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Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease, has been a major threat to tobacco production globally. Several control methods have failed. Thus, it is imperative to find effective management for this disease. The biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WS-10 displayed a significant control effect due to biofilm formation, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and exopolysaccharides. In addition, strain WS-10 can produce antimicrobial compounds, which was confirmed by the presence of genes encoding antimicrobial lipopeptides (

This research paper shows the insight into the study of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) reactive nanomaterial flow of Newtonian fluid with Silver (Ag), Ferric Oxide (Fe3O4) and Copper (Cu) towards a stretchable surface. The flow is generated subject to stretchable surface with porosity effect. Mixed convection, which is a combination of both free and forced convections, is accounted. The heat source/sink, chemical reaction, Joule heating and activation energy effects are considered in the development of energy and concentration equations. The system of considered problem is solved numerically via shooting method (boundary value problem fourth convergence (bvp4c)) and outcomes are sketched graphically. The engineering impact i.e., skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number is discussed via different parameters and results are displayed in tabular form. The important and main points are listed in the final remarks of the paper. The used nanoparticles have numerous applications in medical industry, applications in sustainability of natural resources and applied mathematics and physics. Also, these nanoparticles can be utilized in engineering sciences, biophysics, high-temperature and cooling process, space technology, biosensors, medicines, cosmetics, paints, medical devices and conductive coatings.

Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.

Background Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is irregular menstrual bleeding which has great impact on female health and life style. Various genetic factors are involved in etiology and pathology of AUB. Present study was designed to explore the association of PTGFR, MMP9, MMP2, TGFB3 and VEGFB with AUB. Methods Blood samples of 212 females with AUB were collected along with age-matched healthy control. Expression variation of targeted genes was evaluated using qPCR. Present study cohort was divided into different groups based on demographic parameters and all targeted genes were correlated with study demographics. Results Expression of targeted genes was significantly (P P P 9 days bleeding compared to AUB patient had P P P 60 kg body weigh compared to AUB patient with Conclusion Present study open a new window for diagnosis of AUB at early stages and suggested a possible involvement of PTGFR, MMP9, MMP2, TGFB3 and VEGFB as candidate biomarkers in AUB.

Bose–Einstein correlations of identical particles reveal the shape and size of the particle emitting source of the given boson. These correlations are pivotal for a better understanding of the source dynamics and developing techniques to examine the propagation of quantum chaos in the presence of coherence at a certain temperature and momentum. Femtoscopy is of the utmost importance during this transformation for data processing and coherence-chaos analysis discrepancies. We introduced an evolving source to describe chaotic information inside quantum entanglement and the impact of the coherence order is discussed in this research. We also investigate the role of source size parameter and particle number in the dynamics of the temperature profiles with the function of momentum variation. The influences of the modeling factors on the correlations with their normalized correlator in the perspective of source coherence have been evaluated and the orientation of the source has an effect on the diffusivity of the fluid under consideration. Such consequences can cause an increase or decrease the genuine correlations due to the distributions of velocity and temperature. The main findings of the paper have been illustrated using the graphical representations of the considered correlations according to the geometry of the expanding source. Such results reveal the lucrativeness in the field of engineering applications.

Introduction: Caregivers help a person in those actions which cannot be performed by an individual independently; a person’s personal needs, environmental barriers that hinders an individual’s abilities etc. This ultimately puts an increased burden on the caregiver. This study was conducted to determine the levels of caregivers’ burden among the parents of children with cerebral palsy. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 298 parents of children with cerebral palsy. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from the parents coming to the National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad. The parents of children with cerebral palsy who were having auditory, cognitive or visual impairment were excluded from this study. Demographic information form and Caregiver Burden Inventory were used for the data collection. The data was analysed through IBM SPSS version 21 and results were presented in the form of frequency, percentages and mean ± sd with p-value wherever needed. Results: the result of this study showed a greater need for respite and other services for caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. The overall Caregiver Burden Inventory score was 45.19 ± 11.9. Out of the total included participants, 163 (54.33%) participants sometimes needed relief, 116 (36.67%) needed frequent need for relief and other services while 19 (6.33%) of the included parents rarely needed relief and other services. Conclusion: Majority of the caregivers of children with cerebral palsy needed relief and other services (compromise the growth, physical and emotional health and social relationship) to manage caregivers’ burden.

Mental health refers to the mental capacity and ability to understand things rationally. Mental health is mostly disturbed when a person is caught up in any mental disorder in the form of depression or any serious mental health disease. A syndrome that affects the cognition of a person and affects his psychological and causes mental dis-functioning is called a mental disability. People living in the 21st century going through mental disabilities should be aware of their mental health rights and universally adopted principles for mentally disabled people. Following outdated and expired laws in the modern world cannot be the solution for the people of today's world. Hence new laws should be introduced, and the states where no legislation has been made should acknowledge disabled people equally as the normal people have status in society.

Background and objectives:Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a major cosmetic and pathological condition associated with obesity,hirsutism, polycystic ovary, DM, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. This study was conducted to determine frequency of obesity in acanthosis nigricans and the association of BMI and central obesity with gender, age andtype of AN. Methodology: This hospital based observational study was conducted from1st March to 31st May 2021 at department of Medicine RIHS Islamabad after ethical approval. Sample size was calculated to be 221.Inclusion criteria: Adult cases of both the genders presenting with AN in medical OPD. Exclusion criteria:Diagnosed cases of malignancy, critically ill cases, endocrine disorders and pregnant women were excluded.After detailed history and examination, clinical diagnosis of Acanthosis nigricanswasmade. The weight in kg and height in meters measured and BMI calculatedby formula weigh in Kg/height (m2).Waist circumference measured in cm by flexible measuring tape from narrowest part of torso,midway between the lowest rib and iliac crest for central obesity and relevant investigations suggested. Data analyzed by SPSS version 21.Chi-square test was used to compare various variables between obese and non-obese AN cases with significant p0.05).Diabetes mellitus observed in 47 (21%) AN cases.Polycystic ovaries (PCOs) in 111 out of 152 females with AN. Autoimmune conditions seen in 53(24%) AN cases. Conclusion: Benign and HAIR-AN were most frequent type in our study that was associated with raised BMI, waist circumference, PCOS and diabetes. It is recommended to screen acanthosis nigricans cases regardless of age or gender for obesity, PCOS, DM, hypertension and autoimmune conditions. Hence,early diagnosis may improve quality of life, prevent complications of systemic disease and improve outcome of diseases and quality of life of patients.

To use the multiple renewable energy sources for single-phase AC applications with an H6 converter topology. Dual input DC-DC buck-boost converters that integrate the solar panel and a battery will regulate the required output DC voltage. Furthermore, for the AC applications of having small power and High power, the H6 topology of single-phase transformerless inverter is preferred because of less leakage current. To validate the proposed technique's feasibility, the MATLAB simulation is performed for the whole process that validates the converter's results and performance.

Sugarcane juice (SCJ) is a cheap, popular, and very nutritious beverage served at roadside stalls in many countries during harvesting season. The juice is normally consumed immediately after extraction as fermentation sets within a few hours of extraction. Preserving the raw sugarcane juice is always challenging because it spoils within a few hours of extraction due to fermentation. Therefore, the bottling, distribution, and marketing of sugarcane are difficult tasks. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of naturally derived preservatives using aonla extract (AE) and moringa extract (ME) in different proportions (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) for the preservation of SCJ during 21 days of the storage period at 4 ± 2°C temperature. The effect of extracts and storage time were analyzed on physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, enzymatic, microbiological, and sensory analyses of SCJ. A significant improvement in pH of 5% AE (5.30 ± 0.06) and 5% ME (5.36 ± 0.02) was observed at 21 days as compared to control (5.89 ± 0.02). The total phenolic contents in 7% ME were also observed to be retained (4.4 ± 0.02 mg GAE/mL) at 21 days as compared to control (2.65 ± 0.03 mg GAE/mL). Other physicochemical and phytochemical analyses including titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid, 2,2‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) also indicated that SCJ treated with ME was significantly stable (p, The present research demonstrates the preservation of SCJ using natural preservatives that gives more quality and shelf‐life stability in contrast to chemical preservatives.

The reliance on Network-on-Chip (NoC)-based Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chips (MPSoCs) is proliferating in modern embedded systems to satisfy the higher performance requirement of multimedia streaming applications. Task level coarse grained software pipeling also called re-timing when combined with Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has shown to be an effective approach in significantly reducing energy consumption of the multiprocessor systems at the expense of additional delay. In this article we develop a novel energy-aware scheduler considering tasks with conditional constraints on Voltage Frequency Island (VFI)-based heterogeneous NoC-MPSoCs deploying re-timing integrated with DVFS for real-time streaming applications. We propose a novel task level re-timing approach called R-CTG and integrate it with non linear programming-based scheduling and voltage scaling approach referred to as ALI-EBAD. The R-CTG approach aims to minimize the latency caused by re-timing without compromising on energy-efficiency. Compared to R-DAG, the state-of-the-art approach designed for traditional Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based task graphs, R-CTG significantly reduces the re-timing latency because it only re-times tasks that free up the wasted slack. To validate our claims we performed experiments on using 12 real benchmarks, the results demonstrate that ALI-EBAD out performs CA-TMES-Search and CA-TMES-Quick task schedulers in terms of energy-efficiency.

The major aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of numerous risk factors of cardio vascular disease among the local population of Sukkur district. Embracing of western culture and quick conversion of rural areas into urbanization leads to enhance the cardio vascular burden on the population of modern world. Developing countries has not enough medical facilities to overcome the burden of Cardio vascular Disease (CVD) and it is co-related with education and awareness about the cardiac disease. Descriptive Crossectional study was carried out at National Institute of Cardio Vascular Disease (NICVD) Sukkur for the period of 06 months from July 2020 to December 2020. Total 186 patients were included in the study and the selection criteria for study subjects was depends on the different factors such as patients, who had admitted in the hospital for more than 03 days with positive Troponin T and disturbed ECG reports. A well designed questionnaire was used for the collection of demographic and clinical data from the patients regarding research. From the obtained data 123 were male patients and area of residency of mostly patients was rural areas. 39 patients complain about chest pain, 74 about shoulder pain, 44 had severe headache and 29 were presented with cardiac arrest. 109 patients were diagnosed with hypertension, 34 had Diabetes Mellitus, 26 had gastric issues. Trop T test was positive among 91 patients, 109 had disturbed ECG. 64 patients were aware about various risk factors of CVD. In our research it was concluded that people of interior Sindh were unaware of modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease when presented with heart problem, most of the population even couldn’t identify the obesity, physical exercise, heavy diets and smoking as major reversible risk factors for CVD. Mass counseling and seminar should be conducted from time to time in order to overcome the raising issues of cardio vascular disease and its risk factors.

The aim of study was to assess the irrational use of antibiotics among the local population of Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh, Pakistan. Rational or proper medication means patients consume proper medicines for said diagnostic disease and after its consumption, the symptoms disappear. For rational use, selection of medicines is very important along with its proper dosing and it is also necessary to check the adequate time for proper treatment. Cross-sectional study was conducted at various out-patient settings located in Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences, District Shaheed Benazir Abad for the period of 06 months. Total 374 study samples were collected by using simple random sampling technique. From the total study subjects, 209 were males and 165 females. 129 people had only primary qualification. 188 study subjects were married and 149 were unmarried, people use to take antibiotics due to less knowledge and trust on the medical prescriber and take as self diagnosis found among 48 and they didn’t have proper time to visit health care facility so the shortage of time was observed among 151 people. Ciprofloxacin and co-trimaxazole were frequently used by the participants due to different causes. Health Care professional should take proper action against the pharmacies and medical stores as they sale the drugs without any prescription and proper counseling session should be conducted, in order to educate the community regarding rational and irrational use of medicaments.

We herein report a rare case of Paraquat poisoning which presented with multiple buccal mucosa and labial ulcers. He complained of burning pain in the mouth which increased on eating, along with difculty in complete mouth opening. The trismus progressed gradually from 4 ngers to 2 ngers breadth, over 2 days. The patient also had multiple episodes of vomiting with contents mainly being mucous secretions as the patient was nil per oral. Radiographic features including the imaging of the barium swallow of this case are discussed together with the pathomechanics of the poison. A comprehensive overview of the biochemistry and pharmacodynamics of Paraquat has been given as well. Understanding the mechanism of action of Paraquat will help to explain the manifestations of the poisoning and its subsequent treatment. Medical management was undertaken with the imperative step being the use of pulsatile steroid therapy. Supportive care and oral exercises were advised simultaneously to ensure optimum recovery. We looked at previously published literature to assess the proposed management protocols in the absence of a denitive antidote, leading to high mortality rates.

Infected and damaged root system of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck L.) budded on rough lemon (Citrus jambheri Lush.) in Punjab-Pakistan has been suspected to affect nutrient uptake due to rootstock susceptibility to soil born fungal diseases. The experiment was performed on 12-15 years old ‘Blood Red’ sweet orange ‘Blood Red’) trees of uniform size and vigour at the Fruit Garden Sq. 9, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. This study was conducted for consecutive two years. The objective of the research was to introduce sweet oranges in the main streamline of the citrus industry by improving their root health through fungicides treatments ultimately enhancing mineral nutrient uptake from the soil. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice, taking a single tree as a treatment unit. The fungicides used in the experiment were Metalaxyl Mencozeb (Ridomil Gold), Fosetyl-Al (Alliette) and copper sulphate (CuSO4), in different combinations. Nutritional status of tree leaf macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) during flowering and final fruit set was evaluated at fortnight intervals with respect to different treatments. The different treatments enhanced nutrient uptake through roots and improved health and vigour of trees. It was more evident from the improvement of fruit quality and yield of treated trees compared with control. Although fungal analysis could not be performed, the improvement in general health and vigour of trees lead to the conclusion that root health was improved substantially. It might be concluded from this study that best orchard management emphasizing improvement in the root health could enhance the yield and quality of sweet oranges.

Wind power is a significant and urging sustainable power source asset to petroleum derivatives. Wind machines, for example, H-Darrieus vertical pivot wind turbines (VAWTs) have increased much notoriety in research network throughout the most recent couple of decades because of their applications at destinations having moderately low wind speed. Be that as it may, it is noticed that such wind turbines have low effectiveness. The point of this examination is to plan rotor cutting edges which could create most extreme power yield and execution. Different plan factors, for instance, harmony length, pitch edge, rotor distance across, cutting edge length and pitch point are explored to upgrade the presentation of VAWT. Rotor cutting edges are manufactured using the NACA-0030 structure and tried in wind burrow office and contrast its outcomes and DSM 523 profile. Numerical simulations are performed to get best geometry and stream conduct for achieving greatest power. It is seen that for higher tip-speed-proportion (TSR), shorter harmony length and bigger distance across the rotor (i.e., lower robustness) yields higher effectiveness in NACA 0030. Nevertheless, for lower TSR, the more drawn out agreement length and slighter distance across rotor (i.e., higher strength) gives better implementation. The pitch point is - 2° for TSR = 3 and - 3° for TSR = 2.5. The most extreme power yield of the wind turbine is acquired for the sharp edge profile NACA 0030. Besides, instantaneous control coefficient, power coefficient (CP) is the greatest reason for azimuthal edge of 245° and least esteem for 180°.

Background During the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak of 2014, tertiary care cardiac centers shouldered the responsibility of caring for patients presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). This entailed designing algorithms that ensured timely management of patients with ACS in the setting of an emerging novel viral infection that was rapidly spreading within the community with a high infectivity and case fatality rate. The objective of this study is to describe a single center experience and the adopted pathway for the management of ACS. Methods This is a single center retrospective observational study of all patients who were admitted between March 1, 2014 and May 31, 2014 with an ACS. Total ACS admissions, bed turnover, procedures and healthcare personnels' infection rates were obtained from the annual statistics database and employee health records. All baseline characteristics, therapy received, outcomes and MERS-CoV status were obtained from the chart review. Results A total of 148 patients with a diagnosis of ACS were admitted during that period of time. Of those, 59 had STEMI, 42 had NSTEMI and 47 had unstable angina. PCI was performed in 74, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 28 and conservative therapy was prescribed for 46 patients. The bed turnover was no higher than the previous or subsequent two months suggesting no change in practice. The infection rate of MERS-CoV was zero for healthcare workers. Conclusions In times of a national health crisis it is imperative that best practices are upheld to sustain existing resources, reduce bed occupancy and preserve medical personnel. A key component of such a strategy depends on assigning centers dedicated to isolating and treating the highly infectious disease outbreak while allowing other centers to provide expeditious cardiac care., Highlights • Cardiac centers should balance healthcare worker exposure with the provision of timely guideline directed care for acute coronary syndromes. • Compared to COVID19, MERS-CoV patients are highly symptomatic & easily identifiable allowing healthcare systems to adjust clinical pathways. • Assigning centers dedicated to the management of MERS-CoV cases permits tertiary centers to continue to treat ACS in accordance with guidelines.

A systematic geochemical investigation of the Laki Formation from the selected regions of Southern Indus Basin Pakistan Basin has been carried out. This paper presents the characterization of hydrocarbon potential, type of kerogen, thermal maturity, the origin of organic matter, depositional environment, and bulk mineralogy of the Laki Formation shales. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Laki shale ranges from 0.53 to 2.66 wt. %. The values indicate that Laki shales have fair to very good hydrocarbon potential. Type III kerogen is identified in the Laki shale based on TOC and residual potential (S2) data. Maturity parameters (Tmax & Methyl phenanthrene index) suggest that Laki shales are thermally immature for the generation of hydrocarbons. Normal alkane data and stable carbon (δ13C) isotopic value (-9.67 ‰ PDB) of the Laki shale indicates the predominantly marine origin of the organic matter. Dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene (DBT/P) ratio (0.08), Phytane (Ph)/n-C18 versus Pristane (Pr)/n-C17, and Pr/Ph versus DBT/P data suggest a marine environment of the Laki shale. The marine setting of the Laki Formation shale is further evident by coralline algae and Alveolina oblonga. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reflect that Laki shale is brittle since it is dominated by high quartz and carbonates.

PurposeIntegrating the lean (LSTs) and agile (ASTs) strategies to effectively create the competitiveness of the firm is always challenging for the strategy makers. This research aims to comprehend the behavior of these core strategies by using the Triple-A framework.Design/methodology/approachData are gathered from the supply chain (SC) professionals serving in manufacturing firms through a structured questionnaire. Structured equation modeling (SEM) is performed to test the hypotheses on 257 valid responses.FindingsThe result of this study reveals a few key attributes about LST and AST while attempting to align and gain maximum benefit. One of the key findings is that an LST finds it difficult to create adaptability (ADP). But better alignment (ALN) among the market priorities and operational capabilities may improve the firm's competitive capabilities (FCCs).Practical implicationsThis study posits various important insights for strategy decision makers, just for instance, it is advised to the operations managers that lean resources are usually never capable to adapt change but can be aligned with the market changes to create a competitive capability for the firm.Originality/valueThis is original research that has various useful insights for SC and operations strategy makers and also for the academic researchers as it reveals empirical evidence of the past key concepts.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the serious soil-borne diseases in flue-cured tobacco production areas in China. However, it was found that the occurrence of bacterial wilt not only varied with different cultivars but also varied with various sites even under the condition of planting the same variety. It suggests that the occurrence of bacterial wilt could be controlled by regulating soil microorganism and the growth environment. Therefore, the relationship between microorganism’s diversity in the rhizosphere and actual incidences were evaluated on the number of symptomatic plants and the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in field trials on two sites. The results showed that the incidence of bacterial wilt in the same cultivar was varied between the two experimental sites. However, the same trend was found in the number of rhizospheric microbes among the three varieties except for fungi. Also, a good relationship was found between the number of pathogens, microbial functional diversity in the rhizosphere, and actual incidences. The utilization intensity of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers, amines, and carbon utilization of rhizospheric soil microbial community was negatively related with the occurrence of bacterial wilt while it was on the opposite for the utilization intensity of phenolic acids. The results revealed that the mechanism for resistance in flue-cured tobacco was directly associated with the number of pathogenic microorganisms in rhizosphere and the diversity of rhizospheric microbes. By improving the diversity of rhizospheric microbes, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt disease can be reduced.

Diabetes mellitus has high global prevalence and occurrence and is considered to bean endocrinological and/or metabolic disorder. Conventional drug treatment is costly and has toxic side effects, although it is successful in treating diabetes mellitus. If effective and less toxic, herbal medicine will thus include alternative therapy. This research has been designed to investigate the role of Grewia asiatica extract in the control of diabetes in male albino rats with Streptozotocin mediated type 2 diabetes. Grewia asiatica fruit extract at a dose of 200mg/kg was given to Streptozotocin mediated type II DM Rats. A known anti-diabetic drug, Glibenclamide has been used as a standard drug. The method of the research was to monitor the effect of Grewia asiatica on the blood glucose level of Rats. In this study, Rats were split into four categories i.e. Control, Streptozotocin treated, Streptozotocin + Glibenclamide treated and Streptozotocin +Grewia asiatica extract-treated group. Grewia asiatica fruit extract significantly improve the blood glucose levels as compared to the standard drug Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin mediated diabetic group. Conclusion: It was concluded that Grewia asiatica may be used in the treatment of diabetes or decreasing the elevated level of blood sugar.

Cultivation of edible fungi (mushrooms) is a useful method for bio-conservation in the agriculture industry. For the better production of mushrooms, we used the agricultural waste material as a substrate for the cultivation of mushrooms. After mushroom harvesting, these substrates are available as an excellent source of soil conditioner. In this study, we used the sawdust of a simbal tree (Bombax ceiba L.), office scrap paper, and poultry manure as a substrate to cultivate the Pleurotus sapidus (oyster mushroom). Data recorded from the inoculation of spawn to the harvesting of fruiting bodies by using different parameters. The results revealed that the Treatment-T4 (sawdust of simbal tree 50% + poultry manure 50%) required the least number of days (16 days) for 100% spawn-running, development of pinhead (6.5 days), and fruiting bodies (5.5 days), produced the maximum number of fruiting bodies (24.25), maximum yield (388.40 g), and highest biological efficacy (77.68%). The Treatment-T5 (office scrap paper 50% + poultry manure 50%) took the maximum number of days (32 days) for 100% spawn-running, development of pinhead (18 days) and fruiting bodies (17 days), produced least number of fruiting bodies (9.5), minimum yield (224.50 g), and lowest biological efficacy (44.90%). Therefore, the cultivation of oyster mushrooms is an excellent or environment-friendly technique because the substrate used for mushroom cultivation is economical and readily available.

Polymer-based insulators offer major benefits as compared to customary insulators. In the current research, efforts are conducted to enumerate the effect of µATH (Micro Aluminum Trihydrate) and nSi...

This study investigates differential responses of Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia candel mangrove species, using physiological capacitance (CP), photosynthetic, and growth parameters under different salt stress and re-watering conditions. Experiment was conducted at various NaCl levels. The Results indicated that CP was significantly affected in stress phase due to the limitation of salt storage capacity of the vacuole. Although A. corniculatum has a secreting effect, the solute concentration in vacuole was significantly higher than K. candel at M and H treatment, because their volume of vacuole was lower than K. candel species. In the re-watering phase, CP values of both species increased at M-L and H-M treatments respectively. Furthermore, CP was positively correlated with net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. This finding suggests that the concentration of solute in vacuole is an important factor controlling photosynthesis and growth parameters, and CP can better represent salt concentration in the plant leaf.

Owing to its nontoxicity and better efficiency, low-temperature plasma (LTP) has been proposed to be a strong antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant bactericidal pathogens. On the other hand, previously several food-borne pathogens were treated by chemically hazardous and least-efficient irradiation techniques. Because of its superior efficiency, in the current study, we implemented LTP protective mechanism against Escherichia coli (E.coli). In particular, we investigated the sterilization effects of plasma on the degradation of pure samples of E.coli strain ($${10^7}$$ colony forming units) in the presence and absence of $${{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_2}$$ fumes. Interestingly, the proposed mechanism improved considerably the microbial reduction, inactivation efficiency and kill rate of the plasma-treated E.coli samples. The decrease in bactericidal cell viability was confirmed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification and membrane damage by protein leakage test. The reactive oxidants species (ROS) were explored via optical emission spectroscopy (OES). For the investigation of the surface characteristics, we carried out the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the plasma-treated nutrient media containing E.coli colonies. The reported results confirmed that low pressure and low temperature plasma can be a potential alternative for the degradation of multidrug-resistant E. coli.

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of augmented reality (AR) interventions on the function of the upper extremity (UE) and balance in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (SHCP).MethodsIn total, 30 children with SHCP, aged 6 to 12 years, were randomly divided into three interventional groups. Each group received an AR game, i.e., Balance It, Bubble Pop, or Scoop'd (WonderTree, Pakistan). The UE function and balance were assessed at the baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention through the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), respectively. The mixed ANOVA was used to determine the combined with-in and between-the-groups differences in the function of the upper extremity. The Wilcoxon sign ranked test was used for with-in group changes, while the Kruskal Wallis test with the bonferroni correction post-hoc analysis was used to compare the groups in terms of balance. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21 and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for analyzing the changes in the total DASH and PBS scores within the groups, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the groups in the total DASH and PBS scores, while the Kruskal Wallis test was used for the differences between the groups in the PBS items. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.ResultsAll the groups improved significantly in the total DASH and PBS scores post-intervention. A significant difference was determined in standing with one foot in front between Bubble Pop and Balance It groups (p = 0.03). The total score of PBS also showed a significant difference between Bubble Pop and Balance It groups (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe AR interventions used in this study were found to be effective in improving the UE function and balance of children with SHCP. The Balance It game showed more promising results in improving the balance as compared with the other games, however, no significant difference was determined between the three AR games in terms of the UE function of the participants.

A novel copper-zinc-manganese trimetal oxide nanocomposite was synthesized by the simple co-precipitation method for sensing glucose and methylene blue degradation. The absorption maximum was found by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis, and the bandgap was 4.32 eV. The formation of a bond between metal and oxygen was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The average crystallite size was calculated as 17.31 nm by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The morphology was observed as spherical by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. The elemental composition was determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) analysis. The oxidation state of the metals present in the nanocomposites was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the nanocomposite were 218 nm and −46.8 eV, respectively. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite was analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis. The synthesized nanocomposite was evaluated for the electrochemical glucose sensor. The nanocomposite shows 87.47% of degradation ability against methylene blue dye at a 50 µM concentration. The trimetal oxide nanocomposite shows potent activity against Escherichia coli. In addition to that, the prepared nanocomposite shows strong antioxidant application where scavenging activity was observed to be 76.58 ± 0.30, 76.89 ± 0.44, 81.41 ± 30, 82.58 ± 0.32, and 84.36 ± 0.09 % at 31, 62, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL, respectively. The results confirm the antioxidant potency of nanoparticles (NPs) was concentration dependent.

The changes in plant life behaviors and water status are accompanied by electrophysiological activities. In this study, the theoretical relationship between clamping force (C

The clinicians prefer URS as a first-line line treatment of upper ureteric stones but with COVID-19 restrictions and considering the patient's benefit, ESWL sessions to remove ureteric stones were preferred as first-line treatment of upper ureteric stones. The aims of this study was to compare the level of stone clearance with EWSL sessions during COVID-19 pandemic as a first-line treatment. A longitudinal study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Liaquat University Hospital for the duration of 6 months. Total thirty patients of age more than 15 years who presented with an upper ureteric stone of 0. Patients were managed for upper ureteric stone with ESWL and complete stone clearance was considered a satisfactory outcome. The mean age of patients enrolled in the study was 31 10. 82 years with a preponderance of males that is 55%. The mean size of the stone observed was 1.10 0. Upon exposure to EWSL sessions, 68% of patients showed complete clearance of stones whereas 10% of patients had no clearance and 16% of patients showed partial clearance. The comparison of different variables among the level of stone clearance showed that complete removal of stone was carried out by a maximum of 4 EWSL sessions having a mean stone size of 1.09 0. 22 cm whereas maximum of 3 sessions were given to patients that resulted in incomplete stone clearance. In conclusion, the decision for carrying out EWSL sessions for ureteric stone clearance was successful in the majority of patients during a pandemic.

Higher-order correlations measured in lead collisions examined the geometrical strength as well as the coherence–chaotic characteristics of the particles creation region. The three- and four-particle quantum correlations can delineate the system of pions at small relative momentum region and observe a significant innovative penchant about the granular sources with various parameters. Such conglomerate of correlation functions and their corresponding genuine correlations are rarely analyzed at higher-order quantum computation via invariant momenta to search the granular structure of pion emanation sources. We evince and examine the pions excretion from a dispersed collection of fluid droplets with coherence snippets that produce quantum interferences to explore the nature of the fluid and the characteristics of the chaos fraction in collisions of heavy nuclei. The cumulant correlations and the normalized correlators with their intercepts contained the existence of amalgamation facet of hadronic particles, and the partons plasma. Specifically, we analyze such hybrid fluid with various correlations functions via droplet numbers to probe the trifle of chaos–coherence fraction of pions condensate by using the source with spherical structure droplets.

Background Black shank disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is a serious threat to flue-cured tobacco production. Whole-plant resistance is characterized by the expression of a number of pathogenesis-related proteins, genes, and the activity of different defense-related enzymes. In this study, we investigated the activity of defense-related enzymes and expression of differentially expressed proteins through the iTRAQ technique across two flue-cured tobacco cultivars, i.e., K326 and Hongda, in response to the black shank pathogen. Results Results showed that the highest disease incidence was recorded in flue-cured tobacco cultivar Hongda compared with K326, which shows that Hongda is more susceptible to P. nicotianae than K326. A total of 4274 differentially expressed proteins were detected at 0 h and after 24 h, 72 h of post-inoculation with P. nicotianae. We found that 17 proteins induced after inoculation with P. nicotianae, including pathogenesis (5), photosynthesis (3), oxidative phosphorylation (6), tricarboxylic acid cycle (1), heat shock (1), and 14–3-3 (1) and were involved in the resistance of flue-cured tobacco against black shank disease. The expression of 5 pathogenesis-related proteins and the activities of defense-related enzymes (PPO, POD, SOD, and MDA) were significantly higher in the leaves of K326 than Hongda after inoculation with P. nicotianae. Conclusion These results provide new molecular insights into flue-cured tobacco responses to P. nicotianae. It is concluded that differences in protein expressions and defense-related enzymes play an important role in developing resistance in flue-cured tobacco cultivars against black shank disease.