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CONTENTS:Freshwater prawn culture in China and its market prospects, by Miao Weimin. Demise of wastewater-fed duckweed based aquaculture in Bangladesh, by Peter Edwards. Freshwater finfish biodiversity – an Asian perspective I: Current status, by Thuy T.T. Nguyen and Sena S De Silva. Her farm is destroyed,how can we help? by S.Y. Sim. Women oyster vendors in Eastern Thailand, by Brian Szuster and Mark Flaherty. Feed and feeding practices at farm level for marine finfish aquaculture in Asia-Pacific, by Sih Yang Sim and Kevin Williams. ACIAR grouper grow-out feeds program andrelated CSIRO research, by Kevin C. Williams, David M.Smith, Ian H. Williams, Simon J. Irvin and Margaret Barclay. Feed development and application for juvenile grouper, by Ketut Suwirya and Nyoman Adiasmara Giri. Present status in the development of culture technologyfor the silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, by Sulaiman M. Almatar and Charles M. James. Best practices for using trash fish in the culture of juvenile Malabar grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, byLe Anh Tuan. Grouper grow-out feeds research at Maros Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture, South Sulawesi,Indonesia, by Usman, Rachmansyah, Asda Laining, and Taufik Ahmad. Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific ISSN 0859-600X

Un specimen de fiatole (Stromateidae) capture devant Rijeka en 1896, fut initialement identifie comme Stromateus fiatola. En 1948, le specimen qui est conserve dans la collection du Musee Zoologique de Zagreb, fut identifie comme Pampus argenteus par Šoljan, mais ce dernier doutait de son identification car P. argentues est une espece indo-pacifique, presente notament en Asie du sud-est et en Mar de Chine orientale. De plus, Šoljan n'a donne aucune description du specimen pour justifier son identification. Celle-ci est restee douteuse jusqu'a un examen recent du specimen qui a permis de confirmer l'identification provisoire de Šoljan. La specimen est decrit, et il est suggere qu'il a penetre en Mediterranee en suivant des bateaux a deplacement lent, ou associe a des meduses pelagiques, des epaves flottantes ou encore des algues derivantes. Ce signalement datant de 1896 represente le premier migrant lessepsien en Mediterranee.

The contents of natural and artificial radionuclides in two types of fresh water fish and four types of marine fish commonly consumed by the Hong Kong population have been measured using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry. The two types of fresh water fish are grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus). The four types of marine fish are white pomfret (pampus argenteus), red bullseye (priacanthus macracanthus), golden thread (nemipterus) and ginkgo (gymnocranius griseus). All measurements of U and Th chain radionuclides in the samples have yielded values below MDA except for positive detection of 228Ra (assuming 228Ra to be in equilibrium with 228Ac) in grey mullet and bullseye perch. The 40K and 137Cs radionuclides were detectable in all samples, with values of 0.01-0.2 and 41.23-111.47 Bq/kg fresh respectively. The different levels of radioactivity in different species of fish is suggested to be due to differences in metabolism and feeding patterns. The radionuclide 60Co, the only other artificial radionuclide to be investigated herein, recorded values below MDA for most of the samples; observable values ranged from 0.01 to 0.04 Bq/kg fresh. Committed effective doses due to ingestion of radionuclides from fish have been estimated to be 1.2 (male) and 6.4 (female) microSv/yr for natural radionuclides; 0.027 (male) and 0.026 (female) microSv/yr for artificial radionuclides.

The salinity tolerance and oxygen consumption of Pampus argenteus larvae(2 days after hatching and 4 days after hatching)were investigated at salinities of 5,10,20,30,40,50,55.Mortality,mean death time(MDT),median death time(DT50),median lethal salinity-48 h(MLS-48),and survival activity index(SAI)were employed as indices of salinity tolerance,and individual oxygen consumption was detected by respirometer.The results showed that lower(5)and higher(above 50)salinities were detrimental to P.argenteus.MLS-48 for 2-day-old larvae and 4-day-old larvae ranged from 8.15 to 24.90 and 15.54 to 34.97,respectively.DT50 and MDT of 2-day-old larvae in 10-30 environment were significantly higher than other salinities,while DT50 and MDT of 4-day-old larvae were higher in 10-40.SAI of 2-day-old larvae in 10 and 20 environment were significantly higher than other salinities,while the better value of SAI in 4-day-old larvae was in 20-30,and salinity of 20 was the best one for both kinds of larvae.From the results of individual oxygen consumption,for larvae among the suitable salinity ranges(10-30),there was no significant difference between salinities,but higher salinities caused higher oxygen consumptions of larvae.The results indicated that the optimum salinity range of P.argenteus was 15.54-24.90,and higher salinity can cause an increase of oxygen consumption in P.argenteus larvae,but there was no significant effect among tolerant salinity range.

A Study was carried out on spawning season, feeding and some environmental conditions of 8 aquatic species of Hormozgan sea waters from Oct. 91 to Mar. 93. The results showed that spawning peak for Otolithes ruber, Psettodes erumei, Pomadasys kaakan, Arius thalassinus and Arius tenuispinis occurred in spring, for Pampus argenteus and Parastromateus niger occurred in summer, and for Sopia pharaonis occurred in Autumn. Two summer spawner and two Arius species were appeared Lo he very gluttonous and other spring spawner species showed rather less tendency for feeding P. argenteus appeared to eat copepod and rhizosolenia and P. niger stomach contents included nematode and annelid worms and also copepod, P. erumei feeds on small fishes and others eat crustacean and small fishes too. High growth coefficients for P. argenteas and A. renuispinnis a medium growth coefficient for P. niger and low growth coefficients for other species were obtained. Except for S. pharaonis, geographical distribution did not differ significantly (α

The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed shallow sea and is an important spawning,nursery and feeding ground for many migratory species from the Yellow Sea.Currently,overfishing and environment degradation may have changed the community structure in the Bohai Sea.The decline in the biomass,species composition,and size spectrum indicates a degradation of the Bohai Sea ecosystem.At the same time,the mean trophic level at high trophic level declined faster than global trend.So,it is very necessary to re-understand the feeding relationship in the Bohai Sea.Based on the data collected from bottom trawl surveys conducted in August and October of 2009 in the Bohai Sea,23 kinds of fish species,not including silver pomfret Pampus argenteus,and 7263 stomach samples were analyed.According to stomach analysis,the cluster analysis,of which 60% of similarity level was used as criterion,was used to study the functional groups and their major species of fish assemblages in the Bohai Sea.The results suggested that seven functional groups were divided among fish assemblages in the Bohai Sea,that is zooplantivores,omnivores,benthivores,shrimp predators,shrimp/fish predators,piscivores and generalist predators.In China coastal seas,the trophic structure of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was similar and they belong to a large marine ecosystems,so variations in their fisheries resources relate closely with each other.Although according to the biomass,zooplantivores,omnivores and shrimp/fish predators were all major functional groups in August and October,there were some remarkable seasonal differences between two months.There were seven functional groups in August and six functional groups in October.The most important is that the proportion of each functional group was different.In August,zooplanktivores functional group accounted for larger proportion,but coming into October,the proportion of zooplanktivores functional group substantially declined,and the proportion of omnivores,piscivores and generalist predators functional groups increased.Fish assemblages at different ontogenetic phases was the major reason causing those differences.Since most marine species in the Bohai Sea are migratory species,which come into the Bohai Sea in spring and leave in late autumn,the further study on the difference of functional groups should take into account seasonal migration of fish assemblages.The results also showed that there were 5 major species:small yellow croaker Pseudosciaena polyactis,Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius,gizzard-shad Clupanodon punctatus,silver pomfret and half-fin anchovy Setipinna taty in August,small yellow croaker,rednose anchovy Thrissa kammalensis,silver pomfret,gizzard-shad and half-fin anchovy in October,respectively.According to their diet composition,Coscinodiscus sp.,Calanus sinicus,Euphausia pacifica,Acanthomysis longirostris,Acetes chinensis,Maeruran larva,Alpheus japonicus,Chaeturichthys hexanema,small yellow croaker,gastropoda and bivalvia were main prey species in the Bohai Sea,but now,anchovy and crab are not the main prey species.

The occurrence in the North Sea of a specimen of the white pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788), a mesopelagic fish which is native to the Indian Ocean and particularly South-east Asia and the East China Sea, is described. Other anomalous distribution records for the same species are examined and some possible explanations investigated.

Aspects of the reproductive biology of Pomadasys argenteus, Otolithes argenteus and Pampus argenteus are described. Maturation of the gonads is divided into 8 arbitrary stages, and the distribution of the stages in an annual cycle is reported. In Pomadasys argenteus there is a major spawning period from February to April and another minor one in October. In Otolithes argenteus there is one distinct spawning period from January to April. The spawning season of Pampus argenteus extends from March to August. The histology of the gonads and the distribution of oocytes of different diameters in the ovaries of the 3 fish species are described. The distribution of oocyte diameters in the ovary of Pampus argenteus is polymodal and characteristic of serial spawners, whereas the distribution of oocyte diameters in Pomadasys argenteus and Otolithes argenteus corroborate the finding that these fish are single spawners. The estimated potential fecundity for Pomadasys argenteus ranged from 6 25 848 to 2 424 846, for Otolithes argenteus from 53 676 to 7 163 954 and for Pampus argenteus from 765 675 to 2 537 774.

The occurrence of Bicotyle vellavoli and copepods at 10 fishing centres along the coast of South India, the site specificity of B. vellavoli and its frequency distribution on Pampus chinensis and P. argenteus were studied. A higher level of prevalence and abundance of B. vellavoli was recorded on P. chinensis than on P. argenteus indicating specific differences in host susceptibility. The parasite was significantly less abundant on P. chinensis taken from Madras than on fish from Mandapam, and significantly more abundant on hosts from Madras than those from Pondicherry. The largest numbers of B. vellavoli occurred on gill I with decreasing prevalence towards gill IV. The parasite exhibited preference for attachment to the most anterior region of the gills. The differences in B. vellavoli numbers between gills and sectors are not due to area differences. B. vellavoli was overdispersed in both host species populations, and the expected distribution on the basis of the negative binomial was found to be very close to the observed distribution on 70–160 and 270–350 mm size classes of P. chinensis, and on 70–260 mm P. argenteus.

Silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (EUPHRASEN) is one of the commercially important fishes in Japan, and distributed from middle Japan to the South China Sea. It attains about 60cm in total length of the grown. The seasonal occurrence of eggs in the sea, and the information about the gonad condi-tions of this fish caught by commercial gill nets suggest that the spawning season of silver pomfret extends from early July to late August in the middle part of the Seto Inland Sea and the peak is from late July through early August. The authors carried out fertilization of this fish artificially and observed the egg develop-ment and hatched out larvae. The egg is bouyant, colorless, spherical in shape, 1.20-1.35mm in diameter, and it con-tains a single oil globule of 0.43-0.45mm in diameter. The yolk is coarsely segmented around its animal pole. The hatching took place in about 24 hours after fertilization at 25.2-26.4°C of the water temperature (Fig. 1, a-h). In the process of the development, many melanophores appeared on the embryonal body, yolk and oil globule. At the late embryonic development, orange-yellow pigment cells ap-peared on the embryonal body and posterior part of the yolk. The larva just hatched out is 2.75-3.10mm in total length, and has the oil globule situ-ated at the posterior part of the yolk, and the anus opened somewhat posteriorly to the middle of the body. Melanophores distribute over the head, the trunk, anterior part of the yolk and the oil globule, Orange-yellow pigment cells also distribute over the posterior part of the eye, the dorsal surface of alimentary canal and the middle part of the tail where accompanying several melanophores. The myotome number is 13+22=35 (vertebral number of this fish is 34) (Fig. 1, 1). Within five days after hatching out, the larva attained 4.10mm in total length, the yolk and the oil globule were entirely consumed and the head and the trunk became thicker. The melanophores gathered together around trunk part, and the orange-yellow pigment cells became faint (Fig. 1, 1).

Polythene lined thermocole insulated plywood boxes (second-hand tea chests) could be successfully used for transport of fresh iced fish. It was found that a minimum of 25 mm thermocole insulation was necessary during summer (April to June) and 15 mm during winter (Nov. to March). By using these insulated boxes the initial fish to ice ratio could be brought down to 1:0.75 and still further to 1:0.5 at the height of winter in Jan. and Feb. These second-hand tea chests are robust and are able to stand a minimum of 5 trips to and fro. The moulded polystyrene boxes are not suited for long distance transport. Another redeeming feature in the entire operation was that there was practically no loss of fish due to spoilage in transit. 100% of the fish transported was in acceptable condition and could be marketed. In the non-insulated boxes used by the trade, the loss due to spoilage ranged from 10% to 25%, and this could be completely eliminated by the use of these insulated boxes.

The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) activities in the skeletal muscle of several fish species is reported. AAT activity is found higher than ALAT activity and that the red muscle has higher aminotransferase activity than the white muscle. It is observed that 2-oxoglutaric acid has a wider scope as an amino group acceptor than pyruvic acid in the skeletal muscle of fish. The significance of transamination& in fish is discussed.

The paper presents results of a study on the analytical characteristics of lipids from the skin and muscle of four important species of Gujarat coast fishes. Changes in characteristics like saponification value, iodine value and unsaponifiable matter of these lipids during different months of the year are also reported.

Influence of colour of webbing on the catch of gill nets for commercially important hilsa (Hilsa toli and Hilsa ilisha) and pomfret (Pampus argenteus and Parastromateus niger) has been studied in the coastal waters off Veraval. Among the colours tested yellow and white are recommended for hilsa and pomfret gear. Influence of fishing depth, surface water temperature and turbidity on catch are also discussed.

The changes in the biochemistry of different varieties of iced fish during transportation in thermocole lined second hand tea chests from Veraval to Bombay and Delhi are discussed. The moisture increased for all the varieties except for eel and hilsa at Bombay. TMAN and TVN increased in all cases. Maximum increase of TMAN and TVN was observed in seer fish. Pt. 1: A preliminary study of insulated containers and their efficacy in long distance transportation. Fishery Technology, 13(1), pp. 41-48.

Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) was frozen in the fresh condition as well as after holding in ice for one, two and four days. Evaluation of changes in the quality of these samples during storage at -18°C has shown that shelf-life decreased sharply if the pre-freezing iced storage was more than one day. The shelf-life of one day iced, two day iced and four day iced frozen samples were 32, 20 and 16 weeks respectively. No correlation was observed between the peroxide value and the organoleptic detection of rancid flavour. Levels of free fatty acids were more in the samples frozen after storage in ice for one day than in all the other samples. Alternative name spelling: Viswanathan Nair, P.G.

Fishing conducted off Saurashtra coast during 1971-74 with 27 units of nylon gill nets using 210/2/3, 210/3/3 and 210/4/3 twines with 51, 57 and 63 mm bar mesh and 0.70, 0 60 and 0.50 hanging coefficients have helped in standardizing an optimum gear for exploitation of commercial size group of Hilsa toli and Pampus argenteus. Gill nets of 210/2/3 with 51 mm bar mesh and 0.60 hanging coefficient for Hilsa toli and 210/2/3 with 63 mm bar and 0.60 hanging coefficient for Pampus argenteus are recommended for the commercial exploitation of these two species of fishes.

Seasonal variation in the proximate composition of different body regions of Pampus argenteus is reported. The fat content of the fish is high during winter whereas during summer the fish becomes lean. A comparison of average values of proximate composition and energy values of silver pomfret and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) is given. Pt. 1: Black pomfret (Parastromateus niger). Fishery Technology, 5(2), pp. 113-122.

Fresh silver pomfret, black pomfret and hilsa were canned at absolutely fresh and iced conditions and the qualities of the final products were studied comparatively in relation to the initial quality of the raw materials. Under identical conditions a maximum quantity of cook-drip and nitrogen contents were found to be lost in black pomfret and minimum in hilsa. Silver pomfret and black pomfret iced for 3 days gave fairly good products on canning while hilsa came out only as a satisfactory product on canning after the same ice storage period of the raw material.

The phospholipids of five Indian food fishes (sardine, pomfret, mackerel, anchovies and thrissocles) were fractionated quantitatively using column and thin layer chromatographic techniques and the results reported in this communication.