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351. ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE LUNGS.

Author: Williams, Thos.
Published: 1850
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352. ON THE STATISTICS OF CHOLERA. [A TABULAR REPORT.]

Author: Cox, WilliamJ.
Published: 1850
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353. Plant roots use a patterning mechanism to position lateral root branches toward available water

Author: Yun Bao, Cliff Tham, José R. Dinneny, Pooja Aggarwal, Neil E. Robbins, Mark C. Thompson, Pedro L. Rodriguez, Malcolm J. Bennett, Teva Vernoux, Sacha J. Mooney, Lina Duan, Han Qi Tan, Craig J. Sturrock, Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, Department of Biology, Stanford University, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University, Carnegie Institution for Science endowment, National Research Foundation of Singapore, National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1147470], European Research Council FUTUREROOTS, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Moisture regulation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, Root system, Biology, Root hair, Stimulus (physiology), Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Aerenchyma, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Root system architecture, Tryptophan Transaminase, Auxin, Botany, Auxin-regulated root patterning, BIOQUIMICA Y BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Abscisic acid, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Arabidopsis Proteins, fungi, Lateral root, food and beverages, Water, Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Root development, chemistry, Adaptive root response, Biophysics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: [EN] The architecture of the branched root system of plants is a major determinant of vigor. Water availability is known to impact root physiology and growth; however, the spatial scale at which this stimulus influences root architecture is poorly understood. Here we reveal that differences in the availability of water across the circumferential axis of the root create spatial cues that determine the position of lateral root branches. We show that roots of several plant species can distinguish between a wet surface and air environments and that this also impacts the patterning of root hairs, anthocyanins, and aerenchyma in a phenomenon we describe as hydropatterning. This environmental response is distinct from a touch response and requires available water to induce lateral roots along a contacted surface. X-ray microscale computed tomography and 3D reconstruction of soil-grown root systems demonstrate that such responses also occur under physiologically relevant conditions. Using early-stage lateral root markers, we show that hydropatterning acts before the initiation stage and likely determines the circumferential position at which lateral root founder cells are specified. Hydro-patterning is independent of endogenous abscisic acid signaling, distinguishing it from a classic water-stress response. Higher water availability induces the biosynthesis and transport of the lateral root-inductive signal auxin through local regulation of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 and PIN-FORMED 3, both of which are necessary for normal hydropatterning. Our work suggests that water availability is sensed and interpreted at the suborgan level and locally patterns a wide variety of developmental processes in the root., We thank Jose Alonso, Fred Berger, Eva Benkova, Matt Evans, Annemarie Meijer, Ben Scheres, and Jian Xu for providing materials, and the J.R.D. laboratory for comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by a Carnegie Institution for Science endowment, the National Research Foundation of Singapore, a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE-1147470 (to N.E.R.), European Research Council FUTUREROOTS (C.J.S., M.C.T., S.J.M., and M.J.B.), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (C.J.S., S.J.M., and M.J.B.).
Published: 2014
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354. Spatial variability and temporal trends in water-use efficiency of European forests

Author: Tom Levanič, Ben Poulter, John S. Waterhouse, Emilia Gutiérrez, David Frank, Danny McCarroll, Iain Robertson, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Håkan Grudd, Tatjana Boettger, Fortunat Joos, Gerd Helle, Peter M. Wynn, Ingo Heinrich, Isabel Dorado Liñán, Markus Leuenberger, Emmi Hilasvuori, Giles H.F. Young, Eloni Sonninen, Matthias Saurer, Kerstin Treydte, Ewan J. Woodley, Ian J. Fairchild, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Mary Gagen, Risto Jalkanen, Hans W. Linderholm, Renato Spahni, Michael Friedrich, Marika Haupt, Neil J. Loader, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Geography [Swansea], Swansea University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Hohenheim, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of Gothenburg (GU), Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Helsinki, and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, Time Factors, Dendrochronology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, ta1171, Climate change, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Carbon Cycle, Trees, Water Cycle, Canvi climàtic, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Dendrocronologia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Hydrology, Climatology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Carbon Isotopes, Global and Planetary Change, Geography, Ecology, Boscos, Vegetation, Carbon Dioxide, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Climatic changes, ta4112, Climatic change, Europe, 13. Climate action, Climatologia, Spatial ecology, Common spatial pattern, Spatial variability, Europa, Temperate rainforest, 010606 plant biology & botany, Canvis climàtics
Abstract: The increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere in combination with climatic changes throughout the last century are likely to have had a profound effect on the physiology of trees: altering the carbon and water fluxes passing through the stomatal pores. However, the magnitude and spatial patterns of such changes in natural forests remain highly uncertain. Here, stable carbon isotope ratios from a network of 35 tree-ring sites located across Europe are investigated to determine the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance from 19012000. The results were compared with simulations of a dynamic vegetation model (LPX-Bern 1.0) that integrates numerous ecosystem and landatmosphere exchange processes in a theoretical framework. The spatial pattern of tree-ring derived iWUE of the investigated coniferous and deciduous species and the model results agreed significantly with a clear south-to-north gradient, as well as a general increase in iWUE over the 20th century. The magnitude of the iWUE increase was not spatially uniform, with the strongest increase observed and modelled for temperate forests in Central Europe, a region where summer soil-water availability decreased over the last century. We were able to demonstrate that the combined effects of increasing CO2 and climate change leading to soil drying have resulted in an accelerated increase of iWUE. These findings will help to reduce uncertainties in the land surface schemes of global climate models, where vegetationclimate feedbacks are currently still poorly constrained by observational data.
Published: 2014
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355. Friction Reduction through Ultrasonic Vibration Part 1: Modelling Intermittent Contact

Author: Djordje Perić, Tomaz Rodic, Eric Vezzoli, Frédéric Giraud, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Michael Adams, Vincenzo Giamundo, Zlatko Vidrih, Laboratoire d’Électrotechnique et d’Électronique de Puissance - ULR 2697 (L2EP), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering [Swansea], College of Engineering [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, Centre for Computational Continuum Mechanics [Ljubljana] (C3M ), Méthodes et outils pour l'Interaction à gestes (MINT2), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Centrale Lille-Haute Etude d'Ingénieurs-Université de Lille-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire d'Électrotechnique et d'Électronique de Puissance (L2EP) - ULR 2697, and Centre for Computational Continuum Mechanics [Ljubljana] [C3M ]
Subjects: Adult, Male, Friction modulation, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Friction, Acoustics, Finite Element Analysis, 02 engineering and technology, Models, Biological, Fingers, 03 medical and health sciences, Intermittent Contact, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical Stimulation, Slider, Humans, Coulombic Friction, Tactile devices and display, Tactile stimulator, Squeeze film effect, Ultrasonic devices, Normal force, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Mechanics, Finite element method, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Shear (sheet metal), Vibration, Ultrasonic Waves, Touch, Levitation, Reduction (mathematics), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Ultrasonic vibration is employed to modify the friction of a finger pad in way that induces haptic sensations. A combination of intermittent contact and squeeze film levitation has been previously proposed as the most probable mechanism. In this paper, in order to understand the underlying principles that govern friction modulation by intermittent contact, numerical models based on finite element (FE) analysis and also a spring-Coulombic slider are developed. The physical input parameters for the FE model are optimised by measuring the contact phase shift between a finger pad and a vibrating plate. The spring-slider model assists in the interpretation of the FE model and leads to the identification of a dimensionless group that allows the calculated coefficient of friction to be approximately superimposed onto an exponential function of the dimensionless group. Thus, it is possible to rationalise the computed relative reduction in friction being (i) dependent on the vibrational amplitude, frequency, and the intrinsic coefficient of friction of the device, and the reciprocal of the exploration velocity, and (ii) independent of the applied normal force, and the shear and extensional elastic moduli of the finger skin provided that intermittent contact is sufficiently well developed. Experimental validation of the modelling using real and artificial fingertips will be reported in part 2 of this work, which supports the current modelling.
Published: 2017
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356. Polynomial chaos-based extended Padé expansion in structural dynamics

Author: JACQUELIN, Eric, Dessombz, Olivier, Sinou, Jean-Jacques, Adhikari, Sondipon, FRISWELL, Michael Ian, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), College of Engineering [Swansea], and Swansea University
Subjects: SYSTEME DYNAMIQUE, RANDOM DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS, POLYNOMIAL CHAOS EXPANSION, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], MULTIVARIATE PADE APPROXIMANTS, RANDOM MODES
Abstract: The response of a random dynamical system is totally characterized by its probability density function (pdf). However, determining a pdf by a direct approach requires a high numerical cost; similarly, surrogate models such as direct polynomial chaos expansions are not generally efficient, especially around the eigenfrequencies of the dynamical system. In the present study, a new approach based on Padé approximants to obtain moments and pdf of the dynamic response in the frequency domain is proposed. A key difference between the direct polynomial chaos representation and the Padé representation is that the Padé approach has polynomials in both numerator and denominator. For frequency response functions, the denominator plays a vital role as it contains the information related to resonance frequencies, which are uncertain. A Galerkin approach in conjunction with polynomial chaos is proposed for the Padé approximation. Another physics-based approach, utilizing polynomial chaos expansions of the random eigenmodes, is proposed and compared with the proposed Padé approach. It is shown that both methods give accurate results even if a very low degree of the polynomial expansion is used. The methods are demonstrated for two degree-of-freedom system with one and two uncertain parameters.
Published: 2017
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357. Size fractionation as a tool for separating charcoal of different fuel source and recalcitrance in the wildfire ash layer

Author: Stefan H. Doerr, Victoria A. Hudspith, Daniela Montecchio, Cornelia Rumpel, Giacomo Certini, Giovanni Mastrolonardo, Ornella Francioso, Department BIOSystem Engineering, Université de Liège, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), wildFIRE Lab, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Geography [Swansea], Swansea University, Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente (DISPAA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), European Commission, European Science Foundation [3690], UK Natural Environment Research Council Urgency Grant [NE/F00131X/1], Leverhulme Research Fellowship [RF-2016456\2], European Project: 600405, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Geography Department, University of Dundee, University of Florence (UNIFI), Mastrolonardo, Giovanni, Hudspith, Victoria A., Francioso, Ornella, Rumpel, Cornelia, Montecchio, Daniela, Doerr, Stefan H., and Certini, Giacomo
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fraction (chemistry), Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Black carbon, Pyrogenic organic carbon, Biochar, Charcoal reflectance, Thermal recalcitrance index, Environmental Chemistry, Charcoal, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Waste management, Forest fire, 15. Life on land, Forest fire, Pyrogenic organic carbon, Biochar, Black carbon, Thermal recalcitrance, Charcoal reflectance, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Particle size
Abstract: Charcoal is a heterogeneous material exhibiting a diverse range of properties. This variability represents a serious challenge in studies that use the properties of natural charcoal for reconstructing wildfires history in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that particle size is a sufficiently robust indicator for separating forest wildfire combustion products into fractions with distinct properties. For this purpose, we examined two different forest environments affected by contrasting wildfires in terms of severity: an eucalypt forest in Australia, which experienced an extremely severe wildfire, and a Mediterranean pine forest in Italy, which burned to moderate severity. We fractionated the ash/charcoal layers collected on the ground into four size fractions (> 2, 2-1, 1-0.5, < 0.5 mm) and analysed them for mineral ash content, elemental composition, chemical structure (by IR spectroscopy), fuel source and charcoal reflectance (by reflected-light microscopy), and chemical/thermal recalcitrance (by chemical and thermal oxidation). At both sites, the finest fraction (< 0.5 mm) had, by far, the greatest mass. The C concentration and C/N ratio decreased with decreasing size fraction, while pH and the mineral ash content followed the opposite trend. The coarser fractions showed higher contribution of amorphous carbon and stronger recalcitrance. We also observed that certain fuel types were preferentially represented by particular size fractions. We conclude that the differences between ash/charcoal size fractions were most likely primarily imposed by fuel source and secondarily by burning conditions. Size fractionation can therefore serve as a valuable tool to characterise the forest wildfire combustion products, as each fraction displays a narrower range of properties than the whole sample. We propose the mineral ash content of the fractions as criterion for selecting the appropriate number of fractions to analyse.
Published: 2017
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358. Rôle du Sélénium dans le métabolisme, la croissance et la maturation du cartilage articulaire

Author: Bissardon, Caroline, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes, University of Swansea (Swansea (GB)), Laurent Charlet, Sylvain Bohic, and STAR, ABES
Subjects: [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Selenium, Cartilage, Microscpectroscopy, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Osteoarthritis, Arthrose, Microspectroscopie
Abstract: In China, a severe musculoskeletal disease called Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is largely endemic over a large geographical area. It has been reported that more than 2.5 million people in China suffer from KBD and about 30 million people are at risk. Geological and epidemiological investigations have shown that a strong correlation exists between the location of selenium (Se) deficient soils and the distribution of KBD in the population. The disease is manifested as degradation of the matrix, cell necrosis mainly in the articular and growth plate cartilage, which can result in growth retardation, secondary osteoarthrosis, and disability in daily life. The worst forms of this disease tend to start in childhood, which may lead to dwarfism. Selenium is present everywhere in the environment (water, air, soils) and it is mainly incorporated to the human organism through the daily diet (water, cereals). Although this trace nutriment element is essential for normal cellular function. Most of the selenium-related -functions and pathways remain incompletely understood. Whilst vital for normal function, it is toxic at concentration slightly higher than that required by the body. Consequently, it is present within the organism in parts per billion (microgram per liter) making it difficult to localize and analyze its role in metabolism. Despite being a trace element it is an essential component of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory-related proteins that protect cells against oxidative attack. Furthermore, several studies have exposed the role selenium plays in tissue development such as in articular cartilage. This action seems to be mediated via selenoproteins that are indirectly involved in normal cartilage growth and homeostasis. In the USA, a clinical study has shown strong evidence that Se-deficiency influences cartilage metabolism inducing a favorable environment for the onset and the progression of osteoarthritis. Even if the selenium is not the only factor in the development of degenerative joint disease, it is highly likely that its absence impacts its growth and development of articular cartilage. The main focus of this study was then to understand better the role of Se in the normal metabolic processes of articular cartilage. Cultures of articular cartilage explants were used on a previously validated in vitro model of tissue maturation to analyze the role of selenium in growth and development. Physical and chemical experiments were preformed to understand how the presence of selenium affects tissue organization. It has been possible to determine a fundamental recurrent pattern of Se-distribution in the tissue. It appears to be localized at cell-matrix interfaces and it can be hypothesized that Se plays role in cell signaling or mechanotransduction. Biomechanical, structural and molecular analyses have been made to characterize the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage treated with different concentrations of Se-level. We discovered that Se-deficiency induces morphological changes in the cartilage matrix during the fast maturation-like process, which could be related to degenerative-like morphology of the cartilage. This could potentially be associated with degenerative changes that occur in KBD patient during childhood. This project is a prospective work for a potential future enhancement of the regenerative or preventive treatments for specific musculoskeletal diseases with a metabolic component., En Chine, une grave maladie musculo-squelettique appelée la maladie de Kashin-Beck (KBD) se retrouve distribué sur une large zone géographique. Cette maladie touche plus de deux millions d'individus, notamment dans le centre de la Chine, et il est admis que plus de 30 millions d’individus seraient à risque. Des études géologiques et épidémiologiques ont montré une forte corrélation entre les zones de déficience en Se dans les sols et de KBD. KBD est une ostéoarthropathie, caractérisée par la destruction des chondrocytes du cartilage, très douloureuse et invalidantes, pouvant conduire à des déformations articulaires importantes. Le sélénium (Se) est présent partout dans l'environnement (eau, air, sols) et nos besoins physiologiques en Se sont couverts par notre alimentation quotidienne (eau, céréales). Bien que cet élément trace soit un nutriment essentiel pour la fonction cellulaire normale, ses mécanismes d’action ainsi que les transformations métaboliques de ses composés dans le corps humain ne sont toujours pas bien déterminés. Toutefois, à une dose un peu supérieure à la dose recommandée, il peut, selon la forme chimique ingéré, devenir toxique. Par conséquent, on retrouve le Se en très faible quantité (µg/L) dans l'organisme, ce qui rend difficile sa localisation et l’analyse de son rôle dans le métabolisme. Le Se fait partie de sites biologiquement actifs de protéines impliquées dans les mécanismes antioxydants de défense et le contrôle rédox des réactions intracellulaires. En outre, plusieurs études ont mis en évidence le rôle que joue de Se dans le développement des tissus tels que le cartilage articulaire. Cette action semble être médiée par l'intermédiaire de sélénoprotéines et seraient indirectement impliqués dans la croissance du cartilage normal et l'homéostasie. Aux Etats-Unis, une étude clinique a montré des preuves solides de l’influences d’un déficit en Se dans le métabolisme du cartilage conduisant un environnement favorable à l'apparition et la progression de l'arthrose. Même si le Se n’est pas le seul facteur dans le développement de maladies, il est fort probable que son absence impacte la croissance et le développement du cartilage articulaire. Un modèle in vitro de maturation accélérée du cartilage articulaire (explants) nous a permis d’analyser l'impact du sélénium dans la croissance et le développement de ce tissu. Des expériences biologiques, biophysiques et chimiques ont été réalisées pour comprendre comment la présence de Se affecte l'organisation des tissus. Un schéma récurrent de la distribution du Se dans le tissu a été découvert. Il semble être localisé au niveau des interfaces cellule-matrice, offrant des hypothèses intéressantes pour de futures études sur le rôle potentiel du Se dans la signalisation cellulaire ou transduction mécanique. Des analyses biomécaniques, structurelles et moléculaires ont été faites pour caractériser la matrice extracellulaire du cartilage articulaire traités avec différentes concentrations de Se. Il semble être localisé au niveau des interfaces cellule-matrice, ce qui suggère que le Se joue un rôle dans la signalisation cellulaire ou transduction mécanique. Des analyses biomécaniques, structurelles et moléculaires ont été faites pour caractériser la matrice du cartilage articulaire traités avec différentes concentrations de Se. Nous avons découvert qu’un déficit en Se peut induire à une morphologie proche de celle de l'arthrose lors de la maturation du cartilage immature. Cependant, le rôle exact de ce déficit en Se induisant ce type de phénotype reste inconnu. Ce projet contribue à une meilleure compréhension du Se dans le cartilage tout en montrant les difficultés d’étude du Se dans les milieux biologiques et les techniques permettant d’y répondre, mais aussi souligne l’importance de prendre en compte le Se comme élément important de traitements régénérateurs ou préventifs pour ce types de maladies.
Published: 2016

359. S-parameter and vector decay constant in QCD with eight fundamental fermions

Author: LatKMI Collaboration, Aoki, Yasumichi, Aoyama, Tatsumi, Bennett, Ed, Kurachi, Masafumi, Maskawa, Toshihide, Miura, Kohtaroh, Nagai, Kei-ichi, Ohki, Hiroshi, Rinaldi, Enrico, Shibata, Akihiro, Yamawaki, Koichi, Yamazaki, Takeshi, Lellouch, Laurent, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, Finite volume method, [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, Technicolor, [PHYS.HLAT] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], Fermion, Massless particle, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Symmetry breaking, Gauge theory
Abstract: SU(3) gauge theory with eight massless fundamental fermions seems to be near the conformal boundary, and is a candidate theory of walking technicolor. Along the series of study by LatKMI collaboration using HISQ fermions, S-parameter and vector decay constant, which provide important constraints in the model of electroweak symmetry breaking, are calculated for this theory. Use of various volumes allows a systematic investigation of finite volume effects. A strong sensitivity of the S-parameter to the volume is found., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14-18, 2015, Kobe, Japan
Published: 2016
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360. Large mass hierarchies from strongly-coupled dynamics

Author: Daniel Elander, Georg Bergner, Ed Bennett, Andreas Athenodorou, C.-J. David Lin, Biagio Lucini, Maurizio Piai, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, University of Cyprus (UCY), Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bern [Bern], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Swansea University, University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics beyond the Standard Model, toy model, fermion: flavor, 01 natural sciences, anomalous dimension, gauge field theory: SU(2), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), strong interaction: new interaction, Gauge theory, resonance: mass, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, gravitation: duality, new physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), lattice field theory, Observable, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, CERN LHC Coll, fixed point: infrared, Higgs boson, Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, fermion: Wilson, 530 Physics, Lattice field theory, Adjoint representation, FOS: Physical sciences, Higgs particle: composite, nonperturbative, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Lattice, mass: hierarchy, 0103 physical sciences, flavor: 2, Quantum field theory, flavor: 1, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, field theory: conformal, Toy model, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], Fermion, Mass ratio, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], mass ratio, gauge field theory: nonabelian
Abstract: Besides the Higgs particle discovered in 2012, with mass 125 GeV, recent LHC data show tentative signals for new resonances in diboson as well as diphoton searches at high center-of-mass energies (2 TeV and 750 GeV, respectively). If these signals are confirmed (or other new resonances are discovered at the TeV scale), the large hierarchies between masses of new bosons require a dynamical explanation. Motivated by these tentative signals of new physics, we investigate the theoretical possibility that large hierarchies in the masses of glueballs could arise dynamically in new strongly-coupled gauge theories extending the standard model of particle physics. We study lattice data on non-Abelian gauge theories in the (near-)conformal regime as well as a simple toy model in the context of gauge/gravity dualities. We focus our attention on the ratio $R$ between the mass of the lightest spin-2 and spin-0 resonances, that for technical reasons is a particularly convenient and clean observable to study. For models in which (non-perturbative) large anomalous dimensions arise dynamically, we show indications that this mass ratio can be large, with $R>5$. Moreover, our results suggest that $R$ might be related to universal properties of the IR fixed point. Our findings provide an interesting step towards understanding large mass ratios in the non-perturbative regime of quantum field theories with (near) IR conformal behaviour., 27 pages, 5 figures. Typos corrected, reference added. Version aligned with the JHEP publication
Published: 2016
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361. The Medicago Genome Provides Insight into the Evolution of Rhizobial Symbioses

Author: Claude Scarpelli, Thomas Schiex, Ghislaine Magdelenat, Michael K. Udvardi, Baifang Qin, Xinbin Dai, Jeff J. Doyle, Patrick X. Zhao, Hélène Bergès, Vagner A. Benedito, Arvind K. Bharti, Chrystel Gibelin, Dong-Hoon Jeong, Stéphane De Mita, Stephane Rombauts, Mingyi Wang, Nathalie Choisne, Simone L. Macmil, Patrick Wincker, Senjuti Sinharoy, Sylvie Samain, Christopher D. Town, Susan R. Singer, Heidrun Gundlach, Anne Berger, Jane Rogers, Kathrin Klee, Sarah Sims, Nevin D. Young, Stéphanie Fouteau, Claire Riddle, Iryna Sanders, John Gish, Limei Yang, René Geurts, Gregory D. May, Shiguo Zhou, Shweta Deshpande, David C. Schwartz, Anika Jöcker, Christine Nicholson, Ton Bisseling, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Antoine Zuber, Roxanne Denny, Chunting Lang, Carolien Franken, Douglas R. Cook, Ruihua Shi, Frédéric Debellé, Valérie Barbe, Giles E. D. Oldroyd, Foo Cheung, Lucy Matthews, Blake C. Meyers, Jeremy D. Murray, Dong-Jin Kim, Joann Mudge, Agnès Viollet, Heiko Schoof, Graham B. Wiley, Benjamin D. Rosen, Jean Dénarié, Florent Prion, Keqin Wang, Arnaud Bellec, Béatrice Segurens, Jeong Hwan Mun, Ernest F. Retzel, Sean Humphray, Andrew Farmer, D. Janine Sherrier, Lieven Sterck, Richard A. Dixon, Steven B. Cannon, Steve Kenton, Philippe Bardou, Alvaro J. González, Haibao Tang, Julie Poulain, Arnaud Couloux, Majesta O'Bleness, Pamela J. Green, Manuel Spannagl, Shelby L. Bidwell, Jixian Zhai, Asis Hallab, Anne Marie Dudez, Michael Bechner, Marina Naoumkina, James D. White, Francis Quetier, Marijke Hartog, Erin L. Monaghan, Charles Paule, Chunmei Qu, Andrew J. Severin, Céline Noirot, Fu Ying, Shaoping Lin, Ziyun Yao, Vivek Krishnakumar, Steven A. Goldstein, Axin Hua, Erika Sallet, Bing Bing Wang, Peng Zhou, Hongshing Lai, Yanbo Xing, Nicolas Samson, Jamison McCorrison, Doug White, Yi Jing, Olivier Saurat, Liping Zhou, Kevin A. T. Silverstein, Jean Weissenbach, Bruce A. Roe, Sebastian Proost, Yves Van de Peer, Xiaohong Wang, Jens Warfsmann, Jérôme Gouzy, Fares Z. Najar, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre [Norwich], Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, West Virginia University, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Department plant pathology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Delaware [Newark], J. Craig Venter Institute [La Jolla, USA] (JCVI), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, National center for genome resources (NCGR), BBSRC John Innes Centre, Partenaires INRAE, Bayer Cropscience, Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales (CNRGV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University, University of Oklahoma (OU), Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole (KVL ), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Wellcome Trust, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Rural Development Administration, Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle (UBIA), Carleton College, Funding support to N.D.Y., C. D. T. and B. A. R. from The Noble Foundation and NSF-PGRP 0321460, 0604966, to N.D.Y., J.M. and G. D. M. from NSF-PGRP 0820005, to C. D. T. from NSF-PGRP 0821966, to F. D., G.E.D.O., R. G., K. F. X. M., T. B., J. Denarie, F. Q. and J. R. from FP6 EU project GLIP/Grain Legumes FOOD-CT-2004-506223, to G.E.D.O. and J.R. from BBSRC BBS/B/11524, to F. D. and F. Q. from ANR project SEQMEDIC 2006-01122, to R. G. from the Dutch Science Organization VIDI 864.06.007, ERA-PG FP-06.038A, to Y.V.d.P. from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office IUAP P6/25, Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders and Ghent University (MRP N2N), to D. R. C. from NSF IOS-0531408, IOS-0605251, to D.J.S., B. C. M. and P.J.G. from USDA CSREES 2006-03567, and to J. Gouzy from 'Laboratoire d'Excellence' (LABEX) TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41). We also acknowledge technical support from the University of Minnesota Supercomputer Institute and thank Y.W. Nam for a BamHI BAC library used by Genoscope, S. Park and M. Accerbi for RNA isolation, T. Paape for statistical consulting, and M. Harrison for supplying myc infected and control root tissues used to make small RNA libraries.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, multidisciplinary science, 01 natural sciences, Genome, genomic, flavonoid biosynthesis, Vitis, genes, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Medicago, biology, truncatula, food and beverages, Biological Evolution, Medicago truncatula, plant science, duplications, Rhizobium, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genome, Plant, signal-transduction, science and technology, Lotus japonicus, Molecular Sequence Data, Genomics, Synteny, tetraploidy, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Nitrogen Fixation, Botany, evolution, expression, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Biologie, Medicago sativa, Symbiosis, 030304 developmental biology, fungi, Fabaceae, sequence, biology.organism_classification, arabidopsis, leguminosae, Soybeans, genetic, EPS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Chantier qualité GA; International audience; Legumes (Fabaceae or Leguminosae) are unique among cultivated plants for their ability to carry out endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobial bacteria, a process that takes place in a specialized structure known as the nodule. Legumes belong to one of the two main groups of eurosids, the Fabidae, which includes most species capable of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation1. Legumes comprise several evolutionary lineages derived from a common ancestor 60 million years ago (Myr ago). Papilionoids are the largest clade, dating nearly to the origin of legumes and containing most cultivated species2. Medicago truncatula is a long-established model for the study of legume biology. Here we describe the draft sequence of the M. truncatula euchromatin based on a recently completed BAC assembly supplemented with Illumina shotgun sequence, together capturing ~94% of all M. truncatula genes. A whole-genome duplication (WGD) approximately 58 Myr ago had a major role in shaping the M. truncatula genome and thereby contributed to the evolution of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Subsequent to the WGD, the M. truncatula genome experienced higher levels of rearrangement than two other sequenced legumes, Glycine max and Lotus japonicus. M. truncatula is a close relative of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a widely cultivated crop with limited genomics tools and complex autotetraploid genetics. As such, the M. truncatula genome sequence provides significant opportunities to expand alfalfa’s genomic toolbox.
Published: 2011
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362. Panoptic Segmentation of Galactic Structures in LSB Images

Author: Richards, Felix, Paiement, Adeline, Xie, Xianghua, Sola, Elisabeth, Duc, Pierre-Alain, Swansea University, Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DYNamiques de l’Information (DYNI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ce projet a obtenu le soutien financier du CNRS à travers les programmes interdisciplinaires de la MITI, and This project has received financial support from the CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV]
Abstract: International audience; We explore the use of deep learning to localise galactic structures in low surface brightness (LSB) images. LSB imaging reveals many interesting structures, though these are frequently confused with galactic dust contamination, due to a strong local visual similarity. We propose a novel unified approach to multi-class segmentation of galactic structures and of extended amorphous image contaminants. Our panoptic segmentation model combines Mask R-CNN with a contaminant specialised network and utilises an adaptive preprocessing layer to better capture the subtle features of LSB images. Further, a human-in-the-loop training scheme is employed to augment ground truth labels. These different approaches are evaluated in turn, and together greatly improve the detection of both galactic structures and contaminants in LSB images.
Published: 2023

363. Domain-informed graph neural networks: a quantum chemistry case study

Author: Morgan, Jay, Paiement, Adeline, Klinke, Christian, DYNamiques de l’Information (DYNI), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swansea University, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Rostock
Subjects: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Physics - Chemical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [CHIM.CHEM]Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract: International audience; We explore different strategies to integrate prior domain knowledge into the design of a deep neural network (DNN). We focus on graph neural networks (GNN), with a use case of estimating the potential energy of chemical systems (molecules and crystals) represented as graphs. We integrate two elements of domain knowledge into the design of the GNN to constrain and regularise its learning, towards higher accuracy and generalisation. First, knowledge on the existence of different types of relations (chemical bonds) between atoms is used to modulate the interaction of nodes in the GNN. Second, knowledge of the relevance of some physical quantities is used to constrain the learnt features towards a higher physical relevance using a simple multi-task paradigm. We demonstrate the general applicability of our knowledge integrations by applying them to two architectures that rely on different mechanisms to propagate information between nodes and to update node states
Published: 2023

364. System Performances of Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifiers

Author: Laurent Provino, Eric Lantz, Armand Vedadi, Thibaut Sylvestre, Arnaud Mussot, Hervé Maillotte, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swansea Universite - Inst Adv Telecommun, Swansea University, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: Engineering, optical fibers, Optical fiber, Physics::Optics, parametric, 02 engineering and technology, Optical modulation amplitude, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Optical amplifier, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], amplifiers and converters, business.industry, Amplifier, nonlinear optics, Nonlinear optics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Photonics, business, optical amplifiers
Abstract: The research field of fiber optical parametric amplifiers has steadily expanded over the last two decades as a host of all-optical signal processing techniques have been demonstrated in nonlinear optical fibers such as wavelength conversion, optical regeneration, optical switching, limiting, buffering, and sampling. This article reviews the system performances of theses parametric devices such as gain bandwidth, focuses on the main limitations and demonstrates efficient techniques for suppressing them. ∗ Arnaud Mussot is now with the Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molecules, Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Asq cedex, France. † Armand Vedadi is now with the Institute of Advanced Telecommunications, Swansea University, Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales, United Kingdom. ‡ Laurent Provino is now with PERFOS, 11 rue de Broglie, 22300 Lannion, France.
Published: 2008
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365. Population-genomic insights into emergence, crop adaptation and dissemination of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens

Author: Caroline L. Monteil, Leonardos Mageiros, Koji Yahara, Boris A. Vinatzer, Samuel K. Sheppard, Guillaume Méric, Cindy E. Morris, Bryan Swingle, David J. Studholme, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Microbiologie Environnementale et Moléculaire (MEM), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swansea University, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University (Dept. of Sports Science), National Institute of Infectious Diseases [Tokyo], Biosciences, The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Bath [Bath], School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University [New York], Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science [Blacksburg] (PPPWS), Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], National Science Foundation of the USA, Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Medical Research Council (MRC) grant MR/L015080/1, and the Wellcome Trust grant 088786/C/09/Z, NISCHR Health Research Fellowship, INRA, European Project: 221922, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Integrative Plant Science [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], University of Oxford, Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), National Institute of Infectious Diseases of Tokyo, Cornell University, Vinatzer, Boris A., and Sheppard, Samuel K.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, cycle de l'eau, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Population, Virulence, Pseudomonas syringae, Disease emergence, pathoadaptation, crop diseases, type III secreted effectors, Locus (genetics), Biology, phytopathogenic bacteria, microbial ecology, analyse phylogénétique, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, habitat non agricole, Biodiversity and Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, genetique des populations, épidémiologie végétale, education, Pathogen, pathologie végétale, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, bactérie phytopathogène, education.field_of_study, écologie microbienne, Effector, fungi, Outbreak, food and beverages, General Medicine, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, source d'inoculum, Sciences agricoles, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Many bacterial pathogens are well characterized but, in some cases, little is known about the populations from which they emerged. This limits understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease. The crop pathogen Pseudomonas syringae sensu lato has been widely isolated from the environment, including wild plants and components of the water cycle, and causes disease in several economically important crops. Here, we compared genome sequences of 45 P. syringae crop pathogen outbreak strains with 69 closely related environmental isolates. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that crop pathogens emerged many times independently from environmental populations. Unexpectedly, differences in gene content between environmental populations and outbreak strains were minimal with most virulence genes present in both. However, a genome-wide association study identified a small number of genes, including the type III effector genes hopQ1 and hopD1, to be associated with crop pathogens, but not with environmental populations, suggesting that this small group of genes may play an important role in crop disease emergence. Intriguingly, genome-wide analysis of homologous recombination revealed that the locus Psyr 0346, predicted to encode a protein that confers antibiotic resistance, has been frequently exchanged among lineages and thus may contribute to pathogen fitness. Finally, we found that isolates from diseased crops and from components of the water cycle, collected during the same crop disease epidemic, form a single population. This provides the strongest evidence yet that precipitation and irrigation water are an overlooked inoculum source for disease epidemics caused by P. syringae.
Published: 2016
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366. Registration and Modeling from Spaced and Misaligned Image Volumes

Author: Majid Mirmehdi, Mark Hamilton, Adeline Paiement, Xianghua Xie, Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Computer Science [Swansea], Swansea University, Radiology Department Bristol Royal Infirmary, and University Hospitals Bristol
Subjects: shape interpolation, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Image registration, 02 engineering and technology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Robustness (computer science), registration, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Medical imaging, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Segmentation, Computer vision, Mathematics, Pixel, business.industry, segmentation, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Pattern recognition, Mutual information, Image segmentation, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, level set methods !, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Object model, Modeling methodologies, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, level set methods, Artificial intelligence, business, Software
Abstract: International audience; We address the problem of object modeling from 3D and 3D+T data made up of images which contain different parts of an object of interest, are separated by large spaces, and are misaligned with respect to each other. These images have only a limited number of intersections, hence making their registration particularly challenging. Furthermore, such data may result from various medical imaging modalities and can therefore present very diverse spatial configurations. Previous methods perform registration and object modeling (segmentation and interpolation) sequentially. However, sequential registration is ill-suited for the case of images with few intersections. We propose a new methodology which, regardless of the spatial configuration of the data, performs the three stages of registration, segmentation, and shape interpolation from spaced and misaligned images simultaneously. We integrate these three processes in a level set framework, in order to benefit from their synergistic interactions. We also propose a new registration method that exploits segmentation information rather than pixel intensities, and that accounts for the global shape of the object of interest, for increased robustness and accuracy. The accuracy of registration is compared against traditional mutual information based methods, and the total modeling framework is assessed against traditional sequential processing and validated on artificial, CT, and MRI data.
Published: 2016
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367. Polynomial chaos expansion with random and fuzzy variables

Author: Michael I. Friswell, Eric Jacquelin, Jean-Jacques Sinou, Olivier Dessombz, Sondipon Adhikari, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, parent, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Multivariate random variable, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Aerospace Engineering, POLYNOMIAL CHAOS EXPANSION, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fuzzy logic, FUZZY VARIABLES, BIOMECANIQUE, 0203 mechanical engineering, RANDOM SYSTEMS, 0103 physical sciences, Fuzzy number, 010301 acoustics, Legendre polynomials, RANDOM VARIABLES, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mathematics, Polynomial chaos, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Computer Science Applications, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Convergence of random variables, Control and Systems Engineering, STEADY-STATE RESPONSE, Signal Processing, Sum of normally distributed random variables, Random variable
Abstract: A dynamical uncertain system is studied in this paper. Two kinds of uncertainties are addressed, where the uncertain parameters are described through random variables and/or fuzzy variables. A general framework is proposed to deal with both kinds of uncertainty using a polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). It is shown that fuzzy variables may be expanded in terms of polynomial chaos when Legendre polynomials are used. The components of the PCE are a solution of an equation that does not depend on the nature of uncertainty. Once this equation is solved, the post-processing of the data gives the moments of the random response when the uncertainties are random or gives the response interval when the variables are fuzzy. With the PCE approach, it is also possible to deal with mixed uncertainty, when some parameters are random and others are fuzzy. The results provide a fuzzy description of the response statistical moments.
Published: 2016
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368. Enrichment of hydroxylated C24-and C26-acyl-chain sphingolipids mediates PIN2 apical sorting at trans-Golgi network subdomains

Author: Lysiane Brocard, Patrick Moreau, Nicolas Esnay, Valérie Wattelet-Boyer, Frédéric Domergue, Sébastien Mongrand, Natasha V. Raikhel, Jérôme Joubès, Kristoffer Jonsson, Rishikesh P. Bhalerao, Yohann Boutté, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut François Magendie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Umea Plant Science Center (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Biologie végétale intégrative (BVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Center for Plant Cell Biology - Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, initiative d'excellence de l'Universite de Bordeaux (IdEx Bordeaux), French National Research Center (CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) [NT09_517917, 2010 BLAN 1319 03], Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation, French National Research Agency [ANR-10-INBS-04, ANR-11-INBS-0010], Umeå Plant Science Centre - Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), College of Science, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Boutté, Yohann, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, macromolecular substances, Biology, environment and public health, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Auxin, Arabidopsis, Compartment (development), chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, fungi, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Apical membrane, Golgi apparatus, biology.organism_classification, Secretory Vesicle, Sphingolipid, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], carbohydrates (lipids), 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Acyl chain, symbols, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract: The post-Golgi compartment trans-Golgi Network (TGN) is a central hub divided into multiple subdomains hosting distinct trafficking pathways, including polar delivery to apical membrane. Lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols have been implicated in polar trafficking from the TGN but the underlying mechanisms linking lipid composition to functional polar sorting at TGN subdomains remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that sphingolipids with α-hydroxylated acyl-chains of at least 24 carbon atoms are enriched in secretory vesicle subdomains of the TGN and are critical for de novo polar secretory sorting of the auxin carrier PIN2 to apical membrane of Arabidopsis root epithelial cells. We show that sphingolipid acyl-chain length influences the morphology and interconnections of TGN-associated secretory vesicles. Our results uncover that the sphingolipids acyl-chain length links lipid composition of TGN subdomains with polar secretory trafficking of PIN2 to apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells., Sphingolipids in the trans-Golgi network have been implicated in polar trafficking. Here Wattelet-Boyer et al. show that hydroxylated C24- and C26-acyl-chain sphingolipids are enriched in trans-Golgi network subdomains that are critical for polar sorting of the PIN2 auxin carrier in plant cells.
Published: 2016
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369. Emergeables: Deformable Displays for Continuous Eyes-Free Mobile Interaction

Author: Laurence Nigay, Simon Robinson, Matt Jones, Matheus F. Torquato, Céline Coutrix, Juan Rosso, Jennifer Pearson, Department of Computer Science [Swansea], Swansea University, Ingénierie de l’Interaction Homme-Machine (IIHM ), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of Stuttgart, and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Flexibility (engineering), business.industry, Computer science, 05 social sciences, Work (physics), 020207 software engineering, Usability, 02 engineering and technology, Resolution (logic), law.invention, Touchscreen, law, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], business, Affordance, Mobile interaction, 050107 human factors
Abstract: International audience; We present the concept of Emergeables - mobile surfaces that can deform or 'morph' to provide fully-actuated, tangible controls. Our goal in this work is to provide the flexibility of graphical touchscreens, coupled with the affordance and tactile benefits offered by physical widgets. In contrast to previous research in the area of deformable displays, our work focuses on continuous controls (e.g., dials or sliders), and strives for fully-dynamic positioning, providing versatile widgets that can change shape and location depending on the user's needs. We describe the design and implementation of two prototype emergeables built to demonstrate the concept, and present an in-depth evaluation that compares both with a touchscreen alternative. The results show the strong potential of emergeables for on-demand, eyes-free control of continuous parameters, particularly when comparing the accuracy and usability of a high-resolution emergeable to a standard GUI approach. We conclude with a discussion of the level of resolution that is necessary for future emergeables, and suggest how high-resolution versions might be achieved.
Published: 2016
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370. Role of Roots of Orthogonal Polynomials in the Dynamic Response of Stochastic Systems

Author: JACQUELIN, Eric, Dessombz, Olivier, Adhikari, Sondipon, Friswell, Michael I, Sinou, Jean-Jacques, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Engineering [Swansea], and Swansea University
Subjects: ROOTS OF ORTHOGONAL, POLYNOMIAL CHAOS EXPANSION, [PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Mehler–Heine formula, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Classical orthogonal polynomials, symbols.namesake, 0203 mechanical engineering, POLYNOMIALS, CONVERGENCE, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Polynomial chaos, Gegenbauer polynomials, Mechanical Engineering, Discrete orthogonal polynomials, Mathematical analysis, Physics::Classical Physics, 010101 applied mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Difference polynomials, MECANIQUE, Mechanics of Materials, STEADY-STATE RESPONSE, Orthogonal polynomials, symbols, RANDOM DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS, Jacobi polynomials
Abstract: This paper investigates the fundamental nature of the polynomial chaos (PC) response of dynamic systems with uncertain parameters in the frequency domain. The eigenfrequencies of the extended matrix arising from a PC formulation govern the convergence of the dynamic response. It is shown that, in the particular case of uncertainties and with Hermite and Legendre polynomials, the PC eigenfrequencies are related to the roots of the underlying polynomials, which belong to the polynomial chaos set used to derive the polynomial chaos expansion. When Legendre polynomials are used, the PC eigenfrequencies remain in a bounded interval close to the deterministic eigenfrequencies because they are related to the roots of a Legendre polynomial. The higher the PC order, the higher the density of the PC eigenfrequencies close to the bounds of the interval, and this tends to smooth the frequency response quickly. In contrast, when Hermite polynomials are used, the PC eigenfrequencies spread from the deterministic eigenfrequencies (the highest roots of the Hermite polynomials tend to infinity when the order tends to infinity). Consequently, when the PC number increases, the smoothing effect becomes inefficient.
Published: 2016
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371. Macroscopic quantum resonators (MAQRO): 2015 Update

Author: Keith Schwab, Sougato Bose, Peter Barker, Ulrich Johann, Norman Gürlebeck, Claus Braxmaier, Časlav Brukner, Sabine Hossenfelder, Antoine Heidmann, Astrid Lambrecht, Gerald Hechenblaikner, Catalina Curceanu, Rupert Ursin, Gerard J. Milburn, Guglielmo M. Tino, Holger Müller, Myungshik Kim, Nikolai Kiesel, Klaus Döringshoff, Claus Lämmerzahl, Kai Bongs, Albert Roura, Markus Aspelmeyer, Jan Gieseler, Martin Tajmar, Markus Arndt, Wolfgang P. Schleich, Sven Herrmann, Serge Reynaud, Bruno Christophe, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Wolfgang Ertmer, Manuel Rodrigues, Rainer Kaltenbaek, André Pilan-Zanoni, M. Chwalla, Hendrik Ulbricht, Michael Mazilu, C. Jess Riedel, Kishan Dholakia, James Bateman, Pierre-François Cohadon, Igor Pikovski, Ernst M. Rasel, Thilo Schuldt, A. M. Cruise, Lukas Novotny, Achim Peters, Angelo Bassi, Loïc Rondin, Vlatko Vedral, Mauro Paternostro, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Vienna, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste ( INFN, Sezione di Trieste ), National Institute for Nuclear Physics ( INFN ), Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], German Aerospace Center ( DLR ), ZARM, University of Bremen, Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information ( IQOQI ), Austrian Academy of Sciences ( OeAW ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Chatillon ), ONERA, Airbus Defence and Space Germany, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Jussieu) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Wigner Research Center for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences [Budapest], Institut fur Physik, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] ( LUH ), Photonics Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), European Southern Observatory ( ESO ), Nordita, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Physics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ( CfA ), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, EN-STI-TCD, CERN [Genève], Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics [Waterloo], Institut für Quantenphysik, Universität Ulm, Texas A & M University Institute for Advanced Study, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Institut für Luft -und Raumfahrttechnik, Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], School of Physics and Astronomy [Southampton], University of Southampton [Southampton], Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford [Oxford], Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore ( NUS ), University College of London [London] (UCL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (INFN, Sezione di Trieste), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), Universität Bremen, Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Photonics Laboratory [ETH Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (NORDITA), University of California-University of California, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Southampton, Clarendon Laboratory [Oxford], Centre for Quantum Technologies [Singapore] (CQT), National University of Singapore (NUS), Kaltenbaek, Rainer, Aspelmeyer, Marku, Barker, Peter F, Bassi, Angelo, Bateman, Jame, Bongs, Kai, Bose, Sougato, Braxmaier, Clau, Brukner, Časlav, Christophe, Bruno, Chwalla, Michael, Cohadon, Pierre-Françoi, Cruise, Adrian Michael, Curceanu, Catalina, Dholakia, Kishan, Diósi, Lajo, Döringshoff, Klau, Ertmer, Wolfgang, Gieseler, Jan, Gürlebeck, Norman, Hechenblaikner, Gerald, Heidmann, Antoine, Herrmann, Sven, Hossenfelder, Sabine, Johann, Ulrich, Kiesel, Nikolai, Kim, Myungshik, Lämmerzahl, Clau, Lambrecht, Astrid, Mazilu, Michael, Milburn, Gerard J, Müller, Holger, Novotny, Luka, Paternostro, Mauro, Peters, Achim, Pikovski, Igor, Zanoni, André Pilan, Rasel, Ernst M, Reynaud, Serge, Riedel, Charles Je, Rodrigues, Manuel, Rondin, Loïc, Roura, Albert, Schleich, Wolfgang P, Schmiedmayer, Jörg, Schuldt, Thilo, Schwab, Keith C, Tajmar, Martin, Tino, Guglielmo M, Ulbricht, Hendrik, Ursin, Rupert, Vedral, Vlatko, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humboldt University Of Berlin, Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and University of Oxford
Subjects: DECOHERENCE, Matter waves, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optic, Computer science, Quantum physics, SPONTANEOUS LOCALIZATION, Space, Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical, Space (mathematics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Gravitation, quant-ph, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Quantum optomechanic, PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER, Matter wave, WAVE-FUNCTION COLLAPSE, Quantum, Optical trapping, Quantum Science & Technology, Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, GROUND-STATE, Physical Sciences, symbols, LEVITATED NANOSPHERE, Quantum physic, [ PHYS.QPHY ] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physic, Quantum optomechanics, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Quality (philosophy), MAQRO, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, NANOMECHANICAL OSCILLATOR, Science & Technology, Optics, Control and Systems Engineering, Quantum technology, RANDOM-WALK, REDUCTION, CAVITY, and Optics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Schrödinger's cat
Abstract: Do the laws of quantum physics still hold for macroscopic objects - this is at the heart of Schr\"odinger's cat paradox - or do gravitation or yet unknown effects set a limit for massive particles? What is the fundamental relation between quantum physics and gravity? Ground-based experiments addressing these questions may soon face limitations due to limited free-fall times and the quality of vacuum and microgravity. The proposed mission MAQRO may overcome these limitations and allow addressing those fundamental questions. MAQRO harnesses recent developments in quantum optomechanics, high-mass matter-wave interferometry as well as state-of-the-art space technology to push macroscopic quantum experiments towards their ultimate performance limits and to open new horizons for applying quantum technology in space. The main scientific goal of MAQRO is to probe the vastly unexplored "quantum-classical" transition for increasingly massive objects, testing the predictions of quantum theory for truly macroscopic objects in a size and mass regime unachievable in ground-based experiments. The hardware for the mission will largely be based on available space technology. Here, we present the MAQRO proposal submitted in response to the (M4) Cosmic Vision call of the European Space Agency for a medium-size mission opportunity with a possible launch in 2025., Comment: 38 pages, 10 tables, 23 figures
Published: 2015
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372. Walking and conformal dynamics in many-flavor QCD

Author: Aoki, Y., Aoyama, T., Bennett, E., Kurachi, M., Maskawa, T., Miura, K., Nagai, K. -I, Ohki, H., Enrico Rinaldi, Shibata, A., Yamawaki, K., Yamazaki, T., Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], High Energy Physics::Lattice, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: In the search for a realistic walking technicolor model, QCD with many flavors is an attractive candidate. From the series of studies by the LatKMI collaboration, we present updated results of the scaling properties of various hadron spectra, including the (pseudo)scalar, vector, and baryon channels, for $N_f=8$ QCD analyzed with the HISQ action. By comparing these with $N_f=12$ QCD, which has properties consistent with conformality, possible signals of walking dynamics are discussed. We also present a preliminary result of the flavor-singlet pseudoscalar mass in many-flavor QCD., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2015), July 14-18, 2015, Kobe, Japan
Published: 2015

373. Lattice Studies on 8-Flavor QCD in The Light of Physics Beyond The Standard Model

Author: Toshihide Maskawa, Ed Bennett, Koichi Yamawaki, Masafumi Kurachi, Hiroshi Ohki, Yasumichi Aoki, Takeshi Yamazaki, Kei-ichi Nagai, Akihiro Shibata, Tatsumi Aoyama, Kohtaroh Miura, Enrico Rinaldi, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], High Energy Physics::Lattice, Physics beyond the Standard Model, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Lattice field theory, Technicolor, Lattice QCD, 01 natural sciences, Lattice gauge theory, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Boson
Abstract: We report the latest results of the LatKMI collaboration on 8-flavor QCD using Monte Carlo simulations of the lattice gauge theory. The subject receives growing interest with regards to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). We show that a flavor-singlet scalar meson (σ) emerges as one of the lightest bound states and can be a composite Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV. The light σ may be a technidilaton, a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson of the approximate scale symmetry, which results from a slowly running (walking) coupling constant associated with an infra-red fixed point. Consistently to this reasoning, a mass anomalous dimension γ is found to be large γ ∼ 1 . We discuss the applicability of 8-flavor QCD to the BSM model building.
Published: 2015
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374. Topological Insights in Many-Flavor QCD on the Lattice

Author: Aoki, Yasumichi, Aoyama, Tatsumi, Bennett, E., Kurachi, Masafumi, Maskawa, Toshihide, Miura, Kohtaroh, Nagai, Kei-Ichi, Ohki, Hiroshi, Rinaldi, Enrico, Shibata, Akihiro, Yamawaki, Koichi, Yamazaki, Takeshi, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)
Subjects: [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, lattice field theory, FOS: Physical sciences, susceptibility, anomalous dimension, Automatic Keywords, High Energy Physics - Lattice, conformal, confinement, charge: topological, quantum chromodynamics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, lattice
Abstract: LatKMI Collaboration discusses the topological insights in many-flavor QCD on the lattice. We explore walking/conformal/confining phase in $N_\mathrm{f}$ = 4, 8 and 12 (in particular $N_\mathrm{f}$ = 8) lattice QCD via the topological charge and susceptibility, eigenvalues and anomalous dimension., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. Contribution to Sakata Memorial KMI Workshop on "Origin of Mass and Strong Coupling Gauge Theories (SCGT15)", 3-6 March 2015, Nagoya University. An error in the author list was corrected
Published: 2015
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375. An algebraic framework for geometrically continuous splines

Author: Mantzaflaris, Angelos, Mourrain, Bernard, Villamizar, Nelly, Yuan, Beihui, AlgebRe, geOmetrie, Modelisation et AlgoriTHmes (AROMATH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), and Swansea University
Subjects: 41A15(Primary) 13D02, 65D07(Secondary), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Commutative Algebra (math.AC), Mathematics - Commutative Algebra
Abstract: Geometrically continuous splines are piecewise polynomial functions defined on a collection of patches which are stitched together through transition maps. They are called $G^{r}$-splines if, after composition with the transition maps, they are continuously differentiable functions to order $r$ on each pair of patches with stitched boundaries. This type of splines has been used to represent smooth shapes with complex topology for which (parametric) spline functions on fixed partitions are not sufficient. In this article, we develop new algebraic tools to analyze $G^r$-spline spaces. We define $G^{r}$-domains and transition maps using an algebraic approach, and establish an algebraic criterion to determine whether a piecewise function is $G^r$-continuous on the given domain. In the proposed framework, we construct a chain complex whose top homology is isomorphic to the $G^{r}$-spline space. This complex generalizes Billera-Schenck-Stillman homological complex used to study parametric splines. Additionally, we show how previous constructions of $G^r$-splines fit into this new algebraic framework, and present an algorithm to construct a bases for $G^r$-spline spaces. We illustrate how our algebraic approach works with concrete examples, and prove a dimension formula for the $G^r$-spline space in terms of invariants to the chain complex. In some special cases, explicit dimension formulas in terms of the degree of splines are also given., 46 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Published: 2023

376. Robot-Assisted Versus Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: An International, Retrospective, Cohort Study

Author: Chen, Jeffrey W., van Ramshorst, Tess M. E., Lof, Sanne, Al-Sarireh, Bilal, Björnsson, Bergthor, Boggi, Ugo, Pando Rau, Elizabeth, Institut Català de la Salut, [Chen JW, Lof S] Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [van Ramshorst TME] Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Department of General Surgery, Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy. [Al-Sarireh B] Department of Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK. [Bjornsson B] Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. [Boggi U] Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Pando E] Servei de Cirurgia Hepatobiliopancreàtica i Trasplantaments, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Digestive System Neoplasms::Pancreatic Neoplasms [DISEASES], Surgical Procedures, Operative::Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures::Endoscopy::Laparoscopy [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], intervenciones quirúrgicas::procedimientos quirúrgicos mínimamente invasivos::endoscopia::laparoscopia [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS], Pàncrees - Càncer - Cirurgia, Cirurgia laparoscòpica, Cirurgia assistida per ordinador, neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias del sistema digestivo::neoplasias pancreáticas [ENFERMEDADES], Surgical Procedures, Operative::Surgery, Computer-Assisted::Robotic Surgical Procedures [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], intervenciones quirúrgicas::cirugía asistida por ordenador::procedimientos quirúrgicos robotizados [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS]
Abstract: Distal pancreatectomy; Pancreatic cancer Pancreatectomia distal; Càncer de pàncrees Pancreatectomía distal; Cáncer de páncreas Background Robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy (RDP) is increasingly used as an alternative to laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer but comparative multicenter studies confirming the safety and efficacy of RDP are lacking. Methods An international, multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, including consecutive patients undergoing RDP and LDP for resectable pancreatic cancer in 33 experienced centers from 11 countries (2010–2019). The primary outcome was R0-resection. Secondary outcomes included lymph node yield, major complications, conversion rate, and overall survival. Results In total, 542 patients after minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy were included: 103 RDP (19%) and 439 LDP (81%). The R0-resection rate was comparable (75.7% RDP vs. 69.3% LDP, p = 0.404). RDP was associated with longer operative time (290 vs. 240 min, p < 0.001), more vascular resections (7.6% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.030), lower conversion rate (4.9% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.001), more major complications (26.2% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.019), improved lymph node yield (18 vs. 16, p = 0.021), and longer hospital stay (10 vs. 8 days, p = 0.001). The 90-day mortality (1.9% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.268) and overall survival (median 28 vs. 31 months, p = 0.599) did not differ significantly between RDP and LDP, respectively. Conclusions In selected patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, RDP and LDP provide a comparable R0-resection rate and overall survival in experienced centers. Although the lymph node yield and conversion rate appeared favorable after RDP, LDP was associated with shorter operating time, less major complications, and shorter hospital stay. The specific benefits associated with each approach should be confirmed by multicenter, randomized trials.
Published: 2023

377. Augmenting the Performance of Hydrogenase for Aerobic Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via Solvent Tuning

Author: Michael G. Allan, Thomas Pichon, Jade A. McCune, Christine Cavazza, Alan Le Goff, Moritz F. Kühnel, Faculty of science and engineering, Swansea University, BioEnergie et Environnement (BEE), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, University of Cambridge, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems (Fraunhofer IWES), and Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)
Subjects: Hydrogenase, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Deep Eutectic Solvents, Oxygen Tolerance, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, General Chemistry, Photocatalysis, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Catalysis, Hydrogen
Abstract: International audience; This work showcases the performance of [NiFeSe] hydrogenase from Desulfomicrobium baculatum for solar-driven hydrogen generation in a variety of organic-based deep eutectic solvents. Despite its well-known sensitivity towards air and organic solvents, the hydrogenase shows remarkable performance under an aerobic atmosphere in these solvents when paired with a TiO2 photocatalyst. Tuning the water content further increases hydrogen evolution activity to a TOF of 60 +/- 3 s(-1) and quantum yield to 2.3 +/- 0.4 % under aerobic conditions, compared to a TOF of 4 s(-1) in a purely aqueous solvent. Contrary to common belief, this work therefore demonstrates that placing natural hydrogenases into non-natural environments can enhance their intrinsic activity beyond their natural performance, paving the way for full water splitting using hydrogenases.
Published: 2023
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378. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 illness and COVID-19 mortality in people with pre-existing mental disorders: an umbrella review

Author: Cadorin, Camilla, Bertolini, Federico, Witteveen, Anke, Young, Susanne, Cuijpers, Pim, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose, Barbui, Corrado, Cabello, María, Downes, Naomi, Franzoi, Daniele, Gasior, Michael, Gray, Brandon, John, Ann, Melchior, Maria, van Ommeren, Mark, Palantza, Christina, Purgato, Marianna, van der Waerden, Judith, Wang, Siyuan, Sijbrandij, Marit, Clinical Psychology, APH - Mental Health, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center, APH - Global Health, Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Swansea University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Umbrella review, Psychiatry and Mental health, Sars-CoV-2, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mental health, Pre-existing mental health disorders, Mortality, Covid-19
Abstract: Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious health risk, especially in vulnerable populations. Even before the pandemic, people with mental disorders had worse physical health outcomes compared to the general population. This umbrella review investigated whether having a pre-pandemic mental disorder was associated with worse physical health outcomes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Following a pre-registered protocol available on the Open Science Framework platform, we searched Ovid MEDLINE All, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL, and Web of Science up to the 6th of October 2021 for systematic reviews on the impact of COVID-19 on people with pre-existing mental disorders. The following outcomes were considered: risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection, risk of severe illness, COVID-19 related mortality risk, risk of long-term physical symptoms after COVID-19. For meta-analyses, we considered adjusted odds ratio (OR) as effect size measure. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment with the AMSTAR 2 tool have been done in parallel and duplicate. Results We included five meta-analyses and four narrative reviews. The meta-analyses reported that people with any mental disorder had an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.09–2.69), severe illness course (OR from 1.32 to 1.77, 95%CI between 1.19–1.46 and 1.29–2.42, respectively) and COVID-19 related mortality (OR from 1.38 to 1.52, 95%CI between 1.15–1.65 and 1.20–1.93, respectively) as compared to the general population. People with anxiety disorders had an increased risk of SAR-CoV-2 infection, but not increased mortality. People with mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders had an increased COVID-19 related mortality but without evidence of increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Narrative reviews were consistent with findings from the meta-analyses. Discussion and conclusions As compared to the general population, there is strong evidence showing that people with pre-existing mental disorders suffered from worse physical health outcomes due to the COVID-19 pandemic and may therefore be considered a risk group similar to people with underlying physical conditions. Factors likely involved include living accommodations with barriers to social distancing, cardiovascular comorbidities, psychotropic medications and difficulties in accessing high-intensity medical care.
Published: 2023
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379. Fiber optical parametric amplifiers in optical communication systems

Author: Christophe Peucheret, Michel E. Marhic, Mahmoud Jazayerifar, Periklis Petropoulos, Peter A. Andrekson, Stojan Radic, Swansea Universite - Inst Adv Telecommun, Swansea University, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], University of Southampton, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DTU Fotonik - Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Institut für Hochfrequenz- und Halbleiter-Systemtechnologien, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), University of California (UC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU)
Subjects: Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics, Optical communication, NOISE-FIGURE, LOOP MIRROR, PHYSICS, TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENT, Noise figure, phase regeneration, Multiplexing, fiber nonlinearities, Optics, LINEAR-AMPLIFIERS, Linear amplifier, ddc:530, Review Articles, Physics, Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering, business.industry, Amplifier, mid-span spectral inversion, PRESERVING AMPLITUDE REGENERATION, PERFORMANCE, 530 Physik, Condensed Matter Physics, Keywords: parametric amplifiers, phase-sensitive amplification, HIGHLY NONLINEAR FIBER, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Fiber-optic communication, signal regeneration, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, RZ-DPSK SIGNAL, OPTICS, GAIN, Phase conjugation, business, parametric amplifiers, Signal regeneration, fiber optic communication
Abstract: International audience; The prospects for using fiber optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) in optical communication systems are reviewed. Phase-insensitive amplifiers (PIAs) and phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) are considered. Low-penalty amplification at/or near 1 Tb/s has been achieved, for both wavelength- and time-division multiplexed formats. High-quality mid-span spectral inversion has been demonstrated at 0.64 Tb/s, avoiding electronic dispersion compensation. All-optical amplitude regeneration of amplitude-modulated signals has been performed, while PSAs have been used to demonstrate phase regeneration of phase-modulated signals. A PSA with 1.1-dB noise figure has been demonstrated, and preliminary wavelength-division multiplexing experiments have been performed with PSAs. 512 Gb/s have been transmitted over 6,000 km by periodic phase conjugation. Simulations indicate that PIAs could reach data rate x reach products in excess of 14,000 Tb/s × km in realistic wavelength-division multiplexed long-haul networks. Technical challenges remaining to be addressed in order for fiber OPAs to become useful for long-haul communication networks are discussed.
Published: 2015
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380. The EBMT/EMCL consensus project on the role of autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma

Author: Robinson , S, Dreger , P, Caballero , C, Corradini , C, Geisler , C, Ghielmini , M, Le Gouill , S, Kimby , E, Rule , S, Vitolo , U, Dreyling , M, Hermine , O, Robinson , M, Dreger , M, Caballero , S, Corradini , M, Geisler , M, Ghielmini , O, Le Gouill , U, Kimby , O, Rule , U, Vitolo , O, Dreyling , O, Future Interaction Technology Lab [Swansea] ( FIT Lab ), Swansea University, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes ( PMMH ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Haematology, Derriford Hospital, III. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München [München] ( TUM ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Mayo Clinic
Subjects: hemic and lymphatic diseases, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer
Abstract: International audience; The role of both autologous (autoSCT) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in the management of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains to be clarified. We conducted a consensus project using the RAND-modified Delphi consensus procedure to provide guidance on how SCT should be used in MCL. With regard to autoSCT, there was consensus in support of: autoSCT is the standard first-line consolidation therapy; induction therapy should include high-dose cytarabine and Rituximab; complete or partial remission should be achieved before autoSCT; Rituximab maintenance following autoSCT is not indicated; and omission of autoSCT in 'low-risk' patients is not indicated. No consensus could be reached regarding: autoSCT in the treatment of relapsed disease following non-transplant therapy; the value of positron emission tomography scanning and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring; in vivo purging with Rituximab; total body irradiation conditioning for autoSCT; and preemptive Rituximab after autoSCT. For alloSCT, consensus was reached in support of: alloSCT should be considered for patients relapsing after autoSCT; reduced intensity conditioning regimens should be used; allogeneic immunotherapy should be used for MRD eradication after alloSCT; and there is a lack of prognostic criteria to guide the use of alloSCT as first-line consolidation. No consensus was reached regarding the role of alloSCT for relapsed disease following non-transplant therapy.
Published: 2015

381. Prognosis and outcome of stem cell transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma

Author: Steven Le Gouill, Olivier Hermine, Morgane Cheminant, Felipe Suarez, Stephen D. Robinson, Richard Delarue, Vincent Ribrag, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Future Interaction Technology Lab [Swansea] ( FIT Lab ), Swansea University, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Université Paris-Saclay, Hématologie, Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ) -Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, autologous stem cell transplantation, mantle cell lymphoma, Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell, Transplantation, Autologous, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Autologous stem-cell transplantation, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Therapeutic strategy, Response rate (survey), Clinical Trials as Topic, business.industry, Disease Management, Hematology, RELAPSED DISEASE, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, Immunology, Retreatment, Cytarabine, Mantle cell lymphoma, Stem cell, business, Algorithms, medicine.drug, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract: International audience; Although the overall survival has improved significantly in mantle cell lymphoma, relapsed disease remains a challenge. It has been demonstrated that high-dose cytarabine- and rituximab-containing regimens in induction improve response rate before autologous stem cell transplantation. This therapeutic strategy performed in first-line therapy improves significantly both progression-free survival and overall survival and has emerged as a new standard of care in younger patients. The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and its place in the treatment algorithm is not fully established, but may be a curative strategy. However, new therapeutic strategies such as maintenance/preemptive therapy or novel targeted therapies may challenge and change the indications of stem cell transplantation. This review will discuss the role of stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma and how emerging treatment strategies and novel therapies may challenge the current paradigms of therapy.
Published: 2015

382. SU(3) gauge theory with four degenerate fundamental fermions on the lattice

Author: Hiroshi Ohki, Koichi Yamawaki, Toshihide Maskawa, Enrico Rinaldi, Kohtaroh Miura, Tatsumi Aoyama, Kei-ichi Nagai, Masafumi Kurachi, Takeshi Yamazaki, Ed Bennett, Akihiro Shibata, Yasumichi Aoki, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], High Energy Physics::Lattice, Scalar (mathematics), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), FOS: Physical sciences, Lattice QCD, Fermion, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Lattice gauge theory, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Gauge theory, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics
Abstract: As a part of the project studying large $N_f$ QCD, the LatKMI Collaboration has been investigating the SU(3) gauge theory with four fundamental fermions (four-flavor QCD). The main purpose of studying four-flavor QCD is to provide a qualitative comparison to $N_f= 8$, $12$, $16$ QCD; however, a quantitative comparison to real-world QCD is also interesting. To make such comparisons more meaningful, it is desirable to use the same kind of lattice action consistently, so that qualitative difference of different theories are less affected by artifacts of lattice discretization. Here, we adopt the highly-improved staggered quark action with the tree-level Symanzik gauge action (HISQ/tree), which is exactly the same as the setup for our simulations for $SU(3)$ gauge theories with $N_f=8$, $12$ and $16$ fundamental fermions~\cite{Aoki:2013xza, Aoki:2012eq, Aoki:2014oma}. In the next section, we show the fermion mass dependence of $F_\pi$, $\langle\bar{\psi}\psi\rangle$, $M_\pi$, $M_\rho$, $M_N$ and their chiral extrapolations. In section 3, preliminary results of the measurement of the mass of the flavor-singlet scalar bound state will be reported., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14-18, 2015, Kobe, Japan
Published: 2015
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383. Determination of reverse cross-relaxation process constant in Tm-doped glass by ^3H_4 fluorescence decay tail fitting

Author: Wilfried Blanc, Ali Albalawi, Stefano Varas, Anna Lukowiak, Hrvoje Gebavi, Wedad Albalawi, Alessandro Chiasera, Stefano Taccheo, Maurizio Ferrari, Rolindes Balda, College of Engineering [Swansea], Swansea University, Caratterizzazione e Sviluppo di Materiali per la Fotonica e l'Optoelecttronica (CSMFO), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Trento] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), School 4, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research [Polish Academy of Sciences], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), and Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
Subjects: Accuracy and precision, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Process variable, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Laser materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Dopant, Computer simulation, business.industry, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Exponential function, Energy transfer, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Constant (mathematics)
Abstract: In this paper, we numerically investigate the fluorescence decay of Tm-doped tellurite glasses with different dopant concentrations. The aim is to find a set of data that allows the prediction of material performance over a wide range of doping concentrations. Among the available data, a deep investigation of the reverse cross-relaxation process (F,F,→H,H) was not yet available. The numerical simulation indicates that the reverse cross-relaxation process parameter can be calculated by fitting the slow decaying H fluorescence tails emitted when the pump level is almost depopulated. We also show that the floor of the H decay curve is indeed related to a second exponential constant, half the F lifetime, kicking in once the H level depopulates. By properly fitting the whole set of decay curves for all samples, the proposed value for the reverse cross-relaxation process is 0.03 times the cross-relaxation parameter. We also comment on the measurement accuracy and best set-up. Excellent agreement was found between the simulated and experimental data, indicating the validity of the approach. This paper therefore proposes a set of parameters validated by fitting experimental fluorescence decay curves of both the H and F levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a numerical simulation has been able to predict the fluorescence behavior of glasses with doping levels ranging from 0.36 mol% to 10 mol%. We also show that appropriate calculations of the reverse cross-relaxation parameter may have a significant effect on the simulation of laser and amplifier devices., This article is based upon work from H2020 COST Action MP1401 on “Fiber Lasers and Their Applications” supported by COST “(European Cooperation in Science and Technology)”. M. Ferrari acknowledges CNRS support, part of this research has been supported during his visit at UMR7010 INPHYNI - Institute de Physique de Nice.
Published: 2017
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384. Properties of Electrodeposited CuSCN 2D Layers and Nanowires Influenced by Their Mixed Domain Structure

Author: Raul Salazar, Dmitry Aldakov, P. R. Dunstan, Kathryn A. Welsby, Cyril Chappaz-Gillot, Vincent Delaye, Valentina Ivanova, SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Band gap, Nanowire, Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, General Energy, Copper(I) thiocyanate, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thin film, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Electrodeposited copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) thin films and nanowires have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and optical spectroscopy. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) together with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) have been employed for structural characterization. The multiple technique approach allows the correlation between structural, chemical, and electrical properties that are unique to the structure of this material. It has been found that CuSCN thin films and nanowires exhibit high crystalline quality with a close to stoichiometric composition. The XPS and Raman spectra suggest that the thiocyanate ion is bound to copper mainly through its S-end, with approximately 12–14% bound via the N-end. The applied absorption spectroscopy (Tauc and Urbach plots) points toward the possible coexistence of two large band gaps for the electrodeposited CuSCN. While its interpretation may be problematic from a purely physical perspective, we be...
Published: 2014
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385. Nurse-led medicines' monitoring in care homes, implementing the Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRe) Profile improvement initiative for mental health medicines: An observational and interview study.

Author: Sue Jordan, Timothy Banner, Marie Gabe-Walters, Jane M Mikhail, Gerwyn Panes, Jeff Round, Sherrill Snelgrove, Mel Storey, David Hughes, and Medicines’ Management Group, Swansea University
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: IntroductionPreventable adverse effects of medicines often pass unnoticed, but lead to real harm.InterventionNurse-led monitoring using the structured Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRe) Profile identifies and addresses adverse effects of mental health medicines.ObjectivesThis study investigated the implementation and clinical impact of ADRe, and barriers to and facilitators of sustained utilisation in routine practice.MethodsAdministration of ADRe was observed for 30 residents prescribed mental health medicines in ten care homes. The study pharmacist reviewed completed ADRes against medication records. Policy context was explored in 30 interviews with service users, nurse managers and strategic leads in Wales.ResultsResidents were aged 60-95, and prescribed 1-17 (median 9 [interquartile range (IQR) 7-13]) medicines. ADRe identified a median of 18 [IQR 11.5-23] problems per resident and nurses made 2 [1-2] changes to care per resident. For example: falls were reported for 9 residents, and care was modified for 5; pain was identified in 8 residents, and alleviated for 7; all 6 residents recognised as dyspnoeic were referred to prescribers. Nurses referred 17 of 30 residents to prescribers. Pharmacists recommended review for all 30. Doubts about administering ADRe, sometimes expressed by people who had not yet used it, diminished as it became familiar. ADRe was needed to bridge communication between resident, nurses and prescribers. When barriers of time, complacency, and doctors' non-availability were overcome, reporting with ADRe made prescribers more likely to heed nurses' concerns regarding residents' welfare. Clinical gains were facilitated by one-to-one time, staff-resident relationships, and unification of documentation.ImplicationsTo our knowledge, ADRe is the only instrument that brings a full account of patients' problems to medication reviews. This juxtaposition of signs and symptoms against prescriptions facilitates dose adjustments and de-prescribing and leads to: reduced pain and sedation; early identification of problems linked to ADRs, such as falls; and timely medication reviews e.g. for dyspnoea.
Published: 2019
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386. Epidemiology of pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnant women in the UK in 2018: a population-based cross-sectional study

Author: Lee, S. I., Azcoaga-Lorenzo, A., Agrawal, U., Kennedy, J. I., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Hope, H., Subramanian, A., Anand, A., Taylor, B., Nelson-Piercy, C., Damase-Michel, C., Yau, C., Crowe, F., Santorelli, G., Eastwood, K-A., Vowles, Z., Loane, M., Moss, N., Brocklehurst, P., Plachcinski, R., Thangaratinam, S., Black, M., O'Reilly, D., Abel, K. M., Brophy, S., Nirantharakumar, K., McCowan, C., MuM-PreDiCT Group, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Swansea University, University of Ibadan, University of Manchester [Manchester], Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust [London], Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations (CERPOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Bradford Institute for Health Research [Bradford, UK], Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [Bradford, UK] (BTHFT), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University Hospitals Bristol, University of Ulster, Patient and Public Representative [London, UK] (P&PR), Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Aberdeen, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), MuM-PreDiCT Group, and Malbec, Odile
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Maternity, Datasets as Topic, E-DAS, RT, Young Adult, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, Pregnancy, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Prevalence, Humans, MCC, Multiple long-term conditions, United Kingdom/epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Multimorbidity, Gynecology and obstetrics, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cross-Sectional Studies, Multiple chronic conditions, RG Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Female, Pregnant Women, RG, Routinely Collected Health Data
Abstract: Background Although maternal death is rare in the United Kingdom, 90% of these women had multiple health/social problems. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of pre-existing multimorbidity (two or more long-term physical or mental health conditions) in pregnant women in the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland). Study design Pregnant women aged 15–49 years with a conception date 1/1/2018 to 31/12/2018 were included in this population-based cross-sectional study, using routine healthcare datasets from primary care: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD, United Kingdom, n = 37,641) and Secure Anonymized Information Linkage databank (SAIL, Wales, n = 27,782), and secondary care: Scottish Morbidity Records with linked community prescribing data (SMR, Tayside and Fife, n = 6099). Pre-existing multimorbidity preconception was defined from 79 long-term health conditions prioritised through a workshop with patient representatives and clinicians. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was 44.2% (95% CI 43.7–44.7%), 46.2% (45.6–46.8%) and 19.8% (18.8–20.8%) in CPRD, SAIL and SMR respectively. When limited to health conditions that were active in the year before pregnancy, the prevalence of multimorbidity was still high (24.2% [23.8–24.6%], 23.5% [23.0–24.0%] and 17.0% [16.0 to 17.9%] in the respective datasets). Mental health conditions were highly prevalent and involved 70% of multimorbidity CPRD: multimorbidity with ≥one mental health condition/s 31.3% [30.8–31.8%]). After adjusting for age, ethnicity, gravidity, index of multiple deprivation, body mass index and smoking, logistic regression showed that pregnant women with multimorbidity were more likely to be older (CPRD England, adjusted OR 1.81 [95% CI 1.04–3.17] 45–49 years vs 15–19 years), multigravid (1.68 [1.50–1.89] gravidity ≥ five vs one), have raised body mass index (1.59 [1.44–1.76], body mass index 30+ vs body mass index 18.5–24.9) and smoked preconception (1.61 [1.46–1.77) vs non-smoker). Conclusion Multimorbidity is prevalent in pregnant women in the United Kingdom, they are more likely to be older, multigravid, have raised body mass index and smoked preconception. Secondary care and community prescribing dataset may only capture the severe spectrum of health conditions. Research is needed urgently to quantify the consequences of maternal multimorbidity for both mothers and children.
Published: 2022
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387. Parametric solutions involving geometry: A step towards efficient shape optimization

Author: Antonio Huerta, Elías Cueto, Adrien Leygue, Francisco Chinesta, Amine Ammar, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LACÀN - Mètodes Numèrics en Ciències Aplicades i Enginyeria, Laboratoire Angevin de Mécanique, Procédés et InnovAtion (LAMPA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Department of Computer Science [Swansea], Swansea University, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research [Zaragoza] (I3A), and University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza]
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Work (thermodynamics), Engineering, Civil, Ingénierie assistée par ordinateur [Informatique], Computational Mechanics, Parametric models, General Physics and Astronomy, Engineering, Multidisciplinary, Geometry, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 90 Operations research, mathematical programming::90C Mathematical programming [Classificació AMS], Operations research, Investigació operativa, 01 natural sciences, Matemàtiques i estadística::Anàlisi numèrica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Shape optimization, 65 Numerical analysis::65Y Computer aspects of numerical algorithms [Classificació AMS], Engineering, Ocean, 0101 mathematics, Engineering, Aerospace, Engineering, Biomedical, Parametric statistics, Mathematics, Anàlisi numèrica, Model reduction, Mechanical Engineering, Matemàtiques i estadística::Anàlisi numèrica::Mètodes numèrics [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Process (computing), Function (mathematics), [INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering, Computer Science, Software Engineering, Engineering, Marine, Proper Generalized Decomposition, Computer Science Applications, 010101 applied mathematics, Engineering, Manufacturing, Engineering, Mechanical, Mechanics of Materials, Parametric model, Engineering, Industrial, Focus (optics), Curse of dimensionality, Numerical analysis
Abstract: Optimization of manufacturing processes or structures involves the optimal choice of many parameters (process parameters, material parameters or geometrical parameters). Usual strategies proceed by defining a trial choice of those parameters and then solving the resulting model. Then, an appropriate cost function is evaluated and its optimality checked. While the optimum is not reached, the process parameters should be updated by using an appropriate optimization procedure, and then the model must be solved again for the updated process parameters. Thus, a direct numerical solution is needed for each choice of the process parameters, with the subsequent impact on the computing time. In this work we focus on shape optimization that involves the appropriate choice of some parameters defining the problem geometry. The main objective of this work is to describe an original approach for computing an off-line parametric solution. That is, a solution able to include information for different parameter values and also allowing to compute readily the sensitivities. The curse of dimensionality is circumvented by invoking the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) introduced in former works, which is applied here to compute geometrically parametrized solutions. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2014
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388. C-reactive protein levels in patients at cardiovascular risk: EURIKA study

Author: Joep Perk, Claudio Borghi, Florence Tubach, José R. Banegas, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Eliseo Guallar, Guy De Backer, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Carine Roy, Julian Halcox, Ogün Sazova, Jesús Medina, Jean Dallongeville, UAM. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología, Oxford PharmaGenesis, Wales Heart Research Institute [Cardiff] (WHRI), Cardiff University, Swansea University College of Medicine, Swansea University, CIC epidémiologie clinique/ essais cliniques, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ, Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Department of Public Health, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center of Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, AstraZeneca Global Medical Affairs, Medical Evidence Centre, AstraZeneca Farmacéutica Spain, School of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Internal Medicine, Ageing and Clinical Nephrology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), The EURIKA study was funded by AstraZeneca., DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE E CHIRURGICHE, Facolta' di MEDICINA e CHIRURGIA, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: Male, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, PREDICTION, Epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Risk Factors, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, HDL, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus, Europe, Risk Assessment, Medicine and Health Sciences, POPULATION, 2. Zero hunger, Metabolic Syndrome, education.field_of_study, biology, Metabolic Syndrome X, WOMEN, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular disease, 3. Good health, Up-Regulation, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Cholesterol, Female, Inflammation Mediators, Risk assessment, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, HDL, Risk factors/global assessment, Medicina, Population, 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology, C-reactive protein, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, INFLAMMATION, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, Risk factor, education, Aged, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Glycated Hemoglobin, JUPITER, Science & Technology, business.industry, MORTALITY, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, CLINICAL-PRACTICE, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, biology.protein, Metabolic syndrome, business, PRIMARY PREVENTION, Body mass index, Biomarkers, HEALTHY-ADULTS
Abstract: Background: Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with high cardiovascular risk, and might identify patients who could benefit from more carefully adapted risk factor management. We have assessed the prevalence of elevated CRP levels in patients with one or more traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Data were analysed from the European Study on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management in Usual Daily Practice (EURIKA, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00882336), which included patients (aged ≥50 years) from 12 European countries with at least one traditional cardiovascular risk factor but no history of cardiovascular disease. Analysis was also carried out on the subset of patients without diabetes mellitus who were not receiving statin therapy. Results: In the overall population, CRP levels were positively correlated with body mass index and glycated haemoglobin levels, and were negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CRP levels were also higher in women, those at higher traditionally estimated cardiovascular risk and those with greater numbers of metabolic syndrome markers. Among patients without diabetes mellitus who were not receiving statin therapy, approximately 30% had CRP levels ≥3 mg/L, and approximately 50% had CRP levels ≥2 mg/L, including those at intermediate levels of traditionally estimated cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: CRP levels are elevated in a large proportion of patients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, without diabetes mellitus who are not receiving statin therapy, suggesting a higher level of cardiovascular risk than predicted according to conventional risk estimation systems., The EURIKA study was funded by AstraZeneca
Published: 2014
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389. Tulip III

Author: David Auber, Daniel Archambault, Romain Bourqui, Maylis Delest, Jonathan Dubois, Bruno Pinaud, Antoine Lambert, Patrick Mary, Morgan Mathiaut, Guy Melancon, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Department of Computer Science [Swansea], and Swansea University
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Although this article presents a system and discusses its design, its content goes much further. In a sense, this paper is a position paper following 10 years of lessons learned working in graph visualization, developing new visualization techniques, and building systems for users. The strategy we have adopted is to develop, maintain, and improve the Tulip framework, aiming for an architecture with optimal data structure management from which target applications can be easily derived.
Published: 2014
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390. Physics with Trapped Charged Particles: Lectures from the Les Houches Winter School

Author: Martina Knoop, Niels Madsen, Richard C Thompson, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, Imperial College London, Martina Knoop, Niels Madsen, and Richard Thompson
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2014

391. Fate map of Medicago truncatula root nodules

Author: Henk Franssen, Eva Kondorosi, Eva E. Deinum, Olga Kulikova, Andreas Niebel, Ton Bisseling, Ting Ting Xiao, Stefan Schilderink, Sjef Moling, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Science [Swansea], and Swansea University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Root nodule, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Indeterminate root nodule, Nodule meristem, Morphogenesis, Medicago, cortical-cells, 0303 health sciences, nod factors, EPS-1, Histocytochemistry, food and beverages, Cell Differentiation, differentiation, Medicago truncatula, symbiosis, Cell biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, medicine.symptom, Root Nodules, Plant, Genetic Markers, Nodule primordium, Meristem, Inner cortex, Biology, activator, 03 medical and health sciences, Fate mapping, Botany, expression, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Biologie, Cell Lineage, Computer Simulation, Primordium, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, rhizobial infection, Endodermis, fungi, Nodule (medicine), biology.organism_classification, initiation, Pericycle, arabidopsis, protein, 010606 plant biology & botany, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Legume root nodules are induced by N-fixing rhizobium bacteria that are hosted in an intracellular manner. These nodules are formed by reprogramming differentiated root cells. The model legume Medicago truncatula forms indeterminate nodules with a meristem at their apex. This organ grows by the activity of the meristem that adds cells to the different nodule tissues. In Medicago sativa it has been shown that the nodule meristem is derived from the root middle cortex. During nodule initiation, inner cortical cells and pericycle cells are also mitotically activated. However, whether and how these cells contribute to the mature nodule has not been studied. Here, we produce a nodule fate map that precisely describes the origin of the different nodule tissues based on sequential longitudinal sections and on the use of marker genes that allow the distinction of cells originating from different root tissues. We show that nodule meristem originates from the third cortical layer, while several cell layers of the base of the nodule are directly formed from cells of the inner cortical layers, root endodermis and pericycle. The latter two differentiate into the uninfected tissues that are located at the base of the mature nodule, whereas the cells derived from the inner cortical cell layers form about eight cell layers of infected cells. This nodule fate map has then been used to re-analyse several mutant nodule phenotypes. This showed, among other things, that intracellular release of rhizobia in primordium cells and meristem daughter cells are regulated in a different manner.
Published: 2014
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392. Physics with Trapped Charged Particles

Author: Knoop, Martina, Madsen, Niels, Thompson, Richard, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Swansea], College of Science [Swansea], Swansea University-Swansea University, Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, RC Thompson, M Knoop, and N Madsen
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Ion traps, which were first introduced in the late 1950s and early 1960s, have established themselves as indispensable tools in many areas of physics, chemistry and technology. This chapter gives a brief survey of the operating principles and development of ion traps, together with a short description of how ions are loaded and detected. This is followed by a brief account of some of the current applications of ion traps.
Published: 2013

393. TicQR: Flexible, Lightweight Linking of Paper and Digital Content Using Mobile Phones

Author: Jennifer Pearson, Simon Robinson, Matt Jones, George Buchanan, Future Interaction Technology Lab [Swansea] (FIT Lab), Swansea University, Centre for HCI Design [London], City University London, David Hutchison, Takeo Kanade, Madhu Sudan, Demetri Terzopoulos, Doug Tygar, Moshe Y. Vardi, Gerhard Weikum, Paula Kotzé, Gary Marsden, Gitte Lindgaard, Janet Wesson, Marco Winckler, Josef Kittler, Jon M. Kleinberg, Friedemann Mattern, John C. Mitchell, Moni Naor, Oscar Nierstrasz, C. Pandu Rangan, and Bernhard Steffen
Subjects: QA75, Multimedia, Download, Computer science, Interface (computing), Digital content, tick boxes, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Paper documents, Human–computer interaction, Order (business), 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Digital document, computer, QR Codes
Abstract: Part 1: Long and Short Papers (Continued); International audience; In this paper we introduce TicQR – a photo-based checkbox-enabled interface which bridges the physical and digital document domains, allowing automatic download or processing of useful data from paper documents. There is a long demonstrated need for people to be able to connect between printed material and digital information and services. By using a combination of image recognition and QR codes we are able to detect user marks on paper documents via a single photograph taken with a standard smart phone. This information can then be used to access the equivalent digital content, save contacts or URLs, or even order goods directly from local retailers.
Published: 2013
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394. A Performance Review of Number Entry Interfaces

Author: Anna L. Cox, Patrick Oladimeji, Harold Thimbleby, Future Interaction Technology Lab [Swansea] (FIT Lab), Swansea University, UCL Interaction Centre (UCLIC), University College of London [London] (UCL), Paula Kotzé, Gary Marsden, Gitte Lindgaard, Janet Wesson, Marco Winckler, and TC 13
Subjects: Number entry interfaces, Computer science, Interface (computing), 05 social sciences, 02 engineering and technology, user interface performance, Range (mathematics), number entry error, Human–computer interaction, 020204 information systems, Numeric keypad, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, safety critical devices, 050107 human factors
Abstract: Part 1: Long and Short Papers; International audience; Number entry is ubiquitous and there are several ways a number entry interface can be designed. Until recently, research has been focused mainly on one type of number entry interface: the numeric keypad. Various factors such as the range of values, and the space available for the design allows for several alternative interfaces to be used for number entry. In the design of medical devices such as those used for controlled drug delivery, accurate and timely entry of numbers are required in order to reduce any risk of harm to patients. This paper reviews five number entry interface styles and reports the result of an experiment conducted to evaluate the performance differences of the interfaces based on numbers used in infusion therapy in a hospital. The result shows a significant effect of interface style on speed and accuracy.
Published: 2013
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395. Defining polycentric urban areas through commuting cohesion. Through commuting cohesion in France

Author: Tissandier, Patrice, Phan Quang, Trung Tien, Archambault, Daniel, Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager ( ThéMA ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique ( LaBRI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Department of Computer Science [Swansea], Swansea University, Céline Rozenblat, Guy Melançon, Clauzel, Céline, Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)
Subjects: urban polycentric structures, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, graph series, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract: International audience; Though the visualization of the daily commuting patterns around French urban area, we identify subcentres of commuting activities, illustrating the emergence of new urban polycentric structures. Via computed metrics on these graphs and an associated diachronic approach on the census data for the years between 1975 and 1999, we analyze the topological structure of the graph series. This analysis demonstrates the combined small world and star topology present in the data.
Published: 2013

396. Integrated Segmentation and Interpolation of Sparse Data

Author: Xianghua Xie, Mark C. K. Hamilton, Majid Mirmehdi, Adeline Paiement, Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Computer Science [Swansea], Swansea University, Radiology Department Bristol Royal Infirmary, and University Hospitals Bristol
Subjects: ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Bilinear interpolation, RBF, 02 engineering and technology, Sensitivity and Specificity, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Multivariate interpolation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Nearest-neighbor interpolation, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Image scaling, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, 3D/4D object modeling, Mathematics, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, business.industry, segmentation, Trilinear interpolation, Reproducibility of Results, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Pattern recognition, Stairstep interpolation, Image Enhancement, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, interpolation, Systems Integration, Sample Size, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Bicubic interpolation, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, level set methods, Artificial intelligence, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Software, Algorithms, Interpolation
Abstract: International audience; We address the two inherently related problems of segmentation and interpolation of 3D and 4D sparse data and propose a new method to integrate these stages in a level set framework. The interpolation process uses segmentation information rather than pixel intensities for increased robustness and accuracy. The method supports any spatial configurations of sets of 2D slices having arbitrary positions and orientations. We achieve this by introducing a new level set scheme based on the interpolation of the level set function by radial basis functions. The proposed method is validated quantitatively and/or subjectively on artificial data and MRI and CT scans, and is compared against the traditional sequential approach which interpolates the images first, using a state-of-the-art image interpolation method, and then segments the interpolated volume in 3D or 4D. In our experiments, the proposed framework yielded similar segmentation results to the sequential approach, but provided a more robust and accurate interpolation. In particular, the interpolation was more satisfactory in cases of large gaps, due to the method taking into account the global shape of the object, and it recovered better topologies at the extremities of the shapes where the objects disappear from the image slices. As a result, the complete integrated framework provided more satisfactory shape reconstructions than the sequential approach.
Published: 2013
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397. Associations of Disease-Modifying Therapies With COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Georgina Arrambide, Ingrid van der Mei, Raed Alroughani, Lars Forsberg, Rodden M. Middleton, Guilherme Sciascia do Olival, Nikola Lazovski, Rumen Ivanov, Alexander Stahmann, Tomas Kalincik, Helmut Butzkueven, Richard S. Nicholas, J. Hillert, Alice Estavo Dias, Edward De Brouwer, Amber Salter, Serkan Ozakbas, Nupur Nag, Doralina Guimarães Brum, Alexander Fidao, Anna Zabalza, Yves Moreau, Ricardo Alonso, Anneke Van Der Walt, Nick Rijke, Lotte Geys, Anibal Chertcoff, Arnfin Bergmann, Robert N. McBurney, Clare Walton, Anna Glaser, Tina Parciak, Gilles Edan, Clément Gautrais, Ashkan Pirmani, Maria Fernanda Mendes, Juan Ignacio Rojas, Melinda Magyari, Liesbet M. Peeters, Robert J. Fox, Hollie Schmidt, Amin Ardeshirdavanai, Steve Simpson-Yap, Stefan Braune, Giancarlo Comi, Johana Bauer, Tim Spelman, Zabalza, Ana/0000-0003-3860-5251, Simpson, Jr., Steve/0000-0001-6521-3056, Kalincik, Tomas/0000-0003-3778-1376, Simpson-Yap, Steve, DE BROUWER, Edward, Kalincik, Tomas, Rijke, Nick, Hillert, Jan A., Walton, Clare, Edan, Gilles, Moreau, Yves, Spelman, Tim, GEYS, Lotte, PARCIAK, Tina, Gautrais, Clement, Lazovski, Nikola, PIRMANI, Ashkan, Ardeshirdavanai, Amin, Forsberg, Lars, Glaser, Anna, McBurney, Robert, Schmidt, Hollie, Bergmann, Arnfin B., Braune, Stefan, Stahmann, Alexander, Middleton, Rodden, Salter, Amber, Fox, Robert J., van der Walt, Anneke, Butzkueven, Helmut, Alroughani, Raed, Ozakbas, Serkan, Rojas, Juan, I, van der Mei, Ingrid, Nag, Nupur, Ivanov, Rumen, do Olival, Guilherme Sciascia, Dias, Alice Estavo, Magyari, Melinda, Brum, Doralina, Mendes, Maria Fernanda, Alonso, Ricardo N., Nicholas, Richard S., Bauer, Johana, Chertcoff, Anibal Sebastian, Zabalza, Anna, Arrambide, Georgina, Fidao, Alexander, Comi, Giancarlo, PEETERS, Liesbet, Institut Català de la Salut, [Simpson-Yap S] Department of Medicine, and Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia [De Brouwer E] University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. ESAT-STADIUS, KU Leuven, Belgium. [Kalincik T] Department of Neurology, Melbourne MS Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia. [Rijke N, Walton C] MS International Federation, London, UK. [Hillert JA] Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Swedish MS Registry, Stockholm, Sweden. [Zabalza A, Arrambide G] Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (CEMCAT), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, and Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Tasmania, KU Leuven, Royal Melbourne Hospital, MS International Federation, Swedish MS Registry, CHU Pontchaillou, Karolinska Institutet, Hasselt University, University Medical Center, QMENTA, Molecular Unit, Accelerated Cure Project for MS, NeuroTransData, MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH, Swansea University, COViMS, Washington University in St. Louis, Cleveland Clinic, Monash University, Kuwait City, Dokuz Eylul University, Hospital Universitario de CEMIC, RELACOEM, Bulgarian SmartMS COVID-19 Dataset, ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), REDONE.br-Brazilian Registry of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA, Imperial College, Mental Health Area, EMA, Cemcat, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Ospedale San Raffaele
Subjects: Male, Dimethyl Fumarate, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/drug therapy [Other subheadings], Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/complicaciones [Otros calificadores], chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Natalizumab, virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus [ENFERMEDADES], Medicine, 10. No inequality, COVID-19 (Malaltia) - Complicacions, B-Lymphocytes, Nervous System Diseases::Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System::Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS::Multiple Sclerosis [DISEASES], Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [DISEASES], Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, enfermedades del sistema nervioso::enfermedades autoinmunitarias del sistema nervioso::enfermedades autoinmunes desmielinizantes del SNC::esclerosis múltiple [ENFERMEDADES], Cohort, Female, Rituximab, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Adolescent, Clinical Neurology, Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/farmacoterapia [Otros calificadores], Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Aged, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Science & Technology, Expanded Disability Status Scale, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Odds ratio, Respiration, Artificial, Cross-Sectional Studies, Siponimod, chemistry, Ocrelizumab, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business, Esclerosi múltiple - Tractament, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/complications [Other subheadings]
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:46:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-09 Background and ObjectivesPeople with multiple sclerosis MS are a vulnerable group for severe coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19, particularly those taking immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies DMTs. We examined the characteristics of COVID-19 severity in an international sample of people with MS.MethodsData from 12 data sources in 28 countries were aggregated sources could include patients from 1-12 countries. Demographic age, sex, clinical MS phenotype, disability, and DMT untreated, alemtuzumab, cladribine, dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, interferon, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, siponimod, other DMTs covariates were queried, along with COVID-19 severity outcomes, hospitalization, intensive care unit ICU admission, need for artificial ventilation, and death. Characteristics of outcomes were assessed in patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, MS phenotype, and Expanded Disability Status Scale EDSS score.ResultsSix hundred fifty-seven 28.1% with suspected and 1,683 61.9% with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. Among suspected plus confirmed and confirmed-only COVID-19, 20.9% and 26.9% were hospitalized, 5.4% and 7.2% were admitted to ICU, 4.1% and 5.4% required artificial ventilation, and 3.2% and 3.9% died. Older age, progressive MS phenotype, and higher disability were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Compared to dimethyl fumarate, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with hospitalization adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.41; aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.48-4.02 and ICU admission aOR 2.30, 95% CI 0.98-5.39; aOR 3.93, 95% CI 1.56-9.89, although only rituximab was associated with higher risk of artificial ventilation aOR 4.00, 95% CI 1.54-10.39. Compared to pooled other DMTs, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with hospitalization aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.38; aOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.87-4.07 and ICU admission aOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.49-4.36; aOR 4.32, 95% CI 2.27-8.23, but only rituximab was associated with artificial ventilation aOR 6.15, 95% CI 3.09-12.27. Compared to natalizumab, ocrelizumab and rituximab were associated with hospitalization aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.13-3.07; aOR 2.88, 95% CI 1.68-4.92 and ICU admission aOR 2.13, 95% CI 0.85-5.35; aOR 3.23, 95% CI 1.17-8.91, but only rituximab was associated with ventilation aOR 5.52, 95% CI 1.71-17.84. Associations persisted on restriction to confirmed COVID-19 cases. No associations were observed between DMTs and death. Stratification by age, MS phenotype, and EDSS score found no indications that DMT associations with COVID-19 severity reflected differential DMT allocation by underlying COVID-19 severity.DiscussionUsing the largest cohort of people with MS and COVID-19 available, we demonstrated consistent associations of rituximab with increased risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and need for artificial ventilation and of ocrelizumab with hospitalization and ICU admission. Despite the cross-sectional design of the study, the internal and external consistency of these results with prior studies suggests that rituximab/ocrelizumab use may be a risk factor for more severe COVID-19. CORe Department of Medicine and Neuroepidemiology Unit Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania ESAT-STADIUS KU Leuven Department of Neurology Melbourne MS Centre Royal Melbourne Hospital MS International Federation Department of Clinical Neuroscience Swedish MS Registry Department of Neurology CHU Pontchaillou Karolinska Institutet Biomedical Research Institute-Data Science Institute Hasselt University Department of Medical Informatics University Medical Center Department of Computer Science and AI KU Leuven QMENTA Medpace Reference Laboratories Molecular Unit IConquerMS People-Powered Research Network Accelerated Cure Project for MS NeuroTransData Study Group NeuroTransData German MS-Register by the National MS Society MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH MS Register Swansea University COViMS Division of Biostatistics Washington University in St. Louis Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Cleveland Clinic Department of Neuroscience Central Clinical School Monash University Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Dokuz Eylul University Neurology Department Hospital Universitario de CEMIC RELACOEM Australian MS Longitudinal Study Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Bulgarian SmartMS COVID-19 Dataset ABEM-Brazilian MS Patients Association Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry Department of Neurology University Hospital Rigshospitalet Universidade Estadual Paulista Unesp Faculdade de Medicina REDONE.br-Brazilian Registry of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Multiple Sclerosis University Center Ramos Mejia Hospital-EMA Imperial College Swansea University Mental Health Area MS and Demyelinating Diseases Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires EMA Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya Cemcat Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Institute of Experimental Neurology Ospedale San Raffaele Universidade Estadual Paulista Unesp Faculdade de Medicina
Published: 2021
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398. Incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle and proton gradient in Pandoravirus massiliensis: is it still a virus?

Author: Eric Chabrière, David C. Lamb, Didier Raoult, Sarah Aherfi, Anthony Levasseur, Bernard La Scola, Lucile Pinault, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Jean-Pierre Baudoin, Philippe Colson, Djamal Brahim Belhaouari, Philippe Decloquement, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Swansea University, and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)
Subjects: Citric Acid Cycle, Genome, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, Microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Giant Virus, Electrochemical gradient, Gene, Escherichia coli, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, Mimivirus, biology, Pandoravirus, 030306 microbiology, DNA Viruses, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Citric acid cycle, Biochemistry, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Protons, Mimiviridae
Abstract: The discovery of Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus, the first isolated giant virus of amoeba, challenged the historical hallmarks defining a virus. Giant virion sizes are known to reach up to 2.3 µm, making them visible by optical microscopy. Their large genome sizes of up to 2.5 Mb can encode proteins involved in the translation apparatus. We have investigated possible energy production in Pandoravirus massiliensis. Mitochondrial membrane markers allowed for the detection of a membrane potential in purified virions and this was enhanced by a regulator of the tricarboxylic acid cycle but abolished by the use of a depolarizing agent. Bioinformatics was employed to identify enzymes involved in virion proton gradient generation and this approach revealed that eight putative P. massiliensis proteins exhibited low sequence identities with known cellular enzymes involved in the universal tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further, all eight viral genes were transcribed during replication. The product of one of these genes, ORF132, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and shown to function as an isocitrate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our findings show for the first time that a membrane potential can exist in Pandoraviruses, and this may be related to tricarboxylic acid cycle. The presence of a proton gradient in P. massiliensis makes this virus a form of life for which it is legitimate to ask the question “what is a virus?”.
Published: 2021
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399. State of the Art in Photon-Density Estimation

Author: Hachisuka, Toshiya, Jarosz, Wojciech, Bouchard, Guillaume, Christensen, Per, Revall Frisvad, Jeppe, Jakob, Wenzel, Jensen, Henrik Wann, Johnson, Jared M., Kaschalk, Michael, Knaus, Claude, Selle, Andrew, Spencer, Ben, Disney Research Zürich (DRZ), Rendu Réaliste pour la Réalité Augmentée Mobile (R3AM), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Pixar Animation Studios, Cornell University [New York], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Department of Computer Science [Swansea], and Swansea University
Subjects: Photon, Photon mapping, Computer science, Scattering, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Subsurface scattering, 020207 software engineering, Monte Carlo method for photon transport, Photon density, 02 engineering and technology, Computer graphics, Computer engineering, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Color bleeding, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Caustic (optics), Limit (mathematics), State (computer science), ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: Photon density estimation techniques are a popular choice for simulating light transport in scenes with complicated geometry and materials. This class of algorithms can be used to accurately simulate inter-reflections, caustics, color bleeding, scattering in participating media and subsurface scattering. Since its introduction, photon density estimation has been significantly extended in computer graphics with the introduction of: specialized techniques that intelligently modify the positions or bandwidths to reduce visual error using a small number of photons, approaches which eliminates error completely in the limit, methods that use higher-order samples and queries to reduce error in participating media, and recent generalized formulations that bridge the gap between photon density estimation and other techniques.This course provides the necessary insight to implement all these latest advances in photon density estimation. The course starts out with a short introduction to photon density estimation using classical photon mapping, but the remainder of the two-part course provides new, hands-on explanations of the latest developments in this area by the experts behind each technique.The course will give the audience concrete and practical understanding of the latest developments in photon density estimation techniques that have not been presented in prior SIGGRAPH/SIGGRAPH Asia courses.
Published: 2012
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400. The Paleozoic Origin of Enzymatic Lignin Decomposition Reconstructed from 31 Fungal Genomes

Author: László Nagy, Luis F. Larrondo, Daniel C. Eastwood, Ad Wiebenga, Ángel T. Martínez, Darcy Young, Isabelle Benoit, Chiaki Hori, Robert Riley, Erika Lindquist, Ronald P. de Vries, Grzegorz Sabat, Rachael Martin, Robin A. Ohm, Kurt LaButti, Dan Cullen, Pedro M. Coutinho, Susan Lucas, Alan Kuo, Vincent Lombard, Joel A. Jurgens, Jill Gaskell, Andrea Aerts, Jan Stenlid, Alexis Carlson, David S. Hibbett, Hui Sun, Brian Foster, Robert Otillar, Francisco J. Ruiz-Dueñas, Manfred Binder, Dylan Glotzer, Patricia Ferreira, Ingo Morgenstern, Francis Martin, Jason C. Slot, T. K. Arun Kumar, Matthew J Nolan, Taina Lundell, Phil Kersten, Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva, Khajamohiddin Syed, Antonis Rokas, Jagjit S. Yadav, Robert A. Blanchette, Franz J. St John, Jeremy Schmutz, Joseph W. Spatafora, Igor V. Grigoriev, Antonio G. Pisabarro, Emanuelle Morin, Sheng Sun, Albee Y. Ling, Bernard Henrissat, Adrian Tsang, Annegret Kohler, Dimitrios Floudas, Masahiro Samejima, Cedar N. Hesse, Alexander Boyd, Keisha Findley, Nathan M Kallen, Kerrie Barry, Kiyohiko Igarashi, Paweł Górecki, Claude Murat, Ursula Kües, Joseph Heitman, Asaf Salamov, Alex Copeland, David J. McLaughlin, Biology Department, Clark University, Joint Genome Institute, United States Department of Energy, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de investigaciones biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University (OSU), College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology Division, University of Cincinnati (UC), Microbiology and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Utrecht University [Utrecht], CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University [Durham], Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw (UW), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Biomaterial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Department of Plant Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University [Montreal], Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Genetics and Microbiology Research Group, Public University of Navarre, College of Science, Swansea University, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231], Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) project under NSF [DEB-0732968, DEB-0732993, DEB-0732550], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Informatics [Warsaw], Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Mechanics [Warsaw] (MIMUW), University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences [UTokyo] (GSALS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, College of Science [Swansea], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA)
Subjects: Indoles, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lineage (evolution), macromolecular substances, Fungus, Lignin, complex mixtures, Agaricomycetes, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mycology, Agaricomycotina, Botany, Polyporales, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, 030306 microbiology, Basidiomycota, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, Bayes Theorem, biology.organism_classification, Wood, Peroxidases, chemistry, Genome, Fungal
Abstract: 5 páginas, 1 figura, 1 tabla, 22 figuras suplementarias, 16 tablas suplementarias -- PAGS nros. 1715-1719 et al., Wood is a major pool of organic carbon that is highly resistant to decay, owing largely to the presence of lignin. The only organisms capable of substantial lignin decay are white rot fungi in the Agaricomycetes, which also contains non–lignin-degrading brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species. Comparative analyses of 31 fungal genomes (12 generated for this study) suggest that lignin-degrading peroxidases expanded in the lineage leading to the ancestor of the Agaricomycetes, which is reconstructed as a white rot species, and then contracted in parallel lineages leading to brown rot and mycorrhizal species. Molecular clock analyses suggest that the origin of lignin degradation might have coincided with the sharp decrease in the rate of organic carbon burial around the end of the Carboniferous period, The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Also supported by the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFTOL) project under NSF awards DEB-0732968 (D.S.H.), DEB-0732993 (J.W.S.), and DEB-0732550 (D.J.M.).
Published: 2012
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