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In order to solve the problems of increasing computational complexity and real-time system degradation caused by the continuous extension of application scenarios, this paper proposes a closed-loop detection method based on the Bag of Word model when constructing the SLAM backend optimization algorithm. The feature point set of the image set is extracted by the ORB feature extraction algorithm, and a visual dictionary tree for image similarity detection is generated. And in the closed-loop detection, the similarity detection of the image is accurately performed using the weight assignment method of the visual word. After the validation of the public data set, the improved algorithm solves the problem of scale drift of the system, improves the real-time performance of the system, and completes the relocation function of the system.

Background: Cathepsin C (CTSC) (dipeptidyl peptidase I, DPPI), is a member of the papain superfamily of cysteine proteases and involves in a variety of host reactions. However, the information of CTST in Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), an amphibian species with important evolutionary position and economic values, remained unclear. Results: The full-length salamander CTSC cDNA contained a 96 bp of 5′-UTR, a 1392 bp of ORF encoding 463 amino acids, and a 95 bp of 3′-UTR. The salamander CTSC possessed several sequence features similar to other reported CTSCs such as a signal peptide, a propeptide and a mature peptide. The active site triad of Cys, His and Asn were also found existing in salamander CTSC. Salamander CTSC mRNA was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues with significantly variant expression level. The highest expression of CTSC was in intestine, followed with stomach, spleen, lung and brain. Following Aeromonas hydrophila infection for 12 h, salamander CTSC was significantly up-regulated in several tissues including lung, spleen, brain, kidney, heart, stomach and skin. Conclusion: CTSC plays roles in the immune response to bacterial infection, which provided valuable information for further studying the functions of CTSC in salamander. Keywords: cDNA, CTSC, Dipeptidyl peptidase I, Gene expression, Hydrophila, Immune, Peptide, Sequence, Tissue

Background: Peptidoglycan (PGN) recognition proteins (PGRPs) are important pattern recognition receptors of the host innate immune system that are involved in the immune defense against bacterial pathogens. PGRPs have been characterized in several fish species. The PGN-binding ability is important for the function of PGRPs. However, the PGRP-PGN interaction mechanism in fish remains unclear. In the present study, the 3-D model of a long PGRP of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) (csPGRP-L), a marine teleost with great economic value, was constructed through the comparative modeling method, and the key amino acids involved in the interaction with Lys-type PGNs and Dap-type PGNs were analyzed by molecular dynamics and molecular docking methods. Results: csPGRP-L possessed a typical PGRP structure, consisting of five β-sheets and four α-helices. Molecular docking showed that the van der Waals forces had a slightly larger contribution than Coulombic interaction in the csPGRP-L-PGN complex. Moreover, the binding energies of csPGRP-L-PGNs computed by MM-PBSA method revealed that csPGRP-L might selectively bind both types of MTP-PGNs and MPP-PGNs. In addition, the binding energy of each residue of csPGRP-L was also calculated, revealing that the residues involved in the interaction with Lys-type PGNs were different from that with Dap-type PGNs. Conclusions: The 3-D structure of csPGRP-L possessed typical PGRP structure and might selectively bind both types of MTP- and MPP-PGNs, which provided useful insights to understanding the functions of fish PGRPs.

The extraction optimization, characterization, antioxidant activities and hypoglycemic in vitro of polysaccharides from Gougunao tea (GTP) were investigated in this study. The extraction conditions were optimized as extraction time of 3.2 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g/mL) and extraction temperature of 95 °C, reaching a maximum yield of 10.78 ± 0.21%. Three new fractions (GTP40, GTP60 and GTP80) were separated from GTP by gradient concentrations of ethanol. Their weight-average molecular weight, number-average molecular weight and polydispersity index were determined to be 48286–195451 Da, 33946–118948 Da, 1.422–1.643 by the high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Chemical analysis revealed that they were all composed of arabinose, galactose, ribose, glucose, rhamnose, manose, xylose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid with different molar ratios, as well as a small amount of proteins. What’s remarkable is that the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in vitro of them were all in the order of GTP40>GTP60>GTP80 in a concentration-dependent manner. The half inhibition concentrations (IC50) of GTP40 for 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) radical, hydroxyl radical were 0.066 mg/mL, 0.255 mg/mL and 3.610 mg/mL, and for α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 1.271 mg/mL and 0.013 mg/mL, respectively. It will provide a theoretical basis for the further utilization of polysaccharides from Gougunao tea.

Cathepsin A (CTSA) is serine carboxypeptidase, an important protease in the lysosome. In this study, the full complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of CTSA in Chinese giant salamanders Andrias davidianus was cloned, and its sequence features were analyzed. Tissue expression patterns of CTSA in healthy and Aeromonas hydrophila-infected salamanders were also investigated. The full cDNA sequence of salamander CTSA was 1,620 base pairs in length, encoding 472 amino acids. Salamander CTSA shared high sequence identities with other vertebrates' CTSAs, ranging from 62.7% to 68.9%. In healthy salamanders, CTSA was highly expressed in spleen, followed by brain, intestine, and stomach. After A. hydrophila infection, salamander CTSA was significantly upregulated in lung, heart, muscle, and kidney; was downregulated in liver, spleen, and intestine; and exhibited no significant changes in stomach and skin, indicating that salamander CTSA might play defense roles in multiple tissues during bacterial infection. These results provide a solid basis for further study of the immune function of amphibian CTSA. Received September 18, 2016; accepted June 18, 2017.

This paper presents the measurement and simulation of Alternating Current (AC) losses on the Stabilizer-free and Copper Stabilizer High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Tapes: SuperPower SF12100 and SCS12050. The AC loss measurement utilised electrical method to obtain overall losses with AC transport currents. The 2D H-formulation by COMSOL Multiphysics has been used to simulate the real geometry and multi-layer HTS tapes. Ferromagnetic AC losses of substrate have been assumed to be ignored as the substrates of SF12100 and SCS12050 are non-magnetic. Hysteresis AC losses in the superconducting layer, and eddy-current AC losses in copper stabilizer, silver overlayer and substrate were concerned in this investigation. The measured AC losses were compared to the AC losses from simulation, with 3 cases of different AC frequency 10, 100, and 1000 Hz. The eddy-current AC losses of copper stabilizer at frequency 1000 Hz were determined from both experiment and simulation. The estimation of AC losses with frequency at 10,000 Hz was also carried out using simulation method. Finally, the frequency dependence of AC losses from Stabilizer-free Tape and Copper Stabilizer Tape were compared and analysed.

This paper is focused on displacement monitoring of a bridge, which is one of the key aspects of its structural health monitoring. A simplified Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) approach is used to monitor the displacements of the Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River High-speed Railway Bridge (China). This bridge is 1272 m long and hosts a total of 6 railway lines. The analysis was based on a set of twenty-nine Sentinel-1A images, acquired from April 2015 to August 2016. A dense set of measurement points were selected on the bridge. The PSI results show a maximum longitudinal displacement of 150 mm, on each side of the bridge. The displacements are strongly correlated with the temperature, showing that they are due to thermal expansion. Using the PSI results, the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the whole bridge was estimated. The result agrees well with the CTE of the bridge materials. Using a regression model, the PSI-measured displacements were compared with in-situ measurements. The paper proposes a procedure to assess the performance of the movable bearings of the bridge, which is based on the PSI measurements.

MyD88 and IRAK4 are important components of TLR signaling pathways. However, information about MyD88 and IRAK4 is vacant in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), a marine teleost with great commercial value. Thus, in this study the full lengths of trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were cloned from golden pompano using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR methods. trMyD88 was 1213 bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 288 amino acids (aa), consisting of a 99 aa of death domain at its N-terminal and a 137 aa of the TIR domain at its C-terminal. trIRAK4 was 1606 bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 469 aa, including an N-terminal death domain and a central kinase domain, connected by a ProST domain. Other domains or aa residues needed for their functions were also identified in trMyD88 and trIRAK4. Physicochemical features and 3-D structures of trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were also analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the 2 genes were ubiquitously expressed in tissues from healthy pompano, especially highly in the spleen and head kidney, indicating their roles in the immune response. Further, trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were up-regulated at 12 h after the Vibrio alginilyticus and polyI:C challenge and continued to 48 h post challenge. Our results demonstrated that MyD88 and IRAK4 played important roles in the golden pompano innate immune system, providing the basis for further study of the signaling pathways that these 2 genes are involved in.

Cathepsin L subfamily is an important part of cysteine cathepsin family, involving in a range of reactions of host, especially in immune response. In this study, 3 cathepsin genes (adCTSH, adCTSL and adCTSS) were cloned from Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), the largest extant urodela amphibian species. adCTSH cDNA sequence was 1104 bp containing a 999 bp of open reading frame (ORF) that encoded 332 amino acid (aa). adCTSL cDNA was 1080 bp and contained a 975 bp of ORF encoding 340 aa. adCTSS cDNA was 1310 bp, encoding 332 aa. These newly cloned cathepsins shared high sequence identities (48%–67.8%) with their counterparts in other vertebrates. adCTSH, adCTSL and adCTSS were widely expressed in all ten selected tissues, but their expression patterns were different. Importantly, adCTSH, adCTSL and adCTSS were significantly up-regulated in some tested tissues at 12 h post Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In addition, phylogenetic tree analysis elucidated the evolutionary order of cathepsin L subfamily genes in vertebrates as L, F, H, S, K, W and V. Our results revealed that adCTSH, adCTSL and adCTSS might play role in the innate immunity against bacterial infection in salamander and provided valuable information for elucidating the immune function of cathepsin genes in amphibians.

This meta-analysis was designed to determine the effect of an intracardiac lateral tunnel (ILT) versus an extracardiac conduit (ECC) on patients undergoing a Fontan procedure. A search of the literature in PubMed, Embase, China Academic Literature, and Wanfang databases yielded 23 studies comprising approximately 1000 patients for analysis. There were statistically significant differences between ILT and ECC in the frequency of early sinus node dysfunction, early total arrhythmias, late supraventricular tachycardia, late sinus node dysfunction, late total arrhythmias, and need for pacemaker. By contrast, no statistically significant differences between the two methods were found in takedown, protein-losing enteropathy, thromboembolic events, early supraventricular tachycardia, early mortality, and total mortality. We conclude that an ECC confers some advantages over an ILT, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Di Liu,1,* Qihuan Li,1,2,* Jing Dong,3 Dong Li,4 Xizhu Xu,4 Weijia Xing,4 Xiaoyu Zhang,1 Weijie Cao,1 Haifeng Hou,4 Hao Wang,1,5 Manshu Song,1 Lixin Tao,1 Xiaoping Kang,6 Qun Meng,1 Wei Wang,1,4,5 Xiuhua Guo,1 Youxin Wang1 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People’s Republic of China; 2Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China; 3Center for Physical Examination, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia; 6The Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Youxin WangSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10 83911779Email wangy@ccmu.edu.cn Xiuhua GuoSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10 83911504Email guoxiuh@ccmu.edu.cnBackground: The mechanism by which normal body mass index (BMI) with central adiposity (NWCA) increases the risk of the diseases has not been completely elucidated. The inflammatory role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation in obesity defined by BMI or central adiposity defined by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was reported, respectively. We undertook this three-center cross-sectional study to determine the association between the IgG N-glycans and NWCA.Methods: The participants were categorized into four different phenotypes: normal BMI with normal WHR (NW), normal BMI with central adiposity (NWCA), obesity with normal WHR (ONCA) and obesity with central adiposity (OCA). The IgG N-glycans were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of released glycans, and differences among groups were compared.Results: In total, 17 out of 24 initial IgG N-glycans were significantly different among the four groups (NW, ONCA, NWCA and OCA) (P

Glycomics is a new subspecialty in omics systems sciences that offers significant promise for next-generation biomarkers on disease susceptibility, drug target discovery, and precision medicine. In this context, alternative immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are the most common targetable genomic drivers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 90% of the EGFR mutations comprise of EGFR exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R mutation, while EGFR exon 20 insertion (EGFR Ex20Ins) is the third most common type of EGFR mutation. Currently, studies on EGFR Ex20Ins are relatively scarce and limited. The frequency of EGFR Ex20Ins mutations in NSCLC was 1–10%. Patients harboring EGFR Ex20Ins exhibited similar clinical characteristics except for poorer prognosis as compared to patients with sensitizing mutations in EGFR. Conventional TKIs have poor efficacy in a majority of EGFR Ex20Ins subtypes. Chemotherapy remains the preferred treatment for advanced NSCLC patients harboring EGFR Ex20Ins. However, some novel inhibitors are considered as putative candidates. This review focuses on the structural and biochemical features, clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of EGFR Ex20Ins in NSCLC.