materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a new learning paradigm for noisy labels, i.e., noisy correspondence (NC). Unlike the well-studied noisy labels that consider the errors in the category annotation of a sample, the NC refers to the errors in the alignment relationship of two data points. Although such false positive pairs are common especially in the data harvested from the Internet, which however are neglected by most existing works. By taking cross-modal retrieval as a showcase, we propose a method called learning with noisy correspondence (LNC). In brief, the LNC first roughly obtains the clean and noisy subsets from the original data and then rectifies the false positive pairs by using a novel adaptive prediction function. Finally, the LNC adopts a novel triplet loss with soft margins to endow cross-modal retrieval the robustness to the NC. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed LNC, we conduct experiments on six benchmark datasets in image-text and video-text retrieval tasks. Besides the effectiveness of the LNC, the experimental results show the necessity of the explicit solution to the NC faced by not only the standard model training paradigm but also the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Twin-facet co-exposed BOC-01 and tri-facet co-exposed BOC-02 were prepared. • Electrons and holes are mainly distributed on {110} and {001} facets, respectively. • Exciton effect in BOC-01 plays a key role for the photocatalytic activation of O 2. • Charge transfer in BOC-02 plays a key role in the production of ROS. Two kinds of well-crystallized BiOCl singlet-crystalline sheets (BOC-01 with twin-facet co-exposure of {001} and {110} and BOC-02 with tri-facet co-exposure of {001}, {110}, and {010}) were prepared and characterized. The photocatalytic desulfurization performance of BOC-01 and BOC-02 was tested by using n -decane and tetradecane as model oil containing heterocyclic sulfur-containing compounds (benzothiophene, or dibenzothiophene, or 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene). The desulfurization performance showed that twin-facet co-exposed BOC-01 had a slightly higher photocatalytic activity than tri-facet co-exposed BOC-02. The differences of photocatalytic activity between BOC-01 and BOC-02 were further explored by paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved prompt fluorescencespectra. The results disclosed that the exciton effect in BOC-01 played a key role in photocatalytic activation of molecular oxygen, while BOC-02 mainly produced reactive oxygen species by charge transfer. Theoretical calculations further indicated that the photogenerated electrons are mainly distributed on the {110} facets and the photogenerated holes are mainly distributed on the {001} facets in BOC-01 and BOC-02. This work provides a useful clue for an in-depth understanding of the effects of co-exposed facets in BiOCl on photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu species (Cu/Cu 2 O/CuO NPs) functionalized fabric (Cu-fabric) with superhydrophobicity was fabricated through a simple in-situ reduction from Cu(OH) 2 -coated-fabric and an immersion process in n-octadecathiol (ODT) solution, in which cotton fabric served as bio-support material to immobilize Cu2+ in the presence of NH 3 ·H 2 O. The surface morphology, elements composition, elements valance state and functional groups were detected by SEM, EDS, XPS and ATR-FTIR, respectively, and a formation mechanism of the Cu-fabric was proposed. The as-prepared Cu-fabric showed superhydrophobicity to deionized water, with a water contact angle (WCA) about 153.5 and a sliding angle (SA) about 10, and good hydrophobicity to other common household liquids. In addition, the Cu-fabric maintained chemical stability after 72 h under different extreme conditions, and mechanical durability after 200 cm of abrasion length. Furthermore, the separation efficiency of light oil/water mixtures with Cu-fabric exceeded 97% for n-dodecane, n-hexane, kerosene, cyclohexane and n-heptane and Cu-fabric maintained a high separation efficiency for n-dodecane and n-hexane after 30 separation cycles. The as-prepared Cu-fabric exhibited potential for practical application in oil/water separation of oil-contaminated industrial sewage in complicated environments. • Cu species functionalized fabric with superhydrophobicity was fabricated. • A formation mechanism of the Cu species functionalized fabric was proposed. • The as-prepared Cu-fabric exhibited chemical and mechanical durability. • The as-prepared Cu-fabric could separate oil/water mixtures with high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 /AgBr/GO composite with face-to-face hierarchical heterostructure was synthesized. • g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 /AgBr/GO composite showed superior photodegredation of tetracycline. • CTAB-assisted co-deposition method was used to improve photocatalytic performance and recyclability of g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4. • A n-n heterojunction-based photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. A novel AgBr and GO co-decorated g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 (g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 /AgBr/GO) composite was successfully fabricated by hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted co-deposition of AgBr and GO onto g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 composite. The as-prepared composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, BET, XPS, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic efficiency for tetracycline (TC) degradation over the as-prepared g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 /AgBr/GO composite is 91.64% within 100 min simulated sunlight irradiation, which is nearly 2.59 and 5.25-folds greater than those of the g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 and g-C 3 N 4 samples. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance is mainly ascribed to the introduction of AgBr and GO, which serve as photosensitizer and electron acceptor, respectively, confirmed by the results of DRS, PL, and EIS. The active species trapping experiments confirmed that O 2 − and h+ are the dominant reactive species responsible for TC degradation. Furthermore, a reasonable n-n heterojunction-based photocatalytic mechanism for the g-C 3 N 4 /Ag 2 WO 4 /AgBr/GO composite was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Domestic sewage quickly consumes the chlorine disinfectants in SWSSs. • High pollution levels will cause abnormal changes in water quality. • Domestic sewage poses a microbial risk even at imperceptible pollution levels. • E. coli and E. faecails are suitable for early detection of undetectable pollution. • Microorganisms brought by domestic sewage did not lose their activity in SWSSs. There are continuous reports about the pollution of the secondary water supply systems (SWSSs), among which domestic sewage leakage is the most serious. In this study, a pilot experiment lasting 70 days was conducted to explore the changes in physicochemical water quality and the microbial profiles in SWSSs polluted by different doses of domestic sewage through qPCR and high-throughput sequencing methods. The results showed that when domestic sewage entered the simulated water storage tank, a large amount of organic matter brought by domestic sewage quickly consumed chlorine disinfectants. High pollution levels (pollution index ≥ 1/1000) were accompanied by significant increases in turbidity and ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < 0.05) and by abnormal changes in sensory properties. Although different microbial community structures were found only at high pollution levels, qPCR results showed that the abundance of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and some pathogenic gene markers in the polluted tank increased with the pollution level, and the specific gene marker of pathogens could be detected even at imperceptible pollution levels. In particular, the high detection frequency and abundance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecails in polluted tank water samples demonstrated that they can be used for early warning. Moreover, it seems that the microorganisms that came with the domestic sewage lost their cultivability soon after entering SWSSs but could recover their activities during stagnation. In addition, the biofilm biomass in the polluted tank with high pollution levels increased faster at the initial stage, while after a longer contact time, it tended to remain at the same level as the control tank. This study emphasized the high microbial risk introduced by sewage water leakage even at imperceptible levels and could provide scientific suggestions for early warning and prevention of pollution to SWSSs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme precipitation can significantly influence the water quality of surface waters. However, the total amount of bacteria carried by rainfall runoff is poorly understood. Here, thirty rainfall scenarios were simulated by artificial rainfall simulators, with designed rainfall intensity ranging from 19.3 to 250 mm/h. The instantaneous concentration ranges of R2A, nutrient agar (NA) culturable bacteria, and viable bacteria in runoff depended on the types of underlying surfaces. The instantaneous bacterial concentrations in runoff generated by forest lands, grasslands and bare soil were: R2A culturable bacteria = 10 4.5-6.3 , 10 4.5-6.1 , 10 4.0-5.3 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, NA culturable bacteria = 10 4.0-6.0 , 10 3.9-5.8 , 10 3.2-4.9 CFU/mL, and viable bacteria = 10 6.4-8.0 , 10 7.0-8.9 , 10 6.4-7.6 cells/mL. Based on the measured bacterial instantaneous concentration in runoff, cumulative dynamic models were established, and the maximum amount of culturable bacteria and viable bacteria entering water sources were estimated to be 10 9.38-11.31 CFU/m 2 and 10 11.84-13.25 cells/m 2 , respectively. The model fitting and the bacterial accumulation dynamics were influenced by the rainfall types (p < 0.01). Surface runoff from the underlying surface of forest lands and grasslands had a high microbial risk that persisted even during the "Drought-to-Deluge Transition". Bacterial accumulation models provide valuable insight for predicting microbial risks in catchments during precipitation and can serve as theoretical support for further ensuring the safety of drinking water under the challenge of climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has shown promising performance in various tasks by learning a generic image-text representation space. However, most existing VLP methods encounter the Noisy Correspondence (NC) problem which refers to wrongly matched image-text pairs harvested from the wild. In this paper, we empirically study the influence of NC on the VLP model and obtain the following two observations. First, the NC will largely degrade the performance in downstream tasks even via fine-tuning, indicating the necessity of handling NC in the pre-training period. Second, the influence of NC varies in different pre-training objectives, suggesting the objective-customized solution for achieving NC robustness. Based on the above observations, we propose a novel NoisE-robust Vision-languagE pRe-training method (NEVER) to endow the VLP model with robustness against NC. In brief, NEVER first divides the training data into clean and noisy subsets in a progressive and adaptive manner. Then NEVER employs the positive learning (PL) and negative learning (NL) on the splits to enjoy model convergence and noise robustness, respectively. To further handle the false negative in PL and NL, NEVER proposes to smoothen and sharpen the training targets with the predictions from a twin momentum model. Extensive experiments on the various V+L tasks verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The code will be released upon acceptance.

The creation of frustrated Lewis pairs on catalyst surface is an effective strategy for tuning CO 2 activation. The critical step in the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs is the spatial effect of proximal Lewis acid-Lewis base pairs. Here, we demonstrate a facile surface functionalization methodology that enables hydrogen bonding between N and H atoms to mediate the construction of frustrated Lewis pairs in poly(heptazine imide), thereby increasing the propensity to activate CO 2 molecules. Experimental and theoretical results show that the construction of active hydrogen bonding regions can facilitate the bending of CO 2 molecules. Furthermore, the delocalization of electron clouds induced by the hydrogen bonding-mediated frustrated Lewis pairs can promote the heterolytic cleavage and photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 . This work highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogen bonding-mediated strategy in heterogeneously photocatalytic activation of CO 2 over polymer materials., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

In recent years, linearization technology for nonlinear devices has become a hot topic in many fields. In this study, a linear voltage divider based on metal oxide arresters was designed by combining linearization technology and electrical measurement technology to solve the objective problems of online voltage monitoring. These problems include high difficulty in equipment installation, low measurement accuracy, and poor economic benefits. Based on a summary of linearization theory, the sufficient and necessary conditions for the linearization of the voltage divider were deduced in detail. The relevant circuit simulations were conducted, along with voltage divider experiments under power frequency AC voltage, operating overvoltage, and lightning overvoltage. The results revealed that the voltage divider was able to realize linearized measurements and meet the relevant standards of online voltage monitoring. The measurement errors were concentrated in the transition region between the pre-breakdown region (small current region) and the breakdown region (nonlinear region) in the volt-ampere characteristic curve. The main influencing factor of errors was the consistency of the nonlinear characteristics of the high- and low-voltage arms of the voltage divider. The voltage divider designed in this study can be applied in many scenarios, such as power plants, substations, high-voltage electrical equipment manufacturing plants, and high-voltage laboratories., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

Microcystis, one of the common cyanobacteria, often causes blooms in reservoirs, which has seriously threatened the safety of drinking water worldwide. To identify the growth characteristic of total and microcystin-producing Microcystis in large deep reservoirs, we used Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to measure the cell density of total and microcystin-producing Microcystis and monitored water quality in the water samples collected in Dongzhang Reservoir once a month. Microcystis blooms occurred in Dongzhang Reservoir in April 2017, which was composed of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll-a showed significant vertical stratification during Microcystis blooms. Total and microcystin-producing Microcystis grew rapidly under the high concentration of total phosphorus and rising water temperatures. Nitrate-nitrogen had a significant linear correlation with the abundance of microcystin-producing Microcystis. Our results indicated that nutrients and water temperature could be key triggers of Microcystis blooms and nitrate-nitrogen potentially regulates the competition between microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis. This study improves our understanding of the characteristics of Microcystis blooms and the competition between microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis in large deep reservoirs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A 2D/2D BiOIO 3 /BiOBr Z-scheme heterostructure was firstly synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal process and it was used to effectively remove rhodamine B under irradiation of Xe and LED light. The BB-15 heterostructure has an optimal apparent rate constant k of 0.046 min -1 (0.17 min -1 ), which is ∼6.2 (89.7) and 3.5 (3.5) times that of BiOIO 3 and BiOBr under the irradiation of Xe light (LED light). The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the following points: (1) the face-to-face and tight contact in 2D/2D BiOIO 3 /BiOBr heterostructures provides more migration channels for photogenerated carriers which facilitates the transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers; (2) the Z-scheme photocarrier transport path not only hastens the separation and transfer efficiency of photocarriers in space but also maintains a robust redox capacity; (3) the presence of IO 3 - /I - redox couple and built-in electric field further encourage the separation and transfer of photocarriers and enhance the photocatalytic activity of the composite. And the O 2 - , h + , and OH are active species, which are responsible for the photodegrade process of RhB under irradiation of Xe light. This study provided an easy and reliable strategy to design and prepare an efficient bismuth-containing heterojunction, the characterization and evaluation experiment results proved its effectiveness for solar utilization and environmental purification., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)