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[Display omitted] • Constraints from fusulinids for the paleogeography of Changning-Menglian Belt, China. • New collections of late Carboniferous to Early Permian fusulinids from two sections. • Similar but less diverse by statistical comparison (Rarefaction) with South China. • Seamount atoll between peri -Gondwana and Cathaysia plausible for these carbonates. The Changning-Menglian Belt in western Yunnan, China, is a critical tectonic zone that preserves remnants of the Paleotethys Ocean, including limestones of possible seamount origin. Fusulinids, sensitive indices for age and paleoenvironment, are abundant in these limestones but have rarely been the subject of taxonomic study. This paper presents new fusulinid collections of middle Kasimovian (Late Carboniferous) to Artinskian (Early Permian) age from two sections located in the middle and northern parts of this belt. In the Mangyang Section, the fusulinids are grouped into the Triticites abundance zone and the Sphaeroschwagerina sphaerica range zone, while in the Anxincao Section, they comprise the S. sphaerica range zone, the Eoparafusulina interval zone and the Chalaroschwagerina solita range zone. The distinct Cathaysian affinity is indicated by the dominance of Triticites in the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian assemblages characterized by Sphaeroschwagerina, Eoparafusulina and Chalaroschwagerina. On the other hand, these fusulinids contrast sharply with coeval fusulinids in the peri -Gondwana region, which are impoverished and dominated by Eoparafusulina / Pseudofusulina. However, Early Permian fusulinids in this belt still differ from their counterparts in Cathaysian South China in terms of 1) lower diversity, as confirmed by a robust quantitative comparison (Rarefaction analysis); 2) peculiar rarity of Pseudoschwagerina. Collectively, these data imply that the studied fusulinids probably colonized marine environments far from the mid-latitude peri -Gondwana region, while detached from equatorial South China. This interpretation is consistent with the previous view that these limestones were formed on seamount atolls within the vast Paleotethys Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric haze pollution has become a global concern because of its severe effects on human health and the environment. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is located in northern China, and its haze is the most serious in China. The high concentration of PM2.5 is the main cause of haze pollution, and thus investigating the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying PM2.5 pollution and for preventing haze. In this study, the PM2.5 concentration status in 13 cities from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was statistically analyzed from January 2016 to November 2016, and the spatial variation of PM2.5 was explored via spatial autocorrelation analysis. The research yielded three overall results. (1) The distribution of PM2.5 concentrations in this area varied greatly during the study period. The concentrations increased from late autumn to early winter, and the spatial range expanded from southeast to northwest. In contrast, the PM2.5 concentration decreased rapidly from late winter to early spring, and the spatial range narrowed from northwest to southeast. (2) The spatial dependence degree, by season from high to low, was in the order winter, autumn, spring, summer. Winter (from December to February of the subsequent year) and summer (from June to August) were, respectively, the highest and lowest seasons with regard to the spatial homogeneity of PM2.5 concentrations. (3) The PM2.5 concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has significant spatial spillovers. Overall, cities far from Bohai Bay, such as Shijiazhuang and Hengshui, demonstrated a high-high concentration of PM2.5 pollution, while coastal cities, such as Chengde and Qinhuangdao, showed a low-low concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone in Southern Tibet represents the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian continents. It is, to a lesser extent, also the boundary between the Himalayan region and the Lhasa Block. A fascinating aspect of it is the appearance of Permian limestone blocks in Late Triassic (and sometimes Late Jurassic–Cretaceous) siliciclastic sediments south of the ophiolite belt. They are meter- to kilometer-scale, randomly scattered blocks in a clastic matrix. Large blocks often form ridges of mountains or occur as projecting rocks; small blocks are often seen half buried or floating within matrix. They are therefore often noted as exotic blocks. Fossils from the limestone blocks have ages mainly in the range of Guadalupian–Lopingian. The faunas have mixed Gondwanan and Cathaysian features. Petrographic study of the limestone blocks shows that their deposition processes were often influenced by terrigenous clasts and suggests that they were deposited in a generally proximal environment. The age range, lithofacies and fossil content of these limestone blocks in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone are highly compatible with those of the Permian successions north and south of the zone in the framework of northern Greater India. They were originally deposited in peri-Gondwana environment, like the Permian limestone successions of the Lhasa Block and the Himalayan region. The exotic Permian limestone blocks are dismembered units of Permian carbonate successions broken during the rifting process in the Late Triassic. Their entering in the Late Triassic clastic sediments is resulted from either block faulting or olistostrome. Final emplacement of different components, including the limestone blocks, in the suture zone were achieved in the Paleogene accompanied by strong deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Carboniferous-Permian strata in the North China Block (NCB) contain abundant fossils, coals and natural gases. Establishing a high-resolution timescale for the Carboniferous and Permian in the NCB is essential to understand the geologic events and explore the spatial and temporal distributions of the natural resources. The upper Carboniferous and the basal part of Permian are relatively well correlated because they yield marine conodont and fusuline fossils. However, the Permian terrestrial strata mostly rely on poorly constrained palynostratigraphy and phytostratigraphy and are short of the precise geochronologic constraints on the correlation with the marine strata. This study provides a critical review on the state-of-the-art of the latest Carboniferous and Permian chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic frameworks and stratigraphic correlation in the NCB. The Penchi Formation ranges from lower Bashkirian to lower Gzhelian; the Taiyuan Formation is assigned to the upper Gzhelian to lower Asselian; the Shansi and Lower Shihhotse formations are from middle Asselian to lower Sakmarian; the Upper Shihhotse Formation is assigned to upper Artinskian to lower Kungurian, and the Sunjiagou Formation was assigned to Lopingian, respectively. A long hiatus up to ∼20 Myr between the Upper Shihhotse and Sunjiagou formations, mainly marked by a large-scale erosional surface at the base of a coarse conglomeratic sandstone unit and/or multiple paleosol layers as well as significant differences of floras between these two lithostratigraphic units, is present probably due to tectonic uplift in association with the closure of the Paleo Asian Ocean (PAO) during the Cisuralian and Guadalupian. The possible amplitude of sea-level changes from Carboniferous to Permian on the NCB is estimated from 0 to 40 m. The floral succession, depositional records and organic carbon isotope profiles suggest that the latest Carboniferous and earliest Permian was a favorable period for coal accumulation under an ever-wet and warm climate, followed by a prominent shift to dry climate from early-middle Cisuralian. This climatic shift during the Permian was mainly resulted from northward migration of the Pangea and the closure of the PAO, which is comparable with the Carboniferous and Permian trends in central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paleobiogeographic affinity of fusulinids in the Lhasa Block remains contentious, despite its significance for deciphering the complex Paleozoic history of the Tibetan Plateau. Our new collection from the Lhunzhub area and literature data recently accumulated necessitate an up-to-date overview of the Middle Permian fusulinids in this block from both taxonomic and paleobiogeographic perspectives. Systematic identification reveals Lepidolina multiseptata multiseptata, Colania ozawai, Verbeekina cf. tenuispira, V. americana etc., indicative of a Midian age, in the new materials from the Luobadui Formation. Overall, the Middle Permian fusulinids of this block could be distinguished into two types: 1) characterized by verbeekinids and neoschwagerinids; 2) dominated by Nankinella and Chusenella. Furthermore, these fusulinids as a whole were compared, at the generic rank, with their counterparts from other Gondwana-derived blocks, as well as Cathaysian South China, both qualitatively and quantitatively (cluster analysis and principal ordination analysis). Results show that these fusulinids of the Lhasa Block, is closely affiliated with those of the South Qiangtang, both of which paleobiogeographically belong to the Cimmerian Province, especially based on the occurrence of Rugososchwagerina (Xiaoxinzhaiella) and smaller foraminifer Shanita. Meanwhile, the Lhasa Block also bears resemblance with Cathaysian South China by sharing some genera of verbeekinids and neoschwagerinids, including the Lepidolina which more commonly occurs in the eastern Tethys and Panthalassa. It is remarkable that the Lhasa Block accommodates more diversified Middle Permian fusulinids than the eastern Cimmerian blocks do, given its lacking Early Permian fusulinids. Such contrast between the Early and Middle Permian fusulinids reflects considerable climatic amelioration of the Lhasa Block, which is interpreted to mainly result from its rifting from Gondwana before the Guadalupian time and northward drifting afterwards. The Lhasa Block was possibly located near to the South Qiantang Block, and at lower paleolatitudes than the eastern Cimmerian blocks during the Middle Permian. • Two types of Mid-Permian fusulinid faunas in Lhasa Block, Nankinella- dominated or not. • Lepidolina , more commonly in eastern Tethys and Panthalassa, confirmed in Lhasa Block. • It is part of Cimmerian Province due to endemic taxa and less diversity than S. China. • It might be near S Qiantang and at lower palaeolatitudes than E. Cimmeriarn blocks. • Our study supports that it rifted from the Gondwana margin before the Guadalupian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Early Permian oolites are, for the first time, identified in the eastern peri-Gondwana, as represented by those recovered from the Tengchong Block in western Yunnan, SW China. • These oolites contain Early Permian Sakmarian–Artinskian Eoparafusulina fusulinids, thus are coincident with the eventual demise of the late Paleozoic glaciation in Gondwana. • The appearance of these oolites probably reflect a short-term warming pulse of sea-surface temperature for the Tengchong Block, which were facilitated by post-glacial warming and possibly reinforced by local favorable geographic conditions. Discovery of fusulinid-bearing oolites from the Tengchong Block in western Yunnan, China, provides new insights into Permian paleoclimatic history of the eastern peri-Gondwana. In the northern Tengchong Block, new carbonate samples from the lower part of the Dadongchang Formation yield a monotonous fusulinid assemblage, comprising Eoparafusulina tschernyschewi tschernyschewi , E. tschernyschewi oblonga , E. tibetica , E. aff. tschernyschewi tschernyschewi and E. aff. laudoni. This assemblage correlates well to late Sakmarian–Artinskian fusulinids widespread among the Cimmerian blocks in peri-Gondwana, which were characterized by low diversity and dominance of cosmopolitan taxa. Such fusulinids have been interpreted to indicate temperate-water environment in the aftermath of late Paleozoic glaciation. Moreover, the eastern Cimmerian region has been suggested, by both paleontological and sedimentological data, to be even cooler than the western region especially during the Early Permian. However, the fusulinids of this study unexpectedly occur within oolites, as ooids diagnostic for warm-water settings, have never been recorded from Early Permian strata of any eastern Cimmerian block. This new finding in the northern Tengchong Block indicate that the shallow marine there was warm enough to accommodate not only poorly diversified fusulinids but also oolites, even immediately posterior to the late Paleozoic glaciation. The appearance of these oolites is more likely ascribed to a warming pulse of sea-surface temperature in the context of post-glacial climatic amelioration than to the northward drift of the Tengchong Block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental pollution emissions are two important ways to alleviate energy problems. Despite the progress in energy efficiency, the growth in energy demand still exceeds the efficiency improvements. This study adopts nonparametric methods to estimate the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 105 resource-based cities covering the period 2010–2016 in China and analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of changes in energy efficiency. Furthermore, panel quantile regression is applied to analyze the multiple impacts of economic level, industrial structure, resource endowment, energy price, government intervention and degree of openness on energy efficiency. The main findings are as follows. (1) Each determinant has a different influence on TFEE at different levels; among them, the influence of the fuel and energy price index show an inverted U-shaped distribution as the quantile increases, and that of the GDP per capita shows a stronger heterogeneity than those of other factors. (2) Resource-based cities with lower efficiency are more sensitive to government intervention than are cities with higher efficiency. (3) A city's openness has a negative effect on TFEE, which partly supports the pollution haven hypothesis: the more foreign investment a resource-based city receives, the lower its energy and technology efficiency. Finally, some practical suggestions for the sustainable development of resource-based cities are discussed. Unlabelled Image • Panel quantile regression is used to analyze the impacts of 6 determinants on TFEE. • GDP per capita shows a stronger heterogeneity than those of other factors. • The influence of the fuel and energy price show an inverted U-shaped distribution. • Cities with lower efficiency are more sensitive to government intervention. • The relationship between city openness and TFEE partly supports the pollution haven hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Gzhelian (Late Pennsylvanian) reefs of the Amushan Formation in eastern Inner Mongolia, North China, were formed by filamentous microbes and phylloid algae. Loosely accumulated prostrate phylloid algae provided substrates for growth of filamentous microbes to construct a rigid reef framework. Filamentous microbes grew parallel to the surfaces of phylloid algae, forming micritic encrustations. Subsequent developed stage of the filamentous microbes, growing perpendicularly to the phylloid algae surfaces, produced the peloid-A aggregations (concentrated areas of peloids of A type). The remaining spaces in the phylloid algal–microbial frameworks were filled by microbes that grew perpendicularly to the phylloid algae surfaces, generating peloid-B aggregations (concentrated areas of peloids of B type). Microbial sediment with various proportions of phylloid algae is a significant character of the Gzhelian buildups in the subtropical North China. North China buildups have similar reef-building organisms to the typical Tethyan buildups, but have a different construction model. As such, the subtropical North China buildups are considered as a sub-type of the tropical Tethyan buildups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C threatens human health and brings a heavy economic burden. Shandong Province is the second most populous province in China and has uneven regional economic development. Therefore, we analyzed the incidence rate trend and regional differences of hepatitis C in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2021. The monthly and annual incidence rates of hepatitis C in Shandong Province from 2022 to 2030 were predicted by fitting Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and ARIMA-LSTM combined model. From 2004 to 2021, annual new cases of hepatitis C in Shandong Province increased from 635 to 5834, with a total of 61,707 cases. The incidence rate increased from 0.69/100 thousand in 2004 to 6.40/100 thousand in 2019, with a slight decrease in 2020 and 2021. The average annual incidence rate was 3.47/100 thousand. In terms of regional distribution, the hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province was generally high in the west and low in the east. It is estimated that the hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province will be 9.21 per 100 thousand in 2030. The hepatitis C incidence rate in Shandong Province showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2019 and a decreasing trend in 2020 and 2021. Significant regional variations in incidence rate existed. An upward trend in incidence rate is predicted from 2022 to 2030. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of hepatitis C to achieve the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030. • Hepatitis C is a serious threat to human health and brings heavy economic burden. • Incidence of hepatitis C in Shandong increased and then decreased from 2004 to 2021. • Economically underdeveloped western regions have higher incidence and faster growth. • A declining trend in incidence is predicted from 2022 to 2030. • It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of hepatitis C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The middle–late Cambrian is a crucial transition interval linking the Cambrian Explosion (CE) and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE). Previous studies have indicated the Furongian Biodiversity Gap with significantly lower richness and indistinct changes during this time interval. However, in addition to newly discovered deposits and Konservat-Lagerstätten (i.e., Guole Konservat-Lagerstätte in South China), and well-preserved continuous stratigraphic successions, the detailed richness pattern of this interval has emerged, filling the gap between the CE and the GOBE. The high-resolution richness curve of marine invertebrates in South China based on Constrained Optimization analysis revealed several biodiversity events, including three extinctions, two radiations, and one fluctuation interval. The first biotic crisis, the Guzhangian–Paibian extinction, accounted for a 45.0% richness loss and coincided with the global Marjuman extinction event previously identified in the Laurentian trilobite and brachiopod records. The second extinction, the Jiangshanian extinction, resulting in a 55.2% richness loss, can be correlated to the Steptoean–Sunwaptan biomere extinction in Laurentia. Finally, a third extinction mainly affecting cephalopods and conodonts occurred near the Cambrian/Ordovician boundary in South China, immediately followed by the GOBE, a rapid, extraordinary biodiversity increase in the Early and Middle Ordovician. Two radiation intervals have been recognised in the middle–late Drumian and the middle Paibian, respectively, before the first two extinctions. A long-term richness fluctuation started from the latest Jiangshanian until the Cambrian/Ordovician boundary. Some of the events in South China can be identified in other continents, suggesting a global pattern and mechanism. We further discussed the possible relationships between these biotic and environmental changes. The combined Fe speciation change results showed that the species richness seemed to follow the oceanic redox changes. Thus, there is no significant biodiversity gap but marked fluctuations in marine life associated with environmental volatility between the CE and the GOBE in South China. • A richness trajectory in the history of marine life with a resolution of ∼22.1 kyr. • Three extinctions and two radiations are recognised in the middle–late Cambrian. • Fe speciation data indicate the species richness is tracking oceanic redox changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early Paleozoic sediments document two major biological events: the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) and Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME). Many investigations have focused on taxonomic richness patterns during these major diversification and extinction events, providing insights into their timings and potential causes. However, the coarse temporal resolutions used in previous investigations hampered their ability to document fine-scale patterns. To address these issues, we employed CONOP analysis to data collected from a large suite of southern Chinese stratigraphic successions to construct a high-resolution (temporal resolution of ~21.0 Kyr) regional chronostratigraphy and document species richness dynamics during the middle–late Cambrian to early Silurian interval. Our results showed that the GOBE began in the early Tremadocian and ended at the Dapingian–Darriwilian boundary and consisted of two major radiation phases. The main pulse of GOBE, which lasted from the late Floian to the earliest Darriwilian, exhibited a species richness increase with elevated origination and extinction rates. Major marine groups showed no significant diachroneity during the GOBE, with most presenting richness peaks in this event's main pulse of the GOBE. Plankton demonstrated a significant diversification from the late Cambrian to the GOBE climax and subsequently dominated the marine realm in South China. Marine life experienced two extinction events in the Late Ordovician, the Katian extinction and Hirnantian extinction, which resulted in a regional species loss of ~67%. • 38,122 local records of 2986 species to construct the early Paleozoic biodiversity history • The biodiversity curve achieves a resolution of ~21.0 Kyr by using CONOP and supercomputer. • GOBE showed a two-phased exponential richness increase of ~9.9 times in ~16.6 Myr. • Two extinctions in the Late Ordovician eliminated ~67% marine species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) has been under developing for the precision measurements of the Higgs Boson. The requirement of jet energy resolution is 3 % ∼ 4% and the calorimeters should have high energy resolution. Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) oriented highly granular calorimeters based on Arbor algorithm could achieve it and one option of Hadronic Calorimeter (HCAL) is Analog Hcal (AHCAL) composed of stainless steel as absorber and scintillator as active medium, individually read out by Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). In this paper, 6 types of SiPMs from Hamamatsu and Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) are compared for the CEPC-AHCAL. The performance on crosstalk, Dark Count Rate (DCR), gain and Minimum Ionization Particles (MIP) spectrum combined the front-end electronics (SPIROC2E) and different SiPMs are studied. The better performance among them is the SiPMs typed 13360-1325PE from Hamamatsu from our measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sakmarian–Kungurian (Early Permian) carbonate mounds of the Amushan Formation of the Deyanqimiao section in eastern Inner Mongolia, North China comprise phylloid algae-echinoderm mound, fusulinid-echinoderm mound and echinoderm mound. They were constructed by repeating the following steps in the mid-ramp and outer ramp environments: 1) skeletal grains accumulated in situ, or after short-distance transportation; 2) tubiform microbes eroded skeletal grains, induced the formation of CaCO 3 crystallites near the cell surface, and trapped and bound suspended lime mud from ambient water; 3) some positive topographies slightly higher than adjacent sediments were formed. Data from North China, as well as the tropical Tethyan domain and the subtropical Pangean domain show a three-phase development pattern of Early Permian carbonate buildups. The first phase (Asselian-Sakmarian) is marked by carbonate buildups rich in organisms, such as phylloid algae, Palaeoaplysina , Shamovella , sponges and bryozoans. The second phase (Artinskian) is represented by the disappearance of phylloid algae and Palaeoaplysina from carbonate buildups resulted from the paleoclimatic change from an icehouse to a greenhouse. The third phase (Kungurian) is characterized by the sharp contrast between drastic decline of carbonate buildups in the subtropical Pangean domain and their successful development in North China and the tropical Tethyan domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency is tied to energy activities and environmental effects and serves as a useful tool for sustainability analysis. Few insights have been acquired for sustainability development from resource-based cities in developed or developing countries. A Super-Slack-Based Measure (Super-SBM) with undesirable outputs is established to account for the total-factor energy efficiency from an energy-economy-environment perspective. Using China as a case study, the spatial variation in energy efficiency from 104 resource-based cities is analysed, furthermore, the results are compared with a scenario that does not consider environmental constraints. Finally, resource-based cities are classified into three categories through K-means clustering technology: high-efficiency region, medium-efficiency region and low-efficiency region. The investigation results show the following: (1) Efficiency disparities exist in resource-based cities under different scenarios, as a whole, the energy efficiency in the scenario two considering by-products of energy activities is obviously lower, which can more truly represent the sustainability of resource-based cities. (2) Most resource-based cities are in low-efficiency zones with substantial room for improvement. Spatial agglomeration effect or spatial spillover effect appears in a few cities. (3) Urban development in developing countries may follow the full life cycle process of local resources. A total of 262 resource-based cities could be roughly categorized into four types. The energy efficiency of growing type is the highest, followed by grow-up type, recessionary type, and regenerative type. (4) The ordering of efficiency in resource-based city is as follows: oil and gas-based > multiple minerals-based > non-metallic-based > nonferrous metal-based > coal-based > forestry-based > ferrous metal-based. The discussion offered in this study for various types of resource-based cities could provide a reference for other cities or developing countries which are in similar industrialization phases and hope for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity and overweight, as determined by the body mass index (BMI), are harmful to metabolic health. However, the BMI can not reflect body composition or fat distribution. The fat-free mass index (FFMI) and the fat mass index (FMI) can provide more information on body composition. The aim of the observational research was to determine whether the FMI and the FFMI are significantly associated with the risk of developing diabetes and prediabetes., Methods: The investigators included data for 10,085 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) participants aged over 20 years who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The FFMI and the FMI were determined based on total fat mass and lean mass measured by DXA. Diabetes and prediabetes status were determined by medical history and laboratory examination. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the correlations between the FMI/FFMI and the risk of developing diabetes/prediabetes. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to explore underlying nonlinear associations., Results: In the present study, 1,135 patients were diagnosed with diabetes, 3,258 had prediabetes, and 5,692 were classified as control participants. The FFMI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.16) and the FMI (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.12) were independently related to an increased risk of developing diabetes. Moreover, the FFMI (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.16) and the FMI (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13) also independently correlated with a rising risk of developing prediabetes. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) outcomes suggested that the associations are approximately linear., Conclusions: Both the FMI and the FFMI significantly correlated with the danger of developing diabetes and prediabetes, and the correlations are approximately linear., Competing Interests: Declarations The protocol for the NHANES study received approval from the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics. Each participant provided written informed consent prior to their involvement in the survey. As this study constitutes a secondary analysis of the publicly available NHANES database, it does not necessitate additional ethical review by the hospital’s ethics committee. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Limited studies examined the interaction effects between summer heat exposure and economic development on the settlement intention, especially for the floating population. Binary logistic regression model was used to examine the association of summer temperature, per capita GRDP (PGRDP), summer temperature × PGRDP with settlement intention. Additive interaction term for summer temperature and PGRDP level was used to test the interactive effects. This study indicates that summer heat exposure will decrease the settlement intention of migrants (OR:1.386, 95% CI: 1.35-1.423), while PGRDP will increase settlement intention (OR: 0.893, 95% CI: 0.870-0.917). There is a negative interaction between summer temperature and PGRDP in the additive model. To a certain extent, summer heat exposure can weaken the attractiveness of economic development for migrants to settle down, they prefer to settle in cities with favorable temperatures and high levels of economic development. Stratified analyses illustrated that summer heat exposure showed lower settlement intention among female, the elderly, engaged in agriculture and industry and living in central China. The government should take measures about mitigation, adaptation and balancing economic development and climate change to reduce the adverse impacts of summer heat, and pay more attention to vulnerable groups and backward regions., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The data used in this study were from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), which is a publicly accessible database. According to the requirements of the official website of the database, we submitted the data use application and obtained the official approval and download permission. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Few studies have investigated the association between PM 2.5 and hypertension among floating populations. We therefore examined the relationship using binary logistic regression. Each grade of increment in the annual average PM 2.5 (grade one: ≤15 µg/m 3 ; grade two: 15-25 µg/m 3 ; grade three: 25-35 µg/m 3 [Excluding 25]; grade four: ≥35 µg/m 3 ) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.081, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-1.129). Among the female floating population (OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.030-1.204), those with education level of primary school and below (OR = 1.140, 95% CI: 1.058-1.229), construction workers (OR = 1.228, 95% CI: 1.058-1.426), and those living in the eastern region of China (OR = 1.241, 95% CI: 1.145-1.346) were more vulnerable to PM 2.5 . These results indicate that PM 2.5 is positively associated with hypertension in floating populations. Floating populations who are female, less educated, construction workers, and living in the eastern region of China are more vulnerable to the adverse impacts of PM 2.5 .

There are limited studies investigating the association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases in China. This study aims to examine the short-term effects of PM 2.5 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A combination of Poisson-distribution generalized linear model and distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and incident cases of CVD. The results revealed that per 10 µg/m 3 increment of PM 2.5 would increase the incident CVD cases by 0.147% (Relative Risk: 1.00147, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.00008-1.00286) at a lag of 2 days. The stratified analyses showed higher effects risk in females, older residents (aged 60-75 years), and acute myocardial infarction group (p-value for difference <0.05). This study indicates that short-term exposure to PM 2.5 may increase the risk of CVD and highlights the necessity for a higher air quality standard in Yantai, China.

Network security technology is capable of mitigating attack signals launched by malicious attackers, thereby safeguarding and bolstering system security. Secure state estimation is a type of network defense technology that involves reconstructing the system state by measuring potential attacks. The relevant research has also been expanded to distributed systems to enable collaborative secure state estimation among different agents facing homogeneous attacks; however, such research significantly enhance the communication load of the system. On the other hand, if the homogeneous attack is non-existent or consistent, excessive network communication is definitely inefficient. An event-triggered approach is a potent technique that can alleviate communication overhead while having minimal impact on system performance. This paper proposes a mechanism for event-triggered transmission in the context of distributed secure state estimation. While communication latency and data transmission disorder may be present within the communication network, the estimation error of the proposed observer is constrained and bounded. The simulation results indicate that for stable malicious attack signals, system communication can be divided into high-frequency and low-frequency communication periods. The simulation results also shows that the maximum estimation error is proportional to the trigger threshold, allowing the observer's performance to be finely tuned to the required precision., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The objective of the tandem hydroformylation-hydrogenation of alkenes to corresponding alcohols was to design an efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst. To this end, a series of novel heterogeneous graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) supported bimetallic Rh-Co nanoparticle catalysts (Rh-Co/g-CN) were prepared and subsequently studied for this one-pot two-step reaction. The lamellar structure makes Rh and Co nanoparticles with diameters of <1 nm and 20 nm, respectively, homogeneously deposited on the surface of g-CN layers, exhibit remarkable conversion of styrene (99.9 %) and chemoselectivity for alcohol (87.8 %). More importantly, Co nanoparticles are found to play an important role in the improvement of the chemoselectivity for alcohol due to the formation of catalytic active species [HCo(CO) y ]. Besides the detailed investigation of the catalytic properties of Rh-Co/g-CN under different reaction conditions, the reuse of Rh-Co/g-CN was conducted for five times and no evident decrease in the activity and chemoselectivity was observed. Therefore, we expect that this work could offer an initial insight into g-CN-based heterogeneous catalyst on the tandem hydroformylation-hydrogenation reaction., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Limited studies examined the interaction effects between exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and economic development on the settlement intention of floating population. We used binary logistic model to examine the association of PM 2.5 , per capita GDP (PGDP), PM 2.5 [Formula: see text] PGDP on the settlement intention. Additive interaction term of PM 2.5 and PGDP level was used to investigate their interactive effects. Overall, each one grade increment in annual average PM 2.5 was associated with decreased probability of settlement intention (OR = 0.847, 95%CI: 0.811-0.885). The interaction effect between PM 2.5 and PGDP on settlement intention was significant (OR = 1.168, 95%CI: 1.142-1.194). The stratified analysis showed PM 2.5 exhibits lower settlement intention in the aged 55 years or above, engaged in low-skilled works, and living in the western China. This study indicates that PM 2.5 -exposed will decrease the settlement intention of floating population. High economic development level can weaken the relationship between PM 2.5 and settlement intention. Policymakers should balance the socio-economic development and environmental health and focus on vulnerable population., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There are limited studies investigating the relationship between exposure to PM 2.5 and the health status among the mobile population. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a nationally representative sample (2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data) consisting of 169,469 mobile population. The ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the association between PM 2.5 and the health status in mobile population. Stratified analyses were performed to identify whether the association varied across gender, age group, and regions in China. Overall, every 10 μg/m 3 increment in annual average PM 2.5 was associated with increased risk of poor self-reported health (OR = 1.021, 95% CI: 1.012-1.030). Mobile population aged 31-49 years and living in the central region suffers the highest PM 2.5 -associated health risk (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.019-1.042; OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.075-1.116). Our study suggests that PM 2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of poor self-reported health in mobile population, particularly among the population aged 31-49 years and people living in the central region of China. Policymakers should pay more attention to the vulnerable mobile population to tackle the health burden of ambient air pollution., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Heavy oil and petroleum refining residues usually contain high concentrations of recalcitrant hazardous organosulfur compounds, causing long-term serious global environmental pollution during leakage and combustion. Research conducted here identified a unique thermophilic bacterium Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius W-36 with the notable ability of waste residue oil desulfurization, utilization and tolerance of multiplex hazardous organosulfur pollutants. Genome information mining revealed multiple desulfurization systems in three organosulfur-utilizing gene clusters. Enzymatic characterization, phylogenetic relationships, transcriptional performance and structural prediction indicated four novel key monooxygenases for diverse organosulfur removal. Importantly, all monooxygenases shared obvious commonalities in the predicted tertiary structure backbone and catalytic characteristics of C-S bond cleavage, implying the potential of genetic engineering for broad-spectrum hazardous organosulfur removal. Therefore, this work demonstrated the important application potential of thermophilic bacteria as a promising alternative biodesulfurization way for waste residue oil cleaning., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

There are limited studies examining the association between PM 2.5 exposure and incident cerebrovascular disease (CD) cases in China. In this study, daily counts of incident CD cases and daily PM 2.5 concentrations were obtained in Yantai, Shandong Province, China from 2014 to 2019. We used a combination of the Poisson-distribution generalized linear model (GLM) and a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to examine the association of short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and incident cases of CD. The results revealed that for every 10 μg/m 3 increment of PM 2.5 would increase the incident CD cases by 0.216% (RR:1.00216, 95%CI:1.0016-1.0028) at lag4. The stratified analysis demonstrated that the females and residents aged 65 years or above presented higher short-term PM 2.5 -associated CD risks than the males and aged below 65 years. Targeted prevention strategies should be adopted to reduce the PM 2.5 -related CD burden, especially for the susceptible population in China., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)