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Background & Objective: Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of all genitourinary tumors. Urine cytology is the "gold standard" for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer, but its sensitivity is low. This study was to explore the clinical value of combined detection with urinary bladder cancer antigen (UBC), hyaluronic acid (HA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer., Methods: Urine samples were obtained from 64 patients with bladder cancer and 20 patients with benign urological disease. Urine UBC, HA and CD20 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunology assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively, before cystoscopy., Results: UBC, HA and CK20 yielded significantly higher sensitivity in detecting bladder cancer compared to urinary cytology (85.9%, 89.1% and 78.1% vs. 40.6%, P<0.01). The specificity of UBC, HA, CK20 and urinary cytology for the detection of bladder cancer were 85.0%, 80.0%, 80.0% and 95.0%, respectively. The sensitivity of UBC, HA and CK20 were all significantly higher than that of urinary cytology in detecting different histological stages and grades of bladder cancer (P<0.01). The value of UBC had no significant difference in different histological stages and grades of bladder cancer (P>0.05). The sensitivity of HA was significantly higher in G2 and G3 grades than in G1 grade (P<0.01), but not different between G2 and G3 grades(P>0.05). No difference in HA values was observed between different histological types (P>0.05) regarding to HA. The sensitivity of CK20 was significantly elevated with the increase of histological grades and stages. Combined use of UBC, HA and CK20 improved the sensitivity and specificity of detecting bladder cancer to 96.9% (62/64) and 100.0%, respectively., Conclusions: Combined use of UBC, HA and CK20 can improve the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of bladder cancer in urine, thus it may replace conventional cystoscopy in the primary diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the best dose and the long-term effect of the human insulin-like growth factor-1 (hIGF-1) gene injection into the penis of aged rats., Methods: Included in this study were 10 young (4 months old) and 40 aged (24 months old) Sprague-Dawley male rats, the latter equally divided into a PBS control and a 10 microg, a 100 microg and a 1 000 microg hIGF-1 injection group. Electrical stimulation was conducted 4 and 8 weeks after hIGF-1 injection into the penile corpus cavernous of the rats to detect the intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Dose - and time -associated therapeutic results were analyzed and the mRNA expression of hIGF-1 determined by RT - PCR., Results: ICP, MAP and total ICP were significant decreased by electrical stimulation in the aged rats as compared with the young ones (P < 0.05), statistically increased in the three hIGF-1 dose groups in comparison with the PBS controls (P < 0.05), and showed no obvious difference between the young rats and the latter two dose groups at 4 and 8 weeks. Although less obvious effect was achieved in the 10 microg group than in the young rats, the therapeutic result was still of significance. The mRNA expression of the hIGF-1 gene was confirmed in all the hIGF-1 treated rats., Conclusion: The hIGF-1 therapy can improve erectile function in aged rats, 100 microg suffices for effective erection and the effect may last at least 8 weeks for a single dose.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yunnan Baiyao on reduction of intra-operative bleeding of the patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)., Methods: A randomized placebo-control double-blind multi-center trial was conducted. 203 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), aged 50 - 80, who were to undergo TURP were randomly divided into 2 groups: Yunnan Baiyao group, given 500 mg Yunnan Baiyao four times daily since the third day before the operation for 3 days, and placebo group, given empty capsules for 3 days. The amount of intra-operative bleeding, bleeding index and bleeding intensity were compared. The side effect of Yunnan Baiyao was also evaluated., Results: The amount of intra-operative bleeding of the Yunnan Baiyao group was 147 ml +/- 144 ml, significantly less than that of the control group (182 ml +/- 157 ml, P < 0.05). The amount of intra-operative bleeding of the per protocol (PP) population in the Yunnan Baiyao group (n = 58) was 146 ml +/- 116 ml, significantly less than the PP population in the control group (n = 66) (220 ml +/- 207 ml, P = 0.0361). When the weight of the resected prostate tissue was more than 20 gram, the amount of intraoperative bleeding, bleeding index, and bleeding intensity of the ITT population in the Yunnan Baiyao group (n = 60) were all significantly lower than those of the ITT population in the control group (n = 68) (all P < 0.05); the bleeding intensity of the PP population in the Yunnan Baiyao group was 2.4 ml/min +/- 1.8 ml/min, significantly lower than that of the PP population in the control group (3.6 ml/min +/- 3.7 ml/min, P = 0.0072); the bleeding index of the PP population in the Yunnan Baiyao group was 4.7 ml/g +/- 4.6 ml/g, significantly lower than that of the PP population in the control group (7.1 ml/g +/- 8.3 ml/g, P = 0.025). No side effect was found in the 2 groups., Conclusion: Yunnan Baiyao is effective on reducing the amount of intraoperative bleeding of TURP without side effect.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of transurethral prostatectomy with the bipolar plasmakinetic technique (PKRP) compared with the transurethral resection (TURP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)., Method: Four hundred BPH patients with matched lesions were divided into 2 groups: 200 patients, aged 74.1 (58-91), underwent transurethral prostatectomy with PKRP, and 200 patients, aged 73.8 (56-90), underwent TURP., Result: In the PKRP group the average IPSS decreased from 27.1 +/- 4.5 preoperatively to 11.3 +/- 3.4 postoperatively 6 months after (P < 0.01), the. average maximum flow-rate Q (max) increased from 6.1 +/- 2.4 ml/s preoperatively to 18.6 +/- 3.5 ml/s postoperatively (P < 0.01), and the average residual urine (RU) reduced from 102.3 +/- 43.3 ml preoperatively to 22.6 +/- 16.3 ml after the operation (P < 0.01). However in the TURP group the average IPSS decreased from 26.9 +/- 4.2 preoperatively to 10.8 +/- 3.6 6 months after the operation (P < 0.01), the Q (max) increased from 5.7 +/- 2.4 ml/s preoperatively to 19.1 +/- 3.7 ml/s postoperatively (P < 0.01), and the average RU decreased from 102.3 +/- 43.3 ml preoperatively to 22.6 +/- 16.3 ml after the operation (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in these parameters between these 2 groups (all P > 0.05). The average catheter retention time was 31.5 h in the PKRP, significantly shorter than that in the TURP group (61.5 hours, P < 0.01). The incidence rate of post-operational asynodia in the PKRP group was 14.3%, not significantly different from that in the TURP group (15.2%, P > 0.05). During the operation no hemorrhage or transurethral resection syndrome (TURS) occurred in the PKRP group, however, there were 5 cases of TURS and 18 cases of blood transfusion in the TURP group., Conclusion: PKRP has the same therapeutic efficacy as TURP on BPH. Moreover, it was more cheaper and with lower complication than TURP.

Aim: To determine the age-adjusted prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in 3 big cities of China and to explore its potential sociodemographic, medical and lifestyle correlates., Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in three cities of China. Structured questionnaires were administered to 2 226 men, aged 20 - 86 years, by trained interviewers., Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of ED was 28.34 % (mild 15.99 %, moderate 7.14 %, severe 5.21 %). In the men above 40, the prevalence was 40.2 %. Age was positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Education was negatively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Spouse companionship, living condition were positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Histories of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Cigarette smoking was not correlated with ED (P>0.05), while the cigarette consumption and duration were positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Alcohol drinking is negatively correlated with ED (P<0.01). The duration of drinking was positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Weekly alcohol consumption was not correlated with ED (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The prevalence of ED increased with age. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were positively correlated with the increased prevalence. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, such as education, spouse companionship, living condition, cigarette and alcohol consumption or duration also have association with the prevalence of ED.