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The proteome of Chinese miniswine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was investigated in this study. Proteins extracted from MSCs were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and about 1600 protein spots were detected using the silver nitrate staining method. 48 proteins were digested by trypsin for mass spectrometry analysis. 37 proteins were successfully identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). The biological functions of these identified proteins were involved in different cell processes. Proteomics was successfully applied for the protein expression analysis of Chinese miniswine bone marrow MSCs and some useful data were provided for the future study of MSCs.

The income velocity of money in China has been declining since the country's reform. By studying the money demand behavior in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, we found that the marginal propensity to money demand is much higher in the non-agricultural sector. This implies that as the share of the agricultural sector in national income declines, monetary expansion is expected to meet not only the needs of income growth, but also the rapid structural shifts in the sectoral composition of income. Hence, non-inflationary monetary expansion is possible as development proceeds. This provides a new perspective in understanding the decline in the income-velocity of money in China.

An enantioselective fluorination of allylic alcohols under chiral anion phase-transfer conditions is reported. The in situ generation of a directing group proved crucial for achieving effective enantiocontrol. In the presence of such a directing group, a range of acyclic substrates underwent fluorination to afford highly enantioenriched α-fluoro homoallylic alcohols. Mechanistic studies suggest that this transformation proceeds through a concerted enantiodetermining transition state involving both C-F bond formation and C-H bond cleavage.

Cysteine is a commonly used self-assembly reagent in the preparation of modified electrode and biosensors. Self-assembly of cysteine on gold has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron sepectroscopy (XPS), quartz crystal micobalance (QCM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in this article. The results of QCM and EIS revealed that the formation of saturated self-assembly monolayers of cysteine on gold required at least 30 min. The interfacial properties of the gold electrode modified with self-assembled cysteine was probed with a [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– redox couple. Contrary to the previous results obtained from the same experimental procedure with self-assembly of octadecyl mercaptan, the electrochemical behavior of the redox probe was not blocked but improved with cysteine absorbed on a gold electrode. As cysteine is electroactive, the native electrochemical properties of adsorbed cysteine are discussed as well.

In this paper, glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized in the course of sol–gel process of TEOS, and we cast the GOD-doped sol to different supports (silica gel and molecular sieve) to prepare the GOD columns. It was demonstrated that the activity of GOD remained high in sol–gel matrix. With the application of the GOD column prepared with sol–gel method to a flowing injection chemiluminescent system, glucose could be effectively determined with the linear range of the concentration in 3.5–70 μmol/l and the detection limit was at 0.6 μmol/l.

MnO2 was prepared using a novel synthetic route based on the solid state reaction of KMnO4 with MnCl2·4H2O at room temperature. MnO2 powder synthesized with this method was nanosized and had large specific surface area (300 m2/g). The electrode coated with a thin film of MnO2 exhibited a fast, stable pH response in aqueous solution. A linear pH–potential curve was observed over the pH range of 2–12 with a sensitivity of −78.3 mV/pH at room temperature. In addition, its response mechanism was discussed as well in this paper.

This paper examines the existence of equilibria for double infinite eonomies. S.F. Richard and S. Srivastava have established the existence of equilibria for economies with infinitely countable consumers when commodity space isL ∞ (M, M, μ). However, most Banach Lattices as commodity spaces haven’t interior points in their positive cones, so their result can’t be applied to many cases. We here consider a general Banach Lattice as commodity space and introduce a concept of equiproperness on preferences. Under the assumption the existence of equilibrium for economy is established. Finally, we examine the existence of equilibria for production economies.

Gold nanotubule membranes were prepared by using electroless deposition of gold in the pores and on the surfaces of polycarbonate track-etched membranes, and the membranes were modified with Cl − . An electrochemical method ( i –t) was then developed for studying the transport properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in these nanotubule membranes. In phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4), when an electric field (l V) was applied between the two sides of the membrane, the response current decreased with the adding of BSA solution. The decrement of response current was in a linear relationship with the concentration of BSA in the range of 1.50 × 10 −10 –1.35 × 10 −9 M ( r = 0.9980), and the limit of detection was 9.46×10 −11 M ( S/N = 3).

Wormhole attack is a severe attack in mobile ad hoc networks, which is particularly challenging to defend against. In this paper, a new method defined as time ruler using distance measurement for detecting wormhole attack is proposed including its hypothetical model, the concept of time ruler and the process of its establishment, storage and calibration. The feasibility of the method on theory, thus respectively deriving two discriminating inequalities with the use of sending time ruler and receiving time ruler are analyzed in detail. The performances of the method are also analyzed and its validity is evaluated with Omnet++ developing tools. Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) are self-organized, multi-hop wireless networks which are independent of fixed infrastructure, with the advantages of easy networking and not being limited with time and space. Unlike the conventional network, MANETs are characterized by numerous constraints such as lack of infrastructure, lack of resources on nodes, dynamic topology, no centralized management and control, and lack of pre-established trust relationships between nodes. Due to these, MANETs are very likely to often be run in untrusted environments and make themselves vulnerable to various security attacks, such as eavesdropping, tamper, replay, and denial-of-service. Wormhole attack is also called Tunnel attack. In MANETs, a malicious node records a packet, at one location in the network, tunnels the packet to another location, and replays it there. If the tunneled distance is longer than the normal wireless transmission range of a single hop, it takes less time or less hops to make the tunneled packet arrive sooner than other packets transmitted over a normal multi- hop route. In this case, it creates the illusion that two remote regions of a MANET are directly connected through nodes that appear to be neighbors. Since it costs less hops to travel through tunnel than by a normal route, for shortest path routing protocol, the malicious node increases its attraction to network flow, and thereby providing advantageous conditions for itself to launch further attack such as tamper or packet-loss.