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The irreconcilable contradiction between high performance of photocatalysis and reclamation difficulty of micro/nano photocatalysts is still a barrier for the wide application of photocatalytic technology. In order to increase the efficiency of light utilization and facilitate recycling, visible-light photocatalysts ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) grafted on floating hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) were prepared through a controllable hydrothermal method. The hollow structural composite microspheres were prepared by depositing a layer of ZIS nano-film onto the surface of the coarsening hydroxyl/amino-functionalized HGMs via a chemical self-assembly process. The different pretreatment methods of HGMs resulted in the change in the structure pattern, morphology and photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared ZIS@HGMs composite microspheres. In addition, the possible growth mechanism of the formation process of ZIS@HGMs composite microspheres was proposed. Finally, the as-prepared ZIS@HGMs composite microspheres exhibited an enhanced degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) versus ZIS powder under visible light irradiation. The as prepared floating photocatalysts have good dispersibility and could be recycled by simple filtration. The present study provided a promising approach to keep the high performance of photocatalysis as well as efficient recycling of micro/nano photocatalysts.

Background: Drought stress affects grapevine growth and development and reduces berry yield and quality. Identifying genes that are involved in the plant response to drought stress will enable the development of new grape strains that are tolerant to drought. Objective: We cloned the VvibZIP14 gene from Vitis vinifera and analyzed its role in drought resistance. Methods: Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Subcellular localization was assessed with a transient expression assay. The transactivation activity of the protein was evaluated in yeast. The physiologic role of VvibZIP14 was analyzed by overexpressing VvibZIP14 in Arabidopsis following drought stress. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation in Arabidopsis was visualized by diaminobenzidine staining. Results: Drought stress caused the accumulation of VvibZIP14, which was localized in the nucleus and had transcriptional activity. Transgenic plants showed improved resistance to drought stress and reduced electrolyte leakage compared to plants overexpressing empty vector, whereas chlorophyll content, photosystem II maximal photochemical efficiency, and net photosynthetic rate were higher. Catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were also increased in VvibZIP14-overexpressing plants subjected to drought stress. Conclusions: VvibZIP14 functions as a transcription factor that confers resistance to drought stress in grape by enhancing the antioxidant response.

BACKGROUND: Melatonin (MT) is an endogenous indoleamine that regulates senescence progression and stress response in plants. OBJECTIVE: Here, we investigated the effect of MT on the shelf-life and postharvest quality of table grapes (Vitis labrusca L. cv. ‘Fengzao’). METHODS: After harvesting, ‘Fengzao’ grapes were immersed in MT solution at various concentrations (0 [as control], 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM for 2 h and stored at 24±1 for 15 days. Physiological indicators including weight loss rate, firmness, contents of total soluble solids (TSSs), ascorbic acid (AsA), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated. Additionally, the DNA methylation rate of ‘Fengzao’ grapes were measured using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique. RESULTS: Application of MT effectively delayed grape senescence in all treatment groups compared with the control, with the longest delay observed in the 0.5 mM treatment. Additionally, the rate of DNA methylation decreased in all the 0.5 mM MT treatment groups, indicating a potential role of MT in demethylation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the exogenous application of MT can delay the senescence of grapes during postharvest.

Rui Yang,1,* Leilei Wang,2,* Zhifeng Wu,3 Yongxiang Yin,4 Shi-Wen Jiang1 1Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Genetics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shi-Wen Jiang, Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13730975986, Fax +86-510-82725094, Email jiangsw137@163.comAbstract: Accumulated data indicated that many types of cancers have increased protein O-GlcNAcylation at cell surface and inside cells. The aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is considered a potential therapeutic target. Although several types of compounds capable of inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation have been developed, their low solubility, poor permeability and delivery efficiency have impeded the application for in vivo and pre-clinical studies. Nanocarriers have the advantages of controllable drug release and active cancer-targeting capability. Moreover, nanoparticles can improve drug delivery efficiency and reduce the non-specific distribution in normal tissues by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in cancer. Taking the advantage of O-GlcNAc-specific antibodies or lectins, nanoparticles could further improve their cancer-targeting capability. Although nanocarriers targeting the canonical N- and O-linked glycosylation have been extensively investigated for cancer detection and therapy, application of nanotechniques for the specific targeting of O-GlcNAcylation has not been actively pursued. This review summarizes the general features of GlcNAcylation and its alterations in cancers. Analyses are focused on the following areas: How the nanocarriers may improve the solubility and/or cell permeability of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitors; The modification of nanocarriers with lectins or antibodies for active targeting of O-GlcNAc; The nanocarriers-mediated co-delivery of OGT inhibitors and conventional drugs, which may lead to synergistic effects. Unsolved issues impeding the research progression on O-GlcNAcylation-targeting scheme are also discussed.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: O-GlcNAcylation, nanocarriers, OGT inhibitor, targeted therapy, lectin, combined therapy

Purpose The main goal of the physical education (PE) environment is that each individual trained should achieve self-fulfillment with the large group of students involved with their own efforts. Deep learning is applying transferrable knowledge in new situations to help the students master in tough circumstances. In PE training, injuries occur when working together as a team. Safety measures are taken immediately as an emergency response to reduce the potential risk in students by providing first aid. To provide safety measures for the injured student immediately, the environment is monitored in real-time using a GPS. Design/methodology/approach Theory of Humanities Education (ToHE) infers that it has less collection of theories and a wide range of applications than the state-of-the-art systems. ToHE allows students to think creatively and play a vital role in one’s health which is a critical aspect in PE. The ToHE theory focuses on two main concepts, i.e. by using a methodological approach to analyse and deep learning to solve the problem. PE motivates college students to follow a healthy and active lifestyle. Findings The proposed system is deployed in real time for monitoring the student’s performance and provides an emergency response with an accuracy rate of 90%. Originality/value The deep learning offers solutions to the injuries by using the deep convolutional neural network to provide interpretability of the consequence by training it with various injuries that occur in the playground and inappropriate use of sports equipment. A case study provided in this paper outlines an emergency response scenario to an injured student in sports training.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. SEM image of a graphene and b MWCNT coated on a glass substrate. c–e Column charts of size statistics of graphene (c), length and diameter statistics of MWCNT (d,e). The statistical results show that the size of graphene sheet is mostly distributed around 20 μm2. In addition, the dominant length and diameter of MWCNT are mostly around 0.5-1 μm and 60-70 nm, respectively. Figure S2. Photographs and optical microscope images of a MWCNT-, b graphene-, and c MWCNT/graphene hybrid-based sensor at 0% and 550% strain. No obvious cracks are observed in the MWCNT-based sensor under 550% strain, but significant cracks are formed once the graphene is added to the sensing layer. This can be due to the easy separation of graphene under large stretching. It is noted that the size of cracks is smaller in the MWCNT/graphene-based sensor than in the graphene-based sensor, which might be due to the high aspect ratio of MWCNTs that bridge the graphene flakes. Figure S3. a Temperature change of the sensor surface for seven cycles of UV sensing. The temperature of the sensor surface increased from 24.7°C to 36.57°C owing to heat transfer from the UV lamp. b Relative current change of the MWCNT-, graphene-, and MWCNT/graphene hybrid-based sensors during the temperature increased from 23.75°C to 40°C. Table S1. Relative current change of MWCNT-, graphene-, and MWCNT/graphene hybrid-based sensors caused by the temperature changes during each UV on-off cycle shown in Fig. 4a.