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The future of any country depends on the overall development of its students. Moral development is one such aspect of this development. There are many stages of human development. From all these stages childhood stage is most important, as at this stage the mind of child is fresh and raw to perceive any kind of knowledge. Holistic development of an individual is incomplete if moral values are neglected. Moral values play an important role in shaping personality of child. Moral values are things held to be right or wrong or desirable or undesirable. While morality is something described as innate in human, the scientific view is that a capacity for morality is genetically determined in us, but the sets of moral values is acquired, through example, teaching and imprinting from parents and society. Realizing the importance of moral values among elementary school students a descriptive study was conducted using moral value scale for school children by Alpana Sen. Gupta and Arun Kumar. The result was statistically analyzed using mean, SD and t-ratio. The moral value dimensions lying, dishonesty, stealing and cheating was compared and assessed for male and female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: The safety of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is a cause of concern for many who have been vaccinated. The people have multiple concerns and fear regarding the adverse events of the vaccine. Thus, this study was undertaken to establish the safety profile of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) among the healthcare professionals. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. After taking clearance from the institutional ethics committee 1500 healthcare professionals, who had their vaccination in the past two weeks were selected. They were provided with an online survey proforma regarding adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) of COVID-19 vaccine developed using google forms with an informed consent form affixed to it. Results: A total of 1036 individuals participated in the study. The mean and median (inter quartile range) age of the participants was 37.7 ±11.25 and 35 (29-46) yr, respectively. Of these, 52.1 per cent were female, 29.3 per cent were doctors, 33.4 per cent were nurses and 9.5 per cent were paramedical staff. Forty six per cent participants experienced one or more minor AEFIs such as pain, tenderness, redness, etc. at the injection site. Fatigue (31.75%), generalized feeling of unwell (28.57%), muscle pain (23.16%) and fever (21.71%) were the most commonly reported systemic AEFIs followed by headache (20.07%), dizziness (10.03%) and joint pains (15.25%). Most of them experienced these AEFIs within 24 h of the first dose of administration. About 42 per cent of the participants took oral antipyretics/analgesics for managing the AEFIs. Interpretation & conclusions: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine was found to be associated with mild local and systemic AEFIs that were more common after the first dose as compared to the second dose. There adverse events could be dealt with oral over-the-counter medications, with no requirement of hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of this survey was to generate data on Indian population so that the prople of the country may make an informed decision on vaccination practices as the observation was a low incidence of vaccine-related adverse events. We appreciate the efforts made by Mungmunpuntipantip and Wiwanitkit to provide constructive criticism on our survey on vaccination-related adverse events. 3 Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Thrombosis after adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccination: A concern on underlying illness. [Extracted from the article]

The coverage of vaccination was more in rural area (87.1%) than that of urban area (85.2%) as per DLHS-4 in Chandigarh.[[2]] The present study showed 100% immunization coverage for all vaccines. These results were similar to the study conducted in rural area of Bangalore which showed that 85.4% mothers had positive attitude regarding immunization.[[5]] In conclusion, the study showed 100% immunization coverage of under-5 children. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To explore the opinions and beliefs of physicians about integrating families into the care system of hospitalized preterm neonates., Methods: The setting was Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a tertiary care center in North India. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the physicians using a pre-validated FGD topic guide. The FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed. The meanings were drawn, and dependability was ensured. Themes and sub-themes were generated and finalized with a common consensus., Results: Five FGDs were conducted involving 28 physicians. The physicians opined that making families a part of the care system has several benefits, though they brought out some concerns. They opined that involving parents gives them confidence and satisfaction as they get empowered about neonatal care at the hospital and home after discharge. They reported difficulties in communication due to perceived inadequacy in counseling skills, language barriers and literacy levels of families, and lack of adequate time due to clinical overload. They identified nurses and public health nurses as an important bridge between physicians and families, and peer support as a useful facilitator. They suggested that role assignments to team members, training in counseling and communication, improving the comfort of parents and organizing information in easy-to-understand audio- visual content can help improve the family integration., Conclusions: The physicians highlighted practical barriers, facilitators, and remedial measures to effectively integrate the families into the care system of preterm hospitalized neonates. There is a need to address the concerns of all stakeholders including the physicians for successful implementation of family integration., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.)

Background: To assess the effectiveness of educational intervention to reduce the weight of school bags., Material and Methods: The study design was one group pre- and posttest experimental Research design., Place and Duration of Study: Government Senior Secondary School Dhanas, Chandigarh, and Shri Guru Harkrishan Model Senior Secondary School Sector-38D, Chandigarh (A private school) between July and November 2018. Names of the schools can be avoided. Total 760 students from selected sections nursery to 10 th class of school were enrolled in the study. At baseline and end line weight of children, school bags and its content were weighed using weighing scale. Length of bag strap, breath of bag, torso of children, and their shoulders size were measured by measuring tape. Bag carrying style, posture, etc., were observed by observation checklist. Interviewed children (5 th to 10 th class) were using Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire for musculoskeletal system assessment. Educational intervention was provided to the children for one month to reduce weight of school bag by teaching in assembly and displaying the charts in school. (Use of softbound thin textbooks, breaking thin books in 2-3 thin softbound books, use lightweight bag, pencil box, lunch box, and water bottles. Pack bag as per timetable.)., Result: The result revealed that heavy school bags were carrying 69.7% children from government school and 80.2% from private school. Children carrying heavy bags reported musculoskeletal problems 5 times higher than their counterparts. After intervention, there was significant reduction in the weight of school bags ( P < 0.001 as per paired t-test). Provide the weight of the bags before and after intervention in addition to the P value., Conclusion: Children carrying heavy bags were suffering from musculoskeletal problems. Intervention helped in reducing the weight of school bag., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Community Medicine.)

Objective: To increase the time spent by children on play activities and reduce screen time on daily basis from baseline to 25% over the period of 10 wks in hospital setting of a tertiary care centre, North India., Methods: The quality improvement design was chosen and the study was conducted in the pediatric surgery and medicine wards of a tertiary care centre in North India. The participants of the study were children admitted in the medical and surgical wards, their caregivers and health care personnel (both nurses and physicians) working in the respective wards. The study was conducted in three phases: planning, development and implementation phase. In planning phase, the baseline assessment of outcome and process measures was performed and the root cause analysis was done which revealed that there was problem with the procedure and policy. This is why day-to-day play implementation procedure protocol development and implementation was chosen as a change based on Eisenhower's matrix. In development phase, day-to-day play implementation procedure protocol was developed and was implemented in the units by using PDSA (Plan, Do, Study and Act) model. Three PDSA cycles were conducted. The outcome measures were 'the time spent by the child on play activities on daily basis' (calculated by the time spent by child in play/total time the child was awake in a day) and 'the reduction in screen time' (calculated by the average time spend by the child on android based phone in a day). The process measures were day-to-day play implementation score, time spent by child on play activities and screen time on daily basis during hospitalization. The data was collected by the team members and the investigator., Results: At the end of all PDSAs, the day-to-day play implementation score and time spent on play activities increased by 50% and 20% respectively and the screen time reduced to 73%. Though the outcome measures were nearly achieved, the continuous efforts are still required to ensure sustainability and future incorporation of play in day-to-day routine of hospital care., Conclusion: This QI initiative helped in increasing the play opportunities and reducing the screen time in wards. Hence, both the process and outcome measure were nearly achieved, whereas sustainability remained an issue.

Objectives: To develop standard operational protocol (SOP) on oral drug administration and checklist to assess the implementation of the developed SOP., Methods: In this prospective methodological study, SOPs were developed in five phases. In the first phase, the preliminary draft of SOPs and checklists were prepared based on literature review, assessment of current practices and focus group discussion (FGD) with bedside working nurses. In the second phase, content validity was checked with the help of Delphi technique (12 experts). Total four drafts were prepared in stages and necessary modifications were made as per suggestions after each Delphi round. Fourth Delphi round was performed after conducting a pilot study. In the fourth phase, all bedside nurses were trained as per SOPs and asked to practice accordingly and observation of thirty oral drug administrations in children was done to check reliability of checklists for implementation of SOPs. In Phase-V, 7 FGDs were conducted with bedside nurses to assess the effectiveness of SOPs., Results: The Content Validity Index (CVI) of SOP and checklists was 99.77%. Overall standardized Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.94. All the nurses felt that the SOP is useful., Conclusion: Valid and feasible SOP for drug administration to children through oral route along with valid and reliable checklist were developed. It is recommended to use this document for drug administration to children.