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Periodontal disease is categorized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Over the years, there have beenseveral clinical techniques and material options that have been investigated for periodontal defect repair orregeneration. The development of improved biomaterials for periodontal tissue engineering has significantlyupgraded the available treatment options and their clinical results. Bone replacement graft materials, barriermembranes, various growth factors and combination of these have been used. Autografts have been used asthe bone graft material of choice since many years. But this type of grafts has many limitations to its use.In order to overcome its drawbacks, xenografts may be used as a viable alternative. Xenografts also knownas heterologous graft tissues, is obtained from different species, and has been used in various differentperiodontal procedures. The characteristic properties of xenografts and the benefits of using it has made thistype of graft to emerge as an appropriate choice for periodontal regeneration. The objective of this articleis to a review xenograft as a bone replacement graft material to be used in periodontal therapy. The source,mode of bone regeneration and the respective advantages and disadvantages of xenogenic materials havebeen discussed in detail.

Orthodontic and periodontal treatment of the permanent maxillary teeth, which were retained due to trauma on the deciduous dentition, showed a perfect alignment of the teeth associated with healthy and stable periodontal tissues during an 11‐year follow‐up.

Gingivitis and periodontitis are induced by numerous pathogenic microbiota hosted in the subgingival biofilm that first trigger the innate immune response. Innate immune response is part of a homeostatic system which is the first line defence and defines the host inherited resistance to infection. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in variable individual susceptibility to inflammation of periodontal tissues. That is why, although more than 600 bacterial species have been detected in the periodontal plaque, the type of bacteria incriminated in the development of the inflammation is still unclear. Moreover, in the last decade gene polymorphisms have been largely recognised as important conditions associated with increased susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Manipulating the immune response by the development of drugs that inhibit adverse host reactions and promote beneficial effects might be of therapeutic or prophylactic importance. This work intends to assess the importance of Toll-like receptors as main effectors of the innate immune response in the triggering, maintenance and progression of periodontal inflammation, as well as of the involvement of synthetic molecules targeting TLR signalling pathways in treating periodontal diseases.

Background Although deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) such as CYLD, A20 and OTULIN are expressed in multiple tissues and thought to be linked with inflammatory diseases, their expression in periodontal tissues remains to be determined. This research was designed to assess the expression of CYLD, A20 and OTULIN in human gingiva, and to evaluate the regulation of these DUBs in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) upon different stimuli. Methods Immunohistochemistry assay was conducted to determine the expression of CYLD, A20 and OTULIN in human gingiva. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the protein expression of CYLD, A20 and OTULIN in HGFs. RT-PCR and western blots were carried out to assess gene and protein expression changes of these DUBs in HGFs upon LPS or TNF-α. Results CYLD, A20 and OTULIN were found to be expressed in human gingiva and HGFs. The expression of CYLD, A20 and OTULIN was lower in the inflamed gingival tissue samples compared with the healthy gingival tissue samples. Further, the expression of CYLD, A20 and OTULIN in HGFs exhibited distinct regulation by different stimuli. TNF-α treatment markedly increased NF-κB activation in HGFs Conclusions Our findings suggest that CYLD, A20 and OTULIN might play a role in the progression of periodontitis.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objectives: The present study aimed to compare two different models of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats by evaluating tooth movement efficiency and periodontal tissues remodelling. Design: Fifteen animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups: control group (untreated); ligature appliance (LA) as experimental OTM using a closed coil spring fixed around maxillary first molar by steel ligature; occlusal appliance (OA) as experimental OTM using a closed coil spring attached on the occlusal surface of the maxillary first molar. After 15 days, all animals were euthanized, and the maxilla of each animal was collected for qPCR, micro-computed tomography, and histological analyses. Results: Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expressions were significantly upregulated in the animals of the LA group as compared to the other groups. No significant difference was observed in tooth displacement between both methods. The LA group presented higher linear bone loss and lower values of bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, trabecular number and increased values of trabecular separation compared to the other groups. The birefringent collagen content in the tension side of the periodontal ligament contained significantly lower collagen content in the LA group than in the control group. Furthermore, on the pressure side, the collagen content was significantly lower in the LA and OA groups than in the control group. Conclusions: The OA group presented little or no deleterious effect on periodontal tissues compared to the LA group, suggesting its use may be more reliable for OTM induction in rats for 15 days. Department of Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Morphology Genetics Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University - UNESP Department of Morphology Genetics Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University - UNESP FAPESP: 2017/07137-2

An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a prototype dental probe was used to image fresh, frozen porcine jaws to evaluate the ability to identify different tissue types in the periodontium. OCT reliably imaged structures in the tooth and the periodontium to optical depths of approximately 3 mm at the 18 swine premolar sites measured. Measurements of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) distance with OCT were compared to microphotography measurements at matching anatomic sites. Strong correlation between the measurements was observed (Person correlation r=0.89). Bland-Altman analysis of the agreement between measurements showed good agreement, no systematic bias, and zero fixed bias (p

Objective This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the use of a cell sheet formed by mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues (ddMSCs) for periodontal tissue regeneration in animal models in comparison with any other type of regenerative treatment. Design PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies up to December 2020. The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. Results Of the 1542 potentially relevant articles initially identified, 33 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were considered for this review. Even with a wide variety of selected study methods, the periodontal tissue was always regenerated; this indicates the potential for the use of these cell sheets in the future of periodontics. However, this regeneration process is not always complete. Conclusion Despite the implantation, ddMSCs sheets have a great potential to be used in the regeneration of periodontal tissue. More in vivo studies should be conducted using standardized techniques for cell sheet implantation to obtain more robust evidence of the relevance of using this modality of cell therapy for periodontal tissue regeneration.

BackgroundHere, we assess the association between Hcy serum levels and periodontal status in a large representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsWe included 4,021 participants with a periodontal examination, medical self-reported data, BP and blood samples to determine complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Hcy levels. We then calculated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and the periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA). Multivariable regression analysis explored the association between Hcy, periodontal measures and blood pressure. Mediation analysis was performed to understand the effect of age on the association of periodontitis with BP. Mediation analysis assessed the effect of PISA and PESA in the link between Hcy and BP.Results4,021 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Hcy levels showed significant correlations with systolic BP, diastolic BP, PISA, PESA and age. PESA showed to be significantly associated with Hcy both for the crude and adjusted models (p0.05). In the association of Hcy with systolic BP, PISA significantly mediated 17.4% and PESA 0.9%. In the association of Hcy with diastolic BP, PISA significantly mediated 16.3% and PESA 47.2%.ConclusionsThis report shows that Hcy and periodontitis are associated. Also, both PISA and PESA significantly mediated the association of Hcy with systolic BP and diastolic BP. Future studies shall deepen the mechanisms by which homocysteine levels increase in a clinical situation of periodontitis.One-sentence summary describing the key finding(s) from the studyHomocysteine and periodontitis are associated. The periodontal inflamed and epithelial surface areas significantly mediate the association of homocysteine with systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

The methodologies applicable for the evaluation of periodontal associated diseases are constantly evolving to provide quick, realistic, and scientifically proven results. Trends in the past followed a clinical evaluation of periodontal tissues and radiographic-based reports that formed the foundation for detection of diseases involving the structures supporting the teeth. As the confines and limitations of conventional strategies became obvious over the passage of time, hand in hand variety of techniques have evolved and experimentally justified. These improvisations are based on an improved understanding of the periodontal-pathogenic cascade. Periodontal pathogenesis and a paradigm shift from disease understanding to disease prevention and treatment entail few prerequisites that demand the objectivity of diagnostics procedure that includes sensitivity and specificity along with an explanation of the intensity of the disease, Gingival crevicular fluid an oral bio-fluid resides in the close proximity with gingival tissues have been widely used to understand and differentiate the periodontal health and diseased status. The biomarkers present in the GCF can be a reliable tool to detect the minute changes seen in the disease processes. The GCF consists of various host and bacterial-derived products as well as biomarkers which in turn can be evaluated for the diagnosis, prognosis as well as management of the periodontal disease. Thus, the review aims at describing GCF as a potential oral biofluid helpful in differentiating periodontal health and disease status.

Background Wound healing is a multifactorial procedure involving different cell types and biological mediators. The principles of wound healing are also applicable to periodontal tissues. The formation and stability of blood clots play a vital role in successful healing of wounds in periodontal tissues. The aim of the present review was to highlight the vital factors of periodontal flaps associated with blood clot stability. Highlight The data on periodontal regeneration and wound healing have evolved greatly in light of several factors, including space for blood clots and blood clot stabilization. In periodontal osseous defects, the stability of blood clots seems critical to wound healing. If mechanical forces can be managed by wound stabilization, the gingival flap-tooth root interface may show connective tissue repair. However, compromised adhesion is susceptible to mechanical forces and can cause wound breakage and epithelialization. Conclusion The presence of a thick blood clot may hinder the plasmatic circulation between the recipient bed and graft during the initial stage of healing, which is critical in cases of mucogingival surgery. Root conditioning can also determine the healing consequence by enhancing blood clot adhesion.

Redondoviridae is a family of DNA viruses recently identified in the human oro-respiratory tract. However, the characteristics of this new virus family are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between redondoviruses and chronic periodontitis. In addition, the complete circular genome, phylogenetic relationship, and biological characteristics of novel redondoviruses were analyzed. The gingival tissues of healthy individuals (n = 120) and periodontitis patients (n = 120) were analyzed using nested polymerase chain reaction assays. The prevalence of redondovirus infection in the periodontitis group was 71.67%. Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between redondoviruses and chronic periodontitis after controlling the confounding factors (odds ratio = 2.53). Five novel redondoviruses, named ‘human periodontal circular-like virus (HPeCV)’, were identified in patients with periodontitis and detailed genetic analysis of the viruses was performed. The 3,035–3,056 bp genome contained a capsid protein, a replication-associated protein, an open reading frame 3 protein, and a stem-loop structure. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that HPeCV-1, HPeCV-10, and HPeCV-25 formed a cluster. Recombination may be common in the genomes of HPeCVs. Potential antigenic epitopes in the capsid protein, which may be involved in the host immune response, were predicted. In conclusion, periodontitis patients had a significantly higher prevalence of redondoviruses than healthy controls. Genetic characterization enhanced the current understanding of the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of redondoviruses as well as their association with periodontitis in humans. The data presented in this article will expand the current understanding of the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of redondoviruses.

Developments in engineering and biological science technologies in recent years have increased the capacity of tissue engineering to be utilized in medical and dental disciplines more effectively. Numerous studies have been conducted using stem cells and scaffolding materials to investigate the potential of regenerative periodontal procedures. The scope of this chapter is to review the nature of periodontal regeneration, the current understanding of periodontal regenerative protocols and surgical applications, recent developments in periodontal tissue engineering, variables that affect clinical applications of periodontal regeneration, and to discuss the limitations and the future directions of regenerative periodontal research.

Advanced healthcare materials 10(1), 2001269 (2021). doi:10.1002/adhm.202001269, Published by Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

Periodontitis is one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory conditions resulting in progressive destruction of periodontium. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme that is involved in the degradation of gelatin and collagen and present in the gingival crevicular fluid, is markedly increased in periodontitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment either alone or in combination with orthodontic treatment on MMP-9 levels. In this study, 60 individuals were subjected to periodontal treatment (PD) or periodontal treatment combined with orthodontic treatment (POD). Both periodontal and periodontal plus orthodontic treatments significantly improved clinical parameters and lowered MMP-9 levels compared to control group. However, the combination of periodontal with orthodontic treatment further improved clinical parameters and enhanced the lowering effect on MMP-9 levels compared to periodontal or control groups alone. Finally, the degree of malocclusion significantly affected the effect of the treatment on MPP-9 levels with PD treatment having the most pronounced effect. We concluded that salivary MMP-9 can serve to accurately predict the level of inflammation in affected periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment that is also associated with the type of malocclusion, making it a viable diagnosis tool in monitoring the progression of the periodontium during orthodontic treatment.

Objectives To evaluate oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) patients and individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to healthy controls, and to explore possible associated factors. Materials and methods Fifty ERA patients, 50 at-risk individuals, and 50 age and gender matched healthy controls were recruited. OHRQoL (Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14)); number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT); denture use; periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA); xerostomia (xerostomia inventory (XI)); and possible TMD (-pain) diagnoses were recorded. The groups were compared on these variables. Subsequently, backward multiple regression analyses were performed for the ERA and at-risk groups, with OHRQoL as the dependent variable and gender, age, DMFT, denture use, PISA, XI, non-painful TMD, and TMD pain as independent variables. Results At-risk individuals had higher XI scores (U = 789.5, z = -3.181, p = 0.001, r = -0.32) and higher prevalence of TMD pain (p = 0.046, OR = 4.57; 95% CI 0.92–22.73) than healthy controls and higher OHIP-14 scores than the ERA group (U = 894.5, z = -2.418, p = 0.016, r = -0.24), while no difference in OHIP-14 was found between the control group and both other groups. For ERA patients, OHRQoL was associated with PISA and TMD pain (R2 = 0.498, p 2 = 0.410, p Conclusions Alertness of health professionals to TMD pain and periodontal inflammation in ERA patients and to xerostomia and TMD pain in at-risk individuals is recommended. Clinical relevance The results of this study address orofacial aspects that require attention of health professionals in the timeframe around RA onset. Trial registration: Dutch National Trial Register (NTR, NTR6362)

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of teeth caused by development of dental plaques and accumulation of microorganism around the gingival tissue. Curcumin has been shown to improve clinical parameters in periodontal diseases. However, the efficacy of curcumin in the elimination of periodontal pathogens is not clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the antibacterial activity of curcumin against periodontal pathogens. An electronic literature search in Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Google scholar was performed up to February 29, 2020, to identify studies assessing the antibacterial activity of curcumin against periodontal pathogens. From 1238 publications, three clinical trials and five in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria. All three clinical studies reported improvement in restoring gingival health in clinical and microbiological parameters, following adjunctive use of curcumin for treatment of periodontitis. All five in vitro studies showed that curcumin could inhibit the growth of bacterial strains. Three of the five in vitro studies evaluated the effect of curcumin on mixed biofilm of periopathogens, which showed a significant inhibitory effect of curcumin on periodontal biofilms. This systematic review found that curcumin has antibacterial activity against periopathogens. The anti-biofilm activity of curcumin is reported as one of the mechanisms for this phenomenon. Curcumin could improve the clinical parameters of periodontal tissue not only by inhibition of the pathogens but also by modulating the host response.

Periodontal tissues consist of cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone, which provide indispensable support for physiological activities involving mastication, swallowing, and pronunciation. The formation of periodontal tissues requires a complex process, during which a close relationship with biomineralization is noticeable. Alveolar bone and cementum are physically hard, both of which are generated from biomineralization and possess the exact mechanical properties resembling other hard tissues. However, when periodontitis, congenital abnormalities, periapical diseases, and other pathological conditions affect the organism, the most common symptom, alveolar bone defect, is always unavoidable, which results in difficulties for current clinical treatment. Thus, exploring effective therapies to improve the prognosis is important. Matrix vesicles (MVs), a special subtype of extracellular vesicles related to histogenesis, are widely produced by the stem cells of developing hard tissues. With the assistance of the enzymes and transporters contained within them, MVs can construct the extracellular matrix and an adequate microenvironment, thus promoting biomineralization and periodontal development. Presently, MVs can be effectively extracted and delivered by scaffolds and generate hard tissues in vitro and in vivo, which are expected to be translated into therapies for alveolar bone defects. In this review, we generalize recent research progress on MV morphology, molecular composition, biological mechanism, and, in particular, the biological functions in periodontal development. In addition to the above unique roles of MVs, we further describe the available MV-related biotechnologies and achievements that make them promising for coping with existing problems and improving the treatment of alveolar bone defects.

Clinically, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) across the narrow alveolar ridge area inevitably entails some adverse reactions such as limited movement and periodontal tissue damage. Hence, it is essential to reconstruct the morphology of the alveolar crest before the tooth movement. Unlike the routine reconstruction of alveolar ridge in the field of implant, the orthodontic practices are distinctive, which require dental movement across the constructed alveolar ridge with safety and stability. Herein, we addressed the pros and cons of reconstruction of the defected orthodontic alveolar ridge with different bone graft materials. Attention is also paid to other factors such as the postgraft initiation time of OTM that can substantially influence the bone reconstruction and tooth movement effect. Rather, considering the lack of a unified standard in orthodontic clinics related to bone reconstruction for OTM, we provide some recommendations and guidance for OTM through alveolar ridge defect area. Impact statement Re-establishment of the atrophic alveolar bone before orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is important for safe and efficient tooth movement. The most prevalent approach to regenerate alveolar bone in the defect rests on the application of bone grafts. This review evaluates the application of different bone graft materials to the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects, and provides some recommendations and guidance for OTM through alveolar ridge defect area.

The state and interaction of the main regulatory systems determines the body’s homeostasis and its resistance to any pathogenic effect, and the multifactorial model of the occurrence of the causes of the disease states that all diseases are the result of a complex interaction of biological, mental, social and other factors. It is necessary to take into account the fact that all systemic diseases, which, in particular, are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, changing the reactivity of the body, to one degree or another, contribute to the emergence and progression of dental pathology – inflammatory periodontal diseases. Modern methods of prevention and treatment of generalized periodontitis are represented by the elimination of local factors, which, with constant exposure, can cause damage to periodontal tissues, however, local factors cannot be considered the main cause of the pathological process in the periodontium. Many studies have established the medical and economic efficiency, duration and sustainability of the results of spa treatment. Scientific research and practice have shown that spa treatment methods can be used not only for chronic stages of diseases, but also in the early stages, after the end of the acute process of the disease, prevents the development of its chronicity, reduces the duration of temporary disability, and contributes to the patient’s rehabilitation. Taking into account the accumulated experience in the prevention of major dental diseases and the need for its use in patients with somatic pathology, the question arises about the effect of these measures on the properties of the oral fluid and the characteristics of the intragastric environment. As part of our work, an attempt will be made to consider the influence of etiological factors of inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract on the pathogenetic links of generalized periodontitis in the studied group of patients and to substantiate methods for the prevention of generalized periodontitis using natural factors and the properties of mineral waters of the Morshin resort.

Severe periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases, as well as malocclusions, which are very frequent anomalies. It has been widely discussed if orthodontic treatment is injurious for periodontal tissues, due to an increase in dental plaque and a change in oral microflora. Factors that allow the evaluation of a patient’s susceptibility have been suggested, along with some preventive measures that need to be considered during orthodontic treatment in periodontal patients. It is critical for orthodontists to take into consideration the patients’ susceptibility to suffer periodontal disease, taking the necessary measures during the orthodontic treatment to minimize dental plaque retention. Resumen La enfermedad periodontal avanzada es de las enfermedades orales más comunes, así como las maloclusiones, que son anomalías muy frecuentes. Se ha discutido ampliamente si el tratamiento de ortodoncia es perjudicial para los tejidos periodontales, debido a un aumento en la retención de placa bacteriana y un cambio en la microflora oral. Se han sugerido factores que permiten evaluar la susceptibilidad del paciente y algunas precauciones que se debe tener durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Es de vital importancia que el ortodoncista tome en consideración la susceptibilidad que tiene el paciente de padecer enfermedad periodontal y que durante el tratamiento tome las medidas necesarias para minimizar la retención de placa bacteriana.

Periodontal disease is characterized by the destruction of tooth supporting structures, and continuous destruction of these structures may lead to alveolar bone defects and tooth loss. Periodontal therapy aims to arrest the disease progression as well as to regenerate the loss of structures. Since, the regeneration of these structures is a complex process, cell-based tissue engineering has become one of the methods for periodontal tissue regeneration. In order to give mechanical support to the cells, an amniotic membrane has been proposed as one type of periodontal scaffold, due to its predictable properties. In this review, the integral structure, properties and the recent research in application of amniotic membranes, basically in medical and dental surgeries, along with its potential as a scaffold in periodontal regeneration are highlighted. Amniotic membranes have shown great potential as a suitable substrate/scaffold in in vitro and animal studies; thus provide an alternative for scaffolds materials nowadays. Nevertheless, further studies are required to establish its role and efficacy in periodontal tissue engineering.

Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases that can eventually cause tooth loss in adults. For the successful regeneration of periodontal tissue, one of the most feasible ways is the development of functional guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes with improved osteogenic capability. Here, we fabricated electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous membranes and designed a low-cost and eco-friendly strategy to modify the SF matrix via tannic acid (TA). In this process, the conformational transition of SF protein triggered by TA made a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties of the SF membranes. More importantly, TA could induce biomimetic mineralization and in situ growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the surface of the SF nanofibrous matrix. Cell experiments demonstrated that TA-coated SF nanofibrous membranes after mineralization could facilitate the proliferation and osteo-differentiation of MC3T3 cells. Considering the effectivity and methodological simplicity, this TA-mediated modification is a promising method to prepare SF-based GTR membranes with better mechanical performance and osteogenic function.

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Hormonal contraception is one of the contraceptive tools that many interested by family planning participants. Hormonal contraceptive methods consist of pills, injections, and implants. The use of hormonal contraceptive pills and injections may alter hormonal conditions in the periodontal tissues of contraceptive users who may cause gingival inflammation. The content of estrogen and progesterone contained in hormonal contraceptives will affect salivary pH. The purpose of this study was to observe the difference of salivary pH to users of hormonal contraceptive pill and injection in women aged 20-40 years in gedawang semarang. This study used analytical descriptive method withapproach cross sectional. The number of samples in this study are as many as 40 people with purposive sampling sampling technique. Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate analysis. To know the difference using thetest mann-Whitney.statistical results Mann-Whitney showed that there was a significant difference between salivary pH of users of hormonal contraceptive pill and injection in women aged 20-40 years, with p-value 0,000 (p 0.005). This is due to the estrogen and progesterone content that gives effect to the costostics contained in hormonal contraceptive pill while in contraceptive hormonal inject only estrogen alone. The results of this study indicate a difference in salivary pH in users of hormonal contraceptive pills and injections. Users of hormonal contraceptive pills have an average pH of neutrality compared to users of acid-induced injectable hormonal contraceptives.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the height and depth of buccal non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and the relationship between the size of buccal NCCLs and clinical crown-root ratio of both buccal and lingual (palatal) sides using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of the teeth and periodontal tissues from the cadavers. The micro-CT images of 56 teeth and their supporting tissues were obtained from 17 cadavers. From these images, the height and depth of NCCLs and the length of the buccal and lingual (palatal) clinical crowns were measured, and the conventional/modified clinical crown-root ratios were calculated. The height and depth ratio of NCCLs were analyzed statistically with the conventional/modified crown-root ratios by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. According to the Pearson's correlation, the height and depth of buccal NCCLs were positively correlated with the modified buccal clinical crown-root ratio (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). The regression model composed of variables of crown-root ratios explained the height of buccal NCCLs, and the prominent factor of the model was the modified buccal clinical crown-root ratio (p < 0.001). Moreover, the depth of buccal NCCLs was also explained by the regression model, and its prominent factor was the proportion of modified buccal and lingual (palatal) clinical crowns (p = 0.004). The buccal NCCLs were related to the crown-root ratios; particularly, the level of buccal gingival margin could be associated with the formation of buccal NCCLs.

Considering the specificity of periodontium and the unique advantages of electrospinning, this technology has been used to fabricate biodegradable tissue engineering materials for functional periodontal regeneration. For better biomedical quality, a continuous technological progress of electrospinning has been performed. Based on property of materials (natural, synthetic or composites) and additive novel methods (drug loading, surface modification, structure adjustment or 3 D technique), various novel membranes and scaffolds that could not only relief inflammation but also influence the biological behaviors of cells have been fabricated to achieve more effective periodontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of the usage of electrospinning materials in treatments of periodontitis, in order to get to know the existing research situation and find treatment breakthroughs of the periodontal diseases.

The morphological characteristics of periodontal tissue and tooth tissue in gingival biotype are one of the indicators reflecting the individual differences of periodontal tissue in patients. Gingival biotypes of anterior teeth are often related to the prognosis of smile aesthetic treatment, which is one of the reference indexes for predicting the success rate of aesthetic treatment such as restoration, implant, periodontal, orthodontic and so on. Gingival biotypes have individual differences, so different gingival biotypes have different responses to different external stimuli. In the current clinical work, the correct evaluation of gingival biotype, especially the accurate measurement of gingival thickness, is the basis of reasonable choice of treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Objective Oral biofilms burden host responses by induction of inflammatory mediators, exacerbating periodontal inflammation. Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) has been shown to decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, optimal wavelengths and exposure doses have not been established. This study investigated the effects of PBMT on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) stimulated with inflammatory mediators (LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β). Methods Cytotoxic effects of laser wavelengths 660 nm and 810 nm were assessed by measuring their effects on cellular dehydrogenase activity. The study was expanded to include 980 nm, 660 nm + 810 nm, and 810 nm + 980 nm. P.g. LPS, TNF-α, and/or IL-1β were added one hour before irradiation, then exposed to laser irradiation to determine the most appropriate stimulus. The levels of INF-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A/F, and MCP-1 production in stimulated hPDLFs were measured and analyzed. Results P.g. LPS was a poor stimulus for hPDLFs, while TNF-α and IL-1β significantly elevated the analytes. The 660 nm laser treatment induced pro-inflammatory cytokines when stimulated, while 810 nm exhibited significant suppression. IL-1β was the stimulus of choice and the 810 nm wavelength alone exhibited anti-inflammatory effects for all analytes except IL-8, while the 810 nm in combination with 660 nm and/or 980 nm exhibited effects similar to 810 nm alone. Conclusions The downregulation of inflammatory mediators by the combination or individual treatment with 810 nm wavelength shows promise for the management of periodontal inflammation. PBMT may lead to the development of a novel approach in the management of periodontal disease.

Rozhko P. D., Gargin V. V. Pathological changes in mucous membrane and microcirculatory bed vessels of rats oral cavity at modeling of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(7):438-444. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.07.045 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.07.045 https://zenodo.org/record/4270340 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 19.06.2020. Revised: 09.07.2020. Accepted: 31.07.2020. Pathological changes in mucous membrane and microcirculatory bed vessels of rats oral cavity at modeling of diabetes mellitus 1P. D. Rozhko, 2V. V. Gargin 1Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine; 2Kharkov National Medical University, Ukraine Abstract At experimental modeling of diabetes mellitus type II in rats, ischemic and dystrophic processes develop in periodontal tissues. It leads to emergence of destructive-inflammatory processes in animals and one of their pathogenic factors is apoptosis activation and compensatory activation of angiogenesis as evidenced by 1.81 times increase of monoclone BAX and 2.89 times increase of VEGF. The pathological processes mentioned should be taken into account in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic complexes of accompanying orthopedic treatment for diabetes mellitus patients. Key words: experimental animal; oral mucosal membrane; microcirculatory bed vessels.

Pušenje, osim što utječe na cjelokupno zdravlje organizma, ima veliki utjecaj i na usnu šupljinu. Posljedice se mogu vidjeti na tvrdim i na mekim zubnim tkivima. Pušači imaju veći rizik za razvoj parodontnih bolesti, a povećan rizik proporcionalan je intenzitetu i trajanju pušenja. Također, pušači imaju veći gubitak kliničkog pričvrstka i kosti te češći gubitak zuba. Kod pacijenata koji se odluče na implantološku terapiju, važno je naglasiti kako pušači imaju veći rizik od odbacivanja implantata i sporije cijeljenje rana. Brojni čimbenici utječu na stabilnost implantata među kojima se ističu položaj implantata u čeljusti, tehnika postavljanja implantata i rizični faktori kao što su pušenje, alkohol i oralna higijena. Istraživanjem se željelo ustanoviti utječe li pušenje i intenzitet pušenja na stabilnost implantata, ali i koliko na stabilnost utječu spol, oralna higijena te položaj implantata. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 ispitanika (17 žena i 13 muškaraca). Ukupni broj postavljenih implantata bio je 61. Izmjerena stabilnost implantata ukazuje na statistički značajnu razliku kada se govori o utjecaju pušenja, intenzitetu pušenja te položaju implantata. U odnosu na spol i oralnu higijenu ne postoji statistički značajna razlika. Snaga efekta najveća je za utjecaj položaja implantata. Implantati postavljeni u mandibuli stabilniji su od onih postavljenih u maksili. In addition to its effect on the overall body health, smoking also has a major impact on the oral cavity. The consequences can be observed on hard and soft periodontal tissues. Smokers have a higher risk of developing periodontal disease and the increased risk is proportional to the intensity and duration of smoking. Inflammation and bleeding are less pronounced in patients who smoke than non-smokers. When discussing options for implant therapy with our patients, it is important to emphasize that smokers face a higher risk of implant failure and slower wound healing. Several factors affect the stability of implants, among which are the position of the implant in the jaw, implant placement technique, and risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, and oral hygiene. This investigation primarily sought to determine whether smoking and smoking intensity affect implant stability. Another objective was to reveal to what extent gender, oral hygiene and implant placement play a role in affecting implant stability. In total 30 subjects (17 women and 13 men) participated in the study. The total number of placed implants was 61. The measured stability of the implants indicated a statistically significant difference when it came to the effect of smoking, smoking intensity, and implant placement. There was no statistically significant difference regarding gender and oral hygiene. The effect of strength was the greatest for implant placement. Implants placed in the mandible were more stable than those placed in the maxilla.