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353 results on '"Rahul Shah"'

352. Reconstructing the Hubble parameter with future Gravitational Wave missions using Machine Learning

Author

Mukherjee, Purba, Rahul Shah, Bhaumik, Arko, and Pal, Supratik

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

We study the prospects of Machine Learning algorithms like Gaussian processes (GP) as a tool to reconstruct the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ with two upcoming gravitational wave missions, namely the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) and the Einstein Telescope (ET). We perform non-parametric reconstructions of $H(z)$ with GP using realistically generated catalogues, assuming various background cosmological models, for each mission. We also take into account the effect of early-time and late-time priors separately on the reconstruction, and hence on the Hubble constant ($H_0$). Our analysis reveals that GPs are quite robust in reconstructing the expansion history of the Universe within the observational window of the specific mission under study. We further confirm that both eLISA and ET would be able to constrain $H(z)$ and $H_0$ to a much higher precision than possible today, and also find out their possible role in addressing the Hubble tension for each model, on a case-by-case basis., Comment: 9 pages, 5 sets of figures

353. Primary Prophylaxis Patterns for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: What are the Current Prescribing Trends in Specialty Practice?

Author

Goswami BD, Kapoor D, Nijhawan S, Patil S, Kalita P, Khaleeq A, Shah R, and Choudhuri G

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Gastrointestinal Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Lactulose therapeutic use, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Liver Cirrhosis drug therapy, Hepatic Encephalopathy epidemiology, Hepatic Encephalopathy etiology, Hepatic Encephalopathy prevention & control
Abstract

Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a significant complication of severe chronic liver insufficiency characterized by altered sensorium, motor, and cognitive dysfunction. This was a cross-sectional multicenter, epidemiological study to understand the prescribing pattern for primary prophylaxis of overt HE (OHE) in patients with cirrhosis in India., Methods: The study was conducted at eight centers across different geographical regions of India. A total of 200 patients (100%) were screened, of which 197 (98.50%) met all the inclusion criteria. The prescribing pattern of the physicians was studied by calculating the percentage (subject to availability of sufficient data) of OHE-naïve patients with cirrhosis who were prescribed with different classes of drugs as primary prophylaxis of HE (such as lactulose, rifaximin, neomycin, sodium benzoate, and L-ornithine L- aspartate). The risk factors responsible for initiation of primary prophylaxis of HE was also determined., Results: All the 197 patients (100%) were prescribed with prophylactic treatment. The factors that were considered by treating physicians to pose a risk for precipitating OHE for which prophylaxis was initiated were constipation in 111 (56.35%), infections in 51 (25.89%) and gastrointestinal bleeding in 35 (17.77%). Of the total 197 patients, 122 (61.93%) patients were prescribed a monotherapy, and 75 (38.07%) were prescribed a combination therapy. Of the patients on combination therapy, 68 (34.52%) patients were prescribed with two primary prophylaxis agents (dual therapy), and seven (3.55%) patients were prescribed with three primary prophylaxis agents (triple therapy). Lactulose was the most commonly prescribed agent for primary prophylaxis, followed by rifaximin., Conclusion: These findings may guide recommendations on primary prophylaxis for OHE in patients with liver cirrhosis that may help reduce the occurrence of first episode of overt HE, and thereby prevent subsequent cognitive impairment in these patients., (© Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.)

Published
2021

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